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Spalding DM, Hart R, Henderson R, Nicholls LAB. Age moderates associations between dementia worry and subjective cognition. Cogn Emot 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38973175 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2024.2371095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
The present study assessed whether dementia worry is associated with adults' subjective cognitive difficulties, and whether any associations are moderated by age. Participants were 477 adults aged 18-90 years. They completed standard, subjective measures of dementia worry and everyday cognitive difficulties (i.e. attention, language, verbal and visual-spatial memory, and visual-perceptual ability). Moderated regression analyses included dementia worry as a predictor of specific cognitive difficulties, and age as a moderator. Covariates included gender, trait cognitive and somatic anxiety, general aging-related anxiety, depression, stress, mental health treatment status, and health status. Greater overall dementia worry, and specifically more frequent dementia worry, were both associated with greater attentional difficulty in middle-aged and older adults, but not in young adults. Cognitions about developing dementia in reaction to memory lapses were also associated with greater cognitive difficulties across the adult lifespan for multiple cognitive domains. Results highlight a robust relationship between dementia worry and subjective attentional difficulties, especially in middle-aged and older adults. Worry frequency is also more influential with adult aging. A cognitive or meta-cognitive mechanism may underlie subjective cognitive concerns across the adult lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Spalding
- Department of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rebecca Hart
- Department of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Robyn Henderson
- Department of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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2
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Joyce JL, Chapman S, Waltrip L, Caes D, Gottesman R, Rizer S, Haque H, Golfer L, Mayeux RP, D'Alton ME, Marder K, Rosser M, Cosentino S. Confronting Alzheimer's Disease Risk in Women: A Feasibility Study of Memory Screening as Part of the Annual Gynecological Well-Woman Visit. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2024. [PMID: 38968392 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2023.0843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: Routine health care visits offer the opportunity to screen older adults for symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Many women see their gynecologist as their primary health care provider. Given this unique relationship, the Women's Preventive Services Initiative and the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology advocate for integrated care of women at all ages. It is well-established that women are at increased risk for AD, and memory screening of older women should be paramount in this effort. Research is needed to determine the feasibility and value of memory screening among older women at the well-woman visit. Materials and Methods: Women aged 60 and above completed a 5-item subjective memory screener at their well-woman visit at the Columbia University Integrated Women's Health Program. Women who endorsed any item were considered to have a positive screen and were given the option to pursue clinical evaluation. Rates of positive screens, item endorsement, and referral preferences were examined. Results: Of the 530 women approached, 521 agreed to complete the screener. Of those, 17.5% (n = 91) were classified as positive. The most frequently endorsed item was difficulty with memory or thinking compared with others the same age. Among women with positive screens, 57.5% were interested in pursuing clinical referrals to a memory specialist. Conclusion: Results support the feasibility and potential value of including subjective memory screening as part of a comprehensive well-woman program. Early identification of memory loss will enable investigation into the cause of memory symptoms and longitudinal monitoring of cognitive change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian L Joyce
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Silvia Chapman
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Leah Waltrip
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dorota Caes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Reena Gottesman
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sandra Rizer
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hoosna Haque
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lauren Golfer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Richard P Mayeux
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mary E D'Alton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Karen Marder
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mary Rosser
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stephanie Cosentino
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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Turner JR, Hill NL, Brautigam L, Bhargava S, Mogle J. How Does Exposure to Dementia Relate to Subjective Cognition? A Systematic Review. Innov Aging 2023; 7:igad056. [PMID: 37497342 PMCID: PMC10368315 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igad056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) may be indicative of future objective cognitive decline. However, factors other than objective cognitive performance may influence SCD. This review addresses whether family history or close, nonfamilial exposure to dementia is associated with self-reported SCD. Research Design and Methods Searches were conducted in PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and the Dissertations and Theses database. Eligible articles included measures of self-reported cognition for community-dwelling middle-aged or older adults (40+ years) not diagnosed with dementia, and who had either a family history of dementia, a family member, spouse, or close friend with dementia. The quality of evidence was evaluated using the LEGEND Appraisal Tool. Evidence was synthesized narratively. Results A total of 32 articles were included, with 28 rated as good quality. Across studies, the relationship between dementia exposure and SCD was inconsistent. A significant association between exposure and SCD was found in 6 studies; however, 17 reviewed studies found no evidence of a relationship. The remaining 9 studies found mixed associations. Modifying factors that could potentially influence these associations were exploratorily identified among studies to provide context to our results. These factors included dementia worry, emotional closeness, and measurement sensitivity. Discussion and Implications Findings of this review suggest that both first-degree relatives and spouses of persons with dementia may have an increased likelihood of reporting SCD, although the current heterogeneity in definitions of exposure to dementia and SCD may influence these findings. In addition to the relationship between dementia exposure and SCD, future research should examine potential modifiers, including meaning attributed to exposure, as identifying how these perceptions affect cognition may promote early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Turner
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii, USA
| | - Nikki L Hill
- Ross and Carol Nese College of Nursing, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Leslie Brautigam
- Ross and Carol Nese College of Nursing, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sakshi Bhargava
- Department of Patient-Centered Outcomes Assessment, RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jacqueline Mogle
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Psychology, College of Behavioral, Social, and Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
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Marhánková JH. The role of dementia and Alzheimer's disease in older adults' representations of aging and anxieties regarding one's own future. J Aging Stud 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaging.2023.101127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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Maxfield M, Pituch KA. Profiles in Dementia-Related Anxiety: A Latent Profile Analysis. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2022; 77:2182-2191. [PMID: 35678193 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbac082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dementia-related anxiety (DRA) is the concern about current or future cognitive decline and potential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease or related dementias (ADRD). Existing research suggests that DRA likely develops due to diverse reasons (e.g., family ADRD history, self-perceived risk, and health-related anxiety), and approaches to managing DRA likely differ as well (e.g., future planning). This study aimed to identify profiles in DRA. METHOD In a cross-sectional study, a convenience sample of U.S. adults ranging in age from 18 to 82 (N = 492, Mage = 49.25, standard deviation [SDage] = 15.43) completed online assessments of characteristics associated with DRA. Latent profile analysis was used to uncover distinct DRA profiles and promote understanding of individual characteristics associated with varying levels of DRA; multinomial regression assessed if the profiles are further distinguished by covariates. RESULTS The resulting four-profile model reveals profile differences are largely due to DRA, self-perceived ADRD risk, and preparedness for future care needs; health-related anxiety, age, ADRD exposure, and anticipated ADRD stigma contribute to profile differences as well. Profiles of the youngest and oldest groups reported the lowest and highest levels of preparedness for future care, along with the lowest DRA and self-perceived risk. Several covariates, particularly those assessing general psychological functioning, were also related to profile membership. DISCUSSION The resulting profiles point to several factors associated with elevated anxiety about ADRD, which do not fully match the risk factors for ADRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Maxfield
