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Hou W, Jiang Y, Yang Y, Zhu L, Li J. Evaluating the validity of eye-tracking tasks and stimuli in detecting high-risk infants later diagnosed with autism: A meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2024; 112:102466. [PMID: 39033664 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Gaze abnormalities are well documented in infants at elevated risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, variations in experimental design and stimuli across studies have led to mixed results. The current meta-analysis aimed to identify which type of eye tracking task and stimulus are most effective at differentiating high-risk infants (siblings of children with ASD) who later meet diagnosis criteria from low-risk infants without familial autism. We synthesized 35 studies that used eye tracking to investigate gaze behavior in infants at high genetic risk for autism before 2 years of age. We found that stimulus features, regions of interest (ROIs) and study quality moderated effect sizes across studies. Overall, dynamic stimuli and socially-relevant regions in the social stimuli (i.e. the target and activity of characters' shared focus) reliably detected high-risk infants who later develop ASD. Attention disengagement task and stimuli depicting interactions between human and nonhuman characters could identify high-risk infants who later develop ASD and those who have autism-related symptoms but do not meet the diagnostic criteria as well. These findings provide sensitive and reliable early markers of ASD, which is helpful to develop objective and quantitative early autism screening and intervention tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Hou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunmei Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liqi Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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2
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Harrison AJ, Naqvi NC, Smit AK, Kumar PN, Muhammad NA, Saade S, Yu L, Cappe E, Low HM, Chan SJ, de Bildt A. Assessing Autism Knowledge Across the Global Landscape Using the ASK-Q. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:1897-1911. [PMID: 36892718 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-05936-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Substantial variability exists with regard to autism service provision around the world. Service disparities observed in many low- and middle-income countries may be driven, in part, by limited autism knowledge; however, measurement limitations have made it difficult to quantify autism knowledge across countries. The current study uses the autism stigma and knowledge questionnaire (ASK-Q) to quantify autism knowledge and stigma between different countries and demographics. The current study compiled data from 6830 participants collected using adapted versions of the ASK-Q administered in 13 different countries, representing four different continents. Structural equation modeling was used to examine how autism knowledge varied across country and individual factors. Results reveal cross country variability with a large, 17-point difference between the countries with the highest knowledge (Canada) and the lowest knowledge (Lebanon). As expected, countries with higher economies had higher levels of knowledge. We also documented differences based on country worldview, participant occupation, gender, age, and education level. These results help to identify specific regions and populations that might most need greater information about autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley J Harrison
- Educational Psychology Department, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30606, USA.
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Georgia, Aderhold Hall 110 Carlton Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Nilofer C Naqvi
- Department of Psychology, Iona University, New Rochelle, NY, 10801, USA
| | - Anne K Smit
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Accare Child Study Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Prisha Nanda Kumar
- Educational Psychology Department, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30606, USA
| | - Noor Azimah Muhammad
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Jalan Yaacob Latiff, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sabine Saade
- Psychology Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Luodi Yu
- Center for Autism Research, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Wenyi Bldg, Guangzhou, China
| | - Emilie Cappe
- Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, Université Paris Cité, 92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
- Institut Universtaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Hui Min Low
- School of Education Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Sarah-Jane Chan
- Manggatal Health Clinic, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Annelies de Bildt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Accare Child Study Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
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3
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Fletcher-Watson S. What's in a name? The costs and benefits of a formal autism diagnosis. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2024; 28:257-262. [PMID: 37997793 DOI: 10.1177/13623613231213300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
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Figuereo YF, Lewis J, Lee P, Walker SJ. Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Dominican Republic: A Mini Review of the Current Situation. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10010121. [PMID: 36670671 PMCID: PMC9857063 DOI: 10.3390/children10010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
