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Karni-Vizer N, Brusilovskiy E, Salzer M. Experiences of verbal violence among people with intellectual disabilities in Israel. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2024; 37:e13248. [PMID: 38785135 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examines the extent of exposure to verbal violence experienced by people with intellectual disabilities and whether it differs based on their housing situation: living in the community, with family, or in a residential facility. METHOD One hundred and eighty-nine people with intellectual disabilities were interviewed about their experience with verbal violence. RESULTS Eighty-six percent reported experiencing verbal violence in their lifetime and approximately 77% experienced it the past week. Participants were most likely to be yelled at, and friends were the most common perpetrators. While there were few differences by setting, people living with their families were more likely to be laughed at and marginally more likely to experience rude comments. CONCLUSIONS Verbal violence is prevalent in the lives of people with intellectual disabilities in Israel. Interventions are necessary to assist people with intellectual disabilities to deal with such incidents, with possible additional supports needed for those living with family.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eugene Brusilovskiy
- Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark Salzer
- Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Badakhshiyan SS, Naghavi A, Jazayeri RA. Systematic Review Overview: Violence Against Adults with Disabilities. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024:15248380241253034. [PMID: 38804705 DOI: 10.1177/15248380241253034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to conduct an overview of systematic reviews in the field of violence against adults with disability. Eight electronic databases as well as gray literature from January 2022 to April 2023 were searched to identify systematic reviews that focused on violence against adults with disabilities. A total of 13 high-quality systematic reviews were included in the overview. Findings show that adults with disabilities experience a higher rate of emotional and physical violence than the general population. Sociodemographic, financial, and cultural risk factors, prevention, and treatment approaches were discussed. Although the large body of studies on disability and violence have explored different aspects of the issue, there are some limitations and gaps in the literature that need further attention. The most important gap in the literature is the lack of attention to diversity. Accordingly, there is little knowledge about disability and violence in a variety of geographical locations. In addition, studies on violence based on ethnicity/race, age, gender identifications, and some types of disabilities such as hearing impairments or severe disabilities were scarce. There is a need to reach diverse populations of adults with disabilities, through employing a variety of data collection methods and qualitative research methodology. Prevention and treatment programs should be developed with attention to types of disability, and they should be culturally and linguistically sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Azam Naghavi
- Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Iran
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Seidu AA, Malau-Aduli BS, McBain-Rigg K, Malau-Aduli AEO, Emeto TI. Sexual lives and reproductive health outcomes among persons with disabilities: a mixed-methods study in two districts of Ghana. Reprod Health 2024; 21:69. [PMID: 38783342 PMCID: PMC11112844 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-024-01810-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION People with disabilities (PwDs) constitute a large and diverse group within the global population, however, their sexual and reproductive health (SRH) needs are often neglected, particularly in low-and middle-income countries. This may result in adverse outcomes, such as sexually transmitted infections (STIs), unintended pregnancies, and experience of interpersonal violence (IV). This study aimed to assess the factors that influence the sexual lives of PwDs in two districts of Ghana. METHODS A sequential explanatory mixed-methods study design was used to collect data from PwDs. Quantitative data were obtained from 402 respondents using a pretested questionnaire, and qualitative data gathered from 37 participants using in-depth interviews. The quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while the qualitative data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS Most PwDs (91%) reported that they have ever had sex, which was associated with age, disability severity, and household size. The prevalence of poor SRH status, STIs, unintended pregnancy, pregnancy termination, and unsafe abortion were 10.5%, 5.7%, 6.4%, 21.6%, and 36.9% respectively. These outcomes were influenced by education, income, health insurance subscription, and proximity to a health facility. The prevalence of IV was 65%, which was related to disability type and severity. The qualitative data revealed five main themes: curiosity to engage in sexual activities, feelings of despair and insecurity with abled partners, preference for sexual relationships with other PwDs, IV and its perpetrators, and adverse SRH outcomes. CONCLUSION The study findings indicate that most adult PwDs have ever had sex and they face various challenges in their sexual lives. They experience multiple forms of abuse and neglect from different perpetrators at different levels of society, which have negative impacts on their well-being. There is a need for comprehensive and inclusive interventions that address the SRH needs of PwDs, as well as the underlying social and structural factors that contribute to their vulnerability. Further research is recommended to explore the perspectives of stakeholders on how to improve the SRH outcomes of PwDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Aziz Seidu
- Public Health & Tropical Medicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, P.O. Box UC 182, Cape Coast, Ghana.
| | - Bunmi S Malau-Aduli
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Kristin McBain-Rigg
- Public Health & Tropical Medicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Aduli E O Malau-Aduli
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Theophilus I Emeto
- Public Health & Tropical Medicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vector-Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.