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.,Center for Innovation in Healthy and Resilient Aging, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Keenan A Pituch
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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Cheston R, Dodd E, Christopher G, White P, Wildschut T, Sedikides C. The Development and Validation of the Threat of Dementia Scale. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2022; 94:496-514. [PMID: 32976020 PMCID: PMC8958640 DOI: 10.1177/0091415020957388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Dementia represents a substantial threat to the self. However, to date, there is no reliable way to measure how threatened people feel by dementia. This article reports on two online studies. In Study 1, 248 participants rated statements about dementia according to their threat to well-being. In Study 2, 99 participants (all students at the University of the West of England) completed the emerging scale (the Threat of Dementia Scale or ToDS). We validated this by examining its associations with conceptually related measures, including the revised Fraboni Scale of Ageism and the Fear of Alzheimer's Disease Scale. Study 1 yielded 13 statements that were highly intercorrelated and comprised a single factor. In Study 2, the ToDS demonstrated good construct validity and acceptable test-retest reliability. Higher levels of distancing predicted lower scores on the ToDS. The ToDS is a reliable and valid instrument that is the first statistically validated method of examining the extent to which dementia threatens well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Cheston
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Emily Dodd
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Gary Christopher
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Paul White
- Applied Statistics Group, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Tim Wildschut
- Psychology Department, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Bell TR, Hill NL, Bhargava S, Mogle J. Parental dementia and subjective memory impairment in the health and retirement study. Aging Ment Health 2022; 26:992-1000. [PMID: 33855905 PMCID: PMC8517028 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2021.1910790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine relationships between subjective memory impairment (SMI) and parental dementia among in older adults while considering the interactive influence of depressive symptoms, ethnicity, and race. METHOD The sample was drawn from the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative longitudinal study of aging (n = 3,809; Mage = 66.09; SD = 1.88; 84.20% White; 12.23% Black; 7.88% Hispanic). Biennial assessments included two measures of SMI (current memory problems and perceived memory decline), depressive symptoms, and parental dementia, over periods of up to sixteen years. Multilevel modeling analyses examined longitudinal relationships between parental dementia and SMI and whether depressive symptoms, ethnicity, and race interactively influenced this association. RESULTS Results showed that when older adults reported parental dementia, they were more likely to report a decline in memory in the past two years. They also reported poorer current memory problems, especially when they experienced increased depressive symptoms. Associations of parental dementia were consistent across ethnicity and race. CONCLUSIONS Results demonstrate the importance of considering parental dementia as a factor that may contribute to SMI in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler R. Bell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92122
| | - Nikki L. Hill
- College of Nursing, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Sakshi Bhargava
- College of Nursing, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Jacqueline Mogle
- College of Nursing, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
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8
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Dementia knowledge and associated factors among older Chinese adults: a cross-national comparison between Melbourne and Beijing. Int Psychogeriatr 2021; 33:1057-1067. [PMID: 33757605 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610221000053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study compared dementia knowledge between older Chinese adults in Melbourne, Australia, and Beijing, China, and explored factors associated with dementia knowledge between these two groups. Ultimately, this study aimed to inform the development of tailored dementia education programs for older Chinese adults. DESIGN A cross-sectional design was employed in this study. SETTING Participants were recruited from 5 Chinese community senior groups in Melbourne and 10 community health centers in Beijing from March to May 2019. PARTICIPANTS A total of 379 older Chinese adults aged 50 and over completed the questionnaire, including 153 from Melbourne and 226 from Beijing. MEASUREMENTS Dementia knowledge was assessed using the Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge Scale (ADKS). Demographic characteristics, dementia-related experience, and the mental health status of participants were collected. Stepwise linear regression was used to analyze the factors associated with dementia knowledge. RESULTS In general, older Chinese adults in Melbourne and Beijing reported similar levels of dementia knowledge for both the overall ADKS scale (mean ± SD: 17.2 ± 2.9 in Melbourne vs. 17.5 ± 2.9 in Beijing, p > 0.05) and the seven subdomains. Of the subdomains, the highest correct response rates were observed in the life impact of the dementia subdomain, and the lowest rates were observed in the caregiving subdomain. Stepwise linear regression analysis revealed that younger age and self-reported dementia worry were significantly associated with higher levels of dementia knowledge in the Melbourne group, whereas a positive family history of dementia was significantly associated with higher levels of dementia knowledge in the Beijing group. CONCLUSIONS Older Chinese adults living in Melbourne and Beijing share similar levels of dementia knowledge, but factors associated with their knowledge are different. These findings will inform the development of culturally and socially appropriate dementia education programs for older Chinese populations in different countries.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing concern around perceived neurocognitive decline is increasing the number of referrals to specialists and anxiety for patients. We aimed to explore the likelihood of the "worried well" experiencing neurocognitive decline and developing a neurological diagnosis. METHODS A total of 166 "worried well" patients who attended the Rural and Remote Memory Clinic (RRMC) between 2004 and 2019 were included in this study. Demographic, health, social, and behavioral factors were measured at the initial visit. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD), and Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ) scores were measured and compared at initial assessment and at 1-year follow-up. MMSE scores over time were assessed with a mean follow-up of 2.95 years (SD 2.87). RESULTS No statistically significant difference was seen in MMSE, CESD, or FAQ scores when comparing clinic day to 1-year follow-up, and no consistent pattern of MMSE score over time was seen. Of the 166 patients with subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) on initial assessment, 5 were diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD) at 8.5, 3.5, 5, 3, and 1.75 years; 2 were diagnosed with MCI at 1 and 2 years; 1 was diagnosed with vascular cognitive impairment at 5 years; and 1 was diagnosed with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) at 0.5 years. CONCLUSION The likelihood of a patient with SCI developing a neurological diagnosis is reassuringly low (9/166), but not irrelevant. This, along with the benefits of early diagnosis and treatment for dementia, leads us to believe that patients with SCI should still be seen in follow-up at least at the 1-year mark.
