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Nosadini M, Eyre M, Giacomini T, Valeriani M, Della Corte M, Praticò AD, Annovazzi P, Cordani R, Cordelli DM, Crichiutti G, Di Rosa G, Dolcemascolo V, Fetta A, Freri E, Gallo P, Gastaldi M, Granata T, Grazian L, Iorio R, Lombardini M, Margoni M, Mariotto S, Matricardi S, Melani F, Nardocci N, Papetti L, Passarini A, Pisani F, Po' C, Puthenparampil M, Ragona F, Savasta S, Siliquini S, Toldo I, Tozzo A, Turco EC, Varone A, Vogrig A, Zuliani L, Bugin S, Rossato S, Orsini A, Cantalupo G, Mancardi MM, Ferilli MAN, Foiadelli T, Sartori S. Early Immunotherapy and Longer Corticosteroid Treatment Are Associated With Lower Risk of Relapsing Disease Course in Pediatric MOGAD. NEUROLOGY(R) NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2022; 10:10/1/e200065. [PMID: 36446614 PMCID: PMC9709714 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES We sought to identify early factors associated with relapse and outcome in paediatric-onset myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disorders (MOGAD). METHODS In a multicenter retrospective cohort of pediatric MOGAD (≤18 years), onset features and treatment were compared in patients with monophasic vs relapsing disease (including cases with follow-up ≥12 months after onset or relapse at any time) and in patients with final Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) 0 vs ≥1 at last follow-up (including cases with follow-up >3 months after last event or EDSS0 at any time). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate factors associated with relapsing disease course and EDSS ≥ 1 at final follow-up. RESULTS Seventy-five children were included (median onset age 7 years; median 30 months of follow-up). Presentation with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis was more frequent in children aged 8 years or younger (66.7%, 28/42) than in older patients (30.3%, 10/33) (p = 0.002), whereas presentation with optic neuritis was more common in children older than 8 years (57.6%, 19/33) than in younger patients (21.4%, 9/42) (p = 0.001). 40.0% (26/65) of patients relapsed. Time to first relapse was longer in children aged 8 years or younger than in older patients (median 18 vs 4 months) (p = 0.013). Factors at first event independently associated with lower risk of relapsing disease course were immunotherapy <7 days from onset (6.7-fold reduced odds of relapsing course, OR 0.15, 95% CI 0.03-0.61, p = 0.009), corticosteroid treatment for ≥5 weeks (6.7-fold reduced odds of relapse, OR 0.15, 95% CI 0.03-0.80, p = 0.026), and abnormal optic nerves on onset MRI (12.5-fold reduced odds of relapse, OR 0.08, 95% CI 0.01-0.50, p = 0.007). 21.1% (15/71) had EDSS ≥ 1 at final follow-up. Patients with a relapsing course had a higher proportion of final EDSS ≥ 1 (37.5%, 9/24) than children with monophasic disease (12.8%, 5/39) (p = 0.022, univariate analysis). Each 1-point increment in worst EDSS at onset was independently associated with 6.7-fold increased odds of final EDSS ≥ 1 (OR 6.65, 95% CI 1.33-33.26, p = 0.021). DISCUSSION At first attack of pediatric MOGAD, early immunotherapy, longer duration of corticosteroid treatment, and abnormal optic nerves on MRI seem associated with lower risk of relapse, whereas higher disease severity is associated with greater risk of final disability (EDSS ≥ 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Nosadini
- From the Paediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit (M.N., I.T., Stefano Sartori), Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Group (M.N., L.Z., Stefano Sartori), Paediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (M.E.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry (Thea Giacomini, R.C., M.M.M.), Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy; Neuroscience Department (M.V., L.P., M.A.N.F.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (M.D.C., Antonio Varone), Pediatric Neurology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy; Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood (A.D.P.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Center (P.A.), ASST della Valle Olona, Hospital of Gallarate, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (D.M.C., A.F.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), SOrsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy; Division of Pediatrics (Giovanni Crichiutti, V.D.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Italy; Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry (G.D.R.), Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F., T.G.., N.N., F.R., A.T.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; GALLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre (P.G., M.M., M.P.), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.G.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Unit of Pediatrics (L.G., C.P.), ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy; Institute of Neurology (R.I.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "AGemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories (M.L., F.M.), Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neurology Unit (Sara Mariotto), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (Sara Matricardi, Sabrina Siliquini), "GSalesi" Children's Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.P., E.C.T.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy; Pediatric Clinic (Salvatore Savasta, T.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy; Clinical Neurology (Alberto Vogrig), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.Z.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; U.O.CPediatria (S.B., S.R.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; Pediatric Neurology (A.O.), Pediatric University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry (Gaetano Cantalupo), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Italy; and Department of Neuroscience (Stefano Sartori), University of Padova, Italy.
| | - Michael Eyre
- From the Paediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit (M.N., I.T., Stefano Sartori), Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Group (M.N., L.Z., Stefano Sartori), Paediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (M.E.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry (Thea Giacomini, R.C., M.M.M.), Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy; Neuroscience Department (M.V., L.P., M.A.N.F.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (M.D.C., Antonio Varone), Pediatric Neurology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy; Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood (A.D.P.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Center (P.A.), ASST della Valle Olona, Hospital of Gallarate, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (D.M.C., A.F.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), SOrsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy; Division of Pediatrics (Giovanni Crichiutti, V.D.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Italy; Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry (G.D.R.), Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F., T.G.., N.N., F.R., A.T.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; GALLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre (P.G., M.M., M.P.), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.G.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Unit of Pediatrics (L.G., C.P.), ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy; Institute of Neurology (R.I.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "AGemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories (M.L., F.M.), Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neurology Unit (Sara Mariotto), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (Sara Matricardi, Sabrina Siliquini), "GSalesi" Children's Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.P., E.C.T.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy; Pediatric Clinic (Salvatore Savasta, T.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy; Clinical Neurology (Alberto Vogrig), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.Z.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; U.O.CPediatria (S.B., S.R.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; Pediatric Neurology (A.O.), Pediatric University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry (Gaetano Cantalupo), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Italy; and Department of Neuroscience (Stefano Sartori), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Thea Giacomini
- From the Paediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit (M.N., I.T., Stefano Sartori), Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Group (M.N., L.Z., Stefano Sartori), Paediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (M.E.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry (Thea Giacomini, R.C., M.M.M.), Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy; Neuroscience Department (M.V., L.P., M.A.N.F.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (M.D.C., Antonio Varone), Pediatric Neurology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy; Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood (A.D.P.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Center (P.A.), ASST della Valle Olona, Hospital of Gallarate, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (D.M.C., A.F.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), SOrsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy; Division of Pediatrics (Giovanni Crichiutti, V.D.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Italy; Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry (G.D.R.), Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F., T.G.., N.N., F.R., A.T.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; GALLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre (P.G., M.M., M.P.), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.G.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Unit of Pediatrics (L.G., C.P.), ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy; Institute of Neurology (R.I.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "AGemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories (M.L., F.M.), Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neurology Unit (Sara Mariotto), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (Sara Matricardi, Sabrina Siliquini), "GSalesi" Children's Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.P., E.C.T.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy; Pediatric Clinic (Salvatore Savasta, T.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy; Clinical Neurology (Alberto Vogrig), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.Z.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; U.O.CPediatria (S.B., S.R.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; Pediatric Neurology (A.O.), Pediatric University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry (Gaetano Cantalupo), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Italy; and Department of Neuroscience (Stefano Sartori), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Valeriani
- From the Paediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit (M.N., I.T., Stefano Sartori), Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Group (M.N., L.Z., Stefano Sartori), Paediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (M.E.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry (Thea Giacomini, R.C., M.M.M.), Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy; Neuroscience Department (M.V., L.P., M.A.N.F.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (M.D.C., Antonio Varone), Pediatric Neurology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy; Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood (A.D.P.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Center (P.A.), ASST della Valle Olona, Hospital of Gallarate, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (D.M.C., A.F.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), SOrsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy; Division of Pediatrics (Giovanni Crichiutti, V.D.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Italy; Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry (G.D.R.), Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F., T.G.., N.N., F.R., A.T.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; GALLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre (P.G., M.M., M.P.), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.G.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Unit of Pediatrics (L.G., C.P.), ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy; Institute of Neurology (R.I.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "AGemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories (M.L., F.M.), Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neurology Unit (Sara Mariotto), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (Sara Matricardi, Sabrina Siliquini), "GSalesi" Children's Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.P., E.C.T.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy; Pediatric Clinic (Salvatore Savasta, T.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy; Clinical Neurology (Alberto Vogrig), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.Z.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; U.O.CPediatria (S.B., S.R.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; Pediatric Neurology (A.O.), Pediatric University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry (Gaetano Cantalupo), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Italy; and Department of Neuroscience (Stefano Sartori), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Marida Della Corte
- From the Paediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit (M.N., I.T., Stefano Sartori), Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Group (M.N., L.Z., Stefano Sartori), Paediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (M.E.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry (Thea Giacomini, R.C., M.M.M.), Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy; Neuroscience Department (M.V., L.P., M.A.N.F.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (M.D.C., Antonio Varone), Pediatric Neurology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy; Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood (A.D.P.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Center (P.A.), ASST della Valle Olona, Hospital of Gallarate, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (D.M.C., A.F.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), SOrsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy; Division of Pediatrics (Giovanni Crichiutti, V.D.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Italy; Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry (G.D.R.), Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F., T.G.., N.N., F.R., A.T.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; GALLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre (P.G., M.M., M.P.), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.G.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Unit of Pediatrics (L.G., C.P.), ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy; Institute of Neurology (R.I.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "AGemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories (M.L., F.M.), Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neurology Unit (Sara Mariotto), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (Sara Matricardi, Sabrina Siliquini), "GSalesi" Children's Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.P., E.C.T.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy; Pediatric Clinic (Salvatore Savasta, T.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy; Clinical Neurology (Alberto Vogrig), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.Z.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; U.O.CPediatria (S.B., S.R.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; Pediatric Neurology (A.O.), Pediatric University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry (Gaetano Cantalupo), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Italy; and Department of Neuroscience (Stefano Sartori), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea D Praticò