As the recognition of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) increases, and the prevalence estimates of ASD continue to rise throughout the world, it has become apparent that access to diagnostic and treatment services is highly dependent on geography. Even within countries such as the United States, which has received significant interest and investment in understanding, diagnosing, treating, and providing programs for those with ASD over the last 20+ years, access to information and services is uneven. In poorer countries such as the Dominican Republic (DR), where >40% of citizens live below the poverty level and access to quality healthcare overall continues to be a challenge, issues associated with ASD are not yet being adequately addressed. The objective of this review is to provide a realistic synopsis of the resources currently available to Dominicans who have a family member or loved one with ASD. We examine the challenges these families face in finding care, the stigma associated with ASD, and programs available for people with ASD. We conclude that while the DR is making progress in its efforts to address ASD, there is still much work to be done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosauri Fernandez Figuereo
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Genomics, Wake Forest University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Winston Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Jack Lewis
- Reynolda Campus, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - Peyton Lee
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Stephen J. Walker
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27101, USA
- Correspondence:
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5
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Raghavan K, Dedeepiya VD, Kandaswamy RS, Balamurugan M, Ikewaki N, Sonoda T, Kurosawa G, Iwasaki M, Preethy S, Abraham SJK. Improvement of sleep and melatonin in children with autism spectrum disorder after β-1,3/1,6-glucan consumption: An open-label prospective pilot clinical study. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2750. [PMID: 35993920 PMCID: PMC9480952 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Poor sleep quality is a major problem in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and is attributed to low melatonin levels. Melatonin supplementation is recommended; however, its effectiveness varies. β-Glucans have previously been shown to improve melatonin levels in animal studies. Herein, we examined the effectiveness of Aureobasidium pullulans (Nichi Glucan), a species of black yeast that contains beta-1,3/1,6-glucan, in a pilot study of children with ASD. METHODS Thirteen children (age, 2.5-13 years) with ASD were recruited for the study. The control group consisted of four patients (Gr. 1), while nine patients were classified into the treatment group (Gr. 2). Gr. 2 received 1 g of Nichi Glucan along with conventional therapy, whereas the Gr. 1 (control) patients received conventional therapy alone for 90 days. Serum melatonin levels and sleep patterns, assessed using a subjective questionnaire, were evaluated before and after treatment. RESULTS In Gr. 2, the average serum melatonin level increased from 238.85 ng/L preintervention to 394.72 ng/L postintervention. Eight of nine participants (88%) in Gr. 2 showed improvements in sleep pattern and quality, while no improvement was observed in the participants in Gr. 1. CONCLUSION The consumption of Nichi Glucan for 90 days resulted in visible improvement in sleep quality, sleep pattern, and serum melatonin levels, which was reported for the first time by our study. A larger multicenter study is required to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadalraja Raghavan
- Department of Paediatric NeurologyKenmax Medical Service Private LimitedMaduraiIndia
- Department of Paediatric NeurologySarvee Integra Private LimitedChennaiIndia
- Department of Paediatric NeurologyJesuit Antonyraj memorial Interdisciplinary Centre for Advanced Rehabilitation and Education (JAICARE)MaduraiIndia
| | | | | | | | - Nobunao Ikewaki
- Department of Medical Life ScienceKyushu University of Health and WelfareJapan
- Department of ImmunologyJunsei Educational InstituteNobeokaMiyazakiJapan
| | - Tohru Sonoda
- Department of ImmunologyJunsei Educational InstituteNobeokaMiyazakiJapan
| | - Gene Kurosawa
- Department of Academic Research Support Promotion Facility, Center for Research Promotion and SupportFujita Health UniversityAichiJapan
- Research WingMabGenesis KKNagoyaJapan
| | - Masaru Iwasaki
- Centre for Advancing Clinical Research (CACR)School of Medicine, University of YamanashiChuoJapan
| | - Senthilkumar Preethy
- Fujio‐Eiji Academic Terrain (FEAT)Nichi‐In Centre for Regenerative Medicine (NCRM)ChennaiIndia
| | - Samuel JK Abraham
- Mary‐Yoshio Translational Hexagon (MYTH)Nichi‐In Centre for Regenerative Medicine (NCRM)ChennaiIndia
- Centre for Advancing Clinical Research (CACR)School of Medicine, University of YamanashiChuoJapan
- Antony‐ Xavier Interdisciplinary Scholastics (AXIS)GN Corporation Co. Ltd.KofuJapan
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GABA Receptor SNPs and Elevated Plasma GABA Levels Affect the Severity of the Indian ASD Probands. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:1300-1312. [PMID: 35562522 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Altered signaling of the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), has been speculated in the etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We have investigated the association of six GABAA-receptor genetic variants and plasma GABA levels with ASD. Subjects were recruited based on the DSM, and CARS2-ST and ADI-R assessed disease severity. Peripheral blood was collected from the ASD probands (N = 251), their parents, and ethnically matched controls (N = 347). A positive correlation between the CARS2-ST and ADI-R scores was observed; domain scores of ADI-R were higher in the severe group categorized by the CARS2-ST. GABRB3 rs1432007 "A," GABRG3 rs897173 "A," and GABRA5 rs140682 "T" showed significant association with ASD. Trait scores were influenced by rs1432007 "AA" and rs140682 "TT." GABA level was significantly higher in the probands than the age-matched controls. Our findings indicate an influence of GABA in the etiology of ASD in the Indian probands.
