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Haghmorad D, Soltanmohammadi A, Jadid Tavaf M, Zargarani S, Yazdanpanah E, Shadab A, Yousefi B. The protective role of interaction between vitamin D, sex hormones and calcium in multiple sclerosis. Int J Neurosci 2024; 134:735-753. [PMID: 36369838 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2147431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disorder that causes disability and paralysis, especially among young adults. Although interactions of several factors, such as viral infections, autoimmunity, genetic and environmental factors, performance a role in the beginning and progression of the disease, the exact cause of MS is unknown to date. Different immune cells such as Th1 and Th17 play an impressive role in the immunopathogenesis of MS, while, regulatory cells such as Th2 and Treg diminish the severity of the illness. Sex hormones have a vital role in many autoimmune disorders, including multiple sclerosis. Testosterone, estrogen and progesterone have various roles in the progress of MS, which higher prevalence of disease in women and more severe in men reveals the importance of sex hormones' role in this disease. Vitamin D after chemical changes in the body, as an active hormone called calcitriol, plays an important role in regulating immune responses and improves MS by modulating the immune system. The optimum level of calcium in the body with vitamin D modulates immune responses and calcium as an essential ion in the body plays a key role in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. The interaction between vitamin D and sex hormones has protective and therapeutic effects against MS and functional synergy between estrogen and calcitriol occurs in disease recovery. Moreover, vitamin D and calcium interact with each other to regulate the immune system and shift them to anti-inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariush Haghmorad
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Azita Soltanmohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Maryam Jadid Tavaf
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Simin Zargarani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Yazdanpanah
- Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Allergy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Shadab
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Al-Shammri S, Chattopadhyay A, Hanah MG, Doi S, Akanji A. Association of Blood Levels of Vitamin D and Its Binding Protein with Clinical Phenotypes of Multiple Sclerosis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1808. [PMID: 37509448 PMCID: PMC10376961 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low vitamin D levels may synergize with changing levels of the vitamin D binding protein (DBP) to precipitate in the development and clinical progression of multiple sclerosis (MS). In this study, this hypothesis was explored in groups of Kuwaiti healthy controls and patients with different clinical phenotypes of MS. METHODS Fasting serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and DBP were measured in 146 healthy controls and 195 patients with MS. The latter were classified according to the duration, type, and onset of the disease and the mode of treatment. Factors such as relapse/remitting, and the use of nutritional supplements were also considered. RESULTS The DBP levels were significantly lower in the patients than in the controls. This was more evident in newly diagnosed drug-naïve patients than in those patients with more established MS. MS status and severity were negatively impacted by concurrently low levels of 25(OH)D and DBP. This was most clearly expressed in drug-naïve patients and in those with a disease in relapse. It was also established that the 25(OH)D level had a significant positive correlation with the duration of the disease. CONCLUSION Lower levels of 25(OH)D and DBP appear to have a synergistic effect on MS status. This was most clearly demonstrated in patients who were newly diagnosed (drug-naïve) and in those patients who were in relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhail Al-Shammri
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City P.O. Box 24923, Kuwait
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mubarak al Kabeer Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jabriya 13001, Kuwait
| | - Arpita Chattopadhyay
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City P.O. Box 24923, Kuwait
| | - Magdy Girgis Hanah
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mubarak al Kabeer Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jabriya 13001, Kuwait
| | - Suhail Doi
- Department of Population Medicine, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Abayomi Akanji
- Department of Medical Sciences, Frank Netter School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University, Hamden, CT 06518, USA