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Maxfield M, Greenberg J. Anticipated Stigma and Dementia-Related Anxiety in Middle-Aged and Older Adults. GEROPSYCH 2021; 34:13-22. [PMID: 34276334 PMCID: PMC8281981 DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/a000234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Heightened awareness and perceived negativity of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) may increase health-related concerns about developing ADRD, also called dementia-related anxiety. Anticipating greater levels of ADRD stigma was expected to be associated with greater dementia-related anxiety. Middle-aged and older adults (N = 183, aged 40-80, M = 59.57) responded to online questionnaires about anticipated ADRD stigma, ADRD exposure, dementia-related anxiety, and potential psychosocial correlates of dementia-related anxiety. Multivariate regression analyses revealed that self-perceived ADRD risk, ADRD exposure, and anticipated stigma remained significantly associated with dementia-related anxiety, after controlling for demographic variables. Reducing ADRD stigma may ease dementia-related anxiety, an area for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Maxfield
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
| | - Jeff Greenberg
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Roberts JR, Maxfield M. A 2-Study Psychometric Evaluation of the Modified Dementia Worry Scale. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2021; 36:1533317521995322. [PMID: 33635118 PMCID: PMC7992130 DOI: 10.1177/1533317521995322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A modified version of the Dementia Worry Scale (DWS) used the terminology “Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias” (versus the DWS’ use of “dementia”). Two studies investigated psychometric properties of the modified DWS (MDWS). Study 1 compared the psychometric properties of the DWS and MDWS; both versions had single factor structures and exhibited excellent internal consistency (αs ≥ .95). The MDWS exhibited greater test-retest reliability after a 4-week interval (DWS r = .68; MDWS r = .90). In Study 2, the MDWS again displayed a single factor structure, excellent internal consistency (α = .95), and good test-retest reliability after an 8-week interval (r = .78). Additionally, results support convergent validity between the MDWS and fear of dementia, subjective memory, general anxiety, health anxiety, and neuroticism. The MDWS is psychometrically consistent with the DWS, maintains strong test-retest reliability, and is appropriate for use in cross-sectional and longitudinal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Roberts
- Department of Psychology, 14676University of Colorado Colorado Springs, CO, USA
| | - Molly Maxfield
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, 7864Arizona State University, AZ, USA
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12
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Yun SW, Greenberg J, Maxfield M. Preparation for Future Care Needs in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: What Promotes Feeling of Preparedness? Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2020; 38:972-978. [PMID: 33353403 DOI: 10.1177/1049909120981577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether demographic, dementia-related, and control-related variables predict preparation for future care needs (PFCN) in a sample of middle-aged and older adults. PFCN is defined in this study as a self-perceived sense of preparedness for one's own future care needs, including general awareness of future care needs, gathering relevant information, decision-making about care preferences, concrete planning, and non-avoidance of care planning. METHODS Participants (N = 122; age 40 to 88 years: M = 65.83, SD = 9.80) completed self-report measures in an in-person study. Hierarchical multiple regression was calculated to predict PFCN. RESULTS Being female, having more positive dementia attitudes, higher attribution to powerful others for health condition(s), and more completed end-of-life (EOL) planning significantly predicted greater PFCN. CONCLUSION Findings indicate a positive relationship between objective (completed EOL planning items) and subjective (PFCN) components of planning, thus highlighting the importance of taking concrete steps in EOL planning to yield greater feelings of preparedness, which has been associated with positive psychological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy W Yun
- Department of Psychology, 14676University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
| | - Jeff Greenberg
- Department of Psychology, 8041University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Molly Maxfield
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, 7864Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Lee GJ, Do C, Suhr JA. Effects of personal dementia exposure on subjective memory concerns and dementia worry. AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2020; 28:855-870. [DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2020.1836119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grace J. Lee
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University Athens, OH, USA
| | - Cardinal Do
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University Athens, OH, USA
| | - Julie A. Suhr
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University Athens, OH, USA
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Werner P, AboJabel H, Maxfield M. Conceptualization, measurement and correlates of dementia worry: A scoping review. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 92:104246. [PMID: 32980573 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The combination of a growing population of older adults and increasing prevalence and awareness of dementia diagnoses suggests that dementia worry may also intensify. As a relatively new area of investigation, the dementia worry literature is growing, but variability in definitions and measurement continue. A scoping review was conducted to gather and examine existing research, as well as assist in guiding future studies in this area. The review focused on characterizing the conceptualization, measurement, and correlates of dementia worry. METHODS Using PubMed, CINAHL, AgeLine, and PsycINFO, a search of literature concerning dementia worry was completed. RESULTS A total of 45 articles examining dementia worry fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Most studies were cross-sectional (n = 39), quantitative (n = 38), and conducted in the United States (n = 22). Inconsistencies in the conceptualization, measurement, and correlates examined make it difficult to determine the meaning and true levels of dementia worry. CONCLUSIONS Recent attention to dementia worry has increased awareness of the basic concept and its correlates. However, the lack of unity in the definition and measurement of dementia worry impedes advancement in this research area, as well as in establishing its clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla Werner
- Department of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Israel.
| | - Hanan AboJabel
- Department of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Israel.
| | - Molly Maxfield
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, USA.
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15
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Barriers to help-seeking for memory problems in older adults. Eur Geriatr Med 2020; 11:1027-1033. [PMID: 32720158 PMCID: PMC7716933 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-020-00371-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to investigate potential barriers to help-seeking for memory problems as well as outreach to providers. Findings Participants who endorsed having hearing problems were the most likely to endorse barriers to help-seeking as well as speaking to a physician. Message Physicians and healthcare agencies can work to design outreach for persons who experience barriers, particularly hearing loss. Purpose Early detection of age- and disease-related cognitive problems affords patients the opportunities to receive medical treatment, engage in research, and plan for the future. Understanding help-seeking behavior has potential to aid both patients and clinicians. This study was designed to identify predictors of endorsed barriers to memory-related help-seeking as well as medical help-seeking endorsement. Methods This cross-sectional correlational study used a convenience sample of 97 older adults. The participants answered anonymous questionnaires about subjective memory, mood, and health and several items designed to investigate help-seeking for memory issues. Results Persons who endorsed multiple barriers to help-seeking were more likely to also endorse having hearing problems. In addition, participants who reported that they would not talk to a doctor or physician about memory concerns also had significantly worse subjective hearing. Conclusion Hearing loss may be a particular risk for not seeking help for memory problems. Physicians and healthcare agencies can work to design outreach for persons who experience barriers, such as hearing loss and the concomitant outcomes.