- From the Paediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit (M.N., I.T., Stefano Sartori), Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Group (M.N., L.Z., Stefano Sartori), Paediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (M.E.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry (Thea Giacomini, R.C., M.M.M.), Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy; Neuroscience Department (M.V., L.P., M.A.N.F.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (M.D.C., Antonio Varone), Pediatric Neurology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy; Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood (A.D.P.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Center (P.A.), ASST della Valle Olona, Hospital of Gallarate, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (D.M.C., A.F.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), SOrsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy; Division of Pediatrics (Giovanni Crichiutti, V.D.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Italy; Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry (G.D.R.), Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F., T.G.., N.N., F.R., A.T.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; GALLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre (P.G., M.M., M.P.), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.G.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Unit of Pediatrics (L.G., C.P.), ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy; Institute of Neurology (R.I.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "AGemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories (M.L., F.M.), Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neurology Unit (Sara Mariotto), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (Sara Matricardi, Sabrina Siliquini), "GSalesi" Children's Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.P., E.C.T.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy; Pediatric Clinic (Salvatore Savasta, T.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy; Clinical Neurology (Alberto Vogrig), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.Z.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; U.O.CPediatria (S.B., S.R.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; Pediatric Neurology (A.O.), Pediatric University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry (Gaetano Cantalupo), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Italy; and Department of Neuroscience (Stefano Sartori), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Pietro Annovazzi
- From the Paediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit (M.N., I.T., Stefano Sartori), Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Group (M.N., L.Z., Stefano Sartori), Paediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (M.E.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry (Thea Giacomini, R.C., M.M.M.), Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy; Neuroscience Department (M.V., L.P., M.A.N.F.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (M.D.C., Antonio Varone), Pediatric Neurology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy; Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood (A.D.P.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Center (P.A.), ASST della Valle Olona, Hospital of Gallarate, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (D.M.C., A.F.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), SOrsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy; Division of Pediatrics (Giovanni Crichiutti, V.D.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Italy; Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry (G.D.R.), Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F., T.G.., N.N., F.R., A.T.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; GALLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre (P.G., M.M., M.P.), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.G.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Unit of Pediatrics (L.G., C.P.), ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy; Institute of Neurology (R.I.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "AGemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories (M.L., F.M.), Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neurology Unit (Sara Mariotto), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (Sara Matricardi, Sabrina Siliquini), "GSalesi" Children's Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.P., E.C.T.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy; Pediatric Clinic (Salvatore Savasta, T.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy; Clinical Neurology (Alberto Vogrig), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.Z.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; U.O.CPediatria (S.B., S.R.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; Pediatric Neurology (A.O.), Pediatric University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry (Gaetano Cantalupo), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Italy; and Department of Neuroscience (Stefano Sartori), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Ramona Cordani
- From the Paediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit (M.N., I.T., Stefano Sartori), Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Group (M.N., L.Z., Stefano Sartori), Paediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (M.E.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry (Thea Giacomini, R.C., M.M.M.), Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy; Neuroscience Department (M.V., L.P., M.A.N.F.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (M.D.C., Antonio Varone), Pediatric Neurology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy; Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood (A.D.P.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Center (P.A.), ASST della Valle Olona, Hospital of Gallarate, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (D.M.C., A.F.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), SOrsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy; Division of Pediatrics (Giovanni Crichiutti, V.D.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Italy; Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry (G.D.R.), Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F., T.G.., N.N., F.R., A.T.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; GALLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre (P.G., M.M., M.P.), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.G.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Unit of Pediatrics (L.G., C.P.), ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy; Institute of Neurology (R.I.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "AGemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories (M.L., F.M.), Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neurology Unit (Sara Mariotto), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (Sara Matricardi, Sabrina Siliquini), "GSalesi" Children's Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.P., E.C.T.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy; Pediatric Clinic (Salvatore Savasta, T.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy; Clinical Neurology (Alberto Vogrig), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.Z.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; U.O.CPediatria (S.B., S.R.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; Pediatric Neurology (A.O.), Pediatric University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry (Gaetano Cantalupo), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Italy; and Department of Neuroscience (Stefano Sartori), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Duccio Maria Cordelli
- From the Paediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit (M.N., I.T., Stefano Sartori), Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Group (M.N., L.Z., Stefano Sartori), Paediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (M.E.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry (Thea Giacomini, R.C., M.M.M.), Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy; Neuroscience Department (M.V., L.P., M.A.N.F.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (M.D.C., Antonio Varone), Pediatric Neurology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy; Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood (A.D.P.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Center (P.A.), ASST della Valle Olona, Hospital of Gallarate, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (D.M.C., A.F.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), SOrsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy; Division of Pediatrics (Giovanni Crichiutti, V.D.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Italy; Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry (G.D.R.), Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F., T.G.., N.N., F.R., A.T.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; GALLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre (P.G., M.M., M.P.), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.G.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Unit of Pediatrics (L.G., C.P.), ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy; Institute of Neurology (R.I.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "AGemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories (M.L., F.M.), Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neurology Unit (Sara Mariotto), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (Sara Matricardi, Sabrina Siliquini), "GSalesi" Children's Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.P., E.C.T.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy; Pediatric Clinic (Salvatore Savasta, T.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy; Clinical Neurology (Alberto Vogrig), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.Z.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; U.O.CPediatria (S.B., S.R.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; Pediatric Neurology (A.O.), Pediatric University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry (Gaetano Cantalupo), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Italy; and Department of Neuroscience (Stefano Sartori), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Crichiutti
- From the Paediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit (M.N., I.T., Stefano Sartori), Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Group (M.N., L.Z., Stefano Sartori), Paediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (M.E.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry (Thea Giacomini, R.C., M.M.M.), Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy; Neuroscience Department (M.V., L.P., M.A.N.F.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (M.D.C., Antonio Varone), Pediatric Neurology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy; Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood (A.D.P.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Center (P.A.), ASST della Valle Olona, Hospital of Gallarate, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (D.M.C., A.F.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), SOrsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy; Division of Pediatrics (Giovanni Crichiutti, V.D.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Italy; Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry (G.D.R.), Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F., T.G.., N.N., F.R., A.T.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; GALLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre (P.G., M.M., M.P.), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.G.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Unit of Pediatrics (L.G., C.P.), ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy; Institute of Neurology (R.I.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "AGemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories (M.L., F.M.), Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neurology Unit (Sara Mariotto), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (Sara Matricardi, Sabrina Siliquini), "GSalesi" Children's Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.P., E.C.T.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy; Pediatric Clinic (Salvatore Savasta, T.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy; Clinical Neurology (Alberto Vogrig), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.Z.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; U.O.CPediatria (S.B., S.R.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; Pediatric Neurology (A.O.), Pediatric University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry (Gaetano Cantalupo), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Italy; and Department of Neuroscience (Stefano Sartori), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Gabriella Di Rosa
- From the Paediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit (M.N., I.T., Stefano Sartori), Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Group (M.N., L.Z., Stefano Sartori), Paediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (M.E.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry (Thea Giacomini, R.C., M.M.M.), Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy; Neuroscience Department (M.V., L.P., M.A.N.F.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (M.D.C., Antonio Varone), Pediatric Neurology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy; Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood (A.D.P.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Center (P.A.), ASST della Valle Olona, Hospital of Gallarate, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (D.M.C., A.F.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), SOrsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy; Division of Pediatrics (Giovanni Crichiutti, V.D.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Italy; Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry (G.D.R.), Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F., T.G.., N.N., F.R., A.T.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; GALLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre (P.G., M.M., M.P.), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.G.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Unit of Pediatrics (L.G., C.P.), ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy; Institute of Neurology (R.I.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "AGemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories (M.L., F.M.), Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neurology Unit (Sara Mariotto), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (Sara Matricardi, Sabrina Siliquini), "GSalesi" Children's Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.P., E.C.T.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy; Pediatric Clinic (Salvatore Savasta, T.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy; Clinical Neurology (Alberto Vogrig), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.Z.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; U.O.CPediatria (S.B., S.R.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; Pediatric Neurology (A.O.), Pediatric University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry (Gaetano Cantalupo), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Italy; and Department of Neuroscience (Stefano Sartori), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Dolcemascolo
- From the Paediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit (M.N., I.T., Stefano Sartori), Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Group (M.N., L.Z., Stefano Sartori), Paediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (M.E.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry (Thea Giacomini, R.C., M.M.M.), Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy; Neuroscience Department (M.V., L.P., M.A.N.F.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (M.D.C., Antonio Varone), Pediatric Neurology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy; Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood (A.D.P.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Center (P.A.), ASST della Valle Olona, Hospital of Gallarate, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (D.M.C., A.F.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), SOrsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy; Division of Pediatrics (Giovanni Crichiutti, V.D.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Italy; Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry (G.D.R.), Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F., T.G.., N.N., F.R., A.T.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; GALLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre (P.G., M.M., M.P.), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.G.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Unit of Pediatrics (L.G., C.P.), ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy; Institute of Neurology (R.I.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "AGemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories (M.L., F.M.), Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neurology Unit (Sara Mariotto), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (Sara Matricardi, Sabrina Siliquini), "GSalesi" Children's Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.P., E.C.T.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy; Pediatric Clinic (Salvatore Savasta, T.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy; Clinical Neurology (Alberto Vogrig), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.Z.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; U.O.CPediatria (S.B., S.R.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; Pediatric Neurology (A.O.), Pediatric University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry (Gaetano Cantalupo), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Italy; and Department of Neuroscience (Stefano Sartori), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Fetta