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Seidu AA, Kumi-Kyereme A, Darteh EKM. Self-reported sexual coercion among in-school young people with disabilities in Ghana. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1223. [PMID: 38702765 PMCID: PMC11067239 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18631-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual coercion is one of the major public health concerns globally. This is even more worrying among young people with disabilities (YPWDs). This study assessed the prevalence and factors associated with sexual coercion among in-school young people with disabilities in Ghana. METHODS Using a cross-sectional study design, pre-tested questionnaires were used to collect data from 979 YPWDs in 15 special schools for the visually and hearing impaired in Ghana. Sexual coercion was the outcome variable. Both descriptive (frequencies and percentages) and inferential analysis (binary logistic regression) were conducted. RESULTS About 68% reported that they had been sexually coerced at some point in their lifetime. This was higher among males (69.9%) compared to females (66.8%). Those aged 15-19 (72.19%) had the highest prevalence compared to those aged 20-24 (61.74%). YPWDs in Junior High School [JHS] [aOR = 1.722; CI = 1.227,2.417], and those in the coastal zone [aOR = 1.616; CI = 1.068,2.443] had higher odds of being coerced. However, those belonging to the Islamic religion [aOR = 0.266; CI = 0.0764,0.928] and the visually impaired [aOR = 0.477; CI = 0.318,0.716] had lower odds of being coerced compared to those with no religion, and the hearing impaired, respectively. CONCLUSION There is a relatively high prevalence of sexual coercion among in- school YPWDs in Ghana. This is significantly associated with level of education, ecological zone, religion, and the type of disability. This calls for a concerted effort by policy makers such as the Ghana Education Service, Ghana Federation of the Disabled, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection to intensify sex education and put in pragmatic steps to halt this serious public health issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Aziz Seidu
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.
| | - Akwasi Kumi-Kyereme
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Eugene K M Darteh
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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Sutherland G, Hargrave J, Krnjacki L, Llewellyn G, Kavanagh A, Vaughan C. A Systematic Review of Interventions Addressing the Primary Prevention of Violence Against Women With Disability. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:1235-1247. [PMID: 37272380 PMCID: PMC10913298 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231175932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Women with disability experience significantly more violence and abuse than their nondisabled peers. Efforts to implement, evaluate, and scale-up strategies to prevent violence against women are rapidly expanding, but we know less about "what works" to prevent violence against women with disability. While secondary and tertiary prevention aim to identify violence early and prevent further occurrence, this review focuses on primary prevention. In the disability services sector, primary prevention is sometimes referred to as safeguarding and covers a range of activities that aim to address the underlying determinants of violence to prevent it from happening in the first place. The aim of this review is to identify and synthesize research on evaluated interventions addressing the primary prevention of violence against women with disability and explore evidence about their quality and effectiveness. A systematic search across the bibliographic databases of Medline, CINAHL, Embase, and PsychInfo for peer-reviewed literature published in English on or after January 1, 2010, yielded 483 papers of potential interest. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria and were considered for review. Data were extracted and the quality of the studies was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Most studies reported outcomes from pre- and post-test research designs and received a weak rating of quality. Although interventions targeting awareness, knowledge, and skill development showed evidence of effectiveness, there is a distinct lack of program development that draws on known risk factors for violence such as the intersection of ableism and gender inequality.
