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Wibowo A, Hastuti P, Susanti V. The Association of Angiotensin-converting Enzyme I/D and Angiotensinogen M235T Polymorphism Genes with Essential Hypertension: A Meta-analysis. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.7628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Essential or primary hypertension in developing countries has become a major problem. Recent hypertension-related research has revealed susceptibility genes in genome-wide association studies. Several studies have associated angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) I/D and angiotensinogen (AGT) M235T polymorphisms with essential hypertension, but results have been inconsistent. This meta-analysis aimed to clarify the association of AGT and ACE polymorphisms with the risk of primary hypertension.
Methods: PubMed, Embase database, Medline, Goggle Scholar, Scopus.com, as well portal Garuda (www.garuda.ristekdikti.go.id) and Cochrane were used to retrieve all publications from 2006-2020 relating risk factors for hypertension with ACE I/D and AGT M235T polymorphisms. The meta-analysis was conducted from January –April 2020. All association studies were identified and data extracted from each study. Revman 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis to estimate odds ratios (OR) after extracting data and evaluating the quality of the enrolled studies.
Results: A total of 27 studies (totaling 5,105 patients and 5196 controls) were identified. The overall effect suggested ACE I/D was significantly associated with primary hypertension (OR: 95%CI=1.51[1.29-1.77], p=0.004). There was no association between AGT M235T with risk of essential hypertension.
Conclusion: This meta-analysis found significant association between ACE I/D gene polymorphisms with primary hypertension susceptibility. However, the AGT M235T gene had no association with the risk of primary hypertension. The Adrenoreceptor-beta/Renin Angiotensin System (ADRB/RAS) A allele should be considered a risk factor for essential hypertension.
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Münzel T, Steven S, Frenis K, Lelieveld J, Hahad O, Daiber A. Environmental Factors Such as Noise and Air Pollution and Vascular Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:581-601. [PMID: 32245334 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: According to the World Health Organization, noncommunicable diseases are the globally leading cause of mortality. Recent Advances: About 71% of 56 million deaths that occurred worldwide are due to noncommunicable cardiovascular risk factors, including tobacco smoking, unhealthy diets, lack of physical activity, overweight, arterial hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia, which can be either avoided or substantially reduced. Critical Issues: Thus, it is estimated that 80% of premature heart disease, stroke, and diabetes can be prevented. More recent evidence indicates that environmental stressors such as noise and air pollution contribute significantly to the global burden of cardiovascular disease. In the present review, we focus primarily on important environmental stressors such as transportation noise and air pollution. We discuss the pathophysiology of vascular damage caused by these environmental stressors, with emphasis on early subclinical damage of the vasculature such as endothelial dysfunction and the role of oxidative stress. Future Directions: Lower legal thresholds and mitigation measures should be implemented and may help to prevent vascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Münzel
- Center of Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Steven
- Center of Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katie Frenis
- Center of Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Omar Hahad
- Center of Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Center of Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Berlin, Germany
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Imran I, Syahrul S, Sofia S, Farida F, Musadir N, Fajar JK. Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme G2350A gene polymorphisms with hypertension among patients with intracerebral haemorrhage. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2019; 14:300-305. [PMID: 31435421 PMCID: PMC6694934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the correlation of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) G2350A gene polymorphisms with hypertension, brain hematoma volume (BHV), level of consciousness, and disease outcome among intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) patients. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in Zainoel Abidin General Hospital from May 2016 to June 2017. Polymerase chain reaction was used to genotype ACE G2350A gene polymorphisms. BHV was assessed using the ABC/2 volume estimation formula. Level of consciousness was assessed by Glasgow coma scale (GCS). Disease outcome was assessed using Glasgow outcome scale (GOS). Association tests for ACE G2350A genotype in the context of hypertension status, BHV, GCS score, and GOS score in subjects with ICH was analysed by multiple logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 75 ICH patients were included in the study. Of those, 59 patients exhibited hypertension, 24 patients had BHV ≥60 cm3, 16 patients possessed GCS scores ≤8, and 72 patients had GOS scores of 1-3. Our analysis determined that the A allele of the ACE G2350A gene polymorphism was significantly associated with a 3.6-fold increase in hypertension; however, this polymorphism was not associated with BHV, level of consciousness, and disease outcome among ICH patients. CONCLUSION The A allele of the ACE G2350A gene polymorphisms is associated with hypertension among ICH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Imran
