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Moody E, McDougall H, Weeks LE, Belliveau A, Bilski P, Macdonald M, Williams L, Khanna I, Jamieson H, Bradbury K, Rothfus M, Koller K, Adisaputri G. Nursing interventions to improve care of people living with dementia in hospital: A mixed methods systematic review. Int J Nurs Stud 2024; 158:104838. [PMID: 39002356 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2024.104838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are growing numbers of people living with dementia being admitted to acute care hospitals. Hospitalization for people living with dementia can be difficult and is often associated with negative outcomes. Nurses play a significant role in shaping the hospital experience of people living with dementia, and there have been efforts to design, implement and evaluate interventions to improve nursing care of people living with dementia. OBJECTIVE To synthesize evidence on the effectiveness of, and experiences with, nursing interventions to improve care of hospitalized people living with dementia. DESIGN Mixed methods systematic review following the JBI convergent segregated approach to synthesis and integration of findings. METHODS The quantitative component considered studies that evaluated nursing interventions to improve the care of people living with dementia in hospital, comparing the intervention to usual care, other therapeutic modalities, or no comparator. The qualitative component considered studies that explored the experiences of nursing interventions from the perspectives of people living with dementia, caregivers, and nurses. A total of 8 databases were used to search for published and unpublished studies. Titles, abstracts, and full text selections were screened by two or more independent reviewers and assessed for methodological quality. RESULTS A total of 38 studies were included in the review, 24 quantitative, 9 qualitative and 5 mixed method designs. Critical appraisal scores were moderate. All studies regardless of methodological quality were included in the review. Interventions were grouped as principally related to (1) dementia education for nurses, (2) technology, (3) nursing skills, and (4) physical environment. Outcomes are presented related to health outcomes of people living with dementia; nurses' knowledge, confidence, and self-efficacy; and health system outcomes. As the interventions were heterogeneous, a meta-analysis of quantitative findings was not possible. The qualitative analysis incorporated 60 findings from 12 studies and led to nine categories and two synthesized findings recognizing external influences on nurses' practice with people living with dementia and the importance of interventions to humanize nurses' work with people living with dementia. Integration of the quantitative and qualitative results demonstrates the need to recognize the role of organization- and unit-level factors in the design and implementation of effective interventions. CONCLUSIONS There is limited high-quality evidence to demonstrate the effectiveness of interventions to improve nursing care of people living with dementia in hospital. Using approaches to intervention design and implementation that draw on models of behavior change and learning health systems may support effective change. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION NUMBER PROSPERO 2021CRD42021230951.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Moody
- School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Aligning Health Needs with Evidence for Transformative Change (AH-NET-C): A JBI Centre of Excellence, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| | | | - Lori E Weeks
- School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Aligning Health Needs with Evidence for Transformative Change (AH-NET-C): A JBI Centre of Excellence, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | | | - Marilyn Macdonald
- School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Aligning Health Needs with Evidence for Transformative Change (AH-NET-C): A JBI Centre of Excellence, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Lane Williams
- School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Ishani Khanna
- School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Hannah Jamieson
- School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Kelly Bradbury
- School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Melissa Rothfus
- Aligning Health Needs with Evidence for Transformative Change (AH-NET-C): A JBI Centre of Excellence, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; WK Kellogg Health Sciences Library, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Munsterman E, Petersen S, Newcomb P. Use of Socially Assistive Robots to Improve Outcomes Among Hospitalized Older Adults With Dementia: A Pilot Randomized Trial. J Gerontol Nurs 2024; 50:11-16. [PMID: 39361635 DOI: 10.3928/00989134-20240912-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the use of the PARO robotic pet seal for hospitalized older adults with dementia and compare the effects of PARO use with visits by a human on various outcomes, including physical restraint use, psychotropic medications, bedside sitters, and delirium. METHOD Complete data for 38 participants were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U and chi-square tests. RESULTS Participants interacting with PARO spent less time in their interactions; however, they received fewer psychotropic medications and had fewer instances of delirium than those who interacted with human visitors only. CONCLUSION Aspects of hospitalization may limit the time an older adult can sustain attention or be free from interruption; however, short, repeated visits with PARO may affect the development of delirium and decrease use of medications to alter behavior in the hospital setting. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 50(10), 11-16.].