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Rodríguez-Garrido P. [Ableist obstetric violence against women with disabilities: An integrative literature review]. Salud Colect 2023; 19:e4676. [PMID: 38135673 DOI: 10.18294/sc.2023.4676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Women with disabilities face increased precarity throughout their lives, with one of the most affected areas being their sexual and reproductive health. The aim of this study was to identify and analyze the scientific literature on obstetric violence against women with disabilities. The search was conducted from August to October 2022 in five databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Dialnet, SciELO, and Scopus. A total of 194 articles were retrieved, and after applying selection criteria, ten articles were analyzed. Through thematic analysis, the dimension "ableist obstetric violence towards women with disabilities" emerged. Findings suggest that women with disabilities are marginalized during obstetric care, resulting in untimely attention and cascading interventions. At present, there is scarce literature addressing this phenomenon from a rights-based perspective. Urgent measures are needed to train healthcare teams on the provision of care to people with disabilities. Additionally, it is crucial to critically examine the relationship between healthcare personnel and institutions to women with disabilities within the framework of their sexual and reproductive rights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pía Rodríguez-Garrido
- Doctora en Enfermería y Salud. Integrante del Núcleo Milenio Discapacidad y Ciudadanía, Chile; Grupo de Estudios Mujer, Salud y Ética, Universidad de Barcelona, España; Laboratório de Estudos Sociais sobre o Nascimento, Instituto Universitario de Lisboa, Portugal. Investigadora Postdoctoral, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de O'Higgins, Rancagua; Chile
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Seidu AA, Malau-Aduli BS, McBain-Rigg K, Malau-Aduli AEO, Emeto TI. A mixed-methods study of the awareness and functionality of sexual and reproductive health services among persons with disability in Ghana. Reprod Health 2023; 20:162. [PMID: 37907933 PMCID: PMC10619320 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-023-01700-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persons with disabilities (PwDs) face barriers in accessing sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services due to lack of knowledge and awareness, stigma and discrimination, and inadequate service provision. This study aimed to examine the determinants of SRH knowledge and awareness among PwDs in Ghana, and to explore their perceptions of the functionality of SRH services. METHODS A sequential explanatory mixed-methods study design was used to collect and analyse quantitative (n = 402) and qualitative (n = 37) data from PwDs in two districts in Ghana. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data was analysed thematically. RESULTS Most of the participants had high awareness of SRH (94.3%), sexually transmitted infections (STIs) (92.5%) and HIV/AIDS (97.0%). Employment status was positively associated with SRH awareness [aOR = 1.62; 95% CI = 1.02, 2.59]. Disability type was a significant predictor of STI [aOR = 2.02; 95% CI = 1.39, 2.94] and HIV/AIDS [aOR = 2.32; 95% CI = 1.21, 4.44] awareness, with the visually impaired having higher odds than the physically disabled. Age group was also a significant predictor of STI awareness, with older respondents having higher odds than younger ones [aOR = 1.76; CI = 1.01,3.05 for 30-39 years; aOR = 2.48; CI = 1.22, 5.05 for 40-49 years]. The qualitative findings revealed four main themes: conceptualisation of SRH, active engagement in SRH information seeking, tensions between knowledge and religious beliefs and perceived utility of SRH services. CONCLUSION Despite the high levels of SRH knowledge and awareness among PwDs, there are significant gaps and challenges related to disability type, age group, misconceptions, beliefs, and service non-functionality that limit the utility of SRH services. The findings call for tailored education to reduce misconceptions and put in pragmatic steps to deliver quality SRH services and information to PwDs. Further research is needed to assess the sexual lives of PwDs and explore the perspectives of all relevant stakeholders, including service providers and policymakers on how to enhance SRH outcomes for PwDs in Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Aziz Seidu
- Public Health and Tropical Medicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, P.O. Box UC 182, Cape Coast, Ghana.
| | - Bunmi S Malau-Aduli
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Kristin McBain-Rigg
- Public Health and Tropical Medicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Aduli E O Malau-Aduli
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Theophilus I Emeto
- Public Health and Tropical Medicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vector-Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.