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16
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Yun SW, Maxfield M. Correlates of Dementia-related Anxiety: Self-Perceived Dementia Risk and Ageism. EDUCATIONAL GERONTOLOGY 2020; 46:563-574. [PMID: 32831456 PMCID: PMC7434070 DOI: 10.1080/03601277.2020.1790103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
As public awareness of and exposure to Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) have increased worldwide, the fear of developing ADRD, or dementia-related anxiety (DRA), is expected to increase as well. It was hypothesized that at least part of what makes dementia so anxiety provoking, is the association of ADRD with older adults, an often stigmatized group. To test this hypothesis, two online studies examined how ageist beliefs contribute to DRA; the roles of ADRD-related factors, such as self-perceived risk and personal exposure, were also examined. Study 1 included university students (n = 295, age range: 18 to 58 years, M age = 21.16, SD age = 4.85) to determine what factors may contribute to young adults' DRA. Study 2 included adults of all ages (n = 352, age range: 18 to 81 years, M age = 37.85, SD age = 12.88) to determine whether Study 1 results were replicable among adults of all ages. Hierarchical multiple regressions were used. Results from both studies demonstrated that being female and having higher self-perceived ADRD risk and benevolent ageism uniquely explicated higher levels of DRA. Within Study 2, significant effects of both benevolent and hostile ageism were observed, suggesting that diverse negative attitudes toward older adults are associated with DRA. It is possible that strong ageist attitudes stigmatize older adults as those who are forgetful and this may contribute to DRA, as age is a major risk factor for developing dementia. Study limitations and directions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy W Yun
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs
| | - Molly Maxfield
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs
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17
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Bregman N, Kavé G, Zeltzer E, Biran I. Memory impairment and Alzheimer's disease pathology in individuals with MCI who underestimate or overestimate their decline. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2020; 35:581-588. [PMID: 32011757 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine whether the discrepancy between participant and informant estimation of memory decline can predict MCI prognosis. METHODS Analyses involved data from individuals with MCI enrolled in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) who filled the Everyday Cognition questionnaire. Participants who underestimated (N = 112) and overestimated (N = 157) their memory decline were compared on memory tasks, brain volume, and cerebrospinal markers, at study entry and after 24 months. RESULTS Individuals who underestimated their memory decline performed more poorly on memory tests, had smaller hippocampus volume, and greater Alzheimer's disease pathology than did individuals who overestimated their cognitive decline. Longitudinal comparisons demonstrated that individuals who underestimated their decline deteriorated more significantly in memory and in brain measures. CONCLUSIONS Underestimation of memory decline should raise clinicians' suspicion of the existence of AD pathology in individuals with MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Bregman
- Cognitive Neurology Unit, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gitit Kavé
- Cognitive Neurology Unit, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Education and Psychology, The Open University, Ra'anana, Israel
| | - Ehud Zeltzer
- Cognitive Neurology Unit, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Iftah Biran
- Cognitive Neurology Unit, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
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McWhirter L, Ritchie C, Stone J, Carson A. Functional cognitive disorders: a systematic review. Lancet Psychiatry 2020; 7:191-207. [PMID: 31732482 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(19)30405-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive symptoms are common, and yet many who seek help for cognitive symptoms neither have, nor go on to develop, dementia. A proportion of these people are likely to have functional cognitive disorders, a subtype of functional neurological disorders, in which cognitive symptoms are present, associated with distress or disability, but caused by functional alterations rather than degenerative brain disease or another structural lesion. In this Review, we have systematically examined the prevalence and clinical associations of functional cognitive disorders, and related phenotypes, within the wider cognitive disorder literature. Around a quarter of patients presenting to memory clinics received diagnoses that might indicate the presence of functional cognitive disorders, which were associated with affective symptoms, negative self-evaluation, negative illness perceptions, non-progressive symptom trajectories, and linguistic and behavioural differences during clinical interactions. Those with functional cognitive disorder phenotypes are at risk of iatrogenic harm because of misdiagnosis or inaccurate prediction of future decline. Further research is imperative to improve diagnosis and identify effective treatments for functional cognitive disorders, and better understanding these phenotypes will also improve the specificity of diagnoses of prodromal degenerative brain disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura McWhirter
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Craig Ritchie
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jon Stone
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alan Carson
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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19
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Norman AL, Woodard JL, Calamari JE, Gross EZ, Pontarelli N, Socha J, DeJong B, Armstrong K. The fear of Alzheimer's disease: mediating effects of anxiety on subjective memory complaints. Aging Ment Health 2020; 24:308-314. [PMID: 30411628 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2018.1534081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To determine if the fear of developing Alzheimer's disease (FDAD) construct, in combination with similar psychoemotional factors, could help elucidate the nature of older adults' subjective memory complaints (SMCs) and subsequent objective memory performance.Methods: One hundred ninety-three healthy older adults (aged 65-93) were administered clinician and self-report measures of depression, worry, anxiety, illness attitudes, and memory, and each rated their concern with developing AD.Results: Self-reported FDAD was not associated with objective memory performance (p > .05). FDAD, trait anxiety, general anxiety, and general and illness-related worry were independently associated with subjective memory report (ps < .05). The relationship between FDAD and subjective memory report was mediated by measures of general trait and state anxiety, but not general worry or illness-specific worry.Conclusions: FDAD was not associated with objective memory functioning, suggesting AD concerns were not reflective of memory pathology. The mediating effect of anxiety on the relationship between FDAD and subjective memory report suggests that assessment of anxiety, beyond AD fear, may help identify older adults at risk for developing negative perceptions of memory and related distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andria L Norman
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - John L Woodard
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - John E Calamari
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Evan Z Gross
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Noelle Pontarelli
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jami Socha
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brandon DeJong
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kerri Armstrong
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago, IL, USA
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20
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Abstract
Questionnaires like the Metamemory in Adulthood Questionnaire (MIA; Dixon, Hultsch, & Hertzog, 1988) have been used to examine longitudinal changes and cross-sectional age differences in multiple metamemory facets (e.g., memory self-efficacy). This study used 3 independent cross-sectional samples (N = 1,555; ages 55-85) from the Victoria Longitudinal Study collected in 1986, 1992, and 2000 to evaluate period and cohort effects on 8 MIA scales. Alternative general linear models analyzed age, cohort, and period effects, while subsequently assessing gender differences in metamemory beliefs. Period effects were detected on the MIA Internal Strategy and External Strategy scales; self-reported use of internal strategies decreased while use of external memory aids increased over the historical period. Reliable cohort (generational) differences were found for MIA Change, with the lowest levels of perceived change in individuals born between 1916 and 1925. MIA Task, measuring knowledge about memory, produced small age and cohort effects. Gender differences emerged in metamemory, especially for the Internal Strategy and External Strategy scales (women reporting higher strategy use). Gender differences were also seen for the Capacity, Locus, Anxiety, and Achievement scales, with women reporting higher perceived memory efficacy, control, memory anxiety, and greater motivation to have better memory, respectively. The historical trends in metamemory beliefs should be replicated with other measures and other populations; however, the results generally confirm conclusions from earlier cross-sectional studies regarding age sensitivity of metamemory beliefs from middle age to old age. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brent J Small
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida
| | - G Peggy McFall
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta
| | - Roger A Dixon
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta
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21
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Ryu SI, Park YH. Factors Related to Dementia Worry: Comparing Middle-Aged and Older Adults in South Korea. Res Gerontol Nurs 2019; 12:299-310. [DOI: 10.3928/19404921-20190823-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ebert AR, Kulibert D, McFadden SH. Effects of dementia knowledge and dementia fear on comfort with people having dementia: Implications for dementia-friendly communities. DEMENTIA 2019; 19:2542-2554. [PMID: 30739490 DOI: 10.1177/1471301219827708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Advocates for dementia-friendly communities emphasize the need for the public to know about the dementias and to experience social comfort with people having dementia. This research tested a conceptual model of influences on social comfort, including two types of dementia knowledge and personal dementia fear. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data were collected from 645 Wisconsin residents through an online platform (Qualtrics®) and community outreach efforts. A hierarchical multiple regression was conducted and its results were mapped onto a figure representing the conceptual model of social comfort. RESULTS Greater personhood-based knowledge (based on observations of the capabilities and perspectives of persons with dementia) and less personal dementia fear significantly predicted higher levels of social comfort, while biomedical knowledge did not. Although more personhood-based knowledge improved overall comfort regardless of the level of biomedical knowledge, people with higher levels of biomedical knowledge benefitted the most from having personhood-based knowledge. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS These findings suggest that activities that promote personhood-based knowledge may enhance social comfort. These activities may be most effective for individuals who already have a high level of biomedical knowledge about people with dementia. Community members and professionals ought to strike a balance between biomedical knowledge and personhood-based knowledge, as the two together may be associated with higher levels of social comfort. This could benefit the promotion of dementia-friendly community initiatives.