- From the Paediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit (M.N., I.T., Stefano Sartori), Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Group (M.N., L.Z., Stefano Sartori), Paediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (M.E.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry (Thea Giacomini, R.C., M.M.M.), Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy; Neuroscience Department (M.V., L.P., M.A.N.F.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (M.D.C., Antonio Varone), Pediatric Neurology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy; Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood (A.D.P.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Center (P.A.), ASST della Valle Olona, Hospital of Gallarate, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (D.M.C., A.F.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), SOrsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy; Division of Pediatrics (Giovanni Crichiutti, V.D.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Italy; Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry (G.D.R.), Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F., T.G.., N.N., F.R., A.T.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; GALLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre (P.G., M.M., M.P.), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.G.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Unit of Pediatrics (L.G., C.P.), ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy; Institute of Neurology (R.I.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "AGemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories (M.L., F.M.), Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neurology Unit (Sara Mariotto), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (Sara Matricardi, Sabrina Siliquini), "GSalesi" Children's Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.P., E.C.T.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy; Pediatric Clinic (Salvatore Savasta, T.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy; Clinical Neurology (Alberto Vogrig), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.Z.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; U.O.CPediatria (S.B., S.R.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; Pediatric Neurology (A.O.), Pediatric University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry (Gaetano Cantalupo), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Italy; and Department of Neuroscience (Stefano Sartori), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Freri
- From the Paediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit (M.N., I.T., Stefano Sartori), Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Group (M.N., L.Z., Stefano Sartori), Paediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (M.E.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry (Thea Giacomini, R.C., M.M.M.), Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy; Neuroscience Department (M.V., L.P., M.A.N.F.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (M.D.C., Antonio Varone), Pediatric Neurology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy; Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood (A.D.P.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Center (P.A.), ASST della Valle Olona, Hospital of Gallarate, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (D.M.C., A.F.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), SOrsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy; Division of Pediatrics (Giovanni Crichiutti, V.D.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Italy; Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry (G.D.R.), Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F., T.G.., N.N., F.R., A.T.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; GALLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre (P.G., M.M., M.P.), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.G.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Unit of Pediatrics (L.G., C.P.), ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy; Institute of Neurology (R.I.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "AGemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories (M.L., F.M.), Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neurology Unit (Sara Mariotto), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (Sara Matricardi, Sabrina Siliquini), "GSalesi" Children's Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.P., E.C.T.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy; Pediatric Clinic (Salvatore Savasta, T.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy; Clinical Neurology (Alberto Vogrig), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.Z.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; U.O.CPediatria (S.B., S.R.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; Pediatric Neurology (A.O.), Pediatric University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry (Gaetano Cantalupo), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Italy; and Department of Neuroscience (Stefano Sartori), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Gallo
- From the Paediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit (M.N., I.T., Stefano Sartori), Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Group (M.N., L.Z., Stefano Sartori), Paediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (M.E.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry (Thea Giacomini, R.C., M.M.M.), Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy; Neuroscience Department (M.V., L.P., M.A.N.F.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (M.D.C., Antonio Varone), Pediatric Neurology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy; Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood (A.D.P.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Center (P.A.), ASST della Valle Olona, Hospital of Gallarate, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (D.M.C., A.F.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), SOrsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy; Division of Pediatrics (Giovanni Crichiutti, V.D.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Italy; Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry (G.D.R.), Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F., T.G.., N.N., F.R., A.T.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; GALLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre (P.G., M.M., M.P.), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.G.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Unit of Pediatrics (L.G., C.P.), ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy; Institute of Neurology (R.I.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "AGemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories (M.L., F.M.), Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neurology Unit (Sara Mariotto), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (Sara Matricardi, Sabrina Siliquini), "GSalesi" Children's Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.P., E.C.T.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy; Pediatric Clinic (Salvatore Savasta, T.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy; Clinical Neurology (Alberto Vogrig), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.Z.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; U.O.CPediatria (S.B., S.R.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; Pediatric Neurology (A.O.), Pediatric University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry (Gaetano Cantalupo), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Italy; and Department of Neuroscience (Stefano Sartori), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Gastaldi
- From the Paediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit (M.N., I.T., Stefano Sartori), Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Group (M.N., L.Z., Stefano Sartori), Paediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (M.E.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry (Thea Giacomini, R.C., M.M.M.), Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy; Neuroscience Department (M.V., L.P., M.A.N.F.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (M.D.C., Antonio Varone), Pediatric Neurology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy; Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood (A.D.P.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Center (P.A.), ASST della Valle Olona, Hospital of Gallarate, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (D.M.C., A.F.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), SOrsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy; Division of Pediatrics (Giovanni Crichiutti, V.D.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Italy; Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry (G.D.R.), Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F., T.G.., N.N., F.R., A.T.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; GALLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre (P.G., M.M., M.P.), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.G.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Unit of Pediatrics (L.G., C.P.), ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy; Institute of Neurology (R.I.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "AGemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories (M.L., F.M.), Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neurology Unit (Sara Mariotto), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (Sara Matricardi, Sabrina Siliquini), "GSalesi" Children's Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.P., E.C.T.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy; Pediatric Clinic (Salvatore Savasta, T.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy; Clinical Neurology (Alberto Vogrig), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.Z.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; U.O.CPediatria (S.B., S.R.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; Pediatric Neurology (A.O.), Pediatric University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry (Gaetano Cantalupo), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Italy; and Department of Neuroscience (Stefano Sartori), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Tiziana Granata
- From the Paediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit (M.N., I.T., Stefano Sartori), Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Group (M.N., L.Z., Stefano Sartori), Paediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (M.E.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry (Thea Giacomini, R.C., M.M.M.), Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy; Neuroscience Department (M.V., L.P., M.A.N.F.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (M.D.C., Antonio Varone), Pediatric Neurology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy; Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood (A.D.P.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Center (P.A.), ASST della Valle Olona, Hospital of Gallarate, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (D.M.C., A.F.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), SOrsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy; Division of Pediatrics (Giovanni Crichiutti, V.D.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Italy; Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry (G.D.R.), Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F., T.G.., N.N., F.R., A.T.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; GALLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre (P.G., M.M., M.P.), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.G.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Unit of Pediatrics (L.G., C.P.), ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy; Institute of Neurology (R.I.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "AGemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories (M.L., F.M.), Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neurology Unit (Sara Mariotto), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (Sara Matricardi, Sabrina Siliquini), "GSalesi" Children's Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.P., E.C.T.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy; Pediatric Clinic (Salvatore Savasta, T.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy; Clinical Neurology (Alberto Vogrig), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.Z.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; U.O.CPediatria (S.B., S.R.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; Pediatric Neurology (A.O.), Pediatric University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry (Gaetano Cantalupo), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Italy; and Department of Neuroscience (Stefano Sartori), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Luisa Grazian
- From the Paediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit (M.N., I.T., Stefano Sartori), Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Group (M.N., L.Z., Stefano Sartori), Paediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (M.E.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry (Thea Giacomini, R.C., M.M.M.), Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy; Neuroscience Department (M.V., L.P., M.A.N.F.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (M.D.C., Antonio Varone), Pediatric Neurology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy; Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood (A.D.P.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Center (P.A.), ASST della Valle Olona, Hospital of Gallarate, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (D.M.C., A.F.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), SOrsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy; Division of Pediatrics (Giovanni Crichiutti, V.D.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Italy; Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry (G.D.R.), Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F., T.G.., N.N., F.R., A.T.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; GALLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre (P.G., M.M., M.P.), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.G.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Unit of Pediatrics (L.G., C.P.), ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy; Institute of Neurology (R.I.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "AGemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories (M.L., F.M.), Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neurology Unit (Sara Mariotto), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (Sara Matricardi, Sabrina Siliquini), "GSalesi" Children's Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.P., E.C.T.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy; Pediatric Clinic (Salvatore Savasta, T.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy; Clinical Neurology (Alberto Vogrig), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.Z.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; U.O.CPediatria (S.B., S.R.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; Pediatric Neurology (A.O.), Pediatric University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry (Gaetano Cantalupo), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Italy; and Department of Neuroscience (Stefano Sartori), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Raffaele Iorio