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Caswell RJ, Hodson J, Bradbury-Jones C, Ross JDC. Where do those experiencing sexual violence seek help and is routine enquiry acceptable within a sexual healthcare setting? Findings from a population-based survey. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e073204. [PMID: 37673457 PMCID: PMC10496700 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Most sexual violence (SV) remains undisclosed to healthcare professionals. The aims of this study were to identify where support would be sought after SV and whether routine enquiry about SV was acceptable in a sexual healthcare setting. DESIGN An online population-based survey collected data on a history of SV and preferences on support after SV, in addition to sociodemographic data. Respondents' views on being routinely asked about SV were sought. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS This online survey was based in England, UK. There were 2007 respondents. RESULTS The police were the most frequent first choice for support after experiencing SV (n=520; 25.9%); however, this was less common in individuals in younger age groups (p<0.001) and in those with a history of SV (17.2% vs 29.9%, p<0.001). For the 27.1% (532 of 1960) of respondents who reported a history of SV, the first choice of place for support was Rape Crisis or similar third-sector organisation. The majority of respondents supported routine enquiry about SV during Sexual and Reproductive Health Service (SRHS) consultations (84.4%), although acceptability was significantly lower in older age groups. CONCLUSIONS AND STUDY IMPLICATIONS A greater awareness of the influence of sociodemographic factors, including ethnicity, age, gender, disability and a history of SV, when planning and delivering services for those who have experienced SV is needed. A history of SV is common in the general population, and a 'one-size-fits-all' approach to encourage disclosure and access to support is unlikely to be optimal. Routine enquiry about SV is highly acceptable in an SRHS setting and likely to improve disclosure when appropriately implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J Caswell
- Department of Sexual Health and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - James Hodson
- Research, Development and Innovation, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Jonathan D C Ross
- Department of Sexual Health and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Gibbs V, Hudson J, Pellicano E. The Extent and Nature of Autistic People's Violence Experiences During Adulthood: A Cross-sectional Study of Victimisation. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:3509-3524. [PMID: 35821545 PMCID: PMC10465381 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05647-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the extent and nature of violence experiences reported by autistic adults. Autistic (n = 118) and non-autistic (n = 110) adults completed a questionnaire about their experiences of sexual harassment, stalking and harassment, sexual violence and physical violence since the age of 15. Autistic adults reported higher rates of all violence types, multiple forms of violence and repeated instances of the same type of violence. Typical gender differences in the patterns of violence (more physical violence reported by men and more sexual violence reported by women) were apparent in the non-autistic but not the autistic group. Findings add to the limited research in this area and highlight the need to identify risk and protective factors. Policy and practice implications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki Gibbs
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
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Tenaw Z, Gari T, Gebretsadik A. Sexual violence and associated factors among reproductive-age females with disabilities in central Sidama National Regional State, Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:353. [PMID: 37403083 PMCID: PMC10318830 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02505-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual violence is one of the most common problems in reproductive health that causes different traumatic events that lead to mental, social, and physical problems. Females with disabilities are subjected to more traumatic events and consequences. In Ethiopia, there are limited evidences about the prevalence and associated factors of sexual violence among reproductive-aged females with disabilities. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of sexual violence among females with disabilities in reproductive-age in central Sidama National Regional State, Ethiopia. METHODS A multistage sampling technique was used to select 645 reproductive-age females with disabilities. Initially, three districts were purposefully selected, from which 30 kebeles and study participants were selected randomly from June 20 to July 15, 2022. A face-to-face interviewing technique was used to collect the data. The data were analyzed using a multilevel logistic regression analysis model. The measures of associations were reported using the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS The prevalence of sexual violence among reproductive-age females with disabilities was 59.8% (95% CI: 56, 63.56). Residing in an urban setting (AOR = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.29, 0.88), being an adult (25 to 34 years old) (AOR = 5.9; CI: 3.01, 11.6), being an adult (35 to 49 years old) (AOR = 3.47; CI: 1.48, 8.14), having no sexuality information (AOR = 11.3; CI: 6.24, 20.5), and having hearing disabilities (AOR = 3.19; CI: 1.49, 6.83) were factors associated with sexual violence. CONCLUSIONS Sexual violence among reproductive-age females with disabilities is noticeably high. Place of residence, sexual orientation, age, and disability type were all factors associated with sexual violence. Therefore, providing sexuality education, giving high attention (information and education about sexuality) to rural residents, and considering females with hearing disabilities are important to minimize sexual violence among reproductive-age females with disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelalem Tenaw
