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Baek S, Jang J, Jung HJ, Lee H, Choe Y. Advanced Immunolabeling Method for Optical Volumetric Imaging Reveals Dystrophic Neurites of Dopaminergic Neurons in Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Brain. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:3976-3999. [PMID: 38049707 PMCID: PMC11236860 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03823-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Optical brain clearing combined with immunolabeling is valuable for analyzing molecular tissue structures, including complex synaptic connectivity. However, the presence of aberrant lipid deposition due to aging and brain disorders poses a challenge for achieving antibody penetration throughout the entire brain volume. Herein, we present an efficient brain-wide immunolabeling method, the immuno-active clearing technique (iACT). The treatment of brain tissues with a zwitterionic detergent, specifically SB3-12, significantly enhanced tissue permeability by effectively mitigating lipid barriers. Notably, Quadrol treatment further refines the methodology by effectively eliminating residual detergents from cleared brain tissues, subsequently amplifying volumetric fluorescence signals. Employing iACT, we uncover disrupted axonal projections within the mesolimbic dopaminergic (DA) circuits in 5xFAD mice. Subsequent characterization of DA neural circuits in 5xFAD mice revealed proximal axonal swelling and misrouting of distal axonal compartments in proximity to amyloid-beta plaques. Importantly, these structural anomalies in DA axons correlate with a marked reduction in DA release within the nucleus accumbens. Collectively, our findings highlight the efficacy of optical volumetric imaging with iACT in resolving intricate structural alterations in deep brain neural circuits. Furthermore, we unveil the compromised integrity of DA pathways, contributing to the underlying neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease. The iACT technique thus holds significant promise as a valuable asset for advancing our understanding of complex neurodegenerative disorders and may pave the way for targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soonbong Baek
- Developmental Disorders & Rare Diseases Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, 61 Cheomdan-ro, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemyung Jang
- Developmental Disorders & Rare Diseases Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, 61 Cheomdan-ro, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Jung
- Developmental Disorders & Rare Diseases Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, 61 Cheomdan-ro, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Lee
- Division of Applied Bioengineering, Dong-eui University, Busanjin-gu, Busan, 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngshik Choe
- Developmental Disorders & Rare Diseases Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, 61 Cheomdan-ro, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Cannavacciuolo A, Paparella G, Salzillo M, Colella D, Canevelli M, Costa D, Birreci D, Angelini L, Guerra A, Ricciardi L, Bruno G, Berardelli A, Bologna M. Facial emotion expressivity in patients with Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2024; 131:31-41. [PMID: 37804428 PMCID: PMC10770202 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02699-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are neurodegenerative disorders with some overlapping clinical features. Hypomimia (reduced facial expressivity) is a prominent sign of PD and it is also present in AD. However, no study has experimentally assessed hypomimia in AD and compared facial expressivity between PD and AD patients. We compared facial emotion expressivity in patients with PD, AD, and healthy controls (HCs). Twenty-four PD patients, 24 AD patients and 24 HCs were videotaped during neutral facial expressions and while posing six facial emotions (anger, surprise, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness). Fifteen raters were asked to evaluate the videos using MDS-UPDRS-III (item 3.2) and to identify the corresponding emotion from a seven-forced-choice response format. We measured the percentage of accuracy, the reaction time (RT), and the confidence level (CL) in the perceived accuracy of the raters' responses. We found the highest MDS-UPDRS 3.2 scores in PD, and higher in AD than HCs. When evaluating the posed expression captures, raters identified a lower percentage of correct answers in the PD and AD groups than HCs. There was no difference in raters' response accuracy between the PD and AD. No difference was observed in RT and CL data between groups. Hypomimia in patients correlated positively with the global MDS-UPDRS-III and negatively with Mini Mental State Examination scores. PD and AD patients have a similar pattern of reduced facial emotion expressivity compared to controls. These findings hold potential pathophysiological and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulia Paparella
- IRCCS Neuromed Pozzilli (IS), Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università, 30, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Salzillo
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università, 30, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Donato Colella
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università, 30, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Canevelli
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università, 30, 00185, Rome, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Davide Costa
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università, 30, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Birreci
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università, 30, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Angelini
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università, 30, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Guerra
- Parkinson and Movement Disorder Unit, Study Center on Neurodegeneration (CESNE), Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Lucia Ricciardi
- St George's, University of London and St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences Research Centre, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0QT, UK
| | - Giuseppe Bruno
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università, 30, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Berardelli
- IRCCS Neuromed Pozzilli (IS), Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università, 30, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Bologna
- IRCCS Neuromed Pozzilli (IS), Pozzilli, Italy.
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università, 30, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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3
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Pless A, Ware D, Saggu S, Rehman H, Morgan J, Wang Q. Understanding neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: challenges and advances in diagnosis and treatment. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1263771. [PMID: 37732300 PMCID: PMC10508352 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1263771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) affect up to 97% of AD patients, with an estimated 80% of current AD patients experiencing these symptoms. Common AD-associated NPS include depression, anxiety, agitation, aggression, and apathy. The severity of NPS in AD is typically linked to the disease's progression and the extent of cognitive decline. Additionally, these symptoms are responsible for a significant increase in morbidity, mortality, caregiver burden, earlier nursing home placement, and greater healthcare expenditure. Despite their high prevalence and significant impact, there is a notable lack of clinical research on NPS in AD. In this article, we explore and analyze the prevalence, symptom manifestations, challenges in diagnosis, and treatment options of NPS associated with AD. Our literature review reveals that distinguishing and accurately diagnosing the NPS associated with AD remains a challenging task in clinical settings. It is often difficult to discern whether NPS are secondary to pathophysiological changes from AD or are comorbid psychiatric conditions. Furthermore, the availability of effective pharmaceutical interventions, as well as non-pharmacotherapies for NPS in AD, remains limited. By highlighting the advance and challenges in diagnosis and treatment of AD-associated NPS, we aspire to offer new insights into the complexity of identifying and treating these symptoms within the context of AD, and contribute to a deeper understanding of the multifaceted nature of NPS in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Pless
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Destany Ware
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Shalini Saggu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Hasibur Rehman
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - John Morgan