- From the Paediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit (M.N., I.T., Stefano Sartori), Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Group (M.N., L.Z., Stefano Sartori), Paediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (M.E.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry (Thea Giacomini, R.C., M.M.M.), Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy; Neuroscience Department (M.V., L.P., M.A.N.F.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (M.D.C., Antonio Varone), Pediatric Neurology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy; Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood (A.D.P.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Center (P.A.), ASST della Valle Olona, Hospital of Gallarate, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (D.M.C., A.F.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), SOrsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy; Division of Pediatrics (Giovanni Crichiutti, V.D.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Italy; Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry (G.D.R.), Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F., T.G.., N.N., F.R., A.T.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; GALLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre (P.G., M.M., M.P.), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.G.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Unit of Pediatrics (L.G., C.P.), ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy; Institute of Neurology (R.I.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "AGemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories (M.L., F.M.), Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neurology Unit (Sara Mariotto), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (Sara Matricardi, Sabrina Siliquini), "GSalesi" Children's Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.P., E.C.T.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy; Pediatric Clinic (Salvatore Savasta, T.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy; Clinical Neurology (Alberto Vogrig), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.Z.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; U.O.CPediatria (S.B., S.R.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; Pediatric Neurology (A.O.), Pediatric University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry (Gaetano Cantalupo), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Italy; and Department of Neuroscience (Stefano Sartori), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Lombardini
- From the Paediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit (M.N., I.T., Stefano Sartori), Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Group (M.N., L.Z., Stefano Sartori), Paediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (M.E.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry (Thea Giacomini, R.C., M.M.M.), Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy; Neuroscience Department (M.V., L.P., M.A.N.F.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (M.D.C., Antonio Varone), Pediatric Neurology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy; Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood (A.D.P.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Center (P.A.), ASST della Valle Olona, Hospital of Gallarate, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (D.M.C., A.F.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), SOrsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy; Division of Pediatrics (Giovanni Crichiutti, V.D.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Italy; Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry (G.D.R.), Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F., T.G.., N.N., F.R., A.T.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; GALLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre (P.G., M.M., M.P.), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.G.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Unit of Pediatrics (L.G., C.P.), ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy; Institute of Neurology (R.I.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "AGemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories (M.L., F.M.), Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neurology Unit (Sara Mariotto), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (Sara Matricardi, Sabrina Siliquini), "GSalesi" Children's Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.P., E.C.T.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy; Pediatric Clinic (Salvatore Savasta, T.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy; Clinical Neurology (Alberto Vogrig), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.Z.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; U.O.CPediatria (S.B., S.R.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; Pediatric Neurology (A.O.), Pediatric University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry (Gaetano Cantalupo), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Italy; and Department of Neuroscience (Stefano Sartori), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Monica Margoni
- From the Paediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit (M.N., I.T., Stefano Sartori), Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Group (M.N., L.Z., Stefano Sartori), Paediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (M.E.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry (Thea Giacomini, R.C., M.M.M.), Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy; Neuroscience Department (M.V., L.P., M.A.N.F.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (M.D.C., Antonio Varone), Pediatric Neurology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy; Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood (A.D.P.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Center (P.A.), ASST della Valle Olona, Hospital of Gallarate, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (D.M.C., A.F.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), SOrsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy; Division of Pediatrics (Giovanni Crichiutti, V.D.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Italy; Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry (G.D.R.), Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F., T.G.., N.N., F.R., A.T.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; GALLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre (P.G., M.M., M.P.), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.G.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Unit of Pediatrics (L.G., C.P.), ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy; Institute of Neurology (R.I.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "AGemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories (M.L., F.M.), Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neurology Unit (Sara Mariotto), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (Sara Matricardi, Sabrina Siliquini), "GSalesi" Children's Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.P., E.C.T.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy; Pediatric Clinic (Salvatore Savasta, T.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy; Clinical Neurology (Alberto Vogrig), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.Z.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; U.O.CPediatria (S.B., S.R.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; Pediatric Neurology (A.O.), Pediatric University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry (Gaetano Cantalupo), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Italy; and Department of Neuroscience (Stefano Sartori), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Mariotto
- From the Paediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit (M.N., I.T., Stefano Sartori), Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Group (M.N., L.Z., Stefano Sartori), Paediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (M.E.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry (Thea Giacomini, R.C., M.M.M.), Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy; Neuroscience Department (M.V., L.P., M.A.N.F.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (M.D.C., Antonio Varone), Pediatric Neurology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy; Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood (A.D.P.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Center (P.A.), ASST della Valle Olona, Hospital of Gallarate, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (D.M.C., A.F.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), SOrsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy; Division of Pediatrics (Giovanni Crichiutti, V.D.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Italy; Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry (G.D.R.), Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F., T.G.., N.N., F.R., A.T.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; GALLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre (P.G., M.M., M.P.), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.G.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Unit of Pediatrics (L.G., C.P.), ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy; Institute of Neurology (R.I.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "AGemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories (M.L., F.M.), Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neurology Unit (Sara Mariotto), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (Sara Matricardi, Sabrina Siliquini), "GSalesi" Children's Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.P., E.C.T.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy; Pediatric Clinic (Salvatore Savasta, T.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy; Clinical Neurology (Alberto Vogrig), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.Z.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; U.O.CPediatria (S.B., S.R.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; Pediatric Neurology (A.O.), Pediatric University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry (Gaetano Cantalupo), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Italy; and Department of Neuroscience (Stefano Sartori), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Matricardi
- From the Paediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit (M.N., I.T., Stefano Sartori), Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Group (M.N., L.Z., Stefano Sartori), Paediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (M.E.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry (Thea Giacomini, R.C., M.M.M.), Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy; Neuroscience Department (M.V., L.P., M.A.N.F.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (M.D.C., Antonio Varone), Pediatric Neurology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy; Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood (A.D.P.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Center (P.A.), ASST della Valle Olona, Hospital of Gallarate, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (D.M.C., A.F.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), SOrsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy; Division of Pediatrics (Giovanni Crichiutti, V.D.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Italy; Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry (G.D.R.), Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F., T.G.., N.N., F.R., A.T.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; GALLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre (P.G., M.M., M.P.), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.G.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Unit of Pediatrics (L.G., C.P.), ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy; Institute of Neurology (R.I.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "AGemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories (M.L., F.M.), Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neurology Unit (Sara Mariotto), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (Sara Matricardi, Sabrina Siliquini), "GSalesi" Children's Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.P., E.C.T.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy; Pediatric Clinic (Salvatore Savasta, T.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy; Clinical Neurology (Alberto Vogrig), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.Z.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; U.O.CPediatria (S.B., S.R.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; Pediatric Neurology (A.O.), Pediatric University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry (Gaetano Cantalupo), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Italy; and Department of Neuroscience (Stefano Sartori), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Federico Melani
- From the Paediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit (M.N., I.T., Stefano Sartori), Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Group (M.N., L.Z., Stefano Sartori), Paediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (M.E.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry (Thea Giacomini, R.C., M.M.M.), Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy; Neuroscience Department (M.V., L.P., M.A.N.F.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (M.D.C., Antonio Varone), Pediatric Neurology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy; Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood (A.D.P.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Center (P.A.), ASST della Valle Olona, Hospital of Gallarate, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (D.M.C., A.F.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), SOrsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy; Division of Pediatrics (Giovanni Crichiutti, V.D.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Italy; Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry (G.D.R.), Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F., T.G.., N.N., F.R., A.T.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; GALLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre (P.G., M.M., M.P.), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.G.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Unit of Pediatrics (L.G., C.P.), ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy; Institute of Neurology (R.I.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "AGemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories (M.L., F.M.), Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neurology Unit (Sara Mariotto), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (Sara Matricardi, Sabrina Siliquini), "GSalesi" Children's Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.P., E.C.T.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy; Pediatric Clinic (Salvatore Savasta, T.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy; Clinical Neurology (Alberto Vogrig), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.Z.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; U.O.CPediatria (S.B., S.R.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; Pediatric Neurology (A.O.), Pediatric University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry (Gaetano Cantalupo), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Italy; and Department of Neuroscience (Stefano Sartori), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Nardo Nardocci
- From the Paediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit (M.N., I.T., Stefano Sartori), Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Group (M.N., L.Z., Stefano Sartori), Paediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (M.E.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry (Thea Giacomini, R.C., M.M.M.), Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy; Neuroscience Department (M.V., L.P., M.A.N.F.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (M.D.C., Antonio Varone), Pediatric Neurology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy; Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood (A.D.P.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Center (P.A.), ASST della Valle Olona, Hospital of Gallarate, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (D.M.C., A.F.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), SOrsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy; Division of Pediatrics (Giovanni Crichiutti, V.D.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Italy; Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry (G.D.R.), Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F., T.G.., N.N., F.R., A.T.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; GALLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre (P.G., M.M., M.P.), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.G.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Unit of Pediatrics (L.G., C.P.), ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy; Institute of Neurology (R.I.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "AGemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories (M.L., F.M.), Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neurology Unit (Sara Mariotto), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (Sara Matricardi, Sabrina Siliquini), "GSalesi" Children's Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.P., E.C.T.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy; Pediatric Clinic (Salvatore Savasta, T.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy; Clinical Neurology (Alberto Vogrig), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.Z.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; U.O.CPediatria (S.B., S.R.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; Pediatric Neurology (A.O.), Pediatric University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry (Gaetano Cantalupo), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Italy; and Department of Neuroscience (Stefano Sartori), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Papetti