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Taye Gari
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Achamyelesh Gebretsadik
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
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Zamora Arenas J, Millán Jiménez A, Bote M. Health and Socioeconomic Determinants of Abuse among Women with Disabilities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6191. [PMID: 37372777 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20126191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The double vulnerability of women with disabilities places them at the center of this research paper. Intersectionality is key in research on gender-based violence. This study analyzes the perspective of the victims and non-victims themselves on this issue, through a comparative analysis between women with and without disabilities, at two levels of analysis: quantitative, through the adaptation of various scales (Assessment Screen-Disability/AAS-D, and the Woman Abuse Screening Tool/WAST), and qualitative, with semi-structured interviews (open scripts and different themes), and focus groups with experts from the associative network. The results obtained indicate that the most frequent type of violence is physical, followed by psychological and sexual, mainly perpetrated by partners. The higher their level of education, the more they defend themselves; receiving public aid can be a risk factor for domestic and sexual violence, and belonging to the associative movement and having paid work outside the home act as preventive measures. In conclusion, it is necessary to establish strategic protection measures and effective detection and intervention systems to make victims visible and care for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Zamora Arenas
- Attention to Diversity and Volunteering Service, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana Millán Jiménez
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Marcos Bote
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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12
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Amos V, Lyons GR, Laughon K, Hughes RB, Alhusen JL. Reproductive Coercion Among Women With Disabilities: An Analysis of Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring Systems Data. JOURNAL OF FORENSIC NURSING 2023; 19:108-114. [PMID: 37205617 PMCID: PMC10220289 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Reproductive coercion (RC) is a widespread yet understudied type of intimate partner violence that is associated with numerous negative outcomes. Women with disabilities may be at an increased risk of RC; however, little research has been conducted among this population. Using population-based data, we sought to examine the prevalence of RC in postpartum women with disabilities. METHODS This is a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, a nationally representative survey conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in partnership with participating states. These analyses include 3,117 respondents who had information on both disability status and experiences of RC. RESULTS Approximately 1.9% of respondents reported experiencing RC (95% CI [1.3, 2.4]). When stratified by disability status, approximately 1.7% of respondents without a disability reported RC whereas 6.2% of respondents with at least one disability reported RC ( p < 0.001). In univariable logistic models, disability, age, education, relationship status, income, and race were all significantly associated with RC. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the need for healthcare providers working with women with disabilities to screen for RC and potentially uncover intimate partner violence and prevent its negative health consequences. All states participating in Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System data collection are urged to incorporate measures of RC and disability status to better address this significant issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Amos
- University of Virginia School of Nursing, 225 Jeanette Lancaster Avenue, Charlottesville, VA 22903
| | - Genevieve R. Lyons
- University of Virginia Public Health Sciences, 1335 Lee St, Charlottesville, VA 22903
| | - Kathryn Laughon
- University of Virginia School of Nursing, 225 Jeanette Lancaster Avenue, Charlottesville, VA 22903
| | - Rosemary B. Hughes
- University of Montana Rural Institute for Inclusive Communities, 52 Corbin Hall, Missoula, MT, 59812
| | - Jeanne L. Alhusen
- University of Virginia School of Nursing, 225 Jeanette Lancaster Avenue, Charlottesville, VA 22903
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Davies AWJ, Bryan MK, Martin T, Shay B, Akers T, Soud R, Balter AS, O’Leary S, Neustifter R. Dismantling barriers to access: The necessity of cripping sexuality education in Canadian schools. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN SEXUALITY 2023. [DOI: 10.3138/cjhs.2022-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite sexuality education in school contexts being a highly politicized and ideologically fueled conversation, discussions of the specific needs of disabled students are often silenced, in particular for those who might be accessing special education programming. In this paper, we provide a call to action to explicate the crucial importance of addressing both ableist attitudes and constructions embedded within conversations of childhood sexuality and sexuality education, as well as policy and curriculum change to create more inclusive sexuality education approaches for disabled students and learners in Canadian provinces and territories. Many Canadian provinces do not mention disability or accommodations for disabled learners in their sexuality education curricula and all provincial curricula do not currently meet requirements set by internationally governing human rights policies. As such, this paper aims to bring to attention the different ways in which current school-based sexuality education is failing the human rights of disabled learners in Canadian schools and how sexuality education can be rethought through a social justice framework to ensure that the needs of all learners and that systems of inequality, such as ableism and heterosexism, are addressed in school contexts. Specific recommendations for policy and professional practice are provided to direct educators, policy-makers, and curriculum developers towards providing more inclusive sexuality education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam W. J. Davies
