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Taresh SM, Morett LM, Zaid SM, Roslan S, Taresh Taleb M, Song P, Ahmad NA, Noman S. Preschool teachers' knowledge, beliefs, and self-efficacy concerning autism: A parallel mixed-methods study of an intervention to improve autism identification. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2024; 28:239-253. [PMID: 37982401 DOI: 10.1177/13623613231211850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Preschool teachers can play a critical role in early detection of autism. Equipping preschool teachers with prerequisite knowledge and skills would allow them to identify children with probable autism and referral to diagnostic services. This study aimed to investigate the impact of an educational module (EMiASD) that prepared preschool teachers to identify autism symptoms. The sample included 144 preschool teachers, of which 120 were stratified and randomly assigned to an intervention arm receiving training in EMiASD (n = 60) or a comparison arm receiving standard training (n = 60) using a parallel mixed-methods design. Responses to open-ended questions about video case studies revealed improvement in the identification of autism symptoms in preschool teachers in the intervention arm, in contrast to preschool teachers in the comparison arm. Moreover, significant changes in knowledge, belief, and self-efficacy about autism favoured EMiASD. Overall, these results demonstrate the influence of EMiASD in the Yemeni cultural context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Pu Song
- Guiyang Preschool Education College, China
| | | | - Sarah Noman
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia
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Wang X, Zhai F, Wang Y. Interplay between Tradition and Modernity: Stress and Coping Experiences among Parents of Children with Autism in Beijing, China. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:814. [PMID: 37887464 PMCID: PMC10603968 DOI: 10.3390/bs13100814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In traditional Chinese culture, specific beliefs and values can influence parents' experiences of stress and coping while raising children with autism. However, as China undergoes rapid social changes amid globalization, are these cultural influences still significant for today's parents of young children with autism? This study delves into this question through 12 in-depth interviews with parents of children with autism in Beijing. Content analysis indicated that while influences from traditional culture remain, modern parents often diverge from them. They adopt Western views on autism to mitigate stigma, establish boundaries with grandparents to ensure effective early interventions, address imbalanced professional dynamics, adjust authoritarian parenting styles, and broaden their social networks. A mix of traditional and contemporary parenting characterizes their experiences. The discussion elaborates on the findings, emphasizing the importance of family support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Wang
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
- Beijing Social Governance Research Center, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Fuhua Zhai
- Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York, NY 10023, USA
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Department of Social Work, China Youth University of Political Studies, Beijing 100089, China
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Pilot Survey: Police Understanding of Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:738-745. [PMID: 33738745 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-04968-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This piliot study assessed the experiences of police officers related to persons with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) via a survey assessing prior experience, comfort, knowledge, and ability to identify autistic persons. Fifty-one officers completed the survey: 52.9% reported previous ASD training, 34.8% reported personal experience with ASD, and 56.9% endorsed low overall knowledge of ASD. Officers reported neutral comfort (mean 3.24) and moderate practical knowledge (mean 3.74) [Likert scale 1-5; 5 = highest]. Those with previous training or with personal experience reported higher comfort and knowledge. Those with personal experience were more likely to recognize features of ASD in clinical vignettes. Further study is necessary to understand what additional training about ASD may be helpful to police officers.
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Attitudes and Perceptions of Muslim Parents Toward Their Children with Autism: a Systematic Review. REVIEW JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40489-021-00256-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Sim SS, Bourke-Taylor H, Fossey E, Yu ML. The everyday occupations of East Asian mothers who have children with disabilities: A scoping review. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2021; 110:103849. [PMID: 33485055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Everyday occupations refer to activities that people do associated with their roles, to bring meaning and purpose to life. The occupations of non-Asian mothers of children with disabilities have been well-documented but less is known about the occupations of East Asian mothers. AIMS This scoping review described the everyday occupations of East Asian mothers who have children with disabilities. METHODS A well-documented five-stage framework was utilised, guided by PRISMAScR. A search was conducted across five data bases for peer-reviewed research between 2008-2020, which informed the occupations of mothers living in China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan, Korea and Vietnam. RESULTS Thirty-two articles met criteria, of which twenty-nine were qualitative studies and three were mixed-methods studies. 415 mothers were represented. The themes were: doing, roles, volitional components and processes, cultural values and practices, environmental enablers, barriers and transformation, which provided rich description of various aspects of occupations of East Asian mothers, who have children with disabilities. CONCLUSIONS The everyday occupations of East Asian mothers who have children with disabilities were shaped by their cultural values. This review provided insights into mothers' activity choices and valued roles, which highlighted for practitioners in disability services, the importance of cultural awareness and sensitivity when supporting East Asian mothers and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Sin Sim
- Monash University, Department of Occupational Therapy, Australia.