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Roberts JR, Maxfield M. Examining the Relationship Between Religious and Spiritual Motivation and Worry About Alzheimer's Disease in Later Life. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2018; 57:2500-2514. [PMID: 29730806 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-018-0635-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
As awareness of Alzheimer's disease and related disorders and diagnosis rates rise, concern about developing such conditions may also increase, referred to here as dementia worry (DW). Few studies have examined DW and potential protective factors. Religiosity provides diverse psychological benefits and may be associated with lower DW; however, intrinsic/extrinsic motivations were expected to differentially relate to DW. Among 83 older adults (M = 69.48 years), both greater intrinsic and extrinsic-social religious motivation were associated with lower DW. Results suggest internalizing one's religious beliefs and building a social network within a religious community may provide a psychological buffer against DW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Roberts
- Psychology Department, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Parkway, Colorado Springs, CO, 80918, USA.
| | - Molly Maxfield
- Psychology Department, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Parkway, Colorado Springs, CO, 80918, USA
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Milne R, Diaz A, Badger S, Bunnik E, Fauria K, Wells K. At, with and beyond risk: expectations of living with the possibility of future dementia. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2018; 40:969-987. [PMID: 29659032 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.12731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Biomedical research aimed at the development of therapies for chronic and late-onset conditions increasingly concentrates on the early treatment of symptom-less disease. This broad trend is evidenced in prominent shifts in contemporary dementia research. Revised diagnostic criteria and new approaches to clinical trials propose a focus on earlier stages of disease and prompt concerns about the implications of communicating test results associated with the risk of developing dementia when no effective treatments are available. This article examines expectations of the implications of learning test results related to dementia risk, based on focus group research conducted in the UK and Spain. It points to the extended social and temporal aspects of the dementia risk experience. Three key dimensions of this risk experience are elaborated: living 'at risk', represented in efforts to reduce risk and plan for the future; 'with risk', through vigilance towards cognitive health and earlier or prolonged contact with healthcare services; and finally, 'beyond risk' through a cessation of the self in its current social, legal and financial form. A virtual abstract of this paper can be viewed at: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_979cmCmR9rLrKuD7z0ycA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Milne
- Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, UK
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25
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Page KS, Hayslip B, Wadsworth D, Allen PA. Development of a Multidimensional Measure to Examine Fear of Dementia. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2018; 89:187-205. [DOI: 10.1177/0091415018784737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Persons with and without a family history of dementia report concerns for developing this syndrome; yet, less is known about the specific aspects of dementia that are feared. The Fear of Dementia (FOD) scale was created to assess these concerns. This study examined the psychometric properties of the FOD scale using a sample of middle-aged and older adults ( N = 734). We then explored the factor structure of the scale 2 years later using a smaller sample from the first study ( N = 226). Three factors emerged, highlighting several main areas of concern: Burden and Loss, Quality of Life, and Perceived Social and Cognitive Loss. Preliminary data suggest that the FOD scale is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing the multidimensional nature of the concern about developing dementia. Attention to what specifically is feared may help further our understanding of health behaviors, coping, and targeted supports.
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Jang Y, Yoon H, Park NS, Rhee MK, Chiriboga DA. Asian Americans' concerns and plans about Alzheimer's disease: The role of exposure, literacy and cultural beliefs. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2018; 26:199-206. [PMID: 28980423 PMCID: PMC5799017 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.12509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Responding to the increase of the Asian American population and the growing imperative to address issues on Alzheimer's disease (AD) in diverse populations, this study examined Asian Americans' concerns about AD (both concerns about one's own development of AD and about becoming an AD caregiver) and plans for AD. Focus was given on exploring the role of AD exposure, AD literacy and cultural beliefs about AD in predicting AD-related concerns and plans. Using data from 2,609 participants in the 2015 Asian American Quality of Life survey (aged 18-98), logistic regression models of three outcome measures (concerns about one's own development of AD, concerns about becoming an AD caregiver and plans about AD) were estimated. AD exposure and literacy (perceived knowledge and awareness of services) were common predictors of all three outcomes. Beliefs that associate AD with a normal part of ageing and a matter of fate increased the odds of having AD concerns. The odds of having AD plans were found to be higher among those with such concerns. Findings not only identified the factors associated with the concerns and plans about AD but also informed ways to develop targeted AD interventions for Asian Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Jang
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Hyunwoo Yoon
- School of Social Work, Texas State University, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Nan Sook Park
- School of Social Work, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Min-Kyoung Rhee
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - David A. Chiriboga
- Department of Child and Family Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Bowen CE, Kessler EM, Segler J. Dementia worry in middle-aged and older adults in Germany: sociodemographic, health-related and psychological correlates. Eur J Ageing 2018; 16:39-52. [PMID: 30886559 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-018-0462-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
"Dementia worry" (DW; i.e., concern about developing dementia) is highly prevalent in the general population. However, research on the characteristics associated with lower and higher levels of DW is still limited. Based on previous empirical and conceptual work, we examined the extent to which DW was related to a comprehensive range of objective and subjective characteristics (sociodemographics, contact with people with dementia, physical health-related risk factors, well-being/psychological distress, aging self-perceptions, social-cognitive health beliefs about dementia). A convenience sample of N = 219 German adults 40 + years (M = 65.50 years, SD = 11.34; 40-94 years) reporting no dementia or cognitive impairment diagnosis completed questionnaires. We improved upon previous research by using a ten-item scale to measure DW. We used bivariate correlations and multivariate regression to examine the extent to which DW was related to the potential concomitants. 41.1% of the participants indicated DW. Together, the predictor variables explained 53.3% of the variance in DW. DW was related to psychological distress, perceived memory change, aging anxiety, and personal risk perception in both the bivariate and multivariate analyses. There was a quadratic (reverse U shape) relationship between age and DW. Physical health-related risk factors were not related to DW. Our findings suggest that DW represents a hybrid of psychological distress, aging self-perceptions, and a specific type of health concern. Healthcare practitioners should consider a person's psychological characteristics when deciding how to intervene when someone indicates moderate or high DW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Bowen
- 1MSB Medical School Berlin, Calandrellistrasse 1-9, 12247 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva-Marie Kessler
- 1MSB Medical School Berlin, Calandrellistrasse 1-9, 12247 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Segler
- 2Zentrum für Kinder-und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 153, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Diekfuss JA, De Larwelle J, McFadden SH. Diagnosis makes a difference: Perceptions of older persons with dementia symptoms. Exp Aging Res 2018; 44:148-161. [PMID: 29400641 DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2017.1422475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Background/Study Context: Employing the stereotype content model and terror management theory, we examined whether stereotypes and feelings about persons with dementia vary depending on the type of dementia diagnosis and purported causes of the dementia. METHODS Participants were randomly assigned to read one of four vignettes that depicted a man who consulted his doctor because of memory problems. All vignettes described the same symptoms and diagnostic tests, but each of four groups read a different result: all tests normal (Normal); Alzheimer's disease (AD); Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome (WKS) associated with alcohol abuse; and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) associated with head injuries from playing football in high school and college. Measures included a word fragment completion task, a stereotype content scale, and an emotions scale. RESULTS Results showed no differences in the number of death-related words generated in the word fragment completion task and no differences in assessment of competence across the four groups. Those in the Normal, AD, and CTE groups evaluated the man as warmer than those in the WKS group. Participants in the AD condition showed more empathy than those in the WKS group. There were no differences in pity or fear but the CTE condition produced more envy and admiration and the WKS condition produced more contempt. CONCLUSION These results suggest that different forms of dementia elicit varying emotional and cognitive responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jed A Diekfuss