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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Toya S, Manabe Y, Hashimoto M, Yamakage H, Ikeda M. Questionnaire survey of satisfaction with medication for five symptom domains of dementia with Lewy bodies among patients, their caregivers, and their attending physicians. Psychogeriatrics 2023; 23:752-762. [PMID: 37357011 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The real-world status of satisfaction with medication for dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) has not been elucidated. We assessed the satisfaction of patients with DLB, their caregivers, and their attending physicians (trios) with medication according to the clinical symptom domains of DLB. METHODS This was a subanalysis of a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based, survey study of trios. The subanalysis set comprised analysis populations for cognitive impairment, parkinsonism, psychiatric symptoms, sleep-related disorders, and autonomic dysfunction (orthostatic hypotension, constipation, and dysuria). These analysis populations included trios of patients who had any symptom domain and took medication for each symptom domain, and for which all trio data on satisfaction with medication for the symptom domain were available. The degrees of satisfaction with medication were classified as 'satisfied', 'neutral', or 'dissatisfied'. RESULTS The analysis set for this study included 110 trios for cognitive impairment, 62 for parkinsonism, 47 for psychiatric symptoms, 29 for sleep-related disorders, none for orthostatic hypotension, 11 for constipation, and seven for dysuria. There were no statistically significant differences in the degree of satisfaction with medication for symptom domains other than parkinsonism and dysuria between patients-caregivers, patients-physicians, and caregivers-physicians. Regarding satisfaction with medication for parkinsonism, significantly more physicians than patients answered 'satisfied' (75.8% vs. 51.6%), and significantly more patients than physicians answered 'neutral' (35.5% vs. 14.5%) (P = 0.013). Regarding satisfaction with medication for dysuria, significantly more caregivers than physicians answered 'satisfied' (100% vs. 28.6%, P = 0.038). CONCLUSIONS Satisfaction with medication for symptom domains other than parkinsonism and dysuria was similar among trios. Our results suggest that physicians should pay more attention to patients' satisfaction with medication for parkinsonism, and to caregivers' satisfaction with medication for dysuria to help prevent undermedication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunji Toya
- Medical Science, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Manabe
- Department of Dementia and Geriatric Medicine, Division of Clinical Science, Kanagawa Dental University School of Dentistry, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Mamoru Hashimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hajime Yamakage
- Insight Clinical Development Group, 3H Medi Solution Inc., Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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5
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Marsili L, Duque KR, Gregor N, Abdelghany E, Abanto J, Duker AP, Hagen MC, Espay AJ, Bologna M. Bradykinesia in Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Blinded Video Analysis of Pathology-Proven Cases. Mov Disord 2023; 38:496-501. [PMID: 36707401 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bradykinesia is a cardinal feature in parkinsonisms. No study has assessed the differential features of bradykinesia in patients with pathology-proven synucleinopathies and tauopathies. OBJECTIVE We examined whether bradykinesia features (speed, amplitude, rhythm, and sequence effect) may differ between pathology-proven synucleinopathies and tauopathies. METHODS Forty-two cases who underwent autopsy were included and divided into synucleinopathies (Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies) and tauopathies (progressive supranuclear palsy). Two raters blinded to the diagnosis retrospectively scored the Movement Disorders Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III and Modified Bradykinesia Rating Scale on standardized videotaped neurological examinations. Bradykinesia scores were compared using the Mann-Whitney test and logistic regression models to adjust for disease duration. RESULTS Demographic and clinical parameters were similar between synucleinopathies and tauopathies. There were no differences between speed, amplitude, rhythm, and sequence effect in synucleinopathies and tauopathies in unadjusted comparisons and adjusted models (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Clinical bradykinesia features do not distinguish the underlying neuropathology in neurodegenerative parkinsonisms. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Marsili
- Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kevin R Duque
- Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Nathan Gregor
- Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Elhusseini Abdelghany
- Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jesus Abanto
- Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew P Duker
- Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthew C Hagen
- Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Alberto J Espay
- Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Matteo Bologna
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
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6
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The Neuroprotective Activities of the Novel Multi-Target Iron-Chelators in Models of Alzheimer's Disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Aging. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050763. [PMID: 36899898 PMCID: PMC10001413 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of chelation therapy as a valuable therapeutic approach in neurological disorders led us to develop multi-target, non-toxic, lipophilic, brain-permeable compounds with iron chelation and anti-apoptotic properties for neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), age-related dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Herein, we reviewed our two most effective such compounds, M30 and HLA20, based on a multimodal drug design paradigm. The compounds have been tested for their mechanisms of action using animal and cellular models such as APP/PS1 AD transgenic (Tg) mice, G93A-SOD1 mutant ALS Tg mice, C57BL/6 mice, Neuroblastoma × Spinal Cord-34 (NSC-34) hybrid cells, a battery of behavior tests, and various immunohistochemical and biochemical techniques. These novel iron chelators exhibit neuroprotective activities by attenuating relevant neurodegenerative pathology, promoting positive behavior changes, and up-regulating neuroprotective signaling pathways. Taken together, these results suggest that our multifunctional iron-chelating compounds can upregulate several neuroprotective-adaptive mechanisms and pro-survival signaling pathways in the brain and might function as ideal drugs for neurodegenerative disorders, such as PD, AD, ALS, and aging-related cognitive decline, in which oxidative stress and iron-mediated toxicity and dysregulation of iron homeostasis have been implicated.
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7
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Deolankar SC, Najar MA, Ramesh P, Kanichery A, Kudva AK, Raghu SV, Prasad TSK. Discovery of Molecular Networks of Neuroprotection Conferred by Brahmi Extract in Aβ 42-Induced Toxicity Model of Drosophila melanogaster Using a Quantitative Proteomic Approach. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 60:303-316. [PMID: 36261695 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03066-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of Aβ42 peptides forming plaque in various regions of the brain is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. However, to date, there is no effective management strategy reported for attenuation of Aβ42-induced toxicity in the early stages of the disease. Alternate medicinal systems such as Ayurveda in the past few decades show promising results in the management of neuronal complications. Medhya Rasayana such as Brahmi is known for its neuroprotective properties via resolving memory-related issues, while the underlying molecular mechanism of the same remains unclear. In the present study, we aimed to understand the neuroprotective effects of the aqueous extract of Bacopa monnieri and Centella asiatica (both commonly known as Brahmi) against the Aβ42 expressing model of the Drosophila melanogaster. By applying a quantitative proteomics approach, the study identified > 90% of differentially expressed proteins from Aβ42 expressing D. melanogaster were either restored to their original expression pattern or showed no change in expression pattern upon receiving either Brahmi extract treatment. The Brahmi restored proteins were part of neuronal pathways associated with cell cycle re-entry, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dynamics. The neuroprotective effect of Brahmi was also validated by negative geotaxis behavioral analysis suggesting its protective role against behavioral deficits exerted by Aβ42 toxicity. We believe that these discoveries will provide a platform for developing novel therapeutics for AD management by deciphering molecular targets of neuroprotection conferred by an aqueous extract of Bacopa monnieri or Centella asiatica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayali Chandrashekhar Deolankar
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Mohd Altaf Najar
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Poornima Ramesh
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Anagha Kanichery
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Avinash K Kudva
- Department of Biochemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalore, India
| | | | - T S Keshava Prasad
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, India.