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Nova A, Baldrighi GN, Fazia T, Graziano F, Saddi V, Piras M, Beecham A, McCauley JL, Bernardinelli L. Heritability Estimation of Multiple Sclerosis Related Plasma Protein Levels in Sardinian Families with Immunochip Genotyping Data. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12071101. [PMID: 35888189 PMCID: PMC9317284 DOI: 10.3390/life12071101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This work aimed at estimating narrow-sense heritability, defined as the proportion of the phenotypic variance explained by the sum of additive genetic effects, via Haseman–Elston regression for a subset of 56 plasma protein levels related to Multiple Sclerosis (MS). These were measured in 212 related individuals (with 69 MS cases and 143 healthy controls) obtained from 20 Sardinian families with MS history. Using pedigree information, we found seven statistically significant heritable plasma protein levels (after multiple testing correction), i.e., Gc (h2 = 0.77; 95%CI: 0.36, 1.00), Plat (h2 = 0.70; 95%CI: 0.27, 0.95), Anxa1 (h2 = 0.68; 95%CI: 0.27, 1.00), Sod1 (h2 = 0.58; 95%CI: 0.18, 0.96), Irf8 (h2 = 0.56; 95%CI: 0.19, 0.99), Ptger4 (h2 = 0.45; 95%CI: 0.10, 0.96), and Fadd (h2 = 0.41; 95%CI: 0.06, 0.84). A subsequent analysis was performed on these statistically significant heritable plasma protein levels employing Immunochip genotyping data obtained in 155 healthy controls (92 related and 63 unrelated); we found a meaningful proportion of heritable plasma protein levels’ variability explained by a small set of SNPs. Overall, the results obtained, for these seven MS-related proteins, emphasized a high additive genetic variance component explaining plasma levels’ variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nova
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.N.B.); (T.F.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Giulia Nicole Baldrighi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.N.B.); (T.F.); (L.B.)
| | - Teresa Fazia
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.N.B.); (T.F.); (L.B.)
| | - Francesca Graziano
- Centre of Biostatistics for Clinical Epidemiology, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy;
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Valeria Saddi
- Divisione di Neurologia, Presidio Ospedaliero S. Francesco, ASL Numero 3 Nuoro, 08100 Nuoro, Italy; (V.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Marialuisa Piras
- Divisione di Neurologia, Presidio Ospedaliero S. Francesco, ASL Numero 3 Nuoro, 08100 Nuoro, Italy; (V.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Ashley Beecham
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA; (A.B.); (J.L.M.)
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jacob L. McCauley
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA; (A.B.); (J.L.M.)
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Luisa Bernardinelli
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.N.B.); (T.F.); (L.B.)
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Chapman C, Lucas RM, Ponsonby AL, Taylor B, Chapman C, Coulthard A, Dear K, Dwyer T, Kilpatrick T, Lucas R, McMichael T, Pender M, Ponsonby AL, Taylor B, Valery PC, van der Mei I, Williams D. Predictors of progression from a first demyelinating event to clinically definite multiple sclerosis. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac181. [PMID: 35891671 PMCID: PMC9308470 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the predictors of progression from a first to a second demyelinating event (and formerly, a diagnosis of clinically definite multiple sclerosis) is important clinically. Previous studies have focused on predictors within a single domain, e.g. radiological, lacking prospective data across multiple domains. We tested a comprehensive set of personal, environmental, neurological, MRI and genetic characteristics, considered together, as predictors of progression from a first demyelinating event to clinically definite multiple sclerosis. Participants were aged 18–59 years and had a first demyelinating event during the study recruitment period (1 November 2003–31 December 2006) for the Ausimmune Study (n = 216) and had follow-up data to 2–3 years post-initial interview. Detailed baseline data were available on a broad range of demographic and environmental factors, MRI, and genetic and viral studies. Follow-up data included confirmation of clinically definite multiple sclerosis (or not) and changes in environmental exposures during the follow-up period. We used multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression modelling to test predictors of, and time to, conversion to clinically definite multiple sclerosis. On review, one participant had an undiagnosed event prior to study recruitment and was excluded (n = 215). Data on progression to clinically definite multiple sclerosis were available for 91.2% (n = 196); 77% were diagnosed as clinically definite multiple sclerosis at follow-up. Mean (standard deviation) duration of follow-up was 2.7 (0.7) years. The set of predictors retained in the best predictive model for progression from a first demyelinating event to clinically definite multiple sclerosis were as