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Syahrul Syahrul
- Department of Neurology, Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Sofia Sofia
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Farida Farida
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Nasrul Musadir
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Jonny K. Fajar
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
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Hussain M, Awan FR, Gujjar A, Hafeez S, Islam M. A case control association study of ACE gene polymorphism (I/D) with hypertension in Punjabi population from Faisalabad, Pakistan. Clin Exp Hypertens 2017; 40:186-191. [PMID: 29058472 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2017.1356842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is a key component of renin angiotensin aldosterone system. It converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of ACE gene is found associated with several complications. However, its association with hypertension and related metabolic diseases is still controversial. So, the aim of the present study was to check this association for Punjabi population from Faisalabad, Pakistan. For this purpose, blood samples (patients = 100, controls = 48) were collected and several biochemical parameters were measured. Genotyping for ACE (I/D) polymorphism was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. ID genotype is found prevalent in the studied population as 41% in control subjects and 61% in patients. Furthermore, chi-square analysis showed significant (p = 0.005) difference for genotypic frequencies between both groups. One-way ANOVA for association of II, ID, and DD genotypes with anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical parameters showed that in patient group, DD genotype is significantly (p = 0.041) associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP). Moreover, ID genotype is found associated with the presence of cardiovascular diseases. This study concludes that DD genotype is strongly associated with higher SBP in hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misbah Hussain
- a Diabetes and Cardio-Metabolic Disorders Lab, Health Biotechnology Division , National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) , Faisalabad , Pakistan.,b Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS) , Nilore , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Fazli Rabbi Awan
- a Diabetes and Cardio-Metabolic Disorders Lab, Health Biotechnology Division , National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) , Faisalabad , Pakistan.,b Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS) , Nilore , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Amna Gujjar
- c Department of Biotechnology , University of Sargodha , Sargodha , Pakistan
| | - Shakir Hafeez
- c Department of Biotechnology , University of Sargodha , Sargodha , Pakistan
| | - Mehboob Islam
- a Diabetes and Cardio-Metabolic Disorders Lab, Health Biotechnology Division , National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) , Faisalabad , Pakistan
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Zawilla N, Shaker D, Abdelaal A, Aref W. Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphisms and hypertension in occupational noise exposure in Egypt. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2014; 20:194-206. [PMID: 25000107 DOI: 10.1179/2049396714y.0000000067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gene-environment interaction in the pathogenesis of hypertension has not been extensively studied in occupational noise. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between noise and hypertension in Egyptian workers, the interaction of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphisms as modifiers, and the possible relationship between noise hearing impairment and hypertension. METHODS Study subjects were divided into two groups depending on noise exposure level. The control group (n = 161) was exposed to noise intensity <85 dB and the exposed group (n = 217) was exposed to noise intensity ≧85 dB. A polymerase chain reaction was used to differentiate the various genotypes of ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) and ACE G2350A. RESULTS Noise significantly increased the likelihood of hypertension. Carriers of the genotypes AG, GG, and DD were vulnerable to hypertension on noise exposure. No association between hypertension and hearing impairment or noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) was found. CONCLUSION Our results support the association between ACE gene polymorphisms and occurrence of hypertension in noise-exposed workers.
