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Rauf N, Park S, Zaidi A, Malik A, Atif N, Surkan PJ. Self-reported problems and functional difficulties in anxious pregnant women in Pakistan: The use of a patient-generated mental health outcome measure. Transcult Psychiatry 2024:13634615241250206. [PMID: 38766864 DOI: 10.1177/13634615241250206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Anxiety during pregnancy affects women worldwide and is highly prevalent in Pakistan. The Psychological Outcome Profiles (PSYCHLOPS) questionnaire is an instrument used in therapy to assess patient-generated problems and the consequent functional difficulties. Using the PSYCHLOPS, we aimed to describe the type of problems and the consequent functional difficulties faced by anxious pregnant women in Pakistan. Secondarily, we sought to explore if a cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)-based intervention brought about changes in the severity score for certain problems or functional difficulties. Anxious pregnant women were recruited from the Obstetrics/Gynecology Department of a tertiary hospital in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Of 600 pregnant women randomized to receive a psychosocial intervention for prenatal anxiety delivered by non-specialist providers, 450 received ≥1 intervention session and were administered the PSYCHLOPS. Eight types of problems were identified; worries about the unborn baby's health and development (23%), concerns about family members (13%), and financial constraints (12%) were the most frequently reported primary problems. Severity scores between baseline and the last available therapy session indicated the largest decrease for relationship problems (mean = 2.4) and for concerns about family members (mean = 2.2). For functional difficulties, 45% of the participants reported difficulties in performing household chores, but the intervention showed the greatest decrease in severity scores for mental or emotional functional difficulties. Focus on certain types of patient-generated problems, e.g., relationship problems, could anchor therapy delivery in order to have the greatest impact. Tailored CBT-based intervention sessions have the potential to address important but neglected problems and functional difficulties in anxious pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Rauf
- Human Development Research Foundation, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Soim Park
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ahmed Zaidi
- Human Development Research Foundation, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abid Malik
- Human Development Research Foundation, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Public Mental Health, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Najia Atif
- Human Development Research Foundation, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Pamela J Surkan
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Hutchinson J, Cassidy T. Well-being, self-esteem and body satisfaction in new mothers. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2022; 40:532-546. [PMID: 33877938 DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2021.1916452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND How mother's recall their experience of childbirth, their concerns about body image, their sense of competence in parenting, and their combined sense of self-esteem are all factors with the potential to impact on mental well-being. METHOD A total of 234 women, who had given birth within the past 3 years, completed a survey comprised of the Birth Memories and Recall Questionnaire, the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale, the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Questionnaire and the Body Shape Questionnaire. RESULTS Mothers who have higher body dissatisfaction show significantly lower well-being, self-esteem and perceived parenting competence. Mothers who experienced higher levels of mental well-being were found to have higher levels of perceived parenting competence and self-esteem, and those who experienced higher levels of self-esteem were also found to have higher levels of perceived parenting competence. CONCLUSION Memories of the birth experience, perceived postpartum body image, parenting sense of competence and self-esteem have a combined and complex relationship with mental well-being. Health care professionals should inform mothers about the body changes which may occur throughout the postpartum period, to encourage mothers not to be deceived by media images and to stress the importance of realistic expectations following giving birth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tony Cassidy
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, N Ireland
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Şafak Öztürk C, Kaya Odabaş R, Sökmen Y, Taşpinar A. The Relationship between Nausea-Vomiting during Pregnancy and Attachment Styles, Marital Adjustment, and Ways of Coping. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2022; 49:65-76. [PMID: 35531669 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2022.2073302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (NVP) and attachment styles in close relationships, marital adjustment, and ways of coping with stress. This study was performed in 2019 as an analytic case-control design. The study group consists of 60 pregnant women hospitalized with a nausea-vomiting/hyperemesis gravidarum diagnosis. The control group is composed of 64 pregnant women who applied for gynecology polyclinic for routine control. The participants were applied Pregnancy-Information Form, Experiences in Close Relationships Scale-Revised (ECR-R), Marital Adjustment Test (MAT), and Coping Styles Inventory (CSI). It was observed that the scores of the pregnant women in the study group from the helpless approach subscale of CSI were significantly higher than the control group and no significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of other scale scores. A negative correlation was found between the perceived severity of nausea and the seeking social support subscale of CSI in the study group. The study revealed findings that support the biopsychosocial approach to the etiology of NVP and showed that the women with NVP use a helpless approach in coping with stress and apply seeking social support as the severity of nausea decreases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cennet Şafak Öztürk