- Department of Family Relations & Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Malissa K. Bryan
- Department of Sociology & Anthropology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Todd Martin
- School of English and Theatre Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bronte Shay
- Department of Family Relations & Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Taylor Akers
- Department of Family Relations & Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rsha Soud
- Department of Family Relations & Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alice-Simone Balter
- Department of Family Relations & Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samantha O’Leary
- Department of Family Relations & Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ruth Neustifter
- Department of Family Relations & Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Elklit A, Murphy S, Skovgaard C, Lausten M. Sexual Violence against Children with Disabilities: A Danish National Birth Cohort Prospective Study. Scand J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Psychol 2023; 11:143-149. [PMID: 38107837 PMCID: PMC10724881 DOI: 10.2478/sjcapp-2023-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Children with disabilities are at heightened risk of sexual violence compared to non-disabled peers. Objective We aimed to examine the associations between ten childhood disabilities and sexual victimization. Methods Data were drawn from the Danish Psychiatric Case Register, the Criminal Register, and other population-based registers. Children born between 1994 and 2001 (n=570,351) were followed until 18 years of age. Using logistic regression, the association between the disabilities and risk of sexual victimisation was estimated. Results We identified 8,860 cases of sexual victimization towards children and adolescents. In the fully adjusted models, children with a diagnosis of ADHD, speech disability and intellectual disability were at highest risk of sexual victimization. Children with comorbid disabilities were particularly vulnerable to sexual victimization. Conclusions We found that children with certain types of disability have a higher risk of sexual victimization. Our findings indicate that educational institutions and health care professionals should be aware of and have specialized training in, recognizing and assessing sexual victimization among children with disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ask Elklit
- National Danish Center for Psychotraumatology, Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Siobhan Murphy
- Department of Psychology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Christian Skovgaard
- Danish Center for Health Economics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mette Lausten
- National Danish Centre for Research in Social Welfare, Danish National Institute of Social Research, Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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McTavish JR, Chandra PS, Stewart DE, Herrman H, MacMillan HL. Child Maltreatment and Intimate Partner Violence in Mental Health Settings. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192315672. [PMID: 36497747 PMCID: PMC9735990 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) and child maltreatment (physical, emotional, sexual abuse, neglect, and children's exposure to IPV) are two of the most common types of family violence; they are associated with a broad range of health consequences. We summarize evidence addressing the need for safe and culturally-informed clinical responses to child maltreatment and IPV, focusing on mental health settings. This considers clinical features of child maltreatment and IPV; applications of rights-based and trauma- and violence-informed care; how to ask about potential experiences of violence; safe responses to disclosures; assessment and interventions that include referral networks and resources developed in partnership with multidisciplinary and community actors; and the need for policy and practice frameworks, appropriate training and continuing professional development provisions and resources for mental health providers. Principles for a common approach to recognizing and safely responding to child maltreatment and IPV are discussed, recognizing the needs in well-resourced and scarce resource settings, and for marginalized groups in any setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill R. McTavish
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 293 Wellington St. North, Hamilton, ON L8L 8E7, Canada
| | - Prabha S. Chandra
- NIMHANS Hospital, Hosur Rd, near Bangalore Milk Dairy, Hombegowda Nagar, Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Donna E. Stewart
- Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth St, 7EN229, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Helen Herrman
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Harriet L. MacMillan
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 293 Wellington St. North, Hamilton, ON L8L 8E7, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Health Sciences Centre 3A, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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16
