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Hung N, Chen YC, Choy Yung RMP, Kwan MSM, To AKY, Fung ESM, Chan CLW. Generativity in Later-Life: The Interplay Between Retirement Status and Human, Social, and Financial Capital. JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIAL WORK 2024; 67:35-54. [PMID: 37183428 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2023.2212730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Generativity has been increasingly recognized as an important component of healthy aging. Although the desire to be generative is influenced by societal and cultural expectations, the relative influence of its driving factors by retirement status, a significant life-course transition, is underexplored. This study examined how later-life generativity is driven by the interplay between retirement status and financial, human and social capital. An online survey targeting Hong Kong adults aged 45+ was conducted. Linear regression models were stratified by retirement status (working and retired) to examine the effects of financial (income, assets, and financial satisfaction), human (education and health-related measures), and social capitals (productive and social engagement) on generativity. Among those working, higher generativity was associated with financial, human, and social capitals that facilitated material provision. Among those retired, human and social capitals that supported the transmission of knowledge and experience were more important for generativity. For both groups, support from close social networks was the strongest predictor. Different cultural demands, dictated by retirement status, play a crucial role in determining how older adults feel like they can contribute to subsequent generations. These findings can inform policies and programs that seek to support healthy transitions into retirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalee Hung
- Department of Social Work & Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Yu-Chih Chen
- Department of Social Work & Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Social Policy Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | - Angela K Y To
- Golden Age Foundation, Wan Chai, Hong Kong SA, China
| | | | - Cecilia L W Chan
- Department of Social Work & Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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Schubert S, Kluge U, Klapprott F, Ringeisen T. Germans' awareness of refugees' information barriers regarding health care access: a cross-sectional study. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:221. [PMID: 36882848 PMCID: PMC9990189 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09226-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In light of their experiences on the refuge and upon their arrival in the receiving society, refugees may have differentiated needs regarding health care. However, negative attitudes of the members of the receiving society and a lack of information pose as barriers for refugees when trying to access health care services. In that sense, it is largely unknown, which antecedents positively affect Germans' perception of information barriers that refugees face. Based on an extended version of the Empathy-Attitude-Action model, this study examined selected predictors of problem awareness in the form of perceived information barriers that refugees face, emphasizing the role of positive intercultural contact experiences. METHODS A sample of members of the receiving society, here: Germans (N = 910) completed a cross-sectional online survey with validated self-report measures. From the perspective of Germans, assessments covered positive intercultural contact, attitudes on refugees' rights, the recognition of refugees' socio-emotional support needs as a form of cognitive empathy, and the perception of refugees' information barriers when accessing health care. We conducted structural equation modeling to examine hypothesized latent associations and specified three different models with unidirectional paths between the study variables, each allowing another direct path from intercultural contact to the variables. We determined the best model using the chi-square-difference test and tested for indirect effects along the paths through bias-corrected bootstrapping. RESULTS Our results show consistency with the Empathy-Attitude-Action model. We found Germans' cognitive empathy toward refugees to be associated with more positive attitudes and a greater awareness of refugees' information barriers. We further found more positive intercultural contact to be associated with greater cognitive empathy toward refugees and with more positive attitudes. While these contact experiences showed a slightly direct negative effect on Germans' perception of refugees' information barriers to accessing health care, the indirect effects via cognitive empathy and positive attitudes were positive. CONCLUSION Previous positive intercultural contact may be directly and indirectly linked to greater awareness for refugees, helping Germans as the receiving community (1) to become more empathetic toward refugees, (2) to improve their attitudes toward refugees' rights and to (3) raise consciousness for information barriers that refugees face when trying to access health care services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Schubert
- Berlin School of Economics and Law, Alt-Friedrichsfelde 60, 10315, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ulrike Kluge
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Bonhoefferweg 3, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Klapprott
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Bonhoefferweg 3, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Psychologische Hochschule Berlin, Am Köllnischen Park 2, 10179, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Ringeisen
- Berlin School of Economics and Law, Alt-Friedrichsfelde 60, 10315, Berlin, Germany