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Resmiye Kaya Odabaş
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Sökmen
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ayten Taşpinar
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
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Yılmaz M, Değirmenci F, Yılmaz DV. A psychosocial examination of feelings and thoughts about pregnancy: A qualitative study. Midwifery 2021; 103:103106. [PMID: 34352598 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2021.103106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND during pregnancy, which is a developmental period, there are risks that may cause pathological changes when physical, mental and social adaptation is not achieved. During antenatal appointments, it is possible to provide necessary care for pregnant women at the right time by screening for risks that threaten health. In addition to physical risk factors, psychosocial risk factors that can have significant effects on the health of pregnant women should also be included in antenatal appointments. A woman's inability to meet her needs or difficulties encountered in psychosocial areas, such as mental health, family relations, social life and job status during pregnancy, may result in mental and social problems as well as physical problems. Insufficient social support, job loss and family communication problems can leave pregnant women vulnerable to stress and cause many pregnancy complications, such as preterm labor. When problems in these areas cannot be detected at an early stage, they can threaten the life of the woman and the fetus. As such, knowledge of the specific feelings and thoughts of pregnant women from a psychosocial perspective will be useful in the evaluation of psychosocial risk factors. PURPOSE to determine the feelings and thoughts of pregnant women from a psychosocial perspective. METHOD this study used a qualitative descriptive approach to investigate pregnancy-related feelings and thoughts in a sample of 23 healthy pregnant women. Data were collected using a personal information form and a semi-structured interview form. The interviews, which were conducted using the semi-structured interview form and individual in-depth interviews, were recorded on a voice recorder. A thematic approach was used to analyze the data. RESULTS according to the results, the mean age of the pregnant women was 30.39 (standard deviation 4.03) years, 73.9% were university graduates and 78.3% were multiparous. Three main themes ('Pregnancy perception', 'Emotions in pregnancy' and 'Psychosocial dimension of pregnancy') and eight subthemes emerged from the data analysis. For 'Pregnancy perception', the subtheme was 'Meaning of pregnancy'. For 'Emotions in pregnancy', the subthemes were 'Emotional status (mood) in pregnancy' and 'Fear in pregnancy'. For 'Psychosocial dimension of pregnancy', the subthemes were 'Reflections of pregnancy on social life', 'Reflections of pregnancy on body image', 'Reflections of pregnancy on sexual life', 'Reflections of pregnancy on marital relationship' and 'Reflections of pregnancy on working life'. CONCLUSIONS in order to protect and maintain the health of the mother and fetus during pregnancy, it is recommended that women should be provided with the best physical and psychosocial care within the context of social and cultural structure, not only in this period but in every stage of their lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mualla Yılmaz
- Department of Mental Health Nursing, Mersin University Faculty of Nursing, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Filiz Değirmenci
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Nursing, Mersin University Faculty of Nursing, Mersin 33343, Turkey.
| | - Duygu Vefikuluçay Yılmaz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Nursing, Mersin University Faculty of Nursing, Mersin 33343, Turkey
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Shokuhi ZB, Ranjbar F, Hakimi S, Bahri R, Ghaffarifar S. Psychometric properties of the Persian version of postpartum distress measure scale. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:84. [PMID: 32103737 PMCID: PMC7045463 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02497-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the present study was to determine psychometric properties of the Persian version of Postpartum Distress Measure Scale (PDM Scale). METHODS In this psychometric explorative study, the data were collected using a questionnaire containing demographic information, PDM Scale, and Depression and Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). The content, face and construct validity of the questionnaire was examined with participation of ten experts, 10 and 150 women referring to health care centers, who were under common care during their postpartum period, respectively. The concurrent validity of the tool was evaluated using DASS-21. The reliability of the items was evaluated with the participation of 30 women, calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient and intra-class correlation coefficient. RESULTS The Content Validity Index, Content Validity Ratio and Impact Score of the Persian version of the PDM were 0.94, 0.73, and 2.97, respectively. The ten items of the questionnaire were loaded in two factors (general distress and obsessive compulsive symptoms subscale). Those two factors explained 50.78% of the total variance of women's distress. Internal consistency of the items and stability of the results were confirmed by Cronbach's alpha of 0.72 and Intra-class correlation coefficient of 0.75. CONCLUSION According to the study results, the Persian version of PDM Scale has acceptable psychometric properties. Care providers and researchers can use it as a tool for screening anxiety, depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bakht Shokuhi
- grid.412888.f0000 0001 2174 8913Research center of psychiatry and behavioral sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ranjbar