| | | | - Ellie Fossey
- Monash University, Department of Occupational Therapy, Australia
| | - Mong-Lin Yu
- Monash University, Department of Occupational Therapy, Australia
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Taresh SM, Ahmad NA, Roslan S, Ma’rof AM. Preschool Teachers' Beliefs towards Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Yemen. CHILDREN-BASEL 2020; 7:children7100170. [PMID: 33036166 PMCID: PMC7601273 DOI: 10.3390/children7100170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
It is perplexing that some preschool teachers not only advise parents who have children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to go to religious healers, but also attribute such neurological disorders to the curse of the “evil eye” or vaccines. Although it is now the twentieth century, this behavior simply reflects the concerns of over-protective teachers and the cultural misperceptions about the actual definition of ASD. In Yemen, the term “ASD”, with its wide range of symptoms, is still ambiguous among preschool teachers. Thus, in a rather insightful piece for the education community, this study has attempted to look beneath the surface of the beliefs (religious belief–social belief–personal belief) of Yemeni preschool teachers regarding ASD. Based on the data collected from 213 teachers (20–30\31–40-~≥40 age) in the Taiz district, this study found that misconceptions specific to autism spectrum disorder were strongly evidenced among teachers who taught preschoolers. Due to personal ignorance and growing superstitions, these teachers tend to believe the society’s perceptions of ASD, thus resulting in the ignorance of scientific views. However, the mass media can increase this group’s awareness of ASD by continually assessing the inaccurate views on ASD, and correcting them. And by influencing the teachers to take a more conceptual scientific approach in serving their special needs students, furthermore, by informing preschool teachers of children’s rights in normal life in the future through providing children with an optimal chance of development by early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Mohammed Taresh
- Department of Foundation of Education, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.M.T.); (S.R.); (A.M.M.)
- Department of Kindergarten, Faculty of Education, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
| | - Nor Aniza Ahmad
- Department of Foundation of Education, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.M.T.); (S.R.); (A.M.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Samsilah Roslan
- Department of Foundation of Education, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.M.T.); (S.R.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Aini Marina Ma’rof
- Department of Foundation of Education, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.M.T.); (S.R.); (A.M.M.)
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Taresh S, Ahmad NA, Roslan S, Ma’rof AM, Zaid S. Pre-School Teachers' Knowledge, Belief, Identification Skills, and Self-Efficacy in Identifying Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Conceptual Framework to Identify Children with ASD. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10030165. [PMID: 32183022 PMCID: PMC7139893 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10030165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the identification and detection of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has become an essential issue under ASD intervention services. The high percentage of ASD among children requires preschool teachers to recognizse children's abnormal development and identify them at an early stage, followed by referral to specialists. Therefore, this identification calls for a specific ability among preschool teachers, identified as knowledge, belief, identification skills, and self-efficacy (KBISSE). This conceptual framework aims to utilize the current literature to present a discussion on preschool teachers' KBISSE in identifying children with ASD and making decisions to refer children suspected with ASD to specialists. The conceptual framework is discussed based on social cognitive theory (SCT) and the health belief model (HBM). The conceptual framework emphasizes the need for preschool teachers to be educated in ASD via an educational module that could increase teachers' self-efficacy in identifying children with ASD. Besides, knowledge in ASD, belief in ASD, and identification skills are also necessary variables for building the educational module. The educational module is useful for guiding future research on preschool teachers' identification of children with any disability, one of which is ASD, and subsequent specialist referral at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Taresh
- Department of Foundations of Education, Faculty of Educational Studies, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.T.); (S.R.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Nor Aniza Ahmad
- Department of Foundations of Education, Faculty of Educational Studies, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.T.); (S.R.); (A.M.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Samsilah Roslan
- Department of Foundations of Education, Faculty of Educational Studies, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.T.); (S.R.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Aini Marina Ma’rof
- Department of Foundations of Education, Faculty of Educational Studies, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.T.); (S.R.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Sumaia Zaid
- Department of Psychology, Sana’a University, Sana’a 1247, Yemen;