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Lord C, Charman T, Havdahl A, Carbone P, Anagnostou E, Boyd B, Carr T, de Vries PJ, Dissanayake C, Divan G, Freitag CM, Gotelli MM, Kasari C, Knapp M, Mundy P, Plank A, Scahill L, Servili C, Shattuck P, Simonoff E, Singer AT, Slonims V, Wang PP, Ysrraelit MC, Jellett R, Pickles A, Cusack J, Howlin P, Szatmari P, Holbrook A, Toolan C, McCauley JB. The Lancet Commission on the future of care and clinical research in autism. Lancet 2022; 399:271-334. [PMID: 34883054 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01541-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 129.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tony Charman
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alexandra Havdahl
- Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Paul Carbone
- Department of Pediatrics at University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Evdokia Anagnostou
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Themba Carr
- Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, Encinitas, CA, USA
| | - Petrus J de Vries
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Cheryl Dissanayake
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter Mundy
- University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Chiara Servili
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Use, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Emily Simonoff
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Vicky Slonims
- Evelina Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Paul P Wang
- Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative, Simons Foundation, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Rachel Jellett
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Pickles
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Patricia Howlin
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Szatmari
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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8
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Stevanovic D, Costanzo F, Fucà E, Valeri G, Vicari S, Robins DL, Samms-Vaughan M, Ozek Erkuran H, Yaylaci F, Deshpande SN, Deshmukh V, Arora NK, Albores-Gallo L, García-López C, Gatica-Bahamonde G, Gabunia M, Zirakashvili M, Machado FP, Radan M, Samadi SA, Toh TH, Gayle W, Brennan L, Zorcec T, Auza A, de Jonge M, Shoqirat N, Marini A, Knez R. Measurement invariance of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) across six countries. Autism Res 2021; 14:2544-2554. [PMID: 34346193 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) is a simple and inexpensive tool for Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) assessments, with evidenced psychometric data from different countries. However, it is still unclear whether ASD symptoms are measured the same way across different societies and world regions with this tool, since data on its cross-cultural validity are lacking. This study evaluated the cross-cultural measurement invariance of the CARS among children with ASD from six countries, for whom data were aggregated from previous studies in India (n = 101), Jamaica (n = 139), Mexico (n = 72), Spain (n = 99), Turkey (n = 150), and the United States of America (n = 186). We analyzed the approximate measurement invariance based on Bayesian structural equation modeling. The model did not fit the data and its measurement invariance did not hold, with all items found non-invariant across the countries. Items related to social communication and interaction (i.e., relating to people, imitation, emotional response, and verbal and nonverbal communication) displayed lower levels of cross-country non-invariance compared to items about stereotyped behaviors/sensory sensitivity (i.e., body and object use, adaptation to change, or taste, smell, and touch response). This study found that the CARS may not provide cross-culturally valid ASD assessments. Thus, cross-cultural comparisons with the CARS should consider first which items operate differently across samples of interest, since its cross-cultural measurement non-invariance could be a source of cross-cultural variability in ASD presentations. Additional studies are needed before drawing valid recommendations in relation to the cultural sensitivity of particular items.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Stevanovic
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Floriana Costanzo
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Fucà
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Valeri
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Vicari
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Diana L Robins
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Handan Ozek Erkuran
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Dr Behcet Uz Children's Research and Training Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ferhat Yaylaci
- Child Psychiatry Unit, Bursa Dortcelik Children's Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Smita N Deshpande
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre of Excellence in Mental health, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences; Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Lilia Albores-Gallo
- Research Division, Hospital Psiquiátrico Infantil "Dr. Juan N. Navarro," Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Miruna Radan
- National Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sayyed Ali Samadi
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK
| | - Teck-Hock Toh
- Clinical Research Centre & Department of Pediatrics, Sibu Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sibu, Malaysia
| | - Windham Gayle
- Environmental Health Investigations Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA
| | | | - Tatjana Zorcec
- Developmental Department, University Children's Hospital, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Alejandra Auza
- Language and Cognition Laboratory, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maretha de Jonge
- Faculty of Social Science, Education and Child Studies, Clinical Neuroscience and Developmental Disorders, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Rajna Knez
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Skaraborgs Hospital, Skövde, Sweden.,Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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9
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Practice Patterns and Potential Barriers to Early Diagnosis of Autism in Bosnia and Herzegovina: A Preliminary Study. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 51:4447-4455. [PMID: 33528809 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-04875-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this preliminary study was to identify the practice patterns and potential barriers to diagnosing autism in Bosnia & Herzegovina. 126 children aged 23 to 94 months with developmental concerns referred to treatment centers participated in the study. Although parents had reported developmental problems in their children usually around the age of 17 months, it took them 812 visits to professionals (> 6 visits per child) over several months (mean 16.8, range 2-52 months) to get diagnosed with any developmental disorder. Only 8 children (6.3%) received a diagnosis of autism. However, when we re-examined 110 of the 126 children, 90 of them (71%) were identified with autism. Implications of these findings are discussed.