- a The SPORT Center, Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , OH
| | | | - Susan H McFadden
- c Department of Psychology , The University of Wisconsin Oshkosh , Oshkosh , WI
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Cheston R, Hancock J, White P. Does personal experience of dementia change attitudes? The Bristol and South Gloucestershire survey of dementia attitudes. DEMENTIA 2018; 18:2596-2608. [PMID: 29336167 DOI: 10.1177/1471301217752707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background It is unclear how attitudes towards people with dementia are formed and whether, for instance, increased contact with people with dementia, either through work or personal experience alters attitudes. This study used a validated questionnaire (the Approaches to Dementia Questionnaire) to examine whether having experience of dementia (either as a result of work, or by being affected by dementia) is associated with differences in attitudes towards dementia. Methods A modified version of the Approaches to Dementia Questionnaire was completed by 2201 participants, either online or in written form. Participants also recorded their age, gender and ethnicity as well as whether they worked with people with dementia or had been personally affected by dementia. Results Increased contact with people with dementia was associated with increases in both total Approaches to Dementia Questionnaire scores and across both sub-scales reflecting more positive person-centred attitudes toward dementia. The highest levels of increase were found amongst non-white participants. Conclusions This study is, we believe, the first attempt to look systematically at whether greater contact with people with dementia is associated with changes in attitudes. The results strongly support the contention that increased contact with people with dementia leads to more person-centred attitudes, and by inference, less stigmatising views.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jude Hancock
- Avon and Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust, UK
| | - Paul White
- The University of the West of England, UK
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30
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Fresson M, Dardenne B, Geurten M, Meulemans T. The effect of stereotype threat on older people’s clinical cognitive outcomes: investigating the moderating role of dementia worry. Clin Neuropsychol 2017; 31:1306-1328. [DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2017.1307456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Fresson
- Psychology and Neurosciences of Cognition Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Benoit Dardenne
- Psychology and Neurosciences of Cognition Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marie Geurten
- Psychology and Neurosciences of Cognition Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Thierry Meulemans
- Psychology and Neurosciences of Cognition Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Tang W, Kannaley K, Friedman DB, Edwards VJ, Wilcox S, Levkoff SE, Hunter RH, Irmiter C, Belza B. Concern about developing Alzheimer's disease or dementia and intention to be screened: An analysis of national survey data. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2017; 71:43-49. [PMID: 28279898 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) or dementia is important so that patients can express treatment preferences, subsequently allowing caregivers to make decisions consistent with their wishes. This study explored the relationship between people's concern about developing AD/dementia, likelihood to be screened/tested, if experiencing changes in cognitive status or functioning, and concerns about sharing the diagnostic information with others. METHOD A descriptive study was conducted using Porter Novelli's SummerStyles 2013 online survey data. Of the 6105 panelists aged 18+ who received the survey, 4033 adults responded (response rate: 66%). Chi squares were used with case-level weighting applied. RESULTS Almost 13% of respondents reported being very worried or worried about getting AD/dementia, with women more worried than men (p<.001), and AD/dementia caregivers more worried than other types of caregivers (p=.04). Women were also more likely than men to agree to be screened/tested if experiencing changes in memory and/or thinking (p<.001). The greater the worry, the more likely respondents would agree to be screened/tested (p<.001). Nearly 66% of respondents were concerned that sharing a diagnosis would change the way others think/feel about them, with women reporting greater concern than men (p=.003). CONCLUSION Findings demonstrate that level of worry about AD/dementia is associated with the reported likelihood that individuals agree to be screened/tested. This information will be useful in developing communication strategies to address public concern about AD/dementia that may increase the likelihood of screening and early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sara Wilcox
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Basia Belza
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Lee SE, Casado BL. Knowledge of Alzheimer’s disease among Vietnamese Americans and correlates of their knowledge about Alzheimer’s disease. DEMENTIA 2017; 18:713-724. [DOI: 10.1177/1471301217691616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang E Lee
- School of Social Work, San Jose State University, USA
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Rowell SF, Green JS, Teachman BA, Salthouse TA. Age does not matter: Memory complaints are related to negative affect throughout adulthood. Aging Ment Health 2016; 20:1255-1263. [PMID: 26305735 PMCID: PMC5135579 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2015.1078284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Memory complaints are present in adults of all ages but are only weakly related to objective memory deficits, raising the question of what their presence may indicate. In older adults, memory complaints are moderately related to negative affect, but there is little research examining this relationship in young and middle-aged adults. This study examined whether memory complaints and negative affect were similarly related across the adult lifespan and in adults with varying levels of objective memory performance. METHOD The sample included 3798 healthy adults, aged 18 to 99, and was divided into five groups: young, middle-aged, young-old, old-old, and oldest-old adults. Participants completed questionnaire measures of memory complaints and negative affect (neuroticism and depressive and anxiety symptoms), in addition to lab measures of objective memory. RESULTS Using structural equation models, we found that the relationship between memory complaints and negative affect was moderate in all the age groups, and there was no evidence for moderation by objective memory. CONCLUSION For adults of all ages, perceived memory decline may be distressing and/or negative affect may lead to negative self-evaluations of memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaina F Rowell
- a Department of Psychology , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia
| | - Jennifer S Green
- a Department of Psychology , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia
| | - Bethany A Teachman
- a Department of Psychology , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia
| | - Timothy A Salthouse
- a Department of Psychology , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia
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Robillard JM, Feng TL. Health Advice in a Digital World: Quality and Content of Online Information about the Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 55:219-229. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-160650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Do Worries About Cognitive Functioning and Concerns About Developing Alzheimer’s Disease Affect Psychological Well-Being? J Aging Health 2016; 29:1271-1287. [DOI: 10.1177/0898264316674535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study is to determine if cognitive worries affect psychological well-being, if these effects are long-term, and if such concerns affect well-being more so among persons with a parent having Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Method: We used structural equation models with three waves of data collected from persons ages 40 to 60 at T1. We created summative scores on five indicators of concerns about cognitive functioning and worries about dementia. Well-being measures included depression, life satisfaction, stress, and mastery. Results: We found (a) cognitive worries at Waves 1, 2, and 3 were generally associated with lower levels of psychological well-being at each of these waves; (b) there was no evidence of long-term, lagged effects, and (c) these relationships were statistically similar across groups of adult children and controls. Discussion: Because concerns about cognitive functioning and developing AD are pervasive among middle-aged and older persons, practitioners should be aware of their potentially deleterious effect on psychological well-being.