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Kociolek AJ, Fernandez KK, Jin Z, Cosentino S, Zhu CW, Gu Y, Stern Y. Extrapyramidal signs and Alzheimer's disease prognosis in a multiethnic, community-based sample of demented elders. Alzheimers Dement 2021; 17:1465-1473. [PMID: 33710771 PMCID: PMC11348888 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Extrapyramidal signs (EPS) are a common feature of Alzheimer's disease associated with worse outcomes in observational studies of dementia. Less research has been conducted on ethnic minority and non-clinic-based populations. METHODS One hundred and forty-two multiethnic community-dwelling participants with dementia were selected. Adjusted Cox models were fitted for mortality, cognitive (Mini Mental State Examination ≤10), functional (Blessed Dementia Rating Scale ≥10), and dependency (needs full-time care) endpoints with baseline EPS as predictor. RESULTS Thirty-seven participants (26.06%) had EPS at baseline. EPS predicted more rapid time to death (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.49, 5.42), and functional endpoint (HR = 3.88, 95% CI = 1.75, 8.62) but not cognitive and dependency endpoints. No evidence of interaction by ethnicity, age, sex, education, or apolipoprotein E ε4 polymorphism was found. DISCUSSION Our results partially confirm previous studies on predominantly White, clinic-based samples. Further research is needed to better understand the etiological role of EPS in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton J. Kociolek
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kayri K. Fernandez
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zhezhen Jin
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stephanie Cosentino
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Carolyn W. Zhu
- Brookdale Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Yian Gu
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yaakov Stern
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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9
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Paparella G, Fasano A, Hallett M, Berardelli A, Bologna M. Emerging concepts on bradykinesia in non-parkinsonian conditions. Eur J Neurol 2021; 28:2403-2422. [PMID: 33793037 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Bradykinesia is one of the cardinal motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. However, clinical and experimental studies indicate that bradykinesia may also be observed in various neurological diseases not primarily characterized by parkinsonism. These conditions include hyperkinetic movement disorders, such as dystonia, chorea, and essential tremor. Bradykinesia may also be observed in patients with neurological conditions that are not seen as "movement disorders," including those characterized by the involvement of the cerebellum and corticospinal system, dementia, multiple sclerosis, and psychiatric disorders. METHODS We reviewed clinical reports and experimental studies on bradykinesia in non-parkinsonian conditions and discussed the major findings. RESULTS Bradykinesia is a common motor abnormality in non-parkinsonian conditions. From a pathophysiological standpoint, bradykinesia in neurological conditions not primarily characterized by parkinsonism may be explained by brain network dysfunction. CONCLUSION In addition to the pathophysiological implications, the present paper highlights important terminological issues and the need for a new, more accurate, and more widely used definition of bradykinesia in the context of movement disorders and other neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfonso Fasano
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Hallett
- Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alfredo Berardelli
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Bologna
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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10
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Uddin MS, Kabir MT, Rahman MH, Alim MA, Rahman MM, Khatkar A, Al Mamun A, Rauf A, Mathew B, Ashraf GM. Exploring the Multifunctional Neuroprotective Promise of Rasagiline Derivatives for Multi-Dysfunctional Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:4690-4698. [PMID: 32250219 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200406075044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic, age-related, and irreversible brain disorder that typically develops slowly and gets worse over time. The potent auspicious drug candidate for the treatment of AD is supposed to perform the simultaneous modulation of several targets linked to AD. The new therapeutic approach involves drug candidates that are designed to act on multiple targets and have various pharmacological properties. This trend has triggered the development of various multimodal drugs including TV-3326 (i.e. ladostigil) and M-30 (i.e. a new multitarget iron chelator). TV-3326 combines the neurorestorative/neuroprotective effects of the cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitory activity of rivastigmine with rasagiline (a selective monoamine oxidase-B inhibitor and novel antiparkinsonian agent) in a single molecule. M-30, the second derivative of rasagiline, was developed by combining the propargyl moiety of rasagiline into the skeleton of VK-28 (i.e. a novel brain permeable neuroprotective iron chelator). It has been revealed that both the compounds possess anti-AD effects and therefore, the clinical development is directed to the treatment of this type of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). In this article, we have reviewed the neuroprotective molecular mechanisms and multimodal effects of TV-3326 and M-30.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh,Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Abdul Alim
- Department of Chemistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh,Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Md Motiar Rahman
- Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Anurag Khatkar
- Laboratory for Preservation Technology and Enzyme Inhibition Studies, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh,Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Anbar 23561, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ahalia School of Pharmacy, Palakkad, India
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University,
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Loeffler DA. Modifiable, Non-Modifiable, and Clinical Factors Associated with Progression of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:1-27. [PMID: 33459643 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There is an extensive literature relating to factors associated with the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but less is known about factors which may contribute to its progression. This review examined the literature with regard to 15 factors which were suggested by PubMed search to be positively associated with the cognitive and/or neuropathological progression of AD. The factors were grouped as potentially modifiable (vascular risk factors, comorbidities, malnutrition, educational level, inflammation, and oxidative stress), non-modifiable (age at clinical onset, family history of dementia, gender, Apolipoprotein E ɛ4, genetic variants, and altered gene regulation), and clinical (baseline cognitive level, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and extrapyramidal signs). Although conflicting results were found for the majority of factors, a positive association was found in nearly all studies which investigated the relationship of six factors to AD progression: malnutrition, genetic variants, altered gene regulation, baseline cognitive level, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and extrapyramidal signs. Whether these or other factors which have been suggested to be associated with AD progression actually influence the rate of decline of AD patients is unclear. Therapeutic approaches which include addressing of modifiable factors associated with AD progression should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Loeffler
- Beaumont Research Institute, Department of Neurology, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
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12
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Bradykinesia in Alzheimer’s disease and its neurophysiological substrates. Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 131:850-858. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.12.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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13
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Ionov ID, Pushinskaya II, Gorev NP, Frenkel DD. Cyclosomatostatin-induced catalepsy in aged rats: Specific change of brain c-Fos protein expression in the lateral entorhinal cortex. Brain Res Bull 2020; 159:79-86. [PMID: 32224159 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aging represents the largest risk factor for developing Parkinson's disease (PD); another salient feature of this disorder is a decreased brain levels of somatostatin. Recently, in aged Wistar rats, we simulated the central somatostatinergic deficiency by intracerebroventricular injections of a somatostatin antagonist, cyclosomatostatin (cSST). The treated animals displayed catalepsy, a state that resembles the extrapyramidal signs of Parkinson's disease; young animals were insensitive to cSST. The neuroanatomical substrates responsible for the increased cataleptogenic activity of cSST in aged animals, are currently unknown. To study this issue, we assessed the cSST effect on brain c-Fos-protein expression in aged and young rats; thirty three brain regions were examined. cSST was employed at the dose cataleptogenic for aged animals and non-cataleptogenic for young ones. c-Fos expression patterns in the 'cataleptic' and 'non-cataleptic' animals were very similar, with the only distinction being a decrease in the c-Fos expression in the aged lateral entorhinal cortex (LEntCx). This decrease was not observed when the cSST-induced cataleptic response was inhibited by administration of diphenhydramine and nicotine. Thus, the development of catalepsy in the aged Wistar rats appeared to be associated with a hypoactivation of the LEntCx; possibly, there exists a mechanistic link between the LEntCx hypoactivation and increased susceptibility of aged rats to catalepsy. Apparently, these findings may provide novel insight into the link between mechanisms of parkinsonian motor disorders and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya D Ionov