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De Micco F, Grassi S, Tomassini L, Di Palma G, Ricchezze G, Scendoni R. Robotics and AI into healthcare from the perspective of European regulation: who is responsible for medical malpractice? Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1428504. [PMID: 39309674 PMCID: PMC11412847 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1428504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The integration of robotics and artificial intelligence into medical practice is radically revolutionising patient care. This fusion of advanced technologies with healthcare offers a number of significant benefits, including more precise diagnoses, personalised treatments and improved health data management. However, it is critical to address very carefully the medico-legal challenges associated with this progress. The responsibilities between the different players concerned in medical liability cases are not yet clearly defined, especially when artificial intelligence is involved in the decision-making process. Complexity increases when technology intervenes between a person's action and the result, making it difficult for the patient to prove harm or negligence. In addition, there is the risk of an unfair distribution of blame between physicians and healthcare institutions. The analysis of European legislation highlights the critical issues related to the attribution of legal personality to autonomous robots and the recognition of strict liability for medical doctors and healthcare institutions. Although European legislation has helped to standardise the rules on this issue, some questions remain unresolved. We argue that specific laws are needed to address the issue of medical liability in cases where robotics and artificial intelligence are used in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco De Micco
- Research Unit of Bioethics and Humanities, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Operative Research Unit of Clinical Affairs, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Grassi
- Forensic Medical Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Tomassini
- School of Law, Legal Medicine, Camerino University, Camerino, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Di Palma
- Operative Research Unit of Clinical Affairs, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
- Department of Public Health, Experimental, and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Ricchezze
- Department of Law, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy
| | - Roberto Scendoni
- Department of Law, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy
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Dada S, van der Walt C, May AA, Murray J. Intelligent assistive technology devices for persons with dementia: A scoping review. Assist Technol 2024; 36:338-351. [PMID: 34644248 DOI: 10.1080/10400435.2021.1992540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Assistive technology (AT) with context-aware computing and artificial intelligence capabilities can be applied to address cognitive and communication impairments experienced by persons with dementia (PwD). This paper aims to provide an overview of current literature regarding some characteristics of intelligent assistive technology devices (IATDs) for cognitive and communicative impairments of PwD. It also aims to identify the areas of impairment addressed by these IATDs.A multi-faceted systematic search strategy yielded records. Predefined criteria were applied for inclusion and data extraction. Thereafter data was thematically analysed and synthesised. This review demonstrates that almost all of the research involving IATDs has focused on cognitive impairments of PwD and has not yet evolved past the conceptual or prototype stages of development. Summaries of commercially available IATDs for PwD and relevant prototypes are provided at the end of this review.This research concluded that IATDs for PwD targeting cognition and communication problems primarily focus on social robots, and that they address cognitive impairments of attention, affect, and social-pragmatic communicative impairments. Future research endeavours concerning AT for PwD should explore collaboration between computer engineering and health practitioners to address the identified gaps. This may contribute to the available information for evidence-based decision making for PwD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakila Dada
- Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication, University of Pretoria
| | | | - Adele A May
- Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication, University of Pretoria
| | - Janice Murray
- Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication, University of Pretoria
- Manchester Metropolitan University
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De Micco F, Tambone V, Frati P, Cingolani M, Scendoni R. Disability 4.0: bioethical considerations on the use of embodied artificial intelligence. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1437280. [PMID: 39219800 PMCID: PMC11362069 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1437280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Robotics and artificial intelligence have marked the beginning of a new era in the care and integration of people with disabilities, helping to promote their independence, autonomy and social participation. In this area, bioethical reflection assumes a key role at anthropological, ethical, legal and socio-political levels. However, there is currently a substantial diversity of opinions and ethical arguments, as well as a lack of consensus on the use of assistive robots, while the focus remains predominantly on the usability of products. The article presents a bioethical analysis that highlights the risk arising from using embodied artificial intelligence according to a functionalist model. Failure to recognize disability as the result of a complex interplay between health, personal and situational factors could result in potential damage to the intrinsic dignity of the person and human relations with healthcare workers. Furthermore, the danger of discrimination in accessing these new technologies is highlighted, emphasizing the need for an ethical approach that considers the social and moral implications of implementing embodied AI in the field of rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco De Micco
- Research Unit of Bioethics and Humanities, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Operative Research Unit of Clinical Affairs, Healthcare Bioethics Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Vittoradolfo Tambone
- Research Unit of Bioethics and Humanities, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Operative Research Unit of Clinical Affairs, Healthcare Bioethics Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Frati
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariano Cingolani
- Department of Law, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy
| | - Roberto Scendoni
- Department of Law, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy
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Wangmo T, Duong V, Felber NA, Tian YJA, Mihailov E. No playing around with robots? Ambivalent attitudes toward the use of Paro in elder care. Nurs Inq 2024; 31:e12645. [PMID: 38812242 DOI: 10.1111/nin.12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
This paper explores the ways in which health care professionals, family carers, and older persons expressed attitudes and opinions on using Paro, a social robot designed to stimulate patients with dementia. Thereafter, we critically evaluate existing prejudicial views toward Paro users to provide recommendations for its future use. Using an exploratory qualitative interview method, we recruited a total of 67 participants in Switzerland. They included 23 care professionals, 17 family carers, and 27 older persons. Data obtained were analyzed thematically. Study findings present general agreement that Paro is an appealing and beneficial social robot, but it is not a tool that everyone feels comfortable with. Because it is perceived as "child play," it would be demeaning for competent adults to play with such things. Consequently, Paro is appropriate only for persons with dementia. These findings brought forth ethical concerns about deception, infantilization, and respecting older persons' dignity. The idea of who is an appropriate Paro user led to our discussions on predicting future Paro users. The meaning of using social robotics in nursing homes can be conditioned by a rigid interpretation of adulthood and playful behavior. To protect future selves when one is living with dementia from prejudices, it may be useful for older persons and their loved ones to plan their future care situations to ensure that they are treated in accordance with their delineated decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenzin Wangmo
- Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Duong
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Emilian Mihailov