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Zick CD, Smith KR, Mayer RN. Planning Ahead or Living a Day at a Time? A Family History of AD and Retirement Planning. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2016; 31:516-23. [PMID: 27303066 PMCID: PMC10852955 DOI: 10.1177/1533317516653821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We assess whether a family history of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with the odds that healthy family members' engage in retirement planning activities. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study utilizing individual-level data from the Utah Population Database that have been linked to Medicare records and to responses from a retirement planning survey. Engagement in 3 retirement planning activities was estimated as a function of the number of parents and grandparents diagnosed with AD along with a set of fundamental socioeconomic and demographic covariates. RESULTS Adults who had a parent with AD were 86% more likely to have seen a professional financial advisor and 40% less likely to plan to retire before age 65. CONCLUSIONS Caregiving costs and/or knowledge of the familial risk of developing AD may provide adult children with a forewarning of their own future financial needs that, in turn, motivates them to engage in retirement planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathleen D Zick
- Family and Consumer Studies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA College of Social and Behavioral Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ken R Smith
- Family and Consumer Studies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA Utah Population Database, Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Robert N Mayer
- Family and Consumer Studies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Abstract
The Knowledge of Memory Aging Questionnaire (KMAQ) measures laypersons' knowledge of memory changes in adulthood for research or educational purposes. Half of the questions pertain to normal memory aging and the other half cover pathological memory deficits due to non-normative factors, such as adult dementia. In this study, we compared memory knowledge in middle age adults (40–59 years), young-old adults (60–79 years) and very old adults (80 years and over). These data were collected as a part of the Louisiana Healthy Aging Study, a multidisciplinary population-based study that examines the determinants of healthy aging in adulthood. Results indicated that very old adults performed more poorly overall. Follow-up analyses revealed that they endorsed stereotyped views of normal memory aging more often than did the other age groups. Analyses of response accuracy by gender yielded comparable performance for men and women. Implications for research and the design of educational programs are considered.
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Abstract
This study examined the correlates of symptom-seeking behavior for Alzheimer's disease (AD) among middle-aged persons. Symptom seeking, the tendency to search for signs of disease, is one manifestation of an individual's concern about developing AD. The data were obtained from a survey of two subsamples of 40–60 year old adults: 1) 108 adult children with a living parent with a diagnosis of probable AD; and 2) 150 adults in a matched group with no parental history of AD. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify significant predictors of symptom seeking, which was measured by a composite index comprised of responses from three questions about checking for signs of AD, interpreting signs as symptoms of AD, and soliciting external validation for concerns. Four clusters of predictors were examined: memory assessment, AD experience, sociodemographics, and well-being. Within these clusters, the constellations of significant predictors varied by subsample, but the most robust predictors were aspects of subjective assessments of memory functioning and AD experience. An understanding of the correlates of symptom seeking for AD has implications for early detection of the disease as well as identifying populations under stress from excessive worry about their own future health.
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39
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Hodgson LG, Cutler SJ. Help Seeking for Personal Concerns About Developing Alzheimer’s Disease. J Appl Gerontol 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0733464804270587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the patterns and predictors of help-seeking behavior for personal concerns about developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) among middle-aged persons. Data were obtained from a survey of two subsamples of 40- to 60-year-old adults with concerns about AD: (a) 99 adult children with a living parent with a diagnosis of probable AD and(b)70 adults in a matched group with no parental history of AD. Descriptive analyses of the types and levels of help seeking show that respondents who are concerned about developing AD take their fears mainly to their informal rather than formal networks. Bivariate and multivariate analyses identified significant correlates of help seeking within three clusters: memory assessment, AD experience, and sociodemographics. The most robust predictors were aspects of AD experience. Understanding the patterns and correlates of help seeking for AD concerns can help health care professionals to develop more effective models of early intervention with implications for early detection of the disease.
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40
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Abstract
Dementia worry, an anxiety-related response to the possibility of developing dementia, represents an important yet underexplored health concern for an aging population. Such a construct is likely impacted by stereotypes concerning aging, including biased associations of aging with inevitable cognitive decline. The present article explores the impact of mixed positive and negative aging stereotype messages on levels of dementia worry. The Fear of Alzheimer's Disease Scale (FADS) was used to measure impact of priming with different proportions of positive and negative aging stereotype words. The priming intervention was modeled after Levy (J Pers Soc Psychol 71:1092-1107, 1996, doi:10.1037/0022-3514.71.6.1092). Eighty older adult participants (Mage = 71.65, SD = 6.57) were exposed to mostly positive aging stereotype words, half positive/half negative words, mostly negative words, all negative words, or non-stereotype words. Mean FADS item response was significantly impacted by priming such that those in the all negative condition had highest levels of dementia worry, F(4, 75) = 2.48, p = .05, [Formula: see text]. This effect was strengthened when relevance of aging stereotypes was controlled for, p < .01. Results suggested that brief exposure to negative aging stereotype content increased levels of dementia worry, particularly when stereotypes were self-relevant. These findings indicate addressing aging stereotypes may be one way of impacting dementia worry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joie Molden
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA
| | - Molly Maxfield
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA
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41
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Abstract
Dementia worry, an anxiety-related response to the possibility of developing dementia, represents an important yet underexplored health concern for an aging population. Such a construct is likely impacted by stereotypes concerning aging, including biased associations of aging with inevitable cognitive decline. The present article explores the impact of mixed positive and negative aging stereotype messages on levels of dementia worry. The Fear of Alzheimer's Disease Scale (FADS) was used to measure impact of priming with different proportions of positive and negative aging stereotype words. The priming intervention was modeled after Levy (J Pers Soc Psychol 71:1092-1107, 1996, doi:10.1037/0022-3514.71.6.1092). Eighty older adult participants (Mage = 71.65, SD = 6.57) were exposed to mostly positive aging stereotype words, half positive/half negative words, mostly negative words, all negative words, or non-stereotype words. Mean FADS item response was significantly impacted by priming such that those in the all negative condition had highest levels of dementia worry, F(4, 75) = 2.48, p = .05, [Formula: see text]. This effect was strengthened when relevance of aging stereotypes was controlled for, p < .01. Results suggested that brief exposure to negative aging stereotype content increased levels of dementia worry, particularly when stereotypes were self-relevant. These findings indicate addressing aging stereotypes may be one way of impacting dementia worry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joie Molden
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA
| | - Molly Maxfield
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA
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42
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Kim JS, Kim EH, An M. Experience of Dementia-related Anxiety in Middle-aged Female Caregivers for Family Members with Dementia: A Phenomenological Study. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci) 2016; 10:128-35. [PMID: 27349670 DOI: 10.1016/j.anr.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In Korea, most elderly with dementia receive care from family members, yet little research is available on the experience of dementia-related anxiety in middle-aged female caregivers for a family member with dementia. The purpose of this study was to describe the lived experience of dementia-related anxiety in middle-aged female caregivers for family members with dementia. METHODS A descriptive phenomenological study was conducted. A purposive sampling strategy was used to recruit participants. Twelve middle-aged women (40-59 years, mean age = 51.90 years) who were family caregivers were interviewed from February 2014 to August 2014. Data were collected through semistructured interviews and analyzed using Giorgi's method. RESULTS The essential structure of the phenomenon was a fear of losing self-identity. The main essence was represented by six components: keenly feeling the effects of aging because of memory deficit, continuous comparison of the family member's behavior with that of the participant's, Finding it painful to see a family member with dementia as he/she does not know how this will end, not knowing the conclusion of the disease process, reducing the risk of dementia, and trying to change one's lifestyle from what it used to be in the past. CONCLUSIONS The study provides the essential structure of the experience on dementia-related anxiety that caregivers of a family member with dementia have. The findings could help healthcare providers and researchers have better understanding of dementia-related anxiety and give more attention to the caregivers to relieve their anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Sun Kim
- College of Nursing, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Eun Ha Kim
- Department of Nursing, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan, South Korea
| | - Minjeong An
- College of Nursing, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea.