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Kumar A, Prasad K, Vivekanandhan S, Srivastava A, Goswami S, Srivastava MVP, Tripathi M. Association between angiotensin converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and intracerebral haemorrhage in North Indian population: a case control study and meta-analysis. Neurol Sci 2014; 35:1983-90. [PMID: 25016961 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-014-1877-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion polymorphism and ICH with an ACE level in a North Indian population. Patient with ICH and age- and sex- matched control subjects were recruited. Case control study design was used. Genotyping was performed by using Polymerase chain reaction. Serum ACE levels were measured by colorimetric method. Our results were integrated with other reported studies across different countries in a meta-analysis. One hundred and six patients with ICH and 106 age- and sex- matched control subjects were recruited. Mean age of cases and control subjects were 53.4 ± 1 and 52.9 ± 13.4, respectively. The DD genotypes were more frequency distributed in cases compared with controls (OR 2; 95 % CI, 1.02-3.8, P = 0.04) under a recessive model of inheritance. Meta-analysis suggests significant association between ACE I/D polymorphism and risk of ICH (OR 1.98; 95 % CI, 1.53-2.57) under the recessive model of inheritance and under the dominant model of inheritance (OR 1.31; 95 % CI, 1.18-1.45). The findings of the present study show a significant association between ACE insertion/deletion polymorphism and ICH. Meta-analysis indicate that ACE I/D polymorphism may be a susceptible marker for risk factor of ICH in Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kumar
- Department of Neurology, Neurosciences Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India,
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Liu Y, Li P, Hu X, Hu Y, Sun HG, Ma WC, Qiao F, He M, You C. Angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion gene polymorphism and risk of intracranial aneurysm in a Chinese population. J Int Med Res 2013; 41:1079-87. [PMID: 23847294 DOI: 10.1177/0300060513487625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The relationship between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) gene polymorphisms and intracranial aneurysm (IA) has been studied in Caucasian and Japanese populations. The present study aimed to investigate this association in a Chinese population. Methods Patients with confirmed IA and age- and sex-matched control subjects without evidence of IA were enrolled. ACE I/D gene polymorphisms were analysed using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results A total of 220 patients with IA and 220 matched controls were enrolled. In the IA group, 64, 106 and 50 patients were of the II, ID and DD genotypes, respectively, compared with 44, 99 and 77 subjects in the control group. The ACE DD genotype and D allele frequencies were significantly lower in the IA group compared with the control group. There were no statistically significant differences in the site, shape, size and Fisher Grade of aneurysms between genotypes in patients with IA. Conclusion The ACE DD genotype may be a protective factor for IA in a Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao-Gen Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei-Chao Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fei Qiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Min He
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chao You
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Huang Y, Li G, Lan H, Zhao G, Huang C. Angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion gene polymorphisms and risk of intracerebral hemorrhage: a meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2013; 15:32-8. [PMID: 23477969 DOI: 10.1177/1470320313481838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies investigating the association between the intron 16 insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism (rs4646994) in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene and risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) have reported conflicting results. We here performed a meta-analysis based on the evidence currently available from the literature to make a more precise estimation of this relationship. Published literature from the National Library of Medline and Embase databases were retrieved. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence limits (CLs) were calculated in fixed- or random-effects models when appropriate. Subgroup analyses were performed by race. This meta-analysis included six case-control studies, which included 744 ICH cases and 1411 controls. The combined results based on all studies showed that ICH cases had a significantly lower frequency of ID genotype (OR (codominant model) = 0.43, 95% CL = 0.22, 0.84, p = 0.01). In the subgroup analysis by race, we found that ICH cases had a significantly lower frequency of II genotype in Asians (OR (recessive model) = 0.50, 95% CL = 0.38, 0.66, p < 0.001; OR (codominant model) = 0.25, 95% CL = 0.09, 0.71, p = 0.009). In conclusion, our meta-analysis suggests that ACE I/D polymorphisms are associated with ICH, especially in Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangxi Minzu Hospital, China
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Joseph PG, Pare G, Anand SS. Exploring Gene-Environment Relationships in Cardiovascular Disease. Can J Cardiol 2013; 29:37-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Association study of ACE polymorphisms and systemic lupus erythematosus in Northern Chinese Han population. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:9485-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1813-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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