- From the Paediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit (M.N., I.T., Stefano Sartori), Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Group (M.N., L.Z., Stefano Sartori), Paediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (M.E.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry (Thea Giacomini, R.C., M.M.M.), Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy; Neuroscience Department (M.V., L.P., M.A.N.F.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (M.D.C., Antonio Varone), Pediatric Neurology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy; Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood (A.D.P.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Center (P.A.), ASST della Valle Olona, Hospital of Gallarate, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (D.M.C., A.F.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), SOrsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy; Division of Pediatrics (Giovanni Crichiutti, V.D.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Italy; Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry (G.D.R.), Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F., T.G.., N.N., F.R., A.T.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; GALLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre (P.G., M.M., M.P.), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.G.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Unit of Pediatrics (L.G., C.P.), ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy; Institute of Neurology (R.I.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "AGemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories (M.L., F.M.), Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neurology Unit (Sara Mariotto), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (Sara Matricardi, Sabrina Siliquini), "GSalesi" Children's Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.P., E.C.T.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy; Pediatric Clinic (Salvatore Savasta, T.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy; Clinical Neurology (Alberto Vogrig), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.Z.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; U.O.CPediatria (S.B., S.R.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; Pediatric Neurology (A.O.), Pediatric University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry (Gaetano Cantalupo), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Italy; and Department of Neuroscience (Stefano Sartori), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Alice Passarini
- From the Paediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit (M.N., I.T., Stefano Sartori), Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Group (M.N., L.Z., Stefano Sartori), Paediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (M.E.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry (Thea Giacomini, R.C., M.M.M.), Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy; Neuroscience Department (M.V., L.P., M.A.N.F.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (M.D.C., Antonio Varone), Pediatric Neurology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy; Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood (A.D.P.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Center (P.A.), ASST della Valle Olona, Hospital of Gallarate, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (D.M.C., A.F.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), SOrsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy; Division of Pediatrics (Giovanni Crichiutti, V.D.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Italy; Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry (G.D.R.), Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F., T.G.., N.N., F.R., A.T.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; GALLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre (P.G., M.M., M.P.), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.G.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Unit of Pediatrics (L.G., C.P.), ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy; Institute of Neurology (R.I.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "AGemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories (M.L., F.M.), Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neurology Unit (Sara Mariotto), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (Sara Matricardi, Sabrina Siliquini), "GSalesi" Children's Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.P., E.C.T.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy; Pediatric Clinic (Salvatore Savasta, T.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy; Clinical Neurology (Alberto Vogrig), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.Z.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; U.O.CPediatria (S.B., S.R.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; Pediatric Neurology (A.O.), Pediatric University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry (Gaetano Cantalupo), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Italy; and Department of Neuroscience (Stefano Sartori), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Pisani
- From the Paediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit (M.N., I.T., Stefano Sartori), Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Group (M.N., L.Z., Stefano Sartori), Paediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (M.E.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry (Thea Giacomini, R.C., M.M.M.), Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy; Neuroscience Department (M.V., L.P., M.A.N.F.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (M.D.C., Antonio Varone), Pediatric Neurology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy; Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood (A.D.P.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Center (P.A.), ASST della Valle Olona, Hospital of Gallarate, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (D.M.C., A.F.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), SOrsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy; Division of Pediatrics (Giovanni Crichiutti, V.D.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Italy; Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry (G.D.R.), Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F., T.G.., N.N., F.R., A.T.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; GALLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre (P.G., M.M., M.P.), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.G.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Unit of Pediatrics (L.G., C.P.), ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy; Institute of Neurology (R.I.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "AGemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories (M.L., F.M.), Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neurology Unit (Sara Mariotto), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (Sara Matricardi, Sabrina Siliquini), "GSalesi" Children's Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.P., E.C.T.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy; Pediatric Clinic (Salvatore Savasta, T.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy; Clinical Neurology (Alberto Vogrig), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.Z.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; U.O.CPediatria (S.B., S.R.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; Pediatric Neurology (A.O.), Pediatric University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry (Gaetano Cantalupo), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Italy; and Department of Neuroscience (Stefano Sartori), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Po'
- From the Paediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit (M.N., I.T., Stefano Sartori), Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Group (M.N., L.Z., Stefano Sartori), Paediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (M.E.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry (Thea Giacomini, R.C., M.M.M.), Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy; Neuroscience Department (M.V., L.P., M.A.N.F.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (M.D.C., Antonio Varone), Pediatric Neurology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy; Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood (A.D.P.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Center (P.A.), ASST della Valle Olona, Hospital of Gallarate, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (D.M.C., A.F.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), SOrsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy; Division of Pediatrics (Giovanni Crichiutti, V.D.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Italy; Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry (G.D.R.), Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F., T.G.., N.N., F.R., A.T.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; GALLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre (P.G., M.M., M.P.), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.G.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Unit of Pediatrics (L.G., C.P.), ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy; Institute of Neurology (R.I.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "AGemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories (M.L., F.M.), Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neurology Unit (Sara Mariotto), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (Sara Matricardi, Sabrina Siliquini), "GSalesi" Children's Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.P., E.C.T.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy; Pediatric Clinic (Salvatore Savasta, T.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy; Clinical Neurology (Alberto Vogrig), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.Z.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; U.O.CPediatria (S.B., S.R.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; Pediatric Neurology (A.O.), Pediatric University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry (Gaetano Cantalupo), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Italy; and Department of Neuroscience (Stefano Sartori), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Puthenparampil
- From the Paediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit (M.N., I.T., Stefano Sartori), Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Group (M.N., L.Z., Stefano Sartori), Paediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (M.E.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry (Thea Giacomini, R.C., M.M.M.), Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy; Neuroscience Department (M.V., L.P., M.A.N.F.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (M.D.C., Antonio Varone), Pediatric Neurology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy; Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood (A.D.P.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Center (P.A.), ASST della Valle Olona, Hospital of Gallarate, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (D.M.C., A.F.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), SOrsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy; Division of Pediatrics (Giovanni Crichiutti, V.D.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Italy; Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry (G.D.R.), Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F., T.G.., N.N., F.R., A.T.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; GALLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre (P.G., M.M., M.P.), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.G.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Unit of Pediatrics (L.G., C.P.), ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy; Institute of Neurology (R.I.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "AGemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories (M.L., F.M.), Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neurology Unit (Sara Mariotto), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (Sara Matricardi, Sabrina Siliquini), "GSalesi" Children's Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.P., E.C.T.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy; Pediatric Clinic (Salvatore Savasta, T.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy; Clinical Neurology (Alberto Vogrig), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.Z.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; U.O.CPediatria (S.B., S.R.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; Pediatric Neurology (A.O.), Pediatric University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry (Gaetano Cantalupo), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Italy; and Department of Neuroscience (Stefano Sartori), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Ragona
- From the Paediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit (M.N., I.T., Stefano Sartori), Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Group (M.N., L.Z., Stefano Sartori), Paediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (M.E.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry (Thea Giacomini, R.C., M.M.M.), Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy; Neuroscience Department (M.V., L.P., M.A.N.F.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (M.D.C., Antonio Varone), Pediatric Neurology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy; Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood (A.D.P.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Center (P.A.), ASST della Valle Olona, Hospital of Gallarate, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (D.M.C., A.F.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), SOrsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy; Division of Pediatrics (Giovanni Crichiutti, V.D.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Italy; Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry (G.D.R.), Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F., T.G.., N.N., F.R., A.T.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; GALLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre (P.G., M.M., M.P.), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.G.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Unit of Pediatrics (L.G., C.P.), ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy; Institute of Neurology (R.I.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "AGemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories (M.L., F.M.), Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neurology Unit (Sara Mariotto), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (Sara Matricardi, Sabrina Siliquini), "GSalesi" Children's Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.P., E.C.T.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy; Pediatric Clinic (Salvatore Savasta, T.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy; Clinical Neurology (Alberto Vogrig), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.Z.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; U.O.CPediatria (S.B., S.R.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; Pediatric Neurology (A.O.), Pediatric University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry (Gaetano Cantalupo), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Italy; and Department of Neuroscience (Stefano Sartori), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Salvatore Savasta
- From the Paediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit (M.N., I.T., Stefano Sartori), Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Group (M.N., L.Z., Stefano Sartori), Paediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (M.E.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry (Thea Giacomini, R.C., M.M.M.), Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy; Neuroscience Department (M.V., L.P., M.A.N.F.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (M.D.C., Antonio Varone), Pediatric Neurology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy; Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood (A.D.P.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Center (P.A.), ASST della Valle Olona, Hospital of Gallarate, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (D.M.C., A.F.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), SOrsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy; Division of Pediatrics (Giovanni Crichiutti, V.D.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Italy; Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry (G.D.R.), Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F., T.G.., N.N., F.R., A.T.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; GALLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre (P.G., M.M., M.P.), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.G.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Unit of Pediatrics (L.G., C.P.), ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy; Institute of Neurology (R.I.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "AGemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories (M.L., F.M.), Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neurology Unit (Sara Mariotto), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (Sara Matricardi, Sabrina Siliquini), "GSalesi" Children's Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.P., E.C.T.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy; Pediatric Clinic (Salvatore Savasta, T.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy; Clinical Neurology (Alberto Vogrig), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.Z.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; U.O.CPediatria (S.B., S.R.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; Pediatric Neurology (A.O.), Pediatric University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry (Gaetano Cantalupo), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Italy; and Department of Neuroscience (Stefano Sartori), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Sabrina Siliquini