- Research Center in Applied Ethics, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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Tahan K, Cayrier A, Baratgin J, N'kaoua B. ZORA robot to assist a caregiver in prospective memory tasks: A preliminary study. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38648448 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2024.2343766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the interest of an assistance robot to help caregivers manage the activities of daily living of institutionalized elderly people with Alzheimer's disease. Twenty-three institutionalized persons (60% women; average age 89; average MMSE score of 20.8) with Alzheimer Disease (AD) were recruited and invited to participate in prospective memory exercise sessions, conducted either by a caregiver or by a robot (assisted by a caregiver). They were divided into two groups equivalent in age, level of education and MMSE score. In addition, the sessions were recorded in order to compare the interaction behaviors of the 2 groups, using a validated observation grid. The results showed that: 1) prospective memory tasks are better performed when offered by the caregiver; 2) when strong help linked to the recovery index is provided to perform the tasks, the robot or caregiver no longer show significant differences; 3) participants interact more with the caregiver than with the robot. Our results confirm that the use of companion robots is a promising way to help caregivers manage the daily activities of people with Alzheimer's. However, to optimize this assistance, further investigations should be conducted to improve the fluidity of interactions between the patient and the robot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerem Tahan
- INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, University of Bordeaux & Colisée Group, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Jean Baratgin
- CHArt (Research Unit: Human and Artificial Cognition), University of Paris 8, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Bernard N'kaoua
- INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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Kirby P, Lai H, Horrocks S, Harrison M, Wilson D, Daniels S, Calvo RA, Sharp DJ, Alexander CM. Patient and Public Involvement in Technology-Related Dementia Research: Scoping Review. JMIR Aging 2024; 7:e48292. [PMID: 38437014 PMCID: PMC10949132 DOI: 10.2196/48292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Technology-related research on people with dementia and their carers often aims to enable people to remain living at home for longer and prevent unnecessary hospital admissions. To develop person-centered, effective, and ethical research, patient and public involvement (PPI) is necessary, although it may be perceived as more difficult with this cohort. With recent and rapid expansions in health and care-related technology, this review explored how and with what impact collaborations between researchers and stakeholders such as people with dementia and their carers have taken place. OBJECTIVE This review aims to describe approaches to PPI used to date in technology-related dementia research, along with the barriers and facilitators and impact of PPI in this area. METHODS A scoping review of literature related to dementia, technology, and PPI was conducted using MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, and CINAHL. Papers were screened for inclusion by 2 authors. Data were then extracted using a predesigned data extraction table by the same 2 authors. A third author supported the resolution of any conflicts at each stage. Barriers to and facilitators of undertaking PPI were then examined and themed. RESULTS The search yielded 1694 papers, with 31 (1.83%) being analyzed after screening. Most (21/31, 68%) did not make clear distinctions between activities undertaken as PPI and those undertaken by research participants, and as such, their involvement did not fit easily into the National Institute for Health and Care Research definition of PPI. Most of this mixed involvement focused on reviewing or evaluating technology prototypes. A range of approaches were described, most typically using focus groups or co-design workshops. In total, 29% (9/31) described involvement at multiple stages throughout the research cycle, sometimes with evidence of sharing decision-making power. Some (23/31, 74%) commented on barriers to or facilitators of effective PPI. The challenges identified often regarded issues of working with people with significant cognitive impairments and pressures on time and resources. Where reported, the impact of PPI was largely reported as positive, including the experiences for patient and public partners, the impact on research quality, and the learning experience it provided for researchers. Only 4 (13%) papers used formal methods for evaluating impact. CONCLUSIONS Researchers often involve people with dementia and other stakeholders in technology research. At present, involvement is often limited in scope despite aspirations for high levels of involvement and partnership working. Involving people with dementia, their carers, and other stakeholders can have a positive impact on research, patient and public partners, and researchers. Wider reporting of methods and facilitative strategies along with more formalized methods for recording and reporting on meaningful impact would be helpful so that all those involved-researchers, patients, and other stakeholders-can learn how we can best conduct research together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pippa Kirby
- Department of Therapies, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Care Research and Technology Centre (UK DRI CR&T), London, United Kingdom
- Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Lai
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Care Research and Technology Centre (UK DRI CR&T), London, United Kingdom
- Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Horrocks
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Care Research and Technology Centre (UK DRI CR&T), London, United Kingdom
- Helix Centre, Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Harrison
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Care Research and Technology Centre (UK DRI CR&T), London, United Kingdom
- Helix Centre, Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Danielle Wilson
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Care Research and Technology Centre (UK DRI CR&T), London, United Kingdom
- Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Daniels
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Care Research and Technology Centre (UK DRI CR&T), London, United Kingdom
- Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rafael A Calvo
- Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David J Sharp
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Care Research and Technology Centre (UK DRI CR&T), London, United Kingdom
- Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline M Alexander
- Department of Therapies, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Cho E, Shin J, Seok JW, Lee H, Lee KH, Jang J, Heo SJ, Kang B. The effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions using information and communication technologies for behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Nurs Stud 2023; 138:104392. [PMID: 36434931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2022.104392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia are a global public health challenge, non-pharmacological interventions using information and communication technologies can be an affordable, cost-effective, and innovative solution. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions using information and communication technologies on the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia and identify potential moderators of intervention effects. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from May 2022. Randomized controlled trials that examined the effects of non-pharmacological interventions using information and communication technologies on the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia were included. A meta-analysis using a random-effects model was performed to calculate the pooled standardized mean differences between overall symptoms and each type of symptom. For moderator analyses, subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed. RESULTS Sixteen trials (15 articles) met the eligibility criteria. The interventions were grouped into activity engagement interventions using digital health that provided music and reminiscence therapy, physical exercise, social interaction interventions using social robots, and telehealth-based care aid interventions that provided coaching or counseling programs. Pooled evidence demonstrated that non-pharmacological interventions using information and communication technologies exerted a large effect on depression (SMD = -1.088, 95% CI -1.983 to -0.193, p = 0.017), a moderate effect on overall behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (SMD = -0.664, 95% CI -0.990 to -0.338, p < 0.001), and agitation (SMD = -0.586, 95% CI -1.130 to -0.042, p = 0.035). No effects on neuropsychiatric symptoms (SMD = -0.251, 95% CI -0.579 to 0.077, p = 0.133), anxiety (SMD = -0.541, 95% CI -1.270 to 0.188, p = 0.146), and apathy (SMD = -0.830, 95% CI -1.835 to 0.176, p = 0.106) were reported. Moderator analyses identified the mean age of the participants as a potential moderator of intervention effects. CONCLUSIONS Evidence from this systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that non-pharmacological interventions, using information and communication technologies, were an applicable approach to managing behavioral and psychological symptoms among older adults with dementia, with moderate to large effect sizes. However, evidence on anxiety and apathy is inconclusive due to the limited number of existing randomized controlled trials. Future studies with subgroup analyses are warranted to conclude the most effective types of intervention using information and communication technologies for each type of symptom. REGISTRATION CRD42021258498.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhee Cho
- Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Nursing, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Yonsei Evidence Based Nursing Centre of Korea: A JBI Affiliated Group, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jinhee Shin
- College of Nursing, Woosuk University, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jo Woon Seok
- Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Nursing, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyangkyu Lee
- Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Nursing, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Yonsei Evidence Based Nursing Centre of Korea: A JBI Affiliated Group, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung Hee Lee
- Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Nursing, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Yonsei Evidence Based Nursing Centre of Korea: A JBI Affiliated Group, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jiyoon Jang
- College of Nursing and Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seok-Jae Heo
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bada Kang
- Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Nursing, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Yonsei Evidence Based Nursing Centre of Korea: A JBI Affiliated Group, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Huang R, Li H, Suomi R, Li C, Peltoniemi T. Intelligent Physical Robots in Health Care: Systematic Literature Review. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e39786. [PMID: 36652280 PMCID: PMC9892988 DOI: 10.2196/39786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intelligent physical robots based on artificial intelligence have been argued to bring about dramatic changes in health care services. Previous research has examined the use of intelligent physical robots in the health care context from different perspectives; however, an overview of the antecedents and consequences of intelligent physical robot use in health care is lacking in the literature. OBJECTIVE In this paper, we aimed to provide an overview of the antecedents and consequences of intelligent physical robot use in health care and to propose potential agendas for future research through a systematic literature review. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature review on intelligent physical robots in the health care field following the guidelines of PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Literature searches were conducted in 5 databases (PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, Embase, and CINAHL) in May 2021, focusing on studies using intelligent physical robots for health care purposes. Subsequently, the quality of the included studies was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. We performed an exploratory content analysis and synthesized the findings extracted from the included articles. RESULTS A total of 94 research articles were included in the review. Intelligent physical robots, including mechanoid, humanoid, android, and animalistic robots, have been used in hospitals, nursing homes, mental health care centers, laboratories, and patients' homes by both end customers and health care professionals. The antecedents for intelligent physical robot use are categorized into individual-, organization-, and robot-related factors. Intelligent physical robot use in the health care context leads to both non-health-related consequences (emotional outcomes, attitude and evaluation outcomes, and behavioral outcomes) and consequences for (physical, mental, and social) health promotion for individual users. Accordingly, an integrative framework was proposed to obtain an overview of the antecedents and consequences of intelligent physical robot use in the health care context. CONCLUSIONS This study contributes to the literature by summarizing current knowledge in the field of intelligent physical robot use in health care, by identifying the antecedents and the consequences of intelligent physical robot use, and by proposing potential future research agendas in the specific area based on the research findings in the literature and the identified knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Huang
- Department of Management and Entrepreneurship, Turku School of Economics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Hongxiu Li
- Department of Information and Knowledge Management, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Reima Suomi
- Department of Management and Entrepreneurship, Turku School of Economics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Chenglong Li
- Department of Information and Knowledge Management, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Teijo Peltoniemi
- Department of Management and Entrepreneurship, Turku School of Economics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Koh WQ, Vandemeulebroucke T, Gastmans C, Miranda R, Van den Block L. The ethics of pet robots in dementia care settings: Care professionals' and organisational leaders' ethical intuitions. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1052889. [PMID: 36756218 PMCID: PMC9899814 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1052889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pet robots are gaining momentum as a technology-based intervention to support the psychosocial wellbeing of people with dementia. Current research suggests that they can reduce agitation, improve mood and social engagement. The implementation of pet robots in care for persons with dementia raises several ethical debates. However, there is a paucity of empirical evidence to uncover care providers' ethical intuitions, defined as individuals' fundamental moral knowledge that are not underpinned by any specific propositions. OBJECTIVES Explore care professionals' and organisational leaders' ethical intuitions before and when implementing pet robots in nursing homes for routine dementia care. MATERIALS AND METHODS We undertook a secondary qualitative analysis of data generated from in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 22 care professionals and organisational leaders from eight nursing homes in Ireland. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Ethical constructs derived from a comprehensive review of argument-based ethics literature were used to guide the deductive coding of concepts. An inductive approach was used to generate open codes not falling within the pre-existing concepts. FINDINGS Ethical intuitions for implementing pet robots manifested at three levels: an (1) individual-relational, (2) organisational and (3) societal level. At the individual-relational level, ethical intuitions involved supporting the autonomy of residents and care providers, using the robots to alleviate residents' social isolation, and the physical and psychosocial impacts associated with their use. Some care providers had differing sentiments about anthropomorphizing pet robots. At the organisational level, intuitions related to the use of pet robots to relieve care provision, changes to the organisational workflow, and varying extents of openness amongst care providers to use technological innovations. At the societal level, intuitions pertained conceptions of dementia care in nursing homes, and social justice relating to the affordability and availability of pet robots. Discrepancies between participants' ethical intuitions and existing philosophical arguments were uncovered. CONCLUSION Care professionals and organisational leaders had different opinions on how pet robots are or should be implemented for residents with dementia. Future research should consider involving care practitioners, people with dementia, and their family members in the ethics dialogue to support the sustainable, ethical use of pet robots in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qi Koh
- College of Nursing, Medicine, and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Tijs Vandemeulebroucke
- Sustainable AI Lab, Institut für Wissenschaft und Ethik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Chris Gastmans
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics and Law, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rose Miranda
- End-of-Life Care Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) and Ghent University, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lieve Van den Block
- End-of-Life Care Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) and Ghent University, Brussels, Belgium
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12
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Morgan AA, Abdi J, Syed MAQ, Kohen GE, Barlow P, Vizcaychipi MP. Robots in Healthcare: a Scoping Review. CURRENT ROBOTICS REPORTS 2022; 3:271-280. [PMID: 36311256 PMCID: PMC9589563 DOI: 10.1007/s43154-022-00095-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Robots are increasingly being adopted in healthcare to carry out various tasks that enhance patient care. This scoping review aims to establish the types of robots being used in healthcare and identify where they are deployed.