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Kinzer A, Suhr JA. Dementia worry and its relationship to dementia exposure, psychological factors, and subjective memory concerns. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2015; 23:196-204. [PMID: 26496236 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2015.1030669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
With increased societal awareness of dementia, older adults show increased concern about developing dementia, leading to misidentification of aging-related cognitive glitches as signs of dementia. While some researchers have suggested self-reported cognitive concerns accurately identify older adults with early signs of dementia, there is evidence that subjective cognitive decline is not associated with objective cognitive performance and instead reflects psychological factors consistent with models of health anxiety, including dementia worry. We examined the construct of dementia worry and its relationship to subjective memory concerns in 100 older adults (Mage = 69 years) without signs of dementia, using a recently developed measure of dementia worry. Consistent with hypotheses, dementia worry was related to exposure to dementia, having a high number of depressive or general worry symptoms, and having more memory concerns. Exposure to dementia moderated the relationship of dementia worry to depression and general worry. Furthermore, dementia worry moderated the relationship of objective memory impairment to subjective memory ratings. The results provide further evidence of the role of psychological factors such as dementia worry in subjective memory report and emphasize the need for objective cognitive testing before making determinations about dementia in older adults expressing memory concerns.
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Abstract
The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is projected to grow dramatically, but efforts to treat its progression have been unsuccessful. Fear of AD among older persons is greater than fear of cancer, and lingering worries about developing AD can be detrimental to well-being. Yet, much remains to be known about such worries and their precursors. This study, based on data from the Health and Retirement Survey, examines correlates of worry. Results of multivariate analyses show the following to be independent and significant correlates: present memory ratings, perceived changes in memory, personal familiarity with AD, belief that being a first-degree relative of someone with AD heightens the chance of developing AD, and age. Interaction analyses show that memory ratings and perceived changes in memory functioning are associated with worry regardless of personal familiarity. These findings will enable practitioners to identify patients and clients at risk of being worried about getting AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Cutler
- Department of Sociology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA Faculty of Sociology and Social Work, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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45
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Léon C, Pin S, Kreft-Jaïs C, Arwidson P. Perceptions of Alzheimer’s Disease in the French Population: Evolutions between 2008 and 2013 and Associated Factors in 2013. J Alzheimers Dis 2015; 47:467-78. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-142922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Léon
- Department of Scientific Affairs, National Institute for Prevention and Health Education (INPES), St-Denis, France
| | - Stéphanie Pin
- Institute for Social Sciences, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
- National Center for Competences and Research LIVES, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Kreft-Jaïs
- Department of Scientific Affairs, National Institute for Prevention and Health Education (INPES), St-Denis, France
| | - Pierre Arwidson
- Department of Scientific Affairs, National Institute for Prevention and Health Education (INPES), St-Denis, France
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46
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Cutler SJ, Brăgaru C. Long-term and short-term predictors of worries about getting Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Ageing 2015; 12:341-351. [PMID: 28804366 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-015-0350-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cumulative stresses associated with concerns about cognitive functioning and worries about developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been shown to be related to poorer health and lower psychological well-being. Among older persons, AD also generates higher levels of fear than any other disease. But much remains to be learned about predictors of worries and fears, especially from a temporal perspective. Thus, the principal objective of the current research is to examine long-term effects of self-perceptions of cognitive functioning on worries about developing AD. Data for the study are drawn from the University of Michigan's Health and Retirement Study. We use up to ten measurements of self-perceived cognitive functioning collected from 1992 to 2010 for respondents 50 years of age and older at the time of their entrance into the study. Demographics (marital status, age, education, and gender); beliefs about the role of genetics, personal knowledge of someone with AD, and their interaction; and depression and health are other variables included in the model. The data are analyzed using the full information maximum likelihood procedure and latent growth curve modeling to account for the long-term effects. The analysis shows evidence of both short-term effects of depression, age, beliefs, and the interaction of beliefs and personal familiarity and long-term effects of cognitive self-assessment on worries about getting AD. Further analyses of these relationships and inclusion of these items in other studies are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Cutler
- Department of Sociology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 USA
- Faculty of Sociology and Social Work, University of Bucharest, 9 Schitu Măgureanu Street, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corina Brăgaru
- Faculty of Sociology and Social Work, University of Bucharest, 9 Schitu Măgureanu Street, Bucharest, Romania
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47
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Abstract
In order to best meet the needs of their clientele, practitioners in memory clinics need information about the characteristics of patients who do not meet the criteria for diagnosis of an organic mental disorder such as vascular dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In particular, concern about having or developing dementia may prompt ``cognitively healthy’’ people to visit memory clinics. In a pilot study, we investigated ``dementia worry’’ (DW) in addition to the socio-demographic characteristics, physical health risk-factors and psychological symptoms of memory clinic patients for whom dementia and MCI diagnoses were excluded after a comprehensive diagnostic work-up. Dementia worry has recently been defined as an “emotional reaction to the perceived threat of developing dementia” (Kessler et al., 2012). Accordingly, DW consists of both emotions (e.g. fear) and cognitions (e.g. thoughts, ruminations) regarding the perceived threat of developing dementia. Our study was evaluated by the Ethical Committee of the Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg.
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48
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Moon Y, Kim HJ, Choi H, Oh SI, Han SH. Validity of the Korean version of the fear of Alzheimer's disease scale for the assessment of anticipatory dementia. J Korean Med Sci 2014; 29:411-5. [PMID: 24616592 PMCID: PMC3945138 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2014.29.3.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticipatory dementia is related to anxiety, which is a clinical predictor of early conversion to Alzheimer's disease. The Fear of Alzheimer's Disease Scale (FADS) is a reliable and valid instrument