- From the Paediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit (M.N., I.T., Stefano Sartori), Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Group (M.N., L.Z., Stefano Sartori), Paediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (M.E.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry (Thea Giacomini, R.C., M.M.M.), Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy; Neuroscience Department (M.V., L.P., M.A.N.F.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (M.D.C., Antonio Varone), Pediatric Neurology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy; Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood (A.D.P.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Center (P.A.), ASST della Valle Olona, Hospital of Gallarate, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (D.M.C., A.F.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), SOrsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy; Division of Pediatrics (Giovanni Crichiutti, V.D.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Italy; Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry (G.D.R.), Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F., T.G.., N.N., F.R., A.T.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; GALLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre (P.G., M.M., M.P.), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.G.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Unit of Pediatrics (L.G., C.P.), ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy; Institute of Neurology (R.I.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "AGemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories (M.L., F.M.), Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neurology Unit (Sara Mariotto), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (Sara Matricardi, Sabrina Siliquini), "GSalesi" Children's Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.P., E.C.T.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy; Pediatric Clinic (Salvatore Savasta, T.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy; Clinical Neurology (Alberto Vogrig), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.Z.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; U.O.CPediatria (S.B., S.R.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; Pediatric Neurology (A.O.), Pediatric University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry (Gaetano Cantalupo), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Italy; and Department of Neuroscience (Stefano Sartori), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Irene Toldo
- From the Paediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit (M.N., I.T., Stefano Sartori), Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Group (M.N., L.Z., Stefano Sartori), Paediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (M.E.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry (Thea Giacomini, R.C., M.M.M.), Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy; Neuroscience Department (M.V., L.P., M.A.N.F.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (M.D.C., Antonio Varone), Pediatric Neurology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy; Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood (A.D.P.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Center (P.A.), ASST della Valle Olona, Hospital of Gallarate, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (D.M.C., A.F.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), SOrsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy; Division of Pediatrics (Giovanni Crichiutti, V.D.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Italy; Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry (G.D.R.), Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F., T.G.., N.N., F.R., A.T.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; GALLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre (P.G., M.M., M.P.), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.G.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Unit of Pediatrics (L.G., C.P.), ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy; Institute of Neurology (R.I.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "AGemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories (M.L., F.M.), Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neurology Unit (Sara Mariotto), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (Sara Matricardi, Sabrina Siliquini), "GSalesi" Children's Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.P., E.C.T.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy; Pediatric Clinic (Salvatore Savasta, T.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy; Clinical Neurology (Alberto Vogrig), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.Z.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; U.O.CPediatria (S.B., S.R.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; Pediatric Neurology (A.O.), Pediatric University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry (Gaetano Cantalupo), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Italy; and Department of Neuroscience (Stefano Sartori), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Tozzo
- From the Paediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit (M.N., I.T., Stefano Sartori), Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Group (M.N., L.Z., Stefano Sartori), Paediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (M.E.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry (Thea Giacomini, R.C., M.M.M.), Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy; Neuroscience Department (M.V., L.P., M.A.N.F.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (M.D.C., Antonio Varone), Pediatric Neurology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy; Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood (A.D.P.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Center (P.A.), ASST della Valle Olona, Hospital of Gallarate, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (D.M.C., A.F.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), SOrsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy; Division of Pediatrics (Giovanni Crichiutti, V.D.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Italy; Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry (G.D.R.), Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F., T.G.., N.N., F.R., A.T.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; GALLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre (P.G., M.M., M.P.), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.G.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Unit of Pediatrics (L.G., C.P.), ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy; Institute of Neurology (R.I.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "AGemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories (M.L., F.M.), Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neurology Unit (Sara Mariotto), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (Sara Matricardi, Sabrina Siliquini), "GSalesi" Children's Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.P., E.C.T.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy; Pediatric Clinic (Salvatore Savasta, T.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy; Clinical Neurology (Alberto Vogrig), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.Z.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; U.O.CPediatria (S.B., S.R.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; Pediatric Neurology (A.O.), Pediatric University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry (Gaetano Cantalupo), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Italy; and Department of Neuroscience (Stefano Sartori), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Emanuela Claudia Turco
- From the Paediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit (M.N., I.T., Stefano Sartori), Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Group (M.N., L.Z., Stefano Sartori), Paediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (M.E.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry (Thea Giacomini, R.C., M.M.M.), Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy; Neuroscience Department (M.V., L.P., M.A.N.F.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (M.D.C., Antonio Varone), Pediatric Neurology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy; Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood (A.D.P.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Center (P.A.), ASST della Valle Olona, Hospital of Gallarate, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (D.M.C., A.F.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), SOrsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy; Division of Pediatrics (Giovanni Crichiutti, V.D.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Italy; Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry (G.D.R.), Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F., T.G.., N.N., F.R., A.T.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; GALLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre (P.G., M.M., M.P.), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.G.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Unit of Pediatrics (L.G., C.P.), ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy; Institute of Neurology (R.I.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "AGemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories (M.L., F.M.), Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neurology Unit (Sara Mariotto), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (Sara Matricardi, Sabrina Siliquini), "GSalesi" Children's Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.P., E.C.T.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy; Pediatric Clinic (Salvatore Savasta, T.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy; Clinical Neurology (Alberto Vogrig), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.Z.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; U.O.CPediatria (S.B., S.R.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; Pediatric Neurology (A.O.), Pediatric University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry (Gaetano Cantalupo), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Italy; and Department of Neuroscience (Stefano Sartori), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Varone
- From the Paediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit (M.N., I.T., Stefano Sartori), Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Group (M.N., L.Z., Stefano Sartori), Paediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (M.E.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry (Thea Giacomini, R.C., M.M.M.), Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy; Neuroscience Department (M.V., L.P., M.A.N.F.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (M.D.C., Antonio Varone), Pediatric Neurology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy; Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood (A.D.P.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Center (P.A.), ASST della Valle Olona, Hospital of Gallarate, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (D.M.C., A.F.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), SOrsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy; Division of Pediatrics (Giovanni Crichiutti, V.D.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Italy; Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry (G.D.R.), Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F., T.G.., N.N., F.R., A.T.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; GALLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre (P.G., M.M., M.P.), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.G.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Unit of Pediatrics (L.G., C.P.), ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy; Institute of Neurology (R.I.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "AGemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories (M.L., F.M.), Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neurology Unit (Sara Mariotto), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (Sara Matricardi, Sabrina Siliquini), "GSalesi" Children's Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.P., E.C.T.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy; Pediatric Clinic (Salvatore Savasta, T.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy; Clinical Neurology (Alberto Vogrig), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.Z.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; U.O.CPediatria (S.B., S.R.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; Pediatric Neurology (A.O.), Pediatric University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry (Gaetano Cantalupo), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Italy; and Department of Neuroscience (Stefano Sartori), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Vogrig
- From the Paediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit (M.N., I.T., Stefano Sartori), Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Group (M.N., L.Z., Stefano Sartori), Paediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (M.E.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry (Thea Giacomini, R.C., M.M.M.), Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy; Neuroscience Department (M.V., L.P., M.A.N.F.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (M.D.C., Antonio Varone), Pediatric Neurology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy; Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood (A.D.P.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Center (P.A.), ASST della Valle Olona, Hospital of Gallarate, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (D.M.C., A.F.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), SOrsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy; Division of Pediatrics (Giovanni Crichiutti, V.D.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Italy; Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry (G.D.R.), Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F., T.G.., N.N., F.R., A.T.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; GALLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre (P.G., M.M., M.P.), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.G.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Unit of Pediatrics (L.G., C.P.), ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy; Institute of Neurology (R.I.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "AGemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories (M.L., F.M.), Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neurology Unit (Sara Mariotto), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (Sara Matricardi, Sabrina Siliquini), "GSalesi" Children's Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.P., E.C.T.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy; Pediatric Clinic (Salvatore Savasta, T.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy; Clinical Neurology (Alberto Vogrig), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.Z.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; U.O.CPediatria (S.B., S.R.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; Pediatric Neurology (A.O.), Pediatric University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry (Gaetano Cantalupo), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Italy; and Department of Neuroscience (Stefano Sartori), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Luigi Zuliani