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Saroukhani S, Samms-Vaughan M, Lee M, Bach MA, Bressler J, Hessabi M, Grove ML, Shakespeare-Pellington S, Loveland KA, Rahbar MH. Perinatal Factors Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Jamaican Children. J Autism Dev Disord 2020; 50:3341-3357. [PMID: 31538260 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-019-04229-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mode of delivery, preterm birth, and low birth weight (LBW) are hypothesized to be associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the offspring. Using data from 343 ASD cases (2-8 years) and their age- and sex-matched typically developing controls in Jamaica we investigated these hypotheses. Our statistical analyses revealed that the parish of residence could modify the association between cesarean delivery and ASD, with a difference found in this relationship in Kingston parish [matched odds ratio (MOR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) 2.30 (1.17-4.53)] and other parishes [MOR (95% CI) 0.87 (0.48-1.59)]. Although the associations of LBW and preterm birth with ASD were not significant, we observed a significant interaction between LBW and the household socioeconomic status. These findings require replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Saroukhani
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design (BERD) Core, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Maureen Samms-Vaughan
- Department of Child & Adolescent Health, The University of the West Indies (UWI), Mona Campus, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - MinJae Lee
- Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design (BERD) Core, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Division of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6410 Fannin Street, UT Professional Building Suite 1100.05, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - MacKinsey A Bach
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design (BERD) Core, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jan Bressler
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Manouchehr Hessabi
- Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design (BERD) Core, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Megan L Grove
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Katherine A Loveland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Mohammad H Rahbar
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design (BERD) Core, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Division of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6410 Fannin Street, UT Professional Building Suite 1100.05, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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11
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Ann Abraham D, Narasimhan U, Christy S, Muhasaparur Ganesan R. Effect of L-Carnosine as adjunctive therapy in the management of children with autism spectrum disorder: a randomized controlled study. Amino Acids 2020; 52:1521-1528. [PMID: 33170378 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02909-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
L-Carnosine is an amino acid that acts as an anti-oxidant, anti-toxic and neuroprotective agent. There is a paucity of data about the effectiveness of L-Carnosine in the management of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children. This study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of L-Carnosine as adjunctive therapy in the management of ASD. This was a randomized controlled trial. Children aged 3-6 years with a diagnosis of mild to moderate ASD were assigned to standard care arm (occupational and speech therapy) and intervention care arm (L-Carnosine, 10-15 mg/kg in 2 divided doses) plus standard care treatment. The children were assessed at the baseline and the end of 2 months for the scores of Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Second Edition-Standard Version (CARS2-ST), Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC), BEARS sleep screening tool and 6-item Gastrointestinal Severity Index (6-GSI). Of the sixty-seven children enrolled, sixty-three children had completed the study. No statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed for any of the outcome measures assessed. Supplementation of L-Carnosine did not improve the total score of CARS2-ST, ATEC, BEARS sleep screening tool and 6-GSI scores of children with ASD. Further investigations are needed with more objective assessments to critically validate the effectiveness of L-Carnosine on ASD children for more decisive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debi Ann Abraham
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 116, India
| | - Udayakumar Narasimhan
- Department of Paediatric Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Senta Christy
- Karthikeyan Child Development Unit, Sri Ramachandra Medical Centre, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajanandh Muhasaparur Ganesan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 116, India.
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Brief Report: Texas School District Autism Prevalence in Children from Non-English-Speaking Homes. J Autism Dev Disord 2018; 50:1411-1417. [PMID: 29974313 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-018-3676-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have implicated migration and ethnicity as possible risk factors for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in developed countries. Using Texas education data, we calculated district-reported ASD prevalence stratified by geographic region, with reported home language as a proxy for immigration. Prevalence ratios were also stratified by race. Prevalence estimates were significantly lower for White children from homes speaking Spanish and other non-English languages compared to those from English-speaking homes. This is the first study, to our knowledge, that investigates ASD prevalence of children from non-English-speaking households in a large sample. Barriers in identification of children of immigrants with ASD indicate that the increased district-reported prevalence seen in our study may only be a small indicator of a potentially larger prevalence.
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