Recent Findings Technological advancements have enabled robots to conduct increasingly varied and complex roles in healthcare. For instance, precision tasks such as improving dexterity following stroke or assisting with percutaneous coronary intervention. Summary This review found that robots have played 10 main roles across a variety of clinical environments. The two predominant roles were surgical and rehabilitation and mobility. Although robots were mainly studied in the surgical theatre and rehabilitation unit, other settings ranged from the hospital ward to inpatient pharmacy. Healthcare needs are constantly evolving, as demonstrated by COVID-19, and robots may assist in adapting to these changes. The future will involve increased telepresence and infrastructure systems will have to improve to allow for this. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43154-022-00095-4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordan Abdi
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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13
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Chen SC, Jones C, Moyle W. The Impact of Engagement with the PARO Therapeutic Robot on the Psychological Benefits of Older Adults with Dementia. Clin Gerontol 2022:1-13. [PMID: 36062840 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2022.2117674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the effect of 8-weeks of a 60-minute PARO intervention to reduce depressive symptoms and loneliness in older adults with dementia and investigated changes in their emotional or behavioral expressions and level of engagement with the PARO robot. METHODS This was a quasi-experimental study with a repeated measures design. The outcome measures were evaluated at four time-points: before the intervention, week 4, immediately after the intervention, and one month after the PARO intervention. RESULTS Fifty-two participants were recruited. The age of the participants ranged from 65 to 96 years, with a mean age of 81.81 years (SD = 8.54) in the PARO group and 79.08 years (SD = 7.71) in the control group. Using a mixed between-within subjects' analysis of variance, the results showed that there were significant interaction effects between the groups and time-periods for depression (p < .000), loneliness (p < .000), and engagement (p < .000). CONCLUSIONS The PARO intervention alleviated depression and loneliness for older adults. Furthermore, the process of engagement with PARO may play an important role in the PARO effects. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS A tailored PARO intervention of at least 4 weeks could engender positive psychological benefits for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chuan Chen
- Department of Nursing, National Tainan Junior College of Nursing, Tainan, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Cindy Jones
- Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wendy Moyle
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
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14
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Anderson M, Menon R, Oak K, Allan L. The use of technology for social interaction by people with dementia: A scoping review. PLOS DIGITAL HEALTH 2022; 1:e0000053. [PMID: 36812560 PMCID: PMC9931370 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
People with dementia (PwD) are at risk of experiencing loneliness, which is associated with physical and mental health difficulties [1]. Technology is a possible tool to increase social connection and reduce loneliness. This scoping review aims to examine the current evidence regarding the use of technology to reduce loneliness in PwD. A scoping review was carried out. Medline, PsychINFO, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane database, NHS Evidence, Trials register, Open Grey, ACM Digital Library and IEEE Xplore were searched in April 2021. A sensitive search strategy was constructed using combinations of free text and thesaurus terms to retrieve articles about dementia, technology and social-interaction. Pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria were used. Paper quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) and results reported according to PRISMA guidelines [2,3]. 73 papers were identified publishing the results of 69 studies. Technological interventions included robots, tablets/computers and other forms of technology. Methodologies were varied and limited synthesis was possible. There is some evidence that technology is a beneficial intervention to reduce loneliness. Important considerations include personalisation and the context of the intervention. The current evidence is limited and variable; future research is warranted including studies with specific loneliness outcome measures, studies focusing on PwD living alone, and technology as part of intervention programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merryn Anderson
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Rachel Menon
- Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Bodmin, United Kingdom
| | - Katy Oak
- Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital Trust, Truro, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Allan
- Centre for Research into Ageing and Cognitive Health, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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15
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Su Z, Bentley BL, McDonnell D, Ahmad J, He J, Shi F, Takeuchi K, Cheshmehzangi A, da Veiga CP. 6G and Artificial Intelligence Technologies for Dementia Care: Literature Review and Practical Analysis. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e30503. [PMID: 35475733 PMCID: PMC9096635 DOI: 10.2196/30503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The dementia epidemic is progressing fast. As the world’s older population keeps skyrocketing, the traditional incompetent, time-consuming, and laborious interventions are becoming increasingly insufficient to address dementia patients’ health care needs. This is particularly true amid COVID-19. Instead, efficient, cost-effective, and technology-based strategies, such as sixth-generation communication solutions (6G) and artificial intelligence (AI)-empowered health solutions, might be the key to successfully managing the dementia epidemic until a cure becomes available. However, while 6G and AI technologies hold great promise, no research has examined how 6G and AI applications can effectively and efficiently address dementia patients’ health care needs and improve their quality of life. Objective This study aims to investigate ways in which 6G and AI technologies could elevate dementia care to address this study gap. Methods A literature review was conducted in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO. The search focused on three themes: dementia, 6G, and AI technologies. The initial search was conducted on April 25, 2021, complemented by relevant articles identified via a follow-up search on November 11, 2021, and Google Scholar alerts. Results The findings of the study were analyzed in terms of the interplay between people with dementia’s unique health challenges and the promising capabilities of health technologies, with in-depth and comprehensive analyses of advanced technology-based solutions that could address key dementia care needs, ranging from impairments in memory (eg, Egocentric Live 4D Perception), speech (eg, Project Relate), motor (eg, Avatar Robot Café), cognitive (eg, Affectiva), to social interactions (eg, social robots). Conclusions To live is to grow old. Yet dementia is neither a proper way to live nor a natural aging process. By identifying advanced health solutions powered by 6G and AI opportunities, our study sheds light on the imperative of leveraging the potential of advanced technologies to elevate dementia patients’ will to live, enrich their daily activities, and help them engage in societies across shapes and forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Su
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Barry L Bentley
- Cardiff School of Technologies, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Dean McDonnell
- Department of Humanities, Institute of Technology Carlow, Carlow, Ireland
| | - Junaid Ahmad
- Prime Institute of Public Health, Peshawar Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Jiguang He
- Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Feng Shi
- Department of Research and Development, Shanghai United Imaging Intelligence, Shanghai, China
| | - Kazuaki Takeuchi
- Ory Laboratory Inc, Tokyo, Japan.,Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ali Cheshmehzangi
- Department of Architecture and Built Environment, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China.,Network for Education and Research on Peace and Sustainability, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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16
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Guemghar I, Pires de Oliveira Padilha P, Abdel-Baki A, Jutras-Aswad D, Paquette J, Pomey MP. Social Robot Interventions in Mental Health Care and Their Outcomes, Barriers, and Facilitators: Scoping Review. JMIR Ment Health 2022; 9:e36094. [PMID: 35438639 PMCID: PMC9066335 DOI: 10.2196/36094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of social robots as innovative therapeutic tools has been increasingly explored in recent years in an effort to address the growing need for alternative intervention modalities in mental health care. OBJECTIVE The aim of this scoping review was to identify and describe social robot interventions in mental health facilities and to highlight their outcomes as well as the barriers and facilitators to their implementation. METHODS A scoping review of the literature published since 2015 was conducted using the Arksey and O'Malley's framework. The MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and PsycINFO databases were searched, and 2239 papers were retrieved. The papers included were primary empirical studies published in peer-reviewed literature. Eligible studies were set in mental health facilities and they included participants with a known mental health disorder. The methodological quality of the included papers was also assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. RESULTS A total of 30 papers met the eligibility criteria for this review. Studies involved participants with dementia, cognitive impairment, schizophrenia, depression, autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and an intellectual disability. The outcomes studied included engagement, social interaction, emotional state, agitation, behavior, and quality of life. CONCLUSIONS The methodological weaknesses of the studies conducted this far and the lack of diversity in the conditions studied limit the generalizability of the results. However, despite the presence of certain barriers to their implementation (eg, technical problems, unsuitable environment, staff resistance), social robot interventions generally show positive effects on patients with mental health disorders. Studies of stronger methodological quality are needed to further understand the benefits and the place of social robots in mental health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Guemghar
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Amal Abdel-Baki
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Didier Jutras-Aswad
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jesseca Paquette
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Pascale Pomey
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre d'Excellence pour le Partenariat avec les Patients et le Public, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Gestion, Évaluation et Politique de Santé, École de Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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17
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Penčić M, Čavić M, Oros D, Vrgović P, Babković K, Orošnjak M, Čavić D. Anthropomorphic Robotic Eyes: Structural Design and Non-Verbal Communication Effectiveness. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:3060. [PMID: 35459046 PMCID: PMC9024502 DOI: 10.3390/s22083060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper shows the structure of a mechanical system with 9 DOFs for driving robot eyes, as well as the system's ability to produce facial expressions. It consists of three subsystems which enable the motion of the eyeballs, eyelids, and eyebrows independently to the rest of the face. Due to its structure, the mechanical system of the eyeballs is able to reproduce all of the motions human eyes are capable of, which is an important condition for the realization of binocular function of the artificial robot eyes, as well as stereovision. From a kinematic standpoint, the mechanical systems of the eyeballs, eyelids, and eyebrows are highly capable of generating the movements of the human eye. The structure of a control system is proposed with the goal of realizing the desired motion of the output links of the mechanical systems. The success of the mechanical system is also rated on how well it enables the robot to generate non-verbal emotional content, which is why an experiment was conducted. Due to this, the face of the human-like robot MARKO was used, covered with a face mask to aid in focusing the participants on the eye region. The participants evaluated the efficiency of the robot's non-verbal communication, with certain emotions achieving a high rate of recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Penčić
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.Č.); (D.O.); (P.V.); (K.B.); (M.O.); (D.Č.)