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Yu D, Bai J, Zhao Y, Yin C, Liang F, Zhang J. Intergroup Contact Alleviates Loneliness: The Extensive Effect of Common Ingroup Identity. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:1257-1270. [PMID: 37095845 PMCID: PMC10122473 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s404275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Previous studies show that intergroup contact, through common ingroup identity, has impact on intergroup processes such as reducing intergroup bias, improving intergroup relations, etc. The effect of intergroup contact on individual psychological process (through common ingroup identity), however, needs further exploration. Based on the positive effect of both intergroup contact and ingroup identification on mental health and well-being, this article proposes and tests a new model of individual loneliness reduction through intergroup contact by promoting common ingroup identity. Methods A total of 263 majority ethnic members and 275 minority ethnic members from China participated in the survey. Intergroup contact, common ingroup identity and loneliness were measured at three time-points (T1-T3) over an 8-month period. Longitudinal mediation analysis and parallel process Latent Growth Curve Model for mediation are used for the examination of the indirect effect of common ingroup identity. Results Longitudinal mediation analysis showed that intergroup contact quality at T1 positively predicted common ingroup identity at T2, and common ingroup identity at T2 alleviated loneliness at T3. Intergroup contact quality at T1 was indirectly linked to loneliness at T3 via common ingroup identity at T2. The parallel process latent growth curve model for mediation confirmed the robustness of the indirect effect of common ingroup identity. In addition, the growth rate of the quality of intergroup contact increased the growth rate of common ingroup identity, but reduced the growth rate of loneliness. Conclusion The current study revealed the protectiveness of intergroup contact and common ingroup identity on loneliness, viz., intergroup contact reduces individual loneliness by promoting common ingroup identity, the implication being that intergroup contact and common ingroup identity should be taken into account in intervening process of loneliness prevention so that an individual's physical and mental health could be better safeguarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Yu
- Center for Studies of Education and Psychology of Ethnic Minorities in Southwest China, Southwest University, Chongqing, Peoples Republic of China
- Reader Service Department, Guangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanning, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Bai
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Yufang Zhao
- Center for Studies of Education and Psychology of Ethnic Minorities in Southwest China, Southwest University, Chongqing, Peoples Republic of China
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Peoples Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yufang Zhao, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, Peoples Republic of China, Email
| | - Chenzu Yin
- School of Teacher Education, Hechi University, Hechi, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Fangmei Liang
- School of Teacher Education, Hechi University, Hechi, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of International Studies, Southwest University, Chongqing, Peoples Republic of China
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Sieverding T, Wallis H. Young for Old - COVID-19 Related Intergenerational Prosocial Behavior. JOURNAL OF INTERGENERATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15350770.2022.2156651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Sieverding
- Department of Psychology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hannah Wallis
- Faculty of Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, University Hospital for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Magdeburg, Germany
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Help (Un)wanted: Why the most powerful allies are the most likely to stumble — and when they fulfill their potential. RESEARCH IN ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.riob.2022.100180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Bobba B, Crocetti E. "I Feel You!": The Role of Empathic Competences in Reducing Ethnic Prejudice Among Adolescents. J Youth Adolesc 2022; 51:1970-1982. [PMID: 35776232 PMCID: PMC9361236 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-022-01650-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Empathic competences might help adolescents navigate current multicultural societies by supporting harmonious intergroup relations. Yet it is unclear how each component of empathy (empathic concern and perspective-taking) is associated with different dimensions (affective, cognitive, behavioral) of ethnic prejudice. The current study aims to fill this gap. A total of 259 Italian adolescents (Mage = 15.60, 87.6% female) completed online questionnaires at three time points (i.e., April, May, and October 2021). The results of cross-lagged models indicated that empathic concern was directly and indirectly associated with reduced affective, cognitive, and behavioral ethnic prejudice, while perspective-taking was linked to increases in cognitive and one facet of behavioral (i.e., lower contact willingness) prejudice. Furthermore, the prevalence of affect over cognition was found, with the affective component of both empathic competences (i.e., empathic concern) and ethnic prejudice exerting the strongest influence on the cognitive ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Bobba
- Department of Psychology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Crocetti
- Department of Psychology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Salgado A, Aguilar SJ. Information framing effects on students’ support towards equitable financial aid for undocumented students. CONTEMPORARY EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cedpsych.2022.102090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Tassinari M, Aulbach MB, Jasinskaja-Lahti I. Investigating the Influence of Intergroup Contact in Virtual Reality on Empathy: An Exploratory Study Using AltspaceVR. Front Psychol 2022; 12:815497. [PMID: 35185708 PMCID: PMC8848353 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.815497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Virtual Reality (VR) has often been referred to as an "empathy machine." This is mostly because it can induce empathy through embodiment experiences in outgroup membership. However, the potential of intergroup contact with an outgroup avatar in VR to increase empathy is less studied. Even though intergroup contact literature suggests that less threatening and more prosocial emotions are the key to understanding why intergroup contact is a powerful mean to decrease prejudice, few studies have investigated the effect of intergroup contact on empathy in VR. In this study, we developed a between-participants design to investigate how VR can be used to create a positive intergroup contact with a member of a stigmatized outgroup (ethnic minority) and present the results of the effect of intergroup contact in VR on empathy. Sixty four participants experienced either positive contact (i.e., equal intergroup status, collaborative) with a black (experimenter-controlled) avatar (experimental condition) or no intergroup contact (i.e., ingroup contact with a white avatar; control condition), with situational empathy (personal distress and empathic interest) being measured through a self-report questionnaire up to a week before and right after the VR contact experience. The experiment showed that satisfying degrees of body ownership of participants' own avatar and co-presence with the contacted avatar can be achieved in simple and universally accessible virtual environments such as AltspaceVR. The results indicated that while VR intergroup contact had no significant direct effect on empathy, exploratory analyses indicated that post-intervention empathic interest increased with stronger feelings of co-presence in the intergroup contact condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Tassinari