- Centre on Theoretical Problems in Physical and Chemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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14
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Levin J. Parkinsonism in genetic and sporadic Alzheimer's disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2019; 149:237-247. [PMID: 31779814 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by deposition of pathologically aggregated amyloid-β in the extracellular space and pathologically aggregated tau protein in the intracellular space. Mainly affected brain areas are the temporal and the parietal lobe, which cause the classical AD phenotype consisting of increasing forgetfulness and difficulties to orientate. However, AD pathology is not restricted to these brain areas and spreads through the brain as the disease progresses, which can lead to a number of additional symptoms and to atypical presentations. Motor symptoms in AD are the topic of this chapter. Even though motor symptoms are usually not severe and seldomly treated, motor symptoms are quite frequent and can be observed in the majority of AD cases. Motor symptoms are especially frequent in cases with early onset and long disease duration, for example in Apolipoprotein E e4 carriers and in familial early onset AD. In severe cases treatment with pharmacological approaches might be considered. However, treatment strategies largely rely on expert opinions. Due to potential positive impact on prognosis non-pharmacological treatment and exercise might be considered in less advanced cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Levin
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) e.V., Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
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15
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Maremmani C, Monastero R, Orlandi G, Salvadori S, Pieroni A, Baschi R, Pecori A, Dolciotti C, Berchina G, Rovini E, Cuddemi F, Cavallo F. Objective assessment of blinking and facial expressions in Parkinson's disease using a vertical electro-oculogram and facial surface electromyography. Physiol Meas 2019; 40:065005. [PMID: 31018181 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ab1c05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypomimia is a common and early symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD), which reduces the ability of PD patients to manifest emotions. Currently, it is visually evaluated by the neurologist during neurological examinations for PD diagnosis, as described in task 3.2 of the Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS). Since such an evaluation is semi-quantitative and affected by inter-variability, this paper aims to measure the physiological parameters related to eye blink and facial expressions extracted from a vertical electro-oculogram (VEOG) and facial surface electromyography (fsEMG) to differentiate PD patients from healthy control subjects (HCs). APPROACH The spontaneous eye blink rate-minute (sEBR), its maximum amplitude (BMP), and facial cutaneous muscle activity were measured in 24 PD patients and 24 HCs while the subjects looked at a visual-tester composed of three main parts: static vision, dynamic vision and reading silently. Specificity and sensitivity for each parameter were calculated. MAIN RESULTS The VEOG and the fsEMG allowed the identification of some parameters related to eye blink and facial expressions (i.e. sEBR, BMP, frontal and peribuccal muscular activities), being able to distinguish between PD patients and HCs with high sensitivity and specificity. SIGNIFICANCE The demonstration that the combination of parameters related to eye blink and facial expressions can discriminate (with high accuracy) between PD patients versus HCs, thus resulting in a useful tool to support the neurologist in objective assessment of hypomimia for improving PD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Maremmani
- Unità Operativa di Neurologia, Laboratorio Congiunto di Neuro-Biorobotica, Ospedale delle Apuane, Azienda USL Toscana Nord Ovest, Massa, Italia
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16
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Peralta V, Cuesta MJ. Motor Abnormalities: From Neurodevelopmental to Neurodegenerative Through "Functional" (Neuro)Psychiatric Disorders. Schizophr Bull 2017; 43:956-971. [PMID: 28911050 PMCID: PMC5581892 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbx089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Motor abnormalities (MAs) of severe mental disorders have been traditionally neglected both in clinical practice and research, although they are an increasing focus of attention because of their clinical and neurobiological relevance. For historical reasons, most of the literature on MAs has been focused to a great extent on schizophrenia, and as a consequence their prevalence and featural properties in other psychiatric or neuropsychiatric disorders are poorly known. In this article, we evaluated the extent to which catatonic, extrapyramidal and neurological soft signs, and their associated clinical features, are present transdiagnostically. Methods We examined motor-related features in neurodevelopmental (schizophrenia, obsessive compulsive disorder, autism spectrum disorders), "functional" (nonschizophrenic nonaffective psychoses, mood disorders) and neurodegenerative (Alzheimer's disease) disorders. Examination of the literature revealed that there have been very few comparisons of motor-related features across diagnoses and we had to rely mainly in disorder-specific studies to compare it transdiagnostically. Results One or more motor domains had a substantial prevalence in all the diagnoses examined. In "functional" disorders, MAs, and particularly catatonic signs, appear to be markers of episode severity; in chronic disorders, although with different degree of strength or evidence, all motor domains are indicators of both disorder severity and poor outcome; lastly, in Alzheimer's disease they are also indicators of disorder progression. Conclusions MAs appear to represent a true transdiagnostic domain putatively sharing neurobiological mechanisms of neurodevelopmental, functional or neurodegenerative origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Peralta
- Mental Health Department, Servicio Navarro de Salud, Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Manuel J Cuesta
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Psychiatry Service, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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17
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Acosta P, Insuasty B, Abonia R, Gutierrez M, Quiroga J. Synthesis of novel 7-aryl and 7-spiropyrazolo[4′,3′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives and their study as AChE inhibitors. Mol Divers 2017; 21:943-955. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-017-9774-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Benito-León J, Contador I, Louis ED, Cosentino S, Bermejo-Pareja F. Education and risk of incident dementia during the premotor and motor phases of essential tremor (NEDICES). Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4607. [PMID: 27537597 PMCID: PMC5370823 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with late-onset essential tremor (ET) (e.g., older adults) seem to have an increased prevalence of mild cognitive impairment and dementia, and a higher risk of incident dementia. It is well-known that education has a protective role against dementia in individuals without a pre-existing neurologic disorder, but evidence regarding the maintenance of this effect during the premotor and motor phases of ET is unknown. Our aim was to determine the influence of education on the risk of dementia in a population-based cohort of ET patients and controls. In a prospective study (Neurological Disorders in Central Spain), participants ≥65 years old were evaluated twice: at baseline (1994-1995) and at follow-up (1997-1998). There were 3 groups: premotor (i.e., participants first diagnosed with incident ET at follow-up), prevalent ET (i.e., participants diagnosed with ET at baseline and at follow-up), and controls. Participants were stratified into lower education (≤primary studies) versus higher education (≥secondary studies) categories. Dementia risk was estimated using Cox proportional-hazards models (higher education control group = reference category). Among the participants, 3878 had a mean duration of follow-up of 3.2 years. Eight (16.7%) of 48 lower education premotor ET patients developed incident dementia versus 1 (3.3%) of 30 higher education premotor ET patients, 9 (7.1%) of 126 lower education prevalent ET patients, 7 (8.8%) of 80 higher education prevalent ET patients, and 92 (4.9%) of 1892 lower education controls (P < 0.001). In comparison to the higher education controls, the adjusted hazard ratios for incident dementia were 5.84 (lower education premotor ET, P < 0.001); 1.36 (higher education premotor ET, P = 0.76); 2.13 (lower education prevalent ET, P = 0.04); 2.79 (higher education prevalent ET, P = 0.01); and 1.66 (lower education controls, P = 0.01). Our results suggest that a higher educational attainment may ameliorate the risk of incident dementia during the premotor phase of ET, but not in the motor phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Benito-León
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
- Department of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: Julián Benito-León, Avda, de la Constitución 73, portal 3, 7° Izquierda, E-28821 Coslada, Madrid, Spain (e-mail: )
| | - Israel Contador
- Department of Basic Psychology, Psychobiology and Methodology of Behavioral Science, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Elan D. Louis