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18
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Effects of Social Robotics in Promoting Physical Activity in the Shared Workspace. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14074006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a design study exploring the effects of a social robot in facilitating people to participate in light-intensity exercises after a long duration of sitting in a shared workspace. A smart system based on a trolley-like robot, called the Anti-Sedentary Robot, was developed to realize the health intervention as follows. To start, the robot could navigate to the location of a sedentary worker to invite them to participate in a temporal voluntary service of returning items. Upon the invitation being accepted, the robot would then move with the worker to return the item and simultaneously provide guidance for physical exercises. Based on the Anti-Sedentary Robot, a within-subject study (n = 18) was carried out to examine exercise motivations and psychological benefits of our design by making comparisons between a robot-guided intervention and a human-guided intervention. Quantitative results showed that the health intervention based on the Anti-Sedentary Robot increased intrinsic motivations and provided acute mental benefits compared to the human-guided intervention. Qualitative findings suggested that the Anti-sedentary Robot could combat work-related sedentary behaviors due to the pleasant system interactivity and the provision of reciprocal voluntary tasks. We discuss implications for the future development of social robots for office vitality based on our research findings.
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19
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Human–Robot Companionship: Cultural Ideas, Limitations, and Aspirations. An Analysis of Sex Robot Marketing Videos. Int J Soc Robot 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12369-022-00865-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAs society moves swiftly towards incorporating an increased number of social robots, the need for a deeper cultural understanding of companionship as a critical social aspect of human–robot connection is urgent. This cultural study examines how three of the most popular and publicly available sex robot marketing videos mobilise the meaning of companionship. Videos of "Roxxxy", “Harmony”, and “Emma” were examined employing a social semiotic discourse analysis based on a long history of identifying how advertisements tap into social and cultural ideals. Companionship is identified as: (i) enjoyed through attention, reliability, usefulness, support, trust, and kindness; (ii) including ideas of long-term commitment and endurance through the mundane, every day, and ordinary aspects of life; (iii) occurring where the meanings of connection for humans and robots are conflated even though they differ for humans and technology; and (iv) a vulnerability for both robot and human. Furthermore, the representations of robot companions remain limited to stereotypical concepts of women; viewers are positioned as desiring a product that claims agency but has none, and is marketed ‘as good as’ a human woman. In all, the representations are complex and far too simple—simple because this is an ideological model of companionship and complex because the ideas of technology are conflated with human–human ideals of companionship. Where technological design aspires towards a better future for humans, there is an urgency to move beyond the limited anthropomorphic cultural concepts presently aspired to in the design and marketing of companion robots.
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20
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Chen SC, Davis BH, Kuo CY, Maclagan M, Chien CO, Lin MF. Can the Paro be my Buddy? Meaningful experiences from the perspectives of older adults. Geriatr Nurs 2021; 43:130-137. [PMID: 34883391 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2021.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore meaningful experiences of older Taiwanese adults who had received a Paro (social robot) companion. Semi-structured qualitative interviews elicited the perspectives of 25 older adults living in a long-term care facility after they had interacted with an individual Paro companion for 8 weeks. Thematic analysis was used in this study as it allows for rich, detailed, and complex descriptions of qualitative data. Analysis identified four themes: Bridging my social bonds; Acting as a comfort Buddy; Relieving my emotional distress; and Encountering Paro with distancing. Although Paro's functioning has some limits, such as lacking speech, most participants expressed that the experience was positive. These findings revealed that the meaningful experiences expressed by participants at the end of the intervention with Paro might provide the value of companionship and improve interpersonal relationships for older adults in geriatric nursing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chuan Chen
- Department of Nursing, National Tainan Junior College of Nursing, 78, Sec 2, Minzu Rd., Tainan City, 700, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Boyd H Davis
- Applied Linguistics/English, University of North Carolina-Charlotte, 61 Henan 3rd Rd, Taichung City, 407, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching-Yi Kuo
- MA in Counseling, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Margaret Maclagan
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing
- Te Kura Mahi ā-Hirikapo, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Chun-O Chien
- Department of Nursing, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mei-Feng Lin
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, Tai-Hsueh Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan, ROC.