follows: younger age at first demyelinating event [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.87–0.97, per additional year of age); being a smoker at baseline (versus not) (aOR = 2.55, 95% CI 0.85–7.69); lower sun exposure at age 6–18 years (aOR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.74–1.00, per 100 kJ/m2 increment in ultraviolet radiation dose), presence (versus absence) of infratentorial lesions on baseline magnetic resonance imaging (aOR = 7.41, 95% CI 2.08–26.41); and single nucleotide polymorphisms in human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B (rs2523393, aOR = 0.25, 95% CI 0.09–0.68, for any G versus A:A), TNFRSF1A (rs1800693, aOR = 5.82, 95% CI 2.10–16.12, for any C versus T:T), and a vitamin D-binding protein gene (rs7041, aOR = 3.76, 95% CI 1.41–9.99, for any A versus C:C). The final model explained 36% of the variance. Predictors of more rapid progression to clinically definite multiple sclerosis (Cox proportional hazards regression) were similar. Genetic and magnetic resonance imaging characteristics as well as demographic and environmental factors predicted progression, and more rapid progression, from a first demyelinating event to a second event and clinically definite multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caron Chapman
- Barwon Health , PO Box 281, Geelong, VIC 3220 , Australia
| | - Robyn M Lucas
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University , Cnr Mills and Eggleston Roads, Canberra 2601 , Australia
| | - Anne-Louise Ponsonby
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health , 30 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC 3052 , Australia
| | - Bruce Taylor
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania , 17 Liverpool St, Hobart , Australia
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Grut V, Biström M, Salzer J, Stridh P, Lindam A, Alonso-Magdalena L, Andersen O, Jons D, Gunnarsson M, Vrethem M, Hultdin J, Sundström P. Free Vitamin D 3 Index and Vitamin D-binding protein in multiple sclerosis - a presymptomatic case-control study. Eur J Neurol 2022; 29:2335-2342. [PMID: 35582958 PMCID: PMC9545920 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background and purpose High levels of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 (25[OH]D3) are associated with a lower risk for multiple sclerosis (MS). The bioavailability of 25(OH)D3 is regulated by its main plasma carrier, vitamin D‐binding protein (DBP). Free 25(OH)D3 can be estimated by also measuring DBP concentration. In addition, DBP has immunomodulatory functions that may independently affect MS pathogenesis. No previous studies have assessed free 25(OH)D3 or DBP in presymptomatically collected samples. This study was undertaken to assess free 25(OH)D3 and DBP as risk factors for MS. Methods A nested case–control study was performed with presymptomatic serum samples identified through cross‐linkage of MS registries and Swedish biobanks. Concentration of 25(OH)D3 was measured with liquid chromatography and DBP levels with sandwich immunoassay. Free 25(OH)D3 was approximated as free vitamin D3 index: (25[OH]D3/DBP) × 103. MS risk was analyzed by conditional logistic regression, calculating odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Serum samples from 660 pairs of matched cases and controls were included. At <20 years of age, high levels of free vitamin D3 index were associated with a lower risk of MS (highest vs. lowest quintile: OR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.15–0.91, p for trend across quintiles = 0.04). At age 30–39 years, high levels of DBP were associated with a lower MS risk (highest vs. lowest quintile: OR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.15–0.85, p for trend = 0.02). Conclusions These findings support the hypothesis that high levels of free 25(OH)D3 at a young age reduce the risk of MS later in life. They also implicate a role for DBP in MS etiology. The association of free vitamin D3 index, vitamin D‐binding protein, and the risk of developing multiple sclerosis was assessed in a case–control study of presymptomatically collected samples. High free vitamin D3 index before the age of 20 years was associated with a lower risk of developing multiple sclerosis later in life. High levels of vitamin D binding protein after the age of 30 years were associated with a lower risk of developing multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Grut
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Martin Biström
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jonatan Salzer
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Stridh
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Lindam
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Research, Education and Development Östersund Hospital, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lucia Alonso-Magdalena
- Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital in Malmö/Lund and Department of Clinical Sciences, Neurology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oluf Andersen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Jons