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health
- Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological Research, Yale School of Medicine and Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Stephanie Cosentino
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division of the Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Félix Bermejo-Pareja
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
- Department of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Nakayama N, Suzuki M, Endo A, Nitanda Y, Tanabe N, Watanabe A, Fukuda M, Endo T. Impact of dementia on behavioral independence and disturbance. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 17:605-613. [PMID: 27381711 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Decreasing behavioral independence levels and increasing frequencies of behavioral disturbances are the most problematic aspects for people with dementia. However, the relative effects of dementia on these factors are unknown. We investigated variability in behavioral independence and disturbance profiles of patients with dementia. METHODS This was a cross-sectional correlation study in which 70 inpatients with dementia from convalescent wards in a hospital were enrolled. We assessed cognitive impairments with the Mini-Mental State Examination, evaluated behavioral independence levels with the Functional Independence Measure and assessed frequency of behavioral disturbances with the Dementia Behavior Disturbance Scale. RESULTS Coefficient determination was 0.395 (P < 0.0001) between the Mini-Mental State Examination and Functional Independence Measure scores, 0.261 (P < 0.0001) between the Mini-Mental State Examination and Dementia Behavior Disturbance Scale scores, and 0.355 (P < 0.0001) between the Functional Independence Measure and Dementia Behavior Disturbance Scale scores. The most easily accomplished behavioral independence was eating, and the hardest was transfer to tub/shower. The behavioral disturbance with the highest frequency was urinary incontinence, and the lowest was emptying drawers or closets. CONCLUSIONS Moderate correlations were found between severity of dementia and behavioral independence levels and frequencies of behavioral disturbances. There were both easier and harder to accomplish behaviors, and both higher and lower frequencies of behavioral disturbances. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 605-613.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Nakayama
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shiroishi Asuka Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Makoto Suzuki
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Arisa Endo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Espoir Kita Hiroshima, Kita Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nitanda
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sakuradai Asuka Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nao Tanabe
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sakuradai Asuka Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Aki Watanabe
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Michinari Fukuda
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Teruaki Endo
- Nihon Welfare and Rehabilitation Institute, Eniwa, Japan
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20
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Rodríguez YA, Gutiérrez M, Ramírez D, Alzate-Morales J, Bernal CC, Güiza FM, Romero Bohórquez AR. Novel N-allyl/propargyl tetrahydroquinolines: Synthesis via Three-component Cationic Imino Diels-Alder Reaction, Binding Prediction, and Evaluation as Cholinesterase Inhibitors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2016; 88:498-510. [PMID: 27085663 PMCID: PMC5053295 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
New N‐allyl/propargyl 4‐substituted 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinolines derivatives were efficiently synthesized using acid‐catalyzed three components cationic imino Diels–Alder reaction (70–95%). All compounds were tested in vitro as dual acetylcholinesterase and butyryl‐cholinesterase inhibitors and their potential binding modes, and affinity, were predicted by molecular docking and binding free energy calculations (∆G) respectively. The compound 4af (IC50 = 72 μm) presented the most effective inhibition against acetylcholinesterase despite its poor selectivity (SI = 2), while the best inhibitory activity on butyryl‐cholinesterase was exhibited by compound 4ae (IC50 = 25.58 μm) with considerable selectivity (SI = 0.15). Molecular docking studies indicated that the most active compounds fit in the reported acetylcholinesterase and butyryl‐cholinesterase active sites. Moreover, our computational data indicated a high correlation between the calculated ∆G and the experimental activity values in both targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeray A Rodríguez
- Laboratorio Síntesis Orgánica, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, 3460000, Chile
| | - Margarita Gutiérrez
- Laboratorio Síntesis Orgánica, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, 3460000, Chile.
| | - David Ramírez
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Casilla 721, Talca, 3460000, Chile
| | - Jans Alzate-Morales
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Casilla 721, Talca, 3460000, Chile
| | - Cristian C Bernal
- Grupo de Investigación de Compuestos Orgánicos de Interés Medicinal (CODEIM), Parque Tecnológico Guatiguará, Universidad Industrial de Santander, A.A. 678, Piedecuesta, Colombia
| | - Fausto M Güiza
- Grupo de Investigación de Compuestos Orgánicos de Interés Medicinal (CODEIM), Parque Tecnológico Guatiguará, Universidad Industrial de Santander, A.A. 678, Piedecuesta, Colombia
| | - Arnold R Romero Bohórquez
- Grupo de Investigación de Compuestos Orgánicos de Interés Medicinal (CODEIM), Parque Tecnológico Guatiguará, Universidad Industrial de Santander, A.A. 678, Piedecuesta, Colombia.
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21
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Weinreb O, Amit T, Bar-Am O, Youdim MBH. Neuroprotective effects of multifaceted hybrid agents targeting MAO, cholinesterase, iron and β-amyloid in ageing and Alzheimer's disease. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 173:2080-94. [PMID: 26332830 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Alzheimer's disease (AD) is accepted nowadays as a complex neurodegenerative disorder with multifaceted cerebral pathologies, including extracellular deposition of amyloid β peptide-containing plaques, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, progressive loss of cholinergic neurons, metal dyshomeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, glutamate excitoxicity, oxidative stress and increased MAO enzyme activity. This may explain why it is currently widely accepted that a more effective therapy for AD would result from the use of multifunctional drugs, which may affect more than one brain target involved in the disease pathology. The current review will discuss the potential benefits of novel multimodal neuroprotective, brain permeable drugs, recently developed by Youdim and collaborators, as a valuable therapeutic approach for AD treatment. The pharmacological and neuroprotective properties of these multitarget-directed ligands, which target MAO enzymes, the cholinergic system, iron accumulation and amyloid β peptide generation/aggregation are described, with a special emphasis on their potential therapeutic value for ageing and AD-associated cognitive functions. This review is conceived as a tribute to the broad neuropharmacology work of Professor Moussa Youdim, Professor Emeritus in the Faculty of Medicine and Director of Eve Topf Center of Excellence in Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, and Chief Scientific Officer of ABITAL Pharma Pipeline Ltd., at the occasion of his 75th birthday. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Updating Neuropathology and Neuropharmacology of Monoaminergic Systems. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v173.13/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orly Weinreb
- Eve Topf Centers of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,ABITAL Pharma Pipeline Ltd., Yokneam, Israel
| | - Tamar Amit
- Eve Topf Centers of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,ABITAL Pharma Pipeline Ltd., Yokneam, Israel
| | - Orit Bar-Am
- Eve Topf Centers of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,ABITAL Pharma Pipeline Ltd., Yokneam, Israel
| | - Moussa B H Youdim
- Eve Topf Centers of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,ABITAL Pharma Pipeline Ltd., Yokneam, Israel
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22
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Poças GM, Branco-Santos J, Herrera F, Outeiro TF, Domingos PM. α-Synuclein modifies mutant huntingtin aggregation and neurotoxicity in Drosophila. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 24:1898-907. [PMID: 25452431 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein misfolding and aggregation is a major hallmark of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD). Until recently, the consensus was that each aggregation-prone protein was characteristic of each disorder [α-synuclein (α-syn)/PD, mutant huntingtin (Htt)/HD, Tau and amyloid beta peptide/AD]. However, growing evidence indicates that aggregation-prone proteins can actually co-aggregate and modify each other's behavior and toxicity, suggesting that this process may also contribute to the overlap in clinical symptoms across different diseases. Here, we show that α-syn and mutant Htt co-aggregate in vivo when co-expressed in Drosophila and produce a synergistic age-dependent increase in neurotoxicity associated to a decline in motor function and life span. Altogether, our results suggest that the co-existence of α-syn and Htt in the same neuronal cells worsens aggregation-related neuropathologies and accelerates disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo M Poças
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Oeiras 2780-157, Portugal
| | - Joana Branco-Santos
