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Charlesworth J, Mullan BA. Examining Safe Food-Handling Knowledge, Behaviour, and Related Psychological Constructs among Individuals at Higher Risk of Food Poisoning and the General Population. Foods 2023; 12:3297. [PMID: 37685229 PMCID: PMC10487084 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Safe food-handling knowledge and behaviour are low across the general population. This raises concerns about whether individuals at higher risk of food poisoning have sufficient safe food-handling knowledge and engage in safe food-handling practices. The aim of this study was to explore safe food-handling knowledge, behaviour, and related psychological constructs among individuals at higher risk of food poisoning and compare the results to the general population. Participants (N = 169) completed measures of safe food-handling knowledge, intention, habit strength, perceived risk, self-efficacy, subjective norms, and behaviour. A series of multivariate analyses of variance were conducted to determine differences in these measures between participants at higher risk of food poisoning and the general population. No significant differences in knowledge, intention, habit strength, self-efficacy, subjective norms, and behaviour were found between individuals at higher risk of food poisoning and the general population. However, individuals at higher risk of food poisoning appeared to have stronger risk perceptions across safe food-handling behaviours compared with the general population. This study demonstrated that individuals at higher risk of food poisoning do not have higher safe food-handling knowledge than the general population, and despite having higher risk perceptions around some safe food-handling behaviours, they do not differ in engagement in safe food-handling behaviours or the majority of related psychological constructs. Implications of these findings relate to the need to target other psychological constructs, not just risk perceptions, in order to see safer food-handling behaviours in high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Charlesworth
- enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Barbara A. Mullan
- enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
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An Essential Guide for Managing Post-Liver Transplant Patients: What Primary Care Physicians Should Know. Am J Med 2022; 135:157-166. [PMID: 34508700 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
With long-term survival after liver transplantation becoming the rule, care for medical problems arising over time in liver-transplanted patients gained increasing importance. The most common causes of death occurring more than 1 year after liver transplantation are unrelated to liver diseases and facilitated by immunosuppressive treatments; examples are malignancies, renal failure, and cardiovascular, metabolic, and infectious diseases. Recipients receive life-long follow-up care at transplant centers, however, the increasing number of liver-transplanted patients is saturating the health care supply that transplant centers have to offer. Primary care physicians are increasingly exposed to liver-transplanted patients, even in the early periods after transplant, and an understanding of the most common risks and complications faced by these patients would enhance their care. This article reviews the long-term care of liver transplant recipients, emphasizing the key internal medicine-related issues that should be known by primary care physicians. A specific section is devoted to implementing strategies to involve these physicians in the long-term follow-up of liver-transplanted patients in close collaboration with transplant hepatologists.
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Albert J, Hanisch B, Sgambat K. Approaches to safe living and diet after solid organ transplantation. Pediatr Transplant 2021; 25:e13783. [PMID: 32721079 DOI: 10.1111/petr.13783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
SOT recipients are at high risk for developing severe infectious complications following discharge from the hospital. Comprehensive anticipatory guidance surrounding everyday lifestyle choices can potentially prevent exposure to infectious agents from the environment. This paper reviews the risks that pediatric and adolescent SOT recipients encounter through exposures such as household contacts, outdoor activities, travel, animal exposures, and dietary choices. Although strong evidence is lacking, this paper makes recommendations aimed at minimizing the risk of infectious complications and hospitalization in pediatric SOT recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Albert
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Benjamin Hanisch
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Kristen Sgambat
- Pediatric Nephrology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Lindup M, van den Bogaart L, Golshayan D, Aubert JD, Vionnet J, Regamey J, Pascual M, Manuel O, Mombelli M. Real-life food-safety behavior and incidence of foodborne infections in solid organ transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:1424-1430. [PMID: 31765061 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Food-safety measures are recommended in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. However, the actual adherence of patients in a real-life setting and the impact on the incidence of foodborne infections remain largely unexplored. We performed a survey among SOT recipients followed at our institution, aiming to evaluate their food-safety behavior. We assessed the incidence of microbiologically proven foodborne infections by chart review. One hundred ninety-seven SOT recipients (kidney = 117, lung = 35, liver = 29, and heart = 16) participated in the survey. Overall, 17.7% of the participants observed all food-safety recommendations (22.0% avoided food at risk of contamination while 67.9% applied hygiene recommendations). Patients within the first year after transplantation (odds ratio [OR] 5.42; P = .001) and females (OR 4.67; P = .001) followed food-safety recommendations more closely. Although the majority of SOT recipients felt concerned and actively sought information on food safety (68%-70%), only 27% were able to recognize all risks of foodborne infection in hypothetical scenarios. Incidence of proven foodborne infections was 17.9% (95% confidence interval 9.9%-30.9%) 5 years after transplantation. Importantly, foodborne infections occurred exclusively among patients not following food-safety recommendations. In summary, most SOT recipients eat foods that make them at risk of foodborne infections. Our results indicate that there is room for improvement in patient education, particularly later after transplantation, and reinforce current food-safety recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Lindup
- Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lorena van den Bogaart
- Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Service of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Déla Golshayan
- Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John-David Aubert
- Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Service of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julien Vionnet
- Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julien Regamey
- Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Service of Cardiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Pascual
- Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Oriol Manuel
- Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Service of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Mombelli
- Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Service of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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The rise and decline inSalmonella entericaserovar Enteritidis outbreaks attributed to egg-containing foods in the United States, 1973–2009. Epidemiol Infect 2015; 144:810-9. [DOI: 10.1017/s0950268815001867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYSalmonella entericacauses an estimated 1 million domestically acquired foodborne illnesses annually.Salmonella entericaserovar Enteritidis (SE) is among the top three serovars of reported cases ofSalmonella. We examined trends in SE foodborne outbreaks from 1973 to 2009 using Joinpoint and Poisson regression. The annual number of SE outbreaks increased sharply in the 1970s and 1980s but declined significantly after 1990. Over the study period, SE outbreaks were most frequently attributed to foods containing eggs. The average rate of SE outbreaks attributed to egg-containing foods reported by states began to decline significantly after 1990, and the proportion of SE outbreaks attributed to egg-containing foods began declining after 1997. Our results suggest that interventions initiated in the 1990s to decrease SE contamination of shell eggs may have been integral to preventing SE outbreaks.
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Fagiuoli S, Colli A, Bruno R, Craxì A, Gaeta GB, Grossi P, Mondelli MU, Puoti M, Sagnelli E, Stefani S, Toniutto P, Burra P. Management of infections pre- and post-liver transplantation: report of an AISF consensus conference. J Hepatol 2014; 60:1075-89. [PMID: 24384327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The burden of infectious diseases both before and after liver transplantation is clearly attributable to the dysfunction of defensive mechanisms of the host, both as a result of cirrhosis, as well as the use of immunosuppressive agents. The present document represents the recommendations of an expert panel commended by the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver (AISF), on the prevention and management of infectious complications excluding hepatitis B, D, C, and HIV in the setting of liver transplantation. Due to a decreased response to vaccinations in cirrhosis as well as within the first six months after transplantation, the best timing for immunization is likely before transplant and early in the course of disease. Before transplantation, a vaccination panel including inactivated as well as live attenuated vaccines is recommended, while oral polio vaccine, Calmette-Guerin's bacillus, and Smallpox are contraindicated, whereas after transplantation, live attenuated vaccines are contraindicated. Before transplant, screening protocols should be divided into different levels according to the likelihood of infection, in order to reduce costs for the National Health Service. Recommended preoperative and postoperative prophylaxis varies according to the pathologic agent to which it is directed (bacterial vs. viral vs. fungal). Timing after transplantation greatly determines the most likely agent involved in post-transplant infections, and specific high-risk categories of patients have been identified that warrant closer surveillance. Clearly, specifically targeted treatment protocols are needed upon diagnosis of infections in both the pre- as well as the post-transplant scenarios, not without considering local microbiology and resistance patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Fagiuoli
- Gastroenterology and Transplant Hepatology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy.
| | | | - Raffaele Bruno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Craxì
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Di.Bi.M.I.S., University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Battista Gaeta
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal and Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Grossi
- Infectious & Tropical Diseases Unit, Department of Surgical & Morphological Sciences, Insubria University, Varese, Italy
| | - Mario U Mondelli
- Research Laboratories, Department of Infectious Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Massimo Puoti
- Infectious Diseases Department, Niguarda Cà Granda Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Evangelista Sagnelli
- Department of Mental Health and Preventive Medicine, Second University of Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Stefani
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Toniutto
- Department of Medical Sciences, Experimental and Clinical, Medical Liver Transplant Section, Internal Medicine, University of Udine, Italy
| | - Patrizia Burra
- Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Gastroenterology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
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