- Research center of psychiatry and behavioral sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Sevil Hakimi
- grid.412888.f0000 0001 2174 8913Research center of psychiatry and behavioral sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ,grid.412888.f0000 0001 2174 8913School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rogayeh Bahri
- grid.459617.80000 0004 0494 2783Department of clinical psychology, Fabric branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeideh Ghaffarifar
- grid.412888.f0000 0001 2174 8913Medical Education Research Centre, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on Anxiety and Quality of Life During Pregnancy: A Mental Health Clinical Trial Study. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.89489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Kharaghani R, Arasteh A, zenoozian S. Pregnancy Adaptation and its Association with Attachment Styles in Wanted and Unwanted Pregnancies. PREVENTIVE CARE IN NURSING AND MIDWIFERY JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.29252/pcnm.8.4.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Essau CA, Sasagawa S, Lewinsohn PM, Rohde P. The impact of pre- and perinatal factors on psychopathology in adulthood. J Affect Disord 2018; 236:52-59. [PMID: 29715609 PMCID: PMC6127869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.04.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is considerable evidence that pre- and post-natal factors are associated with a wide range of psychopathology in offspring during childhood and adolescence. OBJECTIVE The main aims of the present study were to examine the associations between pre- and perinatal factors and psychopathology in offspring during adulthood, and to explore whether family factors (i.e., family cohesion, mother's social support, and father's social support) mediate these relationships. METHOD Information on pre- and perinatal events was collected from biological mothers of the participants (N = 315) when they were between 14 and 18 years who were then followed up until they reached age 30. RESULTS Maternal obstetric history and illness during first year were significant predictors of offspring anxiety disorder. Maternal emotional health predicted offspring affective disorder. Difficult delivery and breast feeding predicted disruptive disorder. The relationship between maternal obstetric history/emotional health and anxiety/affective disorder was no longer significant after controlling for family cohesion. LIMITATIONS The information was based on maternal recall when their offspring were between 14 and 18 years which may be subjected to recall bias. CONCLUSION The association between pre- and postnatal factors and psychopathology of offspring during adulthood is mediated by familial factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia A. Essau
- Department of Psychology, Roehampton University, London SW15 4JD, UK
| | - Satoko Sasagawa
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Mejiro University, Tokyo 161-8539, Japan
| | | | - Paul Rohde
- Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR 97403-1983, USA
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Two is a perfect number: Patient–doctor relationship and patient attachment style in palliative care. J Health Psychol 2017; 24:549-560. [DOI: 10.1177/1359105317721307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested the association between the palliative patient’s attachment style and the patient–doctor relationship, by means of Revised Adult Attachment Scale and a self-designed, patient–doctor relationship questionnaire. The study included 110 (52 M, 58 F) cancer, hospice patients, aged 36–80 years. We observed 54 percent of secure, 18 percent of dismissive, 9 percent of preoccupied, and 19 percent of fearful styles. Securely attached patients developed significantly ( p < .05) better relationships with doctors than insecure patients. There was no difference in the quality of the patient–doctor relationship among dismissive versus preoccupied versus fearful patients. We argue that attachment theory should be applied in palliative care to improve patients’ quality of life and dying.
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Khorsandi M, Vakilian K, Salehi B, Goudarzi MT, Abdi M. The effects of stress inoculation training on perceived stress in pregnant women. J Health Psychol 2016; 21:2977-2982. [DOI: 10.1177/1359105315589800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 64 pregnant women were assigned into two groups of cases and controls. Both groups filled out the Perceived Stress Scale at pre-test. Cognitive-behavioral coping skill training was delivered to the case group. After the end of the intervention, both groups completed the same scale again. The results showed that the mean perceived stress of the cases and controls was 27.77 ± 6.033 and 18.97 ± 3.268, respectively ( p = 0.001). Therefore, midwives are recommended to plan educational interventions to decrease perceived stress in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maryam Torabi Goudarzi
- Health Care Provider, Health Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Boroujerd, Iran
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Kwee JL, McBride HL. Working together for women’s empowerment: Strategies for interdisciplinary collaboration in perinatal care. J Health Psychol 2016; 21:2742-2752. [DOI: 10.1177/1359105315586211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Women’s experiences of pregnancy, birth, and postpartum adjustment are often characterized by feelings of disempowerment, trauma, and emotional pain. Psychosocial perinatal care has not kept up with medical advances in perinatal care. Access to psychosocial care appears to be inadequate because of the following: (a) perinatal health care providers are insufficiently prepared to address emotional aspects of maternal care and (b) traditional, compartmentalized psychological services benefit only a subsection of perinatal women, often in an untimely manner. Practical and innovative psychosocial services, integrated into routine perinatal care, can provide widespread access to psychosocial resources for mothers and supports providers in delivering optimal care.
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