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Oeiras 2780-157, Portugal, Cell and Molecular Neuroscience Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, Lisboa 1649-029, Portugal
| | - Federico Herrera
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Oeiras 2780-157, Portugal, Cell and Molecular Neuroscience Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, Lisboa 1649-029, Portugal
| | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- Cell and Molecular Neuroscience Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, Lisboa 1649-029, Portugal Department of Neurodegeneration and Restorative Research, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Goettingen, Waldweg 33, Goettingen 37073, Germany
| | - Pedro M Domingos
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Oeiras 2780-157, Portugal,
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23
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Youdim MBH. Multi target neuroprotective and neurorestorative anti-Parkinson and anti-Alzheimer drugs ladostigil and m30 derived from rasagiline. Exp Neurobiol 2013; 22:1-10. [PMID: 23585716 PMCID: PMC3620452 DOI: 10.5607/en.2013.22.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Present anti-PD and -AD drugs have limited symptomatic activity and devoid of neuroprotective and neurorestorative property that is needed for disease modifying action. The complex pathology of PD and AD led us to develop several multi-target neuroprotective and neurorestorative drugs with several CNS targets with the ability for possible disease modifying activity. Employing the pharmacophore of our anti-parkinson drug rasagiline (Azilect, N-propagrgyl-1-R-aminoindan), we have developed a series of novel multi-functional neuroprotective drugs (A) [TV-3326 (N-propargyl-3R-aminoindan-5yl)-ethyl methylcarbamate)], with both cholinesterase-butyrylesterase and brain selective monoamine-oxidase (MAO) A/B inhibitory activities and (B) the iron chelator-radical scavenging-brain selective monoamine oxidase (MAO) A/B inhibitor and M30 possessing the neuroprotective and neurorescuing propargyl moiety of rasagiline, as potential treatment of AD, DLB and PD with dementia. Another series of multi-target drugs (M30, HLA-20 series) which are brain permeable iron chelators and potent selective brain MAO inhibitors were also developed. These series of drugs have the ability of regulating and processing amyloid precursor protein (APP) since APP and alpha-synuclein are metaloproteins (iron-regulated proteins), with an iron responsive element 5"UTR mRNA similar to transferring and ferritin. Ladostigil inhibits brain acetyl and butyrylcholinesterase in rats after oral doses. After chronic but not acute treatment, it inhibits MAO-A and -B in the brain. Ladostigil acts like an anti-depressant in the forced swim test in rats, indicating a potential for anti-depressant activity. Ladostigil prevents the destruction of nigrostriatal neurons induced by infusion of neurotoxin MPTP in mice. The propargylamine moiety of ladostigil confers neuroprotective activity against cytotoxicity induced by ischemia and peroxynitrite in cultured neuronal cells. The multi-target iron chelator M30 has all the properties of ladostigil and similar neuroprotective activity to ladostigil, but is not a ChE inhibitor. M30 has a neurorestorative activity in post-lesion of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons in MPTP, lacatcystin and 6-hydroxydopamine animal models of PD. The neurorestorative activity is related to the ability of the drug to activate hypoxia inducing factor (HIF) which induces the production of such neurotrophins as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and erythropoietin as well as glia-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). The unique multiple actions of ladostigil and M30 make the potentially useful drugs for the treatment of dementia with Parkinsonian-like symptoms and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moussa B H Youdim
- Technion Rappaort Faculty of Medicine, Eve Topf and NPF Centers of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases Haifa, Haifa 30196, Israel. ; Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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Propargylamine-derived multitarget-directed ligands: fighting Alzheimer’s disease with monoamine oxidase inhibitors. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2012; 120:893-902. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-012-0948-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Suzuki M, Kirimoto H, Inamura A, Yagi M, Omori Y, Yamada S. The relationship between knee extension strength and lower extremity functions in nursing home residents with dementia. Disabil Rehabil 2011; 34:202-9. [DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2011.593678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Herrera F, Outeiro TF. α-Synuclein modifies huntingtin aggregation in living cells. FEBS Lett 2011; 586:7-12. [PMID: 22119730 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Several neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by the accumulation of proteinaceous inclusions in the central nervous system. These inclusions are frequently composed of a mixture of aggregation-prone proteins. Here, we used a bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay to study the initial steps of the co-aggregation of huntingtin (Htt) and α-synuclein (α-syn), two aggregation-prone proteins involved in Huntington's disease (HD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), respectively. We found that Htt (exon 1) oligomerized with α-syn and sequestered it in the cytosol. In turn, α-syn increased the number of cells displaying aggregates, decreased the number of aggregates per cell and increased the average size of the aggregates. Our results support the idea that co-aggregation of aggregation-prone proteins can contribute to the histopathology of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Herrera
- Cell and Molecular Neuroscience Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisboa, Portugal
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LaRoia H, Louis ED. Association between essential tremor and other neurodegenerative diseases: what is the epidemiological evidence? Neuroepidemiology 2011; 37:1-10. [PMID: 21757958 DOI: 10.1159/000328866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The possible links between essential tremor (ET) and Parkinson's disease (PD) and, more recently, between ET and Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been of great interest, particularly with the emergence of postmortem data suggesting that ET itself may be a neurodegenerative disease. Given the very high population prevalence of ET, its possible role as a risk factor for PD and AD is of special significance. At the center of this debate is the burgeoning evidence from epidemiological studies, examining whether there is an increased co-occurrence of these conditions within the same individuals or within families. METHODS We conducted a PubMed search from 1966 to March 2011 and reviewed the epidemiological evidence, restricting our analyses to studies that generated quantifiable measures of association (odds ratios or relative risks), thereby being able to assess the role of chance. RESULTS The most robust evidence, from case-control, prospective and familial aggregation studies, indicates that ET is associated with increased odds and increased risks of both PD and AD. CONCLUSIONS There is reasonable epidemiological evidence to support a link between ET and these neurodegenerative diseases. Further studies are needed to corroborate the current results, provide additional estimates of effect and begin to explore the mechanistic underpinnings for these intriguing associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiral LaRoia
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Weinreb O, Mandel S, Bar-Am O, Amit T. Iron-chelating backbone coupled with monoamine oxidase inhibitory moiety as novel pluripotential therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease: a tribute to Moussa Youdim. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2011; 118:479-92. [PMID: 21360301 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-011-0597-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It is for these authors a great privilege to dedicate this review article to Moussa Youdim, who is one of the most imperative pharmacologists and pioneer investigators in the search and development of novel therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases. 40 years ago, Moussa Youdim has started studying brain iron, catecholamine receptor and monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A and -B functions. Although Moussa Youdim succeeded in exploring the novel anti-Parkinsonian, selective MAO-B inhibitor drug, rasagiline (Azilect, Teva Pharmaceutical Co.), he did not stop searching for superior therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative disorders. To date, Moussa Youdim and his research group are designing and synthesizing pluripotential drug candidates possessing diverse pharmacological properties that can act on multiple targets and pathological features ascribed to Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. One such example is the multimodal non-toxic, brain-permeable iron-chelating compound, M30 (5-[N-methyl-N-propargylaminomethyl]-8-hydroxyquinoline), which amalgamates the propargyl moiety of rasagiline with the backbone of the potent iron chelator, VK28. This review discusses the multiple effects of several leading compounds of this series, concerning their neuroprotective/neurorestorative molecular mechanisms in vivo and in vitro, with a special focus on the pathological features ascribed to AD, including antioxidant and iron chelating activities, regulation of amyloid precursor protein and amyloid β peptide expression processing, activation of pro-survival signaling pathways and regulation of cell cycle and neurite outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orly Weinreb
- Eve Topf Centers of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research and Department of Pharmacology, Rappaport Family Research Institute, Technion-Faculty of Medicine, P.O.B. 9697, 31096, Haifa, Israel.