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Brown HK, Saunders N, Chen S, Leslie K, Vigod SN, Fung K, Guttmann A, Havercamp SM, Parish SL, Ray JG, Lunsky Y. Disability and Interpersonal Violence in the Perinatal Period. Obstet Gynecol 2022; 140:797-805. [PMID: 36201763 PMCID: PMC9588770 DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000004950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the risk of interpersonal violence experienced by pregnant and postpartum individuals with physical disabilities, sensory disabilities, or intellectual or developmental disabilities with those without disabilities, and to examine whether a prepregnancy history of interpersonal violence puts individuals with disabilities, at excess risk of interpersonal violence in the perinatal period. METHOD This population-based study included all individuals aged 15-49 years with births in Ontario, Canada, from 2004 to 2019. Individuals with physical (n=147,414), sensory (n=47,459), intellectual or developmental (n=2,557), or multiple disabilities (n=9,598) were compared with 1,594,441 individuals without disabilities. The outcome was any emergency department visit, hospital admission, or death related to physical, sexual, or psychological violence between fertilization and 365 days postpartum. Relative risks (RRs) were adjusted for baseline social and health characteristics. Relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) was estimated from the joint effects of disability and prepregnancy violence history; RERI>0 indicated positive interaction. RESULTS Individuals with physical (0.8%), sensory (0.7%), intellectual or developmental (5.3%), or multiple disabilities (1.8%) were more likely than those without disabilities (0.5%) to experience perinatal interpersonal violence. The adjusted RR was 1.40 (95% CI 1.31-1.50) in those with physical disabilities, 2.39 (95% CI 1.98-2.88) in those with intellectual or developmental disabilities, and 1.96 (95% CI 1.66-2.30) in those with multiple disabilities. Having both a disability and any violence history produced a positive interaction for perinatal interpersonal violence (adjusted RERI 0.87; 95% CI 0.47-1.29). CONCLUSION The perinatal period is a time of relative high risk for interpersonal violence among individuals with pre-existing disabilities, especially those with a history of interpersonal violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary K. Brown
- Department of Health & Society, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Canada
- Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Natasha Saunders
- ICES, Toronto, Canada
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Edwin SH Leong Centre for Healthy Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Kelly Leslie
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Simone N. Vigod
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Canada
- Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Astrid Guttmann
- ICES, Toronto, Canada
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Edwin SH Leong Centre for Healthy Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan M. Havercamp
- Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Susan L. Parish
- College of Health Professions, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Joel G. Ray
- ICES, Toronto, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yona Lunsky
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Canada
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Rojas-Chaves M, Lucas-Matheu M, Castro-Luna G, Parrón-Carreño T, Nievas-Soriano BJ. Validation of a Scale on Society's Attitudes towards the Sexuality of Women with Intellectual Disabilities-Survey Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13228. [PMID: 36293809 PMCID: PMC9603768 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main aim of this study was to design and validate a questionnaire in Spanish to acknowledge the perception of the sexuality of women with intellectual disabilities. We sought to cover specific spheres of sexuality, such as sexual capacity, decision-making capacity, sexual disinhibition, and sexual education and quality of life. METHODS A questionnaire was developed based on a literature review. Validation was performed using content validation through a panel of experts; construct validation was performed using exploratory and confirmatory factorial analyses; reliability tests were also performed, using Cronbach's Alpha and the two-halves test. RESULTS Two-hundred forty-four participants pilot tested the initial 34-item questionnaire. After content validation and exploratory factorial analysis, the resulting 10-item questionnaire showed four domains, with Cronbach's Alpha values between 0.69 and 0.82. Confirmatory factorial analysis confirmed the domains, and the model's goodness-of-fit tests were adequate. CONCLUSIONS The final ten-item scale developed in this research proved to be a valid and reliable instrument, as it has good psychometric properties of both validity and reliability. Thus, researchers interested in investigating the social perception of the sexuality of women with intellectual disabilities can use this tool. Future research can extend the validity of this scale to other languages and settings.
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18
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Baca M, Harrison ME, Grubb L, Hoopes A, Hwang L, Maslowsky J, Romano M, Tebb K, Tyson N. SAHM/NASPAG Statement on Leaked Draft SCOTUS Opinion Regarding Mississippi v Jackson Women's Health. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2022; 35:417-419. [PMID: 35618232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Baca
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Pediatrics, 401 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H8L1, Phone: 613 737 7600
| | - Megan E Harrison
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Pediatrics, 401 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H8L1, Phone: 613 737 7600.