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Yu D, Zhao Y, Yin C, Liang F, Chen W. A Network Analysis of the Association Between Intergroup Contact and Intergroup Relations. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:51-69. [PMID: 35027853 PMCID: PMC8752073 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s336740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Intergroup contact is an effective strategy to improve intergroup relationships. Although intergroup relationships have been studied extensively, the individual roles of quantity and quality of contact in relationships with cognition, emotion, and intention of behavior toward other ethnic minority groups are not fully understood. This study explores the situation via network analysis among Zhuang and Yao ethnic minorities in Southwest China. METHODS We investigated the quantity and quality of intergroup contact and cognition, emotion, and intention of behavior among a sample of 543 Zhuang and 490 Yao ethnic group members. Data were analyzed using the R-package. Network structures were analyzed via the Qgraph package, and the accuracy and stability of the network were measured via the Bootnet package; communities were detected via the Igraph package; bridge analyses were conducted via the Networktools package; and the network difference was compared via the Network Comparison Test package. RESULTS The results indicated perceived intimacy is the central node. Quantity of contact constructed a community with "perceived connection," "sense of community," "knowledge about out-group," and "perceived similarity." Meanwhile, quality of contact constructed a community with "intergroup attitude" and a "feeling thermometer." The remainder of the nodes constructed two additional communities. The network global connectivity and structure between the two ethnic groups were highly similar. CONCLUSION The study examined the quantity and quality of intergroup contact via network analysis for two ethnic minority groups. It was shown that the two groups' global network structures of intergroup contact and their effects are highly similar. Specifically, quantity and quality of contact produce different effects on intergroup relations. Quantity of contact has proximal effects, including instant cognitive and emotional response without depth cognition, while quality of contact has proximal effects that may change deep-seated cognition and subsequently improve intergroup relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Yu
- Center for Studies of Education and Psychology of Ethnic Minorities in Southwest China, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Reader Service Dept, Guangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yufang Zhao
- Center for Studies of Education and Psychology of Ethnic Minorities in Southwest China, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenzu Yin
- School of Teacher Education, Hechi University, Hechi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangmei Liang
- School of Teacher Education, Hechi University, Hechi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenyu Chen
- College of Computer and Information Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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Wallrich L, West K, Rutland A. Valuing diversity: an undervalued mediator of intergroup contact. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Wallrich
- Department of Psychology Goldsmiths University of London London UK
| | - Keon West
- Department of Psychology Goldsmiths University of London London UK
| | - Adam Rutland
- Department of Psychology University of Exeter Exeter Devon UK
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Borinca I, Falomir‐Pichastor JM, Andrighetto L, Durante F. Outgroup prejudice and perceptions of prosocial intergroup behaviors. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Islam Borinca
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | | | - Luca Andrighetto
- Department of Educational Science University of Genova Genova Italy
| | - Federica Durante
- Department of Psychology University of Milano‐Bicocca Milan Italy
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Yucel D, Psaltis C. Intergroup contact and willingness for renewed cohabitation in Cyprus: Exploring the mediating and moderating mechanisms. GROUP PROCESSES & INTERGROUP RELATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1368430219845053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
One of the major challenges in divided societies is finding ways to overcome geographical partition by increasing readiness for cohabitation in mixed areas. Cyprus has faced a protracted situation of division (between Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots) for the last 44 years. In this paper, we explore the role of intergroup contact (both quantity and quality of contact) in enhancing the willingness of members of these two communities to reestablish cohabitation, using representative survey samples from both communities. We hypothesize that such an effect is mediated by a decrease in the levels of prejudice between the two communities and an increase in the levels of trust. In addition, we hypothesize that the direct effect of intergroup contact and the indirect effect of intergroup contact through trust and prejudice are both moderated by age. To explore these hypotheses, we collected data from a representative sample of 502 Greek Cypriots and 504 Turkish Cypriots. The hypotheses are tested among the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot samples separately. In both samples, the results show that the positive effect of intergroup contact on willingness for renewed cohabitation is mediated by both trust and prejudice. There is also some support for the moderating effect of age for both the direct and indirect effects of intergroup contact.
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Louis WR, Thomas E, Chapman CM, Achia T, Wibisono S, Mirnajafi Z, Droogendyk L. Emerging research on intergroup prosociality: Group members' charitable giving, positive contact, allyship, and solidarity with others. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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