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Weinreb O, Amit T, Bar-Am O, Youdim MB. A novel anti-Alzheimer's disease drug, ladostigil. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2011; 100:191-215. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386467-3.00010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Weinreb O, Amit T, Mandel S, Kupershmidt L, Youdim MBH. Neuroprotective multifunctional iron chelators: from redox-sensitive process to novel therapeutic opportunities. Antioxid Redox Signal 2010; 13:919-49. [PMID: 20095867 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.2929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that many cytotoxic signals occurring in the neurodegenerative brain can initiate neuronal death processes, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and accumulation of iron at the sites of the neuronal deterioration. Neuroprotection by iron chelators has been widely recognized with respect to their ability to prevent hydroxyl radical formation in the Fenton reaction by sequestering redox-active iron. An additional neuroprotective mechanism of iron chelators is associated with their ability to upregulate or stabilize the transcriptional activator, hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha). HIF-1alpha stability within the cells is under the control of a class of iron-dependent and oxygen-sensor enzymes, HIF prolyl-4-hydroxylases (PHDs) that target HIF-1alpha for degradation. Thus, an emerging novel target for neuroprotection is associated with the HIF system to promote stabilization of HIF-1alpha and increase transcription of HIF-1-related survival genes, which have been reported to be regulated in patient's brains afflicted with diverse neurodegenerative diseases. In accordance, a new potential therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases is explored, by which iron chelators would inhibit PHDs, target the HIF-1-signaling pathway and ultimately activate HIF-1-dependent neuroprotective genes. This review discusses two interrelated approaches concerning therapy targets in neurodegeneration, sharing in common the implementation of iron chelation activity: antioxidation and HIF-1-pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orly Weinreb
- Eve Topf Centers of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research and Department of Pharmacology, Rappaport Family Research Institute, Technion-Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel.
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Hebert LE, Bienias JL, McCann JJ, Scherr PA, Wilson RS, Evans DA. Upper and lower extremity motor performance and functional impairment in Alzheimer's disease. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2010; 25:425-31. [PMID: 20484749 DOI: 10.1177/1533317510367636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This report examines the relation of upper and lower extremity motor performance to functional impairment among 371 persons with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cognitive and motor performance tests were administered at 6-month intervals for up to 4 years. Motor performance was assessed using 3 lower extremity tests and 2 upper extremity tests. Functional impairment was measured at 3-month intervals using caregiver ratings of impairments in activities of daily living, mobility, and range of motion. Both lower and upper extremity performance were inversely related to functional impairments on all 3 scales (all Ps < .001), after controlling for age, sex, and level of cognitive impairment. This suggests that motor performance contributes to functional impairments in AD, independent of cognitive impairment. It is important to preserve motor performance in individuals with AD because it influences physical function throughout the course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesi E Hebert
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Cedervall Y, Åberg AC. Physical activity and implications on well-being in mild Alzheimer's disease: A qualitative case study on two men with dementia and their spouses. Physiother Theory Pract 2010; 26:226-39. [DOI: 10.3109/09593980903423012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia and Parkinsonism are two major neurodegenerative disorders. Accurate diagnosis can be difficult when patients have both syndromes because of a wide range of etiologies. OBJECTIVES To improve clinical diagnosis, we propose a disease classification based on the pathological proteins which are involved in the neuropathological disease process. DESIGN Four neuropathological classes are proposed based on four major proteins, tau, A beta, alpha -synuclein and TDP43 : 1/ Tauopathy and amyloidopathy with possible Parkinsonism, 2/ Tauopathy with predominant Parkinsonism, 3/ Synucleinopathies with cognitive impairment/dementia and 4/ The TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43). This classification raises certain questions in clinical practice due to intriguing overlaps between clinical presentations despite the same pathological protein being involved. CONCLUSION The development of molecular and pathological protein research in neurodegenerative disorders can help classify the clinical association of dementia and Parkinsonism and improve therapeutic strategies against proteins involved in the degenerative process.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gabelle
- Service de Neurologie, CHRU Montpellier, Hopital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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Reliability and validity of measurements of knee extension strength obtained from nursing home residents with dementia. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2009; 88:924-33. [PMID: 19661779 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0b013e3181ae1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the reliability of strength measurement by hand-held dynamometer and to identify the prediction of gait and stand-up ability by the strength measurement in people with dementia. DESIGN Correlational study in which 60 persons with Alzheimer disease were enrolled. The strength of knee extensor was measured twice separated by a 3-min interval using a hand-held dynamometer. The presence or absence of impaired gait and sit-to-stand was also determined. RESULTS Intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.97. Bland-Altman plots showed the distribution of test-retest differences in the subjects with Mini-Mental State Examination score of 10 points or fewer, increased with isometric knee extensor strength. Logistic regression analysis showed strength of the knee extensor muscles to be a significant predictor of gait performance (odds ratio, 443.0; 95% confidence interval, 9.20-21325.7) and sit-to-stand performance (odds ratio, 47.32; 95% confidence interval, 3.31-675.8). CONCLUSIONS The strength measurement with a hand-held dynamometer was reliable in people with dementia. Furthermore, normalized knee extensor strength was indicated to be a significant predictor of gait and sit-to-stand performance. However, caution is needed when interpreting the result of strength measurement when it is carried out on subjects with a Mini-Mental State Examination score of 10 points or fewer and with a high strength level.
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Deuschl G, Elble R. Essential tremor - Neurodegenerative or nondegenerative disease towards a working definition of ET. Mov Disord 2009; 24:2033-41. [PMID: 19750493 DOI: 10.1002/mds.22755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Günther Deuschl
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany.