- From the Paediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit (M.N., I.T., Stefano Sartori), Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Group (M.N., L.Z., Stefano Sartori), Paediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (M.E.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry (Thea Giacomini, R.C., M.M.M.), Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy; Neuroscience Department (M.V., L.P., M.A.N.F.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (M.D.C., Antonio Varone), Pediatric Neurology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy; Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood (A.D.P.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Center (P.A.), ASST della Valle Olona, Hospital of Gallarate, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (D.M.C., A.F.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), SOrsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy; Division of Pediatrics (Giovanni Crichiutti, V.D.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Italy; Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry (G.D.R.), Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F., T.G.., N.N., F.R., A.T.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; GALLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre (P.G., M.M., M.P.), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.G.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Unit of Pediatrics (L.G., C.P.), ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy; Institute of Neurology (R.I.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "AGemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories (M.L., F.M.), Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neurology Unit (Sara Mariotto), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (Sara Matricardi, Sabrina Siliquini), "GSalesi" Children's Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.P., E.C.T.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy; Pediatric Clinic (Salvatore Savasta, T.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy; Clinical Neurology (Alberto Vogrig), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.Z.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; U.O.CPediatria (S.B., S.R.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; Pediatric Neurology (A.O.), Pediatric University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry (Gaetano Cantalupo), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Italy; and Department of Neuroscience (Stefano Sartori), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Samuela Bugin
- From the Paediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit (M.N., I.T., Stefano Sartori), Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Group (M.N., L.Z., Stefano Sartori), Paediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (M.E.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry (Thea Giacomini, R.C., M.M.M.), Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy; Neuroscience Department (M.V., L.P., M.A.N.F.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (M.D.C., Antonio Varone), Pediatric Neurology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy; Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood (A.D.P.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Center (P.A.), ASST della Valle Olona, Hospital of Gallarate, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (D.M.C., A.F.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), SOrsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy; Division of Pediatrics (Giovanni Crichiutti, V.D.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Italy; Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry (G.D.R.), Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F., T.G.., N.N., F.R., A.T.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; GALLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre (P.G., M.M., M.P.), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.G.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Unit of Pediatrics (L.G., C.P.), ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy; Institute of Neurology (R.I.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "AGemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories (M.L., F.M.), Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neurology Unit (Sara Mariotto), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (Sara Matricardi, Sabrina Siliquini), "GSalesi" Children's Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.P., E.C.T.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy; Pediatric Clinic (Salvatore Savasta, T.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy; Clinical Neurology (Alberto Vogrig), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.Z.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; U.O.CPediatria (S.B., S.R.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; Pediatric Neurology (A.O.), Pediatric University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry (Gaetano Cantalupo), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Italy; and Department of Neuroscience (Stefano Sartori), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Rossato
- From the Paediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit (M.N., I.T., Stefano Sartori), Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Group (M.N., L.Z., Stefano Sartori), Paediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (M.E.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry (Thea Giacomini, R.C., M.M.M.), Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy; Neuroscience Department (M.V., L.P., M.A.N.F.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (M.D.C., Antonio Varone), Pediatric Neurology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy; Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood (A.D.P.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Center (P.A.), ASST della Valle Olona, Hospital of Gallarate, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (D.M.C., A.F.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), SOrsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy; Division of Pediatrics (Giovanni Crichiutti, V.D.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Italy; Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry (G.D.R.), Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F., T.G.., N.N., F.R., A.T.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; GALLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre (P.G., M.M., M.P.), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.G.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Unit of Pediatrics (L.G., C.P.), ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy; Institute of Neurology (R.I.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "AGemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories (M.L., F.M.), Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neurology Unit (Sara Mariotto), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (Sara Matricardi, Sabrina Siliquini), "GSalesi" Children's Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.P., E.C.T.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy; Pediatric Clinic (Salvatore Savasta, T.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy; Clinical Neurology (Alberto Vogrig), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.Z.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; U.O.CPediatria (S.B., S.R.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; Pediatric Neurology (A.O.), Pediatric University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry (Gaetano Cantalupo), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Italy; and Department of Neuroscience (Stefano Sartori), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Orsini
- From the Paediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit (M.N., I.T., Stefano Sartori), Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Group (M.N., L.Z., Stefano Sartori), Paediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (M.E.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry (Thea Giacomini, R.C., M.M.M.), Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy; Neuroscience Department (M.V., L.P., M.A.N.F.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (M.D.C., Antonio Varone), Pediatric Neurology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy; Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood (A.D.P.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Center (P.A.), ASST della Valle Olona, Hospital of Gallarate, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (D.M.C., A.F.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), SOrsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy; Division of Pediatrics (Giovanni Crichiutti, V.D.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Italy; Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry (G.D.R.), Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F., T.G.., N.N., F.R., A.T.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; GALLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre (P.G., M.M., M.P.), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.G.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Unit of Pediatrics (L.G., C.P.), ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy; Institute of Neurology (R.I.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "AGemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories (M.L., F.M.), Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neurology Unit (Sara Mariotto), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (Sara Matricardi, Sabrina Siliquini), "GSalesi" Children's Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.P., E.C.T.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy; Pediatric Clinic (Salvatore Savasta, T.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy; Clinical Neurology (Alberto Vogrig), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.Z.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; U.O.CPediatria (S.B., S.R.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; Pediatric Neurology (A.O.), Pediatric University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry (Gaetano Cantalupo), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Italy; and Department of Neuroscience (Stefano Sartori), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Gaetano Cantalupo
- From the Paediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit (M.N., I.T., Stefano Sartori), Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Group (M.N., L.Z., Stefano Sartori), Paediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (M.E.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry (Thea Giacomini, R.C., M.M.M.), Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy; Neuroscience Department (M.V., L.P., M.A.N.F.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (M.D.C., Antonio Varone), Pediatric Neurology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy; Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood (A.D.P.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Center (P.A.), ASST della Valle Olona, Hospital of Gallarate, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (D.M.C., A.F.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), SOrsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy; Division of Pediatrics (Giovanni Crichiutti, V.D.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Italy; Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry (G.D.R.), Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F., T.G.., N.N., F.R., A.T.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; GALLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre (P.G., M.M., M.P.), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.G.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Unit of Pediatrics (L.G., C.P.), ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy; Institute of Neurology (R.I.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "AGemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories (M.L., F.M.), Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neurology Unit (Sara Mariotto), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (Sara Matricardi, Sabrina Siliquini), "GSalesi" Children's Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.P., E.C.T.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy; Pediatric Clinic (Salvatore Savasta, T.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy; Clinical Neurology (Alberto Vogrig), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.Z.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; U.O.CPediatria (S.B., S.R.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; Pediatric Neurology (A.O.), Pediatric University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry (Gaetano Cantalupo), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Italy; and Department of Neuroscience (Stefano Sartori), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Margherita Mancardi
- From the Paediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit (M.N., I.T., Stefano Sartori), Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Group (M.N., L.Z., Stefano Sartori), Paediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (M.E.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry (Thea Giacomini, R.C., M.M.M.), Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy; Neuroscience Department (M.V., L.P., M.A.N.F.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (M.D.C., Antonio Varone), Pediatric Neurology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy; Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood (A.D.P.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Center (P.A.), ASST della Valle Olona, Hospital of Gallarate, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (D.M.C., A.F.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), SOrsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy; Division of Pediatrics (Giovanni Crichiutti, V.D.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Italy; Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry (G.D.R.), Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F., T.G.., N.N., F.R., A.T.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; GALLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre (P.G., M.M., M.P.), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.G.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Unit of Pediatrics (L.G., C.P.), ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy; Institute of Neurology (R.I.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "AGemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories (M.L., F.M.), Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neurology Unit (Sara Mariotto), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (Sara Matricardi, Sabrina Siliquini), "GSalesi" Children's Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.P., E.C.T.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy; Pediatric Clinic (Salvatore Savasta, T.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy; Clinical Neurology (Alberto Vogrig), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.Z.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; U.O.CPediatria (S.B., S.R.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; Pediatric Neurology (A.O.), Pediatric University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry (Gaetano Cantalupo), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Italy; and Department of Neuroscience (Stefano Sartori), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Michela Ada Noris Ferilli
- From the Paediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit (M.N., I.T., Stefano Sartori), Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Group (M.N., L.Z., Stefano Sartori), Paediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (M.E.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry (Thea Giacomini, R.C., M.M.M.), Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy; Neuroscience Department (M.V., L.P., M.A.N.F.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (M.D.C., Antonio Varone), Pediatric Neurology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy; Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood (A.D.P.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Center (P.A.), ASST della Valle Olona, Hospital of Gallarate, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (D.M.C., A.F.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), SOrsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy; Division of Pediatrics (Giovanni Crichiutti, V.D.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Italy; Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry (G.D.R.), Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F., T.G.., N.N., F.R., A.T.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; GALLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre (P.G., M.M., M.P.), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.G.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Unit of Pediatrics (L.G., C.P.), ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy; Institute of Neurology (R.I.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "AGemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories (M.L., F.M.), Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neurology Unit (Sara Mariotto), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (Sara Matricardi, Sabrina Siliquini), "GSalesi" Children's Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.P., E.C.T.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy; Pediatric Clinic (Salvatore Savasta, T.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy; Clinical Neurology (Alberto Vogrig), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.Z.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; U.O.CPediatria (S.B., S.R.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; Pediatric Neurology (A.O.), Pediatric University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry (Gaetano Cantalupo), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Italy; and Department of Neuroscience (Stefano Sartori), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Thomas Foiadelli