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21
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Murimi R. On the Design of Social Robots Using Sheaf Theory and Smart Contracts. Front Robot AI 2021; 8:559380. [PMID: 34490353 PMCID: PMC8416482 DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2021.559380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of robots in the social fabric of our society has taken giant leaps, enabled by advances in artificial intelligence and big data. As these robots become increasingly adept at parsing through enormous datasets and making decisions where humans fall short, a significant challenge lies in the analysis of robot behavior. Capturing interactions between robots, humans and IoT devices in traditional structures such as graphs poses challenges in the storage and analysis of large data sets in dense graphs generated by frequent activities. This paper proposes a framework that uses the blockchain for the storage of robotic interactions, and the use of sheaf theory for analysis of these interactions. Applications of our framework for social robots and swarm robots incorporating imperfect information and irrationality on the blockchain sheaf are proposed. This work shows the application of such a framework for various blockchain applications on the spectrum of human-robot interaction, and identifies key challenges that arise as a result of using the blockchain for robotic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renita Murimi
- University of Dallas, Gupta College of Business, Irving, TX, United States
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22
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Inoue K, Wada K, Shibata T. Exploring the applicability of the robotic seal PARO to support caring for older persons with dementia within the home context. Palliat Care Soc Pract 2021; 15:26323524211030285. [PMID: 34350398 PMCID: PMC8287345 DOI: 10.1177/26323524211030285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To (1) examine the potentiality of using the robot PARO to mediate care
provided by the family and (2) identify problems when utilizing PARO in the
home context. Methods: Family members of 7 households were asked to use PARO for at least three
times per week, over 1 to 3 months. Research data, including standardized
assessments, interviews, and observations, were collected at initial and
subsequent monthly visits. Collected data were analyzed through descriptive
statistics and inductive thematic content analysis. Results: Out of the seven participants, five responded positively to PARO, thereby
achieving their goals of improving activity engagement, relaxation, a
respite from supervision, and improved mood. A positive initial interaction
with PARO showed continued interest to it. Participants were observed to
communicate with caregivers and relate to PARO. Discussion: The application of PARO at home is possibly influenced by the persons’
initial level of interest toward PARO. It is crucial to perform careful
observation and assessment before deciding to use PARO within the home
context to support the life of older persons with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Inoue
- Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10 Higashiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo 116-8551, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Wada
- Graduate School of Systems Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Shibata
- Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
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23
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Hirt J, Ballhausen N, Hering A, Kliegel M, Beer T, Meyer G. Social Robot Interventions for People with Dementia: A Systematic Review on Effects and Quality of Reporting. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 79:773-792. [PMID: 33361589 PMCID: PMC7902949 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background: Using non-pharmacological interventions is a current approach in dementia care to manage responsive behaviors, to maintain functional capacity, and to reduce emotional stress. Novel technologies such as social robot interventions might be useful to engage people with dementia in activities and interactions as well as to improve their cognitive, emotional, and physical status. Objective: Assessing the effects and the quality of reporting of social robot interventions for people with dementia. Methods: In our systematic review, we included quasi-experimental and experimental studies published in English, French, or German, irrespective of publication year. Searching CINAHL, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science Core Collection was supplemented by citation tracking and free web searching. To assess the methodological quality of included studies, we used tools provided by the Joanna Briggs Institute. To assess the reporting of the interventions, we applied CReDECI 2 and TIDieR. Results: We identified sixteen studies published between 2012 and 2018, including two to 415 participants with mostly non-defined type of dementia. Eight studies had an experimental design. The predominant robot types were pet robots (i.e., PARO). Most studies addressed behavioral, emotion-related, and functional outcomes with beneficial, non-beneficial, and mixed results. Predominantly, cognitive outcomes were not improved. Overall, studies were of moderate methodological quality. Conclusion: Heterogeneous populations, intervention characteristics, and measured outcomes make it difficult to generalize the results with regard to clinical practice. The impact of social robot interventions on behavioral, emotion-related, and functional outcomes should therefore be assessed considering the severity of dementia and intervention characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Hirt
- Center for Dementia Care, Institute of Applied Nursing Sciences, Department of Health, University of Applied Sciences FHS St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.,International Graduate Academy, Institute for Health and Nursing Science, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Nicola Ballhausen
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands.,Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability (CIGEV), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Hering
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability (CIGEV), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Kliegel
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability (CIGEV), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss National Center of Competences in Research LIVES -Overcoming vulnerability, Life-Course Perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Beer
- Center for Dementia Care, Institute of Applied Nursing Sciences, Department of Health, University of Applied Sciences FHS St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Meyer
- International Graduate Academy, Institute for Health and Nursing Science, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Goodall G, Taraldsen K, Serrano JA. The use of technology in creating individualized, meaningful activities for people living with dementia: A systematic review. DEMENTIA 2020; 20:1442-1469. [PMID: 32475166 PMCID: PMC8132010 DOI: 10.1177/1471301220928168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in using technology to provide meaningful activities for people living with dementia. The aim of this systematic review was to identify and explore the different types of digital technologies used in creating individualized, meaningful activities for people living with dementia. From 1414 articles identified from searches in four databases, 29 articles were included in the review. The inclusion criteria were the study used digital technology to deliver an individually tailored activity to participants with dementia, the process of individualization was described, and findings relating to the mental, physical, social, and/or emotional well-being of the participant were reported. Data extracted from the included studies included participant demographics, aims, methods, and outcomes. The following information on the technology was also extracted: purpose, type, training, facilitation, and the individualization process. A narrative synthesis of the results grouped the various technologies into four main purposes: reminiscence/memory support, behavior management, stimulating engagement, and conversation/communication support. A broad range of technologies were studied, with varying methods of evaluation implemented to assess their effect. Overall, the use of technology in creating individualized, meaningful activities seems to be promising in terms of improving behavior and promoting relationships with others. Furthermore, most studies in this review involved the person with dementia in the individualization process of the technology, indicating that research in this area is adopting a more co-creative and inclusive approach. However, sample sizes of the included studies were small, and there was a lack of standardized outcome measures. Future studies should aim to build a more concrete evidence base by improving the methodological quality of research in this area. Findings from the review indicate that there is also a need for more evidence concerning the feasibility of implementing these technologies into care environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J Artur Serrano
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Norwegian Centre for eHealth Research, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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