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Gunnarsson
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Magnus Vrethem
- Department of Neurology and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johan Hultdin
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Peter Sundström
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Maghbooli Z, Omidifar A, Varzandi T, Salehnezhad T, Sahraian MA. Reduction in circulating vitamin D binding protein in patients with multiple sclerosis. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:168. [PMID: 33879066 PMCID: PMC8056586 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02200-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In this study, we aimed to determine the risk association between vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) polymorphism in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) in a MS biobank and the difference in VDBP serum levels in MS patients who were recently diagnosed. Method The current case-control study was performed on 296 MS patients and 313 controls. Thereafter, two common missense VDBP polymorphisms, named rs7041and rs4588, were evaluated in all the participants. Serum levels of vitamin D and vitamin D binding protein were assessed in 77 MS patients who were diagnosed since one year ago and in 67 healthy people who were matched in terms of age and sex. Result The frequency distributions of VDBP genotypes and alleles of SNP rs7041 and rs4588 were observed to be similar in both the MS and control groups (p > 0.05). The VDBP haplotypes, as Gc2/Gc2, Gc1/Gc1, and Gc1/Gc2, were found to be similar in the MS and control groups (p > 0.05). In subgroup analysis, circulating VDBP was lower in MS patients (Ln-VDBP (μgr/ml): 3.64 ± 0.91 vs. 5.31 ± 0.77, p = 0.0001) even after adjusting for vitamin D levels, body mass index, and taking vitamin D supplement. There was no significant association between VDBP haplotypes and vitamin D levels in the two groups. Conclusion The present study suggested an association between lower levels of circulating VDBP and multiple sclerosis in newly diagnosed patients. However, the VDBP causative role in the development of MS is still unclear, so it needs more studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12883-021-02200-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhila Maghbooli
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abolfazl Omidifar
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tarlan Varzandi
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Salehnezhad
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Sahraian
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Alhomsi B, Aboualchamat G, Alkadi I. Assessment of vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) gene polymorphisms and their correlation with multiple sclerosis: a case-control study in a sample of the Syrian population. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-020-00076-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Vitamin D deficiency is a major health concern as it increases the risk of developing many serious diseases. Recently, the correlation between vitamin D deficiency and multiple sclerosis (MS) is a matter of serious debate. In this case-control study, we aimed to assess the correlation between genetic changes in the vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) gene and their consequence on MS patients. Our sample study consisted of 110 individuals; 40 patients with MS as cases and 70 healthy controls. Vitamin D levels were determined by immunofluorescence assay, and polymorphisms at rs7041 (c.1296 T > G p.Asp416Glu) and rs4588 (c.1307C > A p.Thr420Lys) of the DBP gene were genotyped using PCR/RFLP method for all cases and controls.
Results
Our results showed that genotype frequencies were consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. A significant association was found in rs7041 (c.1296TT) homozygous wild-type, and the odds ratio was < 1 suggesting a protective role against developing MS (OR; 0.03, p = 0.0002) whereas the c.1296GG genotype was significantly correlated with an increased risk for MS by 6 folds (OR: 6.0000, p < 0.0001). No significant association was noted at rs4588 and MS occurrence. In addition, our compound genotyping results revealed that haplotypes 1S-1S are 6 times more likely to develop MS, whereas haplotypes 1F-1F had a more protective role in MS patients (OR: 0.063, p = 0.06.), respectively. The risk of vitamin D insufficiency in patients was greater by 14 folds compared to controls (OR: 14.05, p = 0.0128). Furthermore, the c.1296GG genotype was associated significantly by more than 4 times with insufficient levels of vitamin D and by 7 folds with vitamin deficiency.
Conclusions
We conclude that polymorphisms in the DBP gene could have independent effects on the risk of developing multiple sclerosis. The homozygous recessive genotype at rs7041 was associated with insufficient levels of vitamin D and with the risk of MS emergence.