- From the Paediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit (M.N., I.T., Stefano Sartori), Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Group (M.N., L.Z., Stefano Sartori), Paediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (M.E.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry (Thea Giacomini, R.C., M.M.M.), Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy; Neuroscience Department (M.V., L.P., M.A.N.F.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (M.D.C., Antonio Varone), Pediatric Neurology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy; Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood (A.D.P.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Center (P.A.), ASST della Valle Olona, Hospital of Gallarate, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (D.M.C., A.F.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), SOrsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy; Division of Pediatrics (Giovanni Crichiutti, V.D.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Italy; Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry (G.D.R.), Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F., T.G.., N.N., F.R., A.T.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; GALLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre (P.G., M.M., M.P.), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.G.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Unit of Pediatrics (L.G., C.P.), ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy; Institute of Neurology (R.I.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "AGemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories (M.L., F.M.), Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neurology Unit (Sara Mariotto), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (Sara Matricardi, Sabrina Siliquini), "GSalesi" Children's Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.P., E.C.T.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy; Pediatric Clinic (Salvatore Savasta, T.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy; Clinical Neurology (Alberto Vogrig), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.Z.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; U.O.CPediatria (S.B., S.R.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; Pediatric Neurology (A.O.), Pediatric University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry (Gaetano Cantalupo), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Italy; and Department of Neuroscience (Stefano Sartori), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Sartori
- From the Paediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit (M.N., I.T., Stefano Sartori), Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Group (M.N., L.Z., Stefano Sartori), Paediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (M.E.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry (Thea Giacomini, R.C., M.M.M.), Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy; Neuroscience Department (M.V., L.P., M.A.N.F.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (M.D.C., Antonio Varone), Pediatric Neurology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy; Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood (A.D.P.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Center (P.A.), ASST della Valle Olona, Hospital of Gallarate, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (D.M.C., A.F.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), SOrsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy; Division of Pediatrics (Giovanni Crichiutti, V.D.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Italy; Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry (G.D.R.), Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F., T.G.., N.N., F.R., A.T.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; GALLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre (P.G., M.M., M.P.), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.G.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Unit of Pediatrics (L.G., C.P.), ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy; Institute of Neurology (R.I.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "AGemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories (M.L., F.M.), Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neurology Unit (Sara Mariotto), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (Sara Matricardi, Sabrina Siliquini), "GSalesi" Children's Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.P., E.C.T.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy; Pediatric Clinic (Salvatore Savasta, T.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy; Clinical Neurology (Alberto Vogrig), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.Z.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; U.O.CPediatria (S.B., S.R.), Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; Pediatric Neurology (A.O.), Pediatric University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry (Gaetano Cantalupo), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Italy; and Department of Neuroscience (Stefano Sartori), University of Padova, Italy
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Apostolos-Pereira SL, Campos Ferreira L, Boaventura M, de Carvalho Sousa NA, Joca Martins G, d'Almeida JA, Pitombeira M, Silvestre Mendes L, Fukuda T, Souza Cabeça HL, Chaves Rocha L, Santos de Oliveira B, Vieira Stella CR, Lobato de Oliveira EM, de Souza Amorim L, Ferrari de Castro A, Pereira Gomes Neto A, Diogo Silva G, Bueno L, de Morais Machado M, Castello Dias-Carneiro R, Maciel Dias R, Porto Moreira A, Piccolo A, Kuntz Grzesiuk A, Muniz A, Diniz Disserol C, Ferreira Vasconcelos C, Kaimen-Maciel D, Sisterolli Diniz D, Comini-Frota E, Coronetti Rocha F, Cruz Dos Santos GA, Dadalti Fragoso Y, Sciascia do Olival G, Ruocco HH, Siqueira HH, Sato HK, Figueiredo JA, Cortoni Calia L, Teixeira Dourado ME, Scolari L, Ribeiro Soares Neto H, Melges L, Magno Gonçalves MV, Vellutini Pimentel ML, de Castro Ribeiro M, Gurrola Arambula O, Diniz da Gama P, Leite Menon R, Barbosa Thomaz R, de Rizo Morales R, Sobreira S, Machado SN, Gonsalves Jubé Ribeiro T, Coelho Santa Rita Pereira V, Maia Costa V, da Nóbrega Junior AW, Vieira Alves-Leon S, Mamprim de Morais Perin M, Donadi E, Adoni T, Gomes S, Brito Ferreira M, Callegaro D, Mendes MF, Brum D, von Glehn F. Clinical Features of COVID-19 on Patients With Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders. NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2021; 8:8/6/e1060. [PMID: 34446434 PMCID: PMC8404206 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000001060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives To describe the clinical features and disease outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Methods The Neuroimmunology Brazilian Study Group has set up the report of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV2) cases in patients with NMOSD (pwNMOSD) using a designed web-based case report form. All neuroimmunology outpatient centers and individual neurologists were invited to register their patients across the country. Data collected between March 19 and July 25, 2020, were uploaded at the REDONE.br platform. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) NMOSD diagnosis according to the 2015 International Panel Criteria and (2) confirmed SARS-CoV2 infection (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction or serology) or clinical suspicion of COVID-19, diagnosed according to Center for Disease Control / Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CDC/CSTE) case definition. Demographic and NMOSD-related clinical data, comorbidities, disease-modifying therapy (DMT), COVID-19 clinical features, and severity were described. Results Among the 2,061 pwNMOSD followed up by Brazilian neurologists involved on the registry of COVID-19 in pwNMOSD at the REDONE.br platform, 34 patients (29 women) aged 37 years (range 8–77), with disease onset at 31 years (range 4–69) and disease duration of 6 years (range 0.2–20.5), developed COVID-19 (18 confirmed and 16 probable cases). Most patients exhibited mild disease, being treated at home (77%); 4 patients required admission at intensive care units (severe cases); and 1 patient died. Five of 34 (15%) presented neurologic manifestations (relapse or pseudoexacerbation) during or after SARS-CoV2 infection. Discussion Most NMOSD patients with COVID-19 presented mild disease forms. However, pwNMOSD had much higher odds of hospitalization and intensive care unit admission comparing with the general Brazilian population. The frequency of death was not clearly different. NMOSD disability, DMT type, and comorbidities were not associated with COVID-19 outcome. SARS-CoV2 infection was demonstrated as a risk factor for NMOSD relapses. Collaborative studies using shared NMOSD data are needed to suitably define factors related to COVID-19 severity and neurologic manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Luisa Apostolos-Pereira
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Lis Campos Ferreira
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Mateus Boaventura
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Nise Alessandra de Carvalho Sousa
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Joca Martins
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - José Arthur d'Almeida
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Milena Pitombeira
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Lucas Silvestre Mendes
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Thiago Fukuda
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Hideraldo Luíz Souza Cabeça
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Luciano Chaves Rocha
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Bianca Santos de Oliveira
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Carla Renata Vieira Stella
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Enedina Maria Lobato de Oliveira
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Leizian de Souza Amorim
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Andréa Ferrari de Castro
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Antonio Pereira Gomes Neto
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Diogo Silva
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Lucas Bueno
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Maria de Morais Machado
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Rafael Castello Dias-Carneiro
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Maciel Dias
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Porto Moreira
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Ana Piccolo
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Anderson Kuntz Grzesiuk
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Andre Muniz
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Caio Diniz Disserol
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Claudia Ferreira Vasconcelos
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Damacio Kaimen-Maciel
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Denise Sisterolli Diniz
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Comini-Frota
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Fernando Coronetti Rocha
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Gutemberg Augusto Cruz Dos Santos
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Yara Dadalti Fragoso
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Sciascia do Olival
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Heloisa Helena Ruocco
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Heloise Helena Siqueira
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Henry Koity Sato
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - José Alexandre Figueiredo
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Leandro Cortoni Calia
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Mario Emilio Teixeira Dourado
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Letícia Scolari
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Herval Ribeiro Soares Neto
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Luiz Melges
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Magno Gonçalves
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Maria Lucia Vellutini Pimentel
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Marlise de Castro Ribeiro
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Omar Gurrola Arambula
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Paulo Diniz da Gama
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Renata Leite Menon
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Barbosa Thomaz
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Rogério de Rizo Morales
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Silvana Sobreira
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Suzana Nunes Machado
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Taysa Gonsalves Jubé Ribeiro
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Valéria Coelho Santa Rita Pereira
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Maia Costa
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Adaucto Wanderley da Nóbrega Junior
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Soniza Vieira Alves-Leon
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Marilia Mamprim de Morais Perin
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Donadi
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Tarso Adoni
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Sidney Gomes
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Maria Brito Ferreira
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Dagoberto Callegaro
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda Mendes
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Doralina Brum
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Felipe von Glehn
- From the Hospital das Clínicas (S.L.A., M.B., G.D.S., L.B., C.C.D.D., D.C.), FM-USP, São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Univ. Tiradentes (L.C.F.), Aracaju; Hospital Univ. Getúlio Vargas (N.A.d.C.S.), Manaus; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (G.J.M., J.A.d.A., M.S.P., L.S.M.); Universidade Federal da Bahia/Ebserh (T.F.), Salvador; Hospital Ophir Loyola (H.L.S., L.C.R.), Belém; FUNAD (B.E.S.), João Pessoa; UNICAMP (C.R.A.), Campinas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (E.M.L., L.d.S.A.), UNIFESP; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (A.A.F.d.C., Y.D.F.); Santa Casa (A.P.G.), Belo Horizonte; Hospital da Restauração (M.I.d.M., A.J.P.), Recife; Santa Casa (R.P.C., M.F.M.), São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (R.M.D.), Brasília; Hospital Santa Marcelina (A.C.P.), São Paulo; Private Service (A.K.), Cuiabá; Clínica AMO (A.M.), Salvador; Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle (C.C.F.V.), Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa (D.R.K.M.), Londrina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (D.S.D.), Goiânia; Private Service (E.R.C.-F.), Belo Horizonte; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (F.C.G.D.R, D.G.B.), UNESP; Santa Casa and ABEM-Assoc. Brasileira de Esclerose Múltipla (G.S.d.O.), São Paulo; Universidade Estácio de Sá and Universidade Federal Fluminenses (G.A.C.), Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense (H.H.R.), Campinas; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (H.H.S., J.A.F., L.S.), Cuiabá; Private Service (H.K.S.), Curitiba; IAMSPE (H.R.S.N.), São Paulo; Private Service (L.C.C.), São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (L.D.M.); Univ. da Região de Joinville (Univille) (M.V.M.G.); Santa Casa (M.L.V.P.), Rio de Janeiro; Univ. Federal R G Norte (M.E.T.D.), Natal; Univ. Federal Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (M.d.C.R.); PUC (P.D.d.G.), Sorocaba; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (R.B.T.), São Paulo; Univ. Federal de Uberlândia (R.d.R.M.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa (S.G.), São Paulo; Hospital Memorial São José (S.S.), rede D'OR, Recife; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (S.N.M., V.C.S.R.P.); Private Service (S.N.M.), Florianópolis; Univ. Federal de Goiás (T.A.G.J.R.), Goiânia; Hospital Neurológico de Goiânia (V.M.C.); Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (M.M.d.M.P.); Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (A.W.d.N.J.), Florianópolis; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (E.A.D.), USP; Hospital Sírio-Libanês (T.A.), São Paulo; and Faculty of Medicine (F.v.G.), University of Brasilia, Brazil.
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