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Weinreb O, Mandel S, Bar-Am O, Yogev-Falach M, Avramovich-Tirosh Y, Amit T, Youdim MBH. Multifunctional neuroprotective derivatives of rasagiline as anti-Alzheimer's disease drugs. Neurotherapeutics 2009; 6:163-74. [PMID: 19110207 PMCID: PMC5084264 DOI: 10.1016/j.nurt.2008.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent therapeutic approach in which drug candidates are designed to possess diverse pharmacological properties and act on multiple targets has stimulated the development of the multimodal drugs, ladostigil (TV3326) [(N-propargyl-(3R) aminoindan-5yl)-ethyl methyl carbamate] and the newly designed multifunctional antioxidant iron chelator, M-30 (5-[N-methyl-N-propargylaminomethyl]-8-hydroxyquinoline). Ladostigil combines, in a single molecule, the neuroprotective/neurorestorative effects of the novel anti-Parkinsonian drug and selective monoamine oxidase (MAO)-B inhibitor, rasagiline (Azilect, Teva Pharmaceutical Co.) with the cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitory activity of rivastigmine. A second derivative of rasagiline, M-30 was developed by amalgamating the propargyl moiety of rasagiline into the skeleton of our novel brain permeable neuroprotective iron chelator, VK-28. Preclinical experiments showed that both compounds have anti-Alzheimer's disease activities and thus, the clinical development is oriented toward treatment of this type of dementia. This review discusses the multimodal effects of two rasagiline-containing hybrid molecules, namely ladostigil and M-30, concerning their neuroprotective molecular mechanisms in vivo and in vitro, including regulation of amyloid precursor protein processing, activation of protein kinase C, and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways, inhibition of cell death markers and upregulation of neurotrophic factors. Altogether, these scientific findings make these multifunctional compounds potentially valuable drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orly Weinreb
- Eve Topf and USA National Parkinson Foundation Centers of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research and Department of Pharmacology, Rappaport Family Research Institute, Technion-Faculty of Medicine, 31096 Haifa, Israel
- grid.6451.60000000121102151Department of Pharmacology, Technion-Faculty of Medicine, P.O.B. 9697, 31096 Haifa, Israel
| | - Silvia Mandel
- Eve Topf and USA National Parkinson Foundation Centers of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research and Department of Pharmacology, Rappaport Family Research Institute, Technion-Faculty of Medicine, 31096 Haifa, Israel
- grid.6451.60000000121102151Department of Pharmacology, Technion-Faculty of Medicine, P.O.B. 9697, 31096 Haifa, Israel
| | - Orit Bar-Am
- Eve Topf and USA National Parkinson Foundation Centers of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research and Department of Pharmacology, Rappaport Family Research Institute, Technion-Faculty of Medicine, 31096 Haifa, Israel
- grid.6451.60000000121102151Department of Pharmacology, Technion-Faculty of Medicine, P.O.B. 9697, 31096 Haifa, Israel
| | - Merav Yogev-Falach
- Eve Topf and USA National Parkinson Foundation Centers of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research and Department of Pharmacology, Rappaport Family Research Institute, Technion-Faculty of Medicine, 31096 Haifa, Israel
- grid.6451.60000000121102151Department of Pharmacology, Technion-Faculty of Medicine, P.O.B. 9697, 31096 Haifa, Israel
| | - Yael Avramovich-Tirosh
- Eve Topf and USA National Parkinson Foundation Centers of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research and Department of Pharmacology, Rappaport Family Research Institute, Technion-Faculty of Medicine, 31096 Haifa, Israel
- grid.6451.60000000121102151Department of Pharmacology, Technion-Faculty of Medicine, P.O.B. 9697, 31096 Haifa, Israel
| | - Tamar Amit
- Eve Topf and USA National Parkinson Foundation Centers of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research and Department of Pharmacology, Rappaport Family Research Institute, Technion-Faculty of Medicine, 31096 Haifa, Israel
- grid.6451.60000000121102151Department of Pharmacology, Technion-Faculty of Medicine, P.O.B. 9697, 31096 Haifa, Israel
| | - Moussa B. H. Youdim
- Eve Topf and USA National Parkinson Foundation Centers of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research and Department of Pharmacology, Rappaport Family Research Institute, Technion-Faculty of Medicine, 31096 Haifa, Israel
- grid.6451.60000000121102151Department of Pharmacology, Technion-Faculty of Medicine, P.O.B. 9697, 31096 Haifa, Israel
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Bermejo-Pareja F, Louis ED, Benito-León J. Risk of incident dementia in essential tremor: a population-based study. Mov Disord 2007; 22:1573-80. [PMID: 17516478 DOI: 10.1002/mds.21553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential tremor (ET) is a late-life neurological disease. Mild cognitive deficits as well as an association with prevalent dementia have been reported in recent case-control studies. We determined whether ET was associated with an increased risk of incident dementia. In a population-based study of older people in central Spain (NEDICES), nondemented ET cases and controls were followed prospectively. Incident dementia at follow-up was diagnosed using DSM-IV criteria and the risk of incident dementia was estimated in ET cases versus controls using Cox proportional hazards models. 3,891 participants had a mean duration of follow-up of 3.2 years. Sixteen (7.8%) of 206 ET cases developed incident dementia versus 145 (3.9%) of 3,685 controls (unadjusted relative risk [RR]=2.08, 95% CI=1.24-3.50, P=0.006 and adjusted RR=1.66, 95% CI=0.99-2.80, P=0.054). In an adjusted model, ET cases with tremor onset after age 65 years were twice as likely to develop incident dementia than were controls (RR=1.98, 95% CI=1.14-3.45, P=0.01), whereas ET cases with tremor onset<age 65 years and controls were equally to develop incident dementia (RR=0.74, 95% CI=0.19-3.20, P=0.79). Although ET is often considered a benign condition, in this prospective, population-based study, elderly-onset ET was associated with an increased risk of incident dementia. The basis for this dementia, which is not known, requires additional study.
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Elble RJ, Dubinsky RM, Ala T. Alzheimer's disease and essential tremor finally meet. Mov Disord 2007; 22:1525-7. [PMID: 17557351 DOI: 10.1002/mds.21595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Weinstock M, Gorodetsky E, Poltyrev T, Gross A, Sagi Y, Youdim M. A novel cholinesterase and brain-selective monoamine oxidase inhibitor for the treatment of dementia comorbid with depression and Parkinson's disease. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2003; 27:555-61. [PMID: 12787840 DOI: 10.1016/s0278-5846(03)00053-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Degeneration of cholinergic cortical neurons is one of the main reasons for the cognitive deficit in dementia of the Alzheimer type (AD) and in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Many subjects with AD and DLB have extrapyramidal dysfunction and depression resulting from degeneration of dopaminergic, noradrenergic and serotoninergic neurons. We prepared a novel drug, TV-3326 (N-propargyl-3R-aminoindan-5yl)-ethyl methylcarbamate), with both cholinesterase (ChE) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitory activity, as potential treatment of AD and DLB. TV-3326 inhibits brain acetyl and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) in rats after oral doses of 10-100 mg/kg. After chronic but not acute treatment, it inhibits MAO-A and -B in the brain by more than 70% but has almost no effect on these enzymes in the small intestine in rats and rabbits. The brain selectivity results in minimal potentiation of the pressor response to oral tyramine. TV-3326 acts like other antidepressants in the forced swim test in rats, indicating a potential for antidepressant activity. Chronic treatment of mice with TV-3326 (26 mg/kg) prevents the destruction of nigrostriatal neurons by the neurotoxin MPTP (N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine). In addition to ChE and MAO inhibition, the propargylamine moiety of TV-3326 confers neuroprotective activity against cytotoxicity induced by ischemia and peroxynitrite in cultured neuronal cells that results from prevention of the fall in mitochondrial membrane potential and antiapoptotic activity. These unique multiple actions of TV-3326 make it a potentially useful drug for the treatment of dementia with Parkinsonian-like symptoms and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Weinstock
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebrew University Hadassah School of Medicine, Ein Kerem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel.
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