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Scazzone C, Agnello L, Bivona G, Lo Sasso B, Ciaccio M. Vitamin D and Genetic Susceptibility to Multiple Sclerosis. Biochem Genet 2020; 59:1-30. [PMID: 33159645 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-020-10010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS), resulting from the interaction among genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Vitamin D is a secosteroid, and its circulating levels are influenced by environment and genetics. In the last decades, research data on the association between MS and vitamin D status led to hypothesize a possible role for hypovitaminosis D as a risk factor for MS. Some gene variants encoding proteins involved in vitamin D metabolism, transport, and function, which are responsible for vitamin D status alterations, have been related to MS susceptibility. This review explores the current literature on the influence of vitamin D-related genes in MS susceptibility, reporting all single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) investigated to date in 12 vitamin D pathway genes. Among all, the gene codifying vitamin D receptor (VDR) is the most studied. The association between VDR SNPs and MS risk has been reported by many Authors, with a few studies producing opposite results. Other vitamin D-related genes (including DHCR7/NADSYN1, CYP2R1, CYP27A1, CYP3A4, CYP27B1, CYP24A1, Megalin-DAB2-Cubilin, FGF-23, and Klotho) have been less investigated and achieved more conflicting evidence. Taken together, findings from the studies reviewed cannot clarify whether and to what extent vitamin D-related gene variants can influence MS risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Scazzone
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 129, CAP 90127, Palermo, Sicily, Italy
| | - Luisa Agnello
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 129, CAP 90127, Palermo, Sicily, Italy
| | - Giulia Bivona
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 129, CAP 90127, Palermo, Sicily, Italy
| | - Bruna Lo Sasso
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 129, CAP 90127, Palermo, Sicily, Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marcello Ciaccio
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 129, CAP 90127, Palermo, Sicily, Italy.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital, Palermo, Italy.
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Ma J, Liu M, Wang Y, Xin C, Zhang H, Chen S, Zheng X, Zhang X, Xiao F, Yang S. Quantitative proteomics analysis of young and elderly skin with DIA mass spectrometry reveals new skin aging-related proteins. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:13529-13554. [PMID: 32602849 PMCID: PMC7377841 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Skin aging is a specific manifestation of the physiological aging process that occurs in virtually all organisms. In this study, we used data independent acquisition mass spectrometry to perform a comparative analysis of protein expression in volar forearm skin samples from of 20 healthy young and elderly Chinese individuals. Our quantitative proteomic analysis identified a total of 95 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in aged skin compared to young skin. Enrichment analyses of these DEPs (57 upregulated and 38 downregulated proteins) based on the GO, KEGG, and KOG databases revealed functional clusters associated with immunity and inflammation, oxidative stress, biosynthesis and metabolism, proteases, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and apoptosis. We also found that GAPDH, which was downregulated in aged skin samples, was the top hub gene in a protein-protein interaction network analysis. Some of the DEPs identified herein had been previously correlated with aging of the skin and other organs, while others may represent novel age-related entities. Our non-invasive proteomics analysis of human epidermal proteins may guide future research on skin aging to help develop treatments for age-related skin conditions and rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mengting Liu
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yaochi Wang
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Cong Xin
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shirui Chen
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fengli Xiao
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China.,The Center for Scientific Research of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Sen Yang
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
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10
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Wu Y, Cai Y, Liu M, Zhu D, Guan Y. The Potential Immunoregulatory Roles of Vitamin D in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 43:102156. [PMID: 32474282 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoantibody-mediated disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS). Its pathogenesis involves both innate and acquired immune reactions; specific antibody (Aquaporin-4 antibody) and inflammatory cells cause direct damage on lesion sites, while B cell-T cell interactions facilitate the demyelination. However, its etiology is still not fully understood. Vitamin D deficiency is present in numerous autoimmune diseases, including NMOSD. Evidence suggests that low vitamin D levels mayassociate with disease activity and relapse rate in NMOSD, indicating the participation in the pathogenesis of NMOSD. The immunoregulatory roles of vitamin D in both numerous autoimmune diseases and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) models are increasingly recognized. Recent studies have revealed vitamin D modulation in cytokine production, immune cell development and differentiation, as well as antibody production. By enhancing an anti-inflammatory environment and suppressing the overactivated autoimmune process, vitamin D shows its potential immunoregulatory roles in NMOSD, which could possibly introduce a new therapy for NMOSD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No.127, Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yu Cai
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No.127, Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Mingyuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Desheng Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No.127, Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yangtai Guan
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No.127, Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China.