| | - Laura Grubb
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Pediatrics, 401 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H8L1, Phone: 613 737 7600
| | - Andrea Hoopes
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Pediatrics, 401 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H8L1, Phone: 613 737 7600
| | - Loris Hwang
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Pediatrics, 401 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H8L1, Phone: 613 737 7600
| | - Julie Maslowsky
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Pediatrics, 401 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H8L1, Phone: 613 737 7600
| | - Mary Romano
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Pediatrics, 401 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H8L1, Phone: 613 737 7600
| | - Kathleen Tebb
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Pediatrics, 401 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H8L1, Phone: 613 737 7600
| | - Nichole Tyson
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Pediatrics, 401 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H8L1, Phone: 613 737 7600
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19
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Fomba H, Ouedraogo HG, Cissé K, Kouanda S. Prevalence and factors associated with the occurrence of sexual violence among people with disabilities in Burkina Faso. AIDS Care 2022; 34:11-17. [PMID: 35852218 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2022.2097794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A person with a disability regardless of the gender has an increased risk of sexual coercion and violence in various ways. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence and the risk factors associated with lifetime sexual violence among people with disabilities (PWDs) in Burkina Faso. We conducted a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study carried out in Central, Central-East, Central-West and "Hauts Bassins" regions of Burkina Faso. PWDs were selected during a household survey through a two-stage random sampling technique. The prevalence of sexual violence in people disabilities was 7.4% (95%: CI 5.8-9.4). Females with disabilities were more likely than males with disabilities to report lifetime sexual violence (8.9% vs. 4.9%). The place where the person usually spends time and the disability duration were significantly associated with the occurrence of sexual violence among females with disability. There is no association between the other demographic characteristics and sexual violence among people with disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harouna Fomba
- Institut Africain de Santé Publique (IASP), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Henri Gautier Ouedraogo
- Institut Africain de Santé Publique (IASP), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.,Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Kadari Cissé
- Institut Africain de Santé Publique (IASP), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.,Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Seni Kouanda
- Institut Africain de Santé Publique (IASP), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.,Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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20
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Reis O, Häßler F, Daubmann A, Chodan W. Knowledge hardly translates to reality-A randomized controlled trial on sexual abuse prevention for girls with intellectual disabilities. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:886463. [PMID: 35928769 PMCID: PMC9343676 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.886463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective People with intellectual disabilities (ID) are at higher risk of being sexually abused and developing psychiatric disorders in consequence. The effects of behavior prevention programs for children with ID have rarely been investigated. Previous studies suffer from methodical weaknesses, such as the lack of a control group, small sample size, or invalid outcome measures. This study aimed at demonstrating the efficacy of a prevention program by overcoming these flaws. Methods A group prevention program was developed and evaluated. One hundred and six girls aged from 8 to 12 years with mild ID were enrolled in a randomized controlled study, comparing the training to a sham intervention. Effects were examined in a three-time follow-up design as individual changes in preventive knowledge (board game, verbal reports) and preventive behavior (role-play, in situ tests). Participants' behaviors were videotaped and rated by three blinded raters. Results Girls from the intervention group (n = 64) showed significant improvements in preventive knowledge compared with the control group (n = 39) but showed non-significant improvements for preventive behavior. In situ tests with realistic seduction situations revealed no improvement. The intervention proved to be safe, but several risks need to be considered. Discussion This is the first study that evaluates a behavioral prevention program on sexual abuse for children with ID on a high level of evidence. Group interventions empowering girls with ID to recognize abuse situations are suitable to enhance sexual preventive knowledge but are less suitable to enhance preventive behavior. Naturalistic settings are indispensable for providing evidence for preventive interventions in children with ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Reis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Frank Häßler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Anne Daubmann
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wencke Chodan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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21
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Dike JE, DeLucia EA, Semones O, Andrzejewski T, McDonnell CG. A Systematic Review of Sexual Violence Among Autistic Individuals. REVIEW JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40489-022-00310-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Fomba H, Ouedraogo HG, Cissé K, Kouanda S. Prevalence and factors associated to the occurrence of sexual violence among people with disabilities in Burkina Faso. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2022:1-11. [PMID: 35313766 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2022.2049196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A person with a disability regardless of the gender has an increased risk of sexual coercion and violence in various ways. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence and the risk factors associated with lifetime sexual violence among people with disabilities (PWDs) in Burkina Faso. We conducted a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study carried out in four regions (Central, Central-East, Central-West and 'Hauts Bassins' regions) of Burkina Faso. PWDs were selected during a household survey through a two-stage random sampling technique. The prevalence of sexual violence in people disabilities was 7.4% (95%: CI 5.8-9.4). Females with disabilities were more likely than males with disabilities to report lifetime sexual violence (8.9% vs 4.9%). The place where the person usually spends time and the disability duration were significantly associated with the occurrence of sexual violence among female with disability. No significant association was found between different and sexual violence among people with disabilities. Sexual violence is frequent among PWDs in Burkina Faso. Specific policy to protect PWDs particularly women with disabilities from sexual violence is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harouna Fomba
- Department of public health, Institut Africain de Santé Publique (IASP), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Henri Gautier Ouedraogo
- Department of public health, Institut Africain de Santé Publique (IASP), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Biomedical and public health department, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Kadari Cissé
- Department of public health, Institut Africain de Santé Publique (IASP), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Biomedical and public health department, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Seni Kouanda
- Department of public health, Institut Africain de Santé Publique (IASP), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Biomedical and public health department, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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