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Shorey S, Ng ED, Haugan G, Law E. The parenting experiences and needs of Asian primary caregivers of children with autism: A meta-synthesis. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2019; 24:591-604. [DOI: 10.1177/1362361319886513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Parents of children with autism are faced with higher risks of unemployment, divorce, and poorer mental health than parents of children with other disorders. Such parenting stress can be further exacerbated by cultural and environmental factors such as the more conservative and collectivistic Asian values. Therefore, this review identifies and synthesizes literature on the parenting experiences and needs of Asian primary caregivers of children with autism using a critical interpretive method. A qualitative meta-summary was conducted. Seven electronic databases (CINAHL, Embase, ProQuest, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched from each database’s date of inception to November 2018. In total, 44 studies were included in this review. Thirteen studies examined Asian immigrant parents’ experiences, and 31 studies were done among Asia-based parents. Six domains were identified: “personal parenting journey”; “adaptation and coping strategies”; “family, community, and social support”; “experiences with healthcare, education, and social services”; “future hopes and recommendations”; and “unique experiences of immigrants.” The distinctive influence of religious beliefs, cultural values, and environmental factors on Asian parenting experiences were discussed, and recommendations were proposed to better meet the needs of parents with autistic children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gørill Haugan
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway
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Someki F, Torii M, Brooks PJ, Koeda T, Gillespie-Lynch K. Stigma associated with autism among college students in Japan and the United States: An online training study. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2018; 76:88-98. [PMID: 29602160 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Misconceptions and stigma associated with autism vary across cultures and may be influenced by various factors. Undergraduates in Japan (N = 212) and the United States (US) (N = 365) completed an online autism training, with pre- and posttest surveys assessing autism-related stigma (i.e., social distance) and knowledge. Aims were to examine differences in autism stigma and knowledge in Japan and the US, while extending prior research demonstrating benefits of an online autism training in the US and Lebanon to Japan. The results revealed that Japanese students indicated greater autism-related stigma than US students, which was not attributable to differences in autism knowledge, prior experience with autism, or college major. In both countries, students majoring in "helping professions" exhibited greater willingness to engage with people with autism. Japanese and US students varied in their misconceptions about autism, with significant differences on about half of the knowledge items. Japanese students showed decreased stigma after completing the autism training, yet continued to exhibit greater social distance towards people with autism relative to US students. Future research should focus on identifying specific cultural factors (e.g., conformity to social norms and homogeneity within communities) that contribute to fear and exclusion of people with autism in different societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Someki
- Department of Educational Studies, College of Staten Island, City University of New York, 2800 Victory Blvd. 3S-208, Staten Island, NY, 10314, USA.
| | - Miyuki Torii
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Patricia J Brooks
- Department of Psychology, College of Staten Island, City University of New York, 2800 Victory Blvd. 4S-108, Staten Island, NY, 10314, USA; The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Tatsuya Koeda
- Department of Psychosocial Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, 157-8535, Tokyo, Japan; Faculty of Regional Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama Minami, 680-8551, Tottori, Japan
| | - Kristen Gillespie-Lynch
- Department of Psychology, College of Staten Island, City University of New York, 2800 Victory Blvd. 4S-108, Staten Island, NY, 10314, USA; The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
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Low HM, Zailan F. Medical students' perceptions, awareness, societal attitudes and knowledge of autism spectrum disorder: an exploratory study in Malaysia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2016; 64:86-95. [PMID: 34141295 PMCID: PMC8115475 DOI: 10.1080/20473869.2016.1264663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the perception, awareness, societal attitude, and knowledge about Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Malaysian medical students. Methods: An exploratory survey was conducted with 83 medical students in Malaysia. In the survey, the medical students were required to rate their perception, awareness, societal attitude, and their recognition of ASD symptoms. Results: The results showed the senior medical students had increased knowledge about ASD symptoms compared to the juniors, but there was no clear indicator that they had obtained the knowledge through formal training. Specifically, the medical students could better identify symptoms related to restrictive and fixation behavioral patterns than social communicative deficits. While considering the effects of societal attitude, year of study, perception about ASD course and other demographic variables, the year of study emerged as the sole predictor of the medical students' knowledge about ASD. Conclusion: The findings from this study provided evidence for the need of compulsory training on ASD in medical schools in improve the knowledge and skills of prospective medical practitioners to identify individuals with ASD. Such effort is fundamental for the early identification and intervention of ASD in developing countries such as Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Min Low
- School of Educational Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Malaysia
| | - Farhana Zailan
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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