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11
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Miclea A, Bagnoud M, Chan A, Hoepner R. A Brief Review of the Effects of Vitamin D on Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:781. [PMID: 32435244 PMCID: PMC7218089 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized as an autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system. It is one of the most common neurological disorders in young adults. Over the past decades, increasing evidence suggested that hypovitaminosis D is a contributing factor to the risk of developing MS. From different risk factors contributing to the development of MS, vitamin D status is of particular interest since it is not only a modifiable risk factor but is also associated with MS disease activity. MS patients with lower serum vitamin D concentrations were shown to have higher disease activity. However, this finding does not demonstrate causality. In this regard, prospective vitamin D supplementation studies missed statistical significance in its primary endpoints but showed promising results in secondary outcome measures or post hoc analyses. An explanation for missed primary endpoints may be underpowered trials. Besides vitamin D supplementation as a potential add-on to long-term immunotherapeutic treatment, a recent laboratory study of our group pointed toward a beneficial effect of vitamin D to improve the efficacy of glucocorticoids in relapse therapy. In the following article, we will briefly review the effects of vitamin D on MS by outlining its effects on the immune and nervous system and by reviewing the association between vitamin D and MS risk as well as MS disease activity. We will also review the effects of vitamin D supplementation on MS risk and MS disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Miclea
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maud Bagnoud
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Chan
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Robert Hoepner
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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12
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Aktürk T, Turan Y, Tanik N, Karadağ ME, Sacmaci H, Inan LE. Vitamin D, vitamin D binding protein, vitamin D receptor levels and cardiac dysautonomia in patients with multiple sclerosis: a cross-sectional study. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2020; 77:848-854. [PMID: 31939581 DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x20190182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vitamin D is a pleiotropic steroid hormone that modulates the autonomic balance. Its deficiency has been described as an environmental risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this study was to investigate the serum levels of vitamin D, vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) and vitamin D receptors (VDR) and to evaluate cardiac dysautonomia in MS patients due to bidirectional interaction between vitamin D and the autonomic nervous system. METHODS The current cross-sectional study was conducted on 26 patients with relapsing-remitting MS and on 24 healthy controls. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure variability (BPV) was calculated and the participants were evaluated for orthostatic hypotension and supine hypertension. Serum levels of vitamin D, VDBP and VDR were measured. RESULTS The mean serum vitamin D level was significantly lower in MS patients than in controls (p = 0.044); however there was no significant difference in terms of VDR and VDBP levels between the groups. Supine hypertension and orthostatic hypotension were significant and the 24-hour systolic BPV was significantly decreased in patients with MS (p < 0.05) compared to controls. No correlation was found between vitamin D, VDBP and VDR with supine hypertension, orthostatic hypotension and systolic BPV values (p > 0.05). Also, there was a negative correlation between VDBP and the EDSS (p = 0.039, r = -0.406). CONCLUSION There was no correlation between orthostatic hypotension, supine hypertension and systolic BPV values and serum vitamin D, VDBP and VDR in MS patients. Future prospective studies with large number of patients may help us to better understand the relationship between vitamin D and the autonomic nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tülin Aktürk
- Bozok University, Department of Neurology, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Yaşar Turan
- Bozok University, Department of Neurology, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Nermin Tanik
- Bozok University, Department of Neurology, Yozgat, Turkey
| | | | - Hikmet Sacmaci
- Bozok University, Department of Neurology, Yozgat, Turkey
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13
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Scazzone C, Agnello L, Lo Sasso B, Ciaccio AM, Giglio RV, Bivona G, Ciaccio M. Vitamin D and Multiple Sclerosis: An Open-Ended Story. Open Biochem J 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1874091x01913010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the Central Nervous System (CNS). Genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors interact together, contributing to the complex pathogenesis of the disease. In the last decades, the role of hypovitaminosis D on MS risk was hypothesised. Several factors drive the regulation of vitamin D status, including genetics. The current review summarises the literature evidence on the association between vitamin D and MS, with a focus on the genetic polymorphisms in vitamin D-related genes. The variants of the genes codifying Vitamin D Receptor (VDR), Vitamin D Binding Protein (VDBP) and CYP enzymes have been investigated, but the findings are controversial. Only a few studies have addressed the role of DHCR7 polymorphisms in MS risk.
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14
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Vlot MC, Boekel L, Kragt J, Killestein J, van Amerongen BM, de Jonge R, den Heijer M, Heijboer AC. Multiple Sclerosis Patients Show Lower Bioavailable 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH) 2D, but No Difference in Ratio of 25(OH)D/24,25(OH) 2D and FGF23 Concentrations. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112774. [PMID: 31731605 PMCID: PMC6893545 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D (VitD) insufficiency is common in multiple sclerosis (MS). VitD has possible anti-inflammatory effects on the immune system. The ratio between VitD metabolites in MS patients and the severity of the disease are suggested to be related. However, the exact effect of the bone-derived hormone fibroblast-growth-factor-23 (FGF23) and VitD binding protein (VDBP) on this ratio is not fully elucidated yet. Therefore, the aim is to study differences in total, free, and bioavailable VD metabolites and FGF23 between MS patients and healthy controls (HCs). FGF23, vitD (25(OH)D), active vitD (1,25(OH)2D), inactive 24,25(OH)D, and VDBP were measured in 91 MS patients and 92 HCs. Bioavailable and free concentrations were calculated. No difference in FGF23 (p = 0.65) and 25(OH)D/24.25(OH)2D ratio (p = 0.21) between MS patients and HCs was observed. Bioavailable 25(OH)D and bioavailable 1.25(OH)2D were lower (p < 0.01), while VDBP concentrations were higher in MS patients (p = 0.02) compared with HCs, specifically in male MS patients (p = 0.01). In conclusion, FGF23 and 25(OH)D/24.25(OH)2D did not differ between MS patients and HCs, yet bioavailable VitD concentrations are of potential clinical relevance in MS patients. The possible immunomodulating role of VDBP and gender-related differences in the VD-FGF23 axis in MS need further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariska C Vlot
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.C.V.); (L.B.); (R.d.J.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam University medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Laura Boekel
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.C.V.); (L.B.); (R.d.J.)
| | - Jolijn Kragt
- Department of Neurology, Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, 2625 AD Delft, The Netherlands;
| | - Joep Killestein
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Barbara M. van Amerongen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Robert de Jonge
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.C.V.); (L.B.); (R.d.J.)
| | - Martin den Heijer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam University medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Annemieke C. Heijboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.C.V.); (L.B.); (R.d.J.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-205665940
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15
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Spanier JA, Nashold FE, Nelson CD, Praska CE, Hayes CE. Vitamin D 3-mediated resistance to a multiple sclerosis model disease depends on myeloid cell 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 synthesis and correlates with increased CD4 + T cell CTLA-4 expression. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 338:577105. [PMID: 31731231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Microglial cell activation is the earliest biomarker of the inflammatory processes that cause central nervous system (CNS) lesions in multiple sclerosis. We hypothesized that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) production by activated microglia and macrophages in the CNS inhibits these inflammatory processes. To test this hypothesis, we targeted the Cyp27b1 gene specifically in myeloid cells, then analyzed the influence of disrupted myeloid cell 1,25-(OH)2D3 synthesis on vitamin D3-mediated resistance to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Myeloid cell 1,25-(OH)2D3 synthesis was essential for vitamin D3-mediated EAE resistance. Increased CTLA-4 expression in the CNS-infiltrating CD4+ Tconv and Treg cells and decreased splenic B cell CD86 expression correlated with resistance. These new data provide solid support for the view that vitamin D3 reduces MS risk in part through a mechanism involving myeloid cell 1,25-(OH)2D3 production and CTLA-4 upregulation in CNS-infiltrating CD4+ T cells. We suggest that CTLA-4 serves as a vitamin D3-regulated immunological checkpoint in multiple sclerosis prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A Spanier
- Department of Medicine, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Faye E Nashold
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Corwin D Nelson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Corinne E Praska
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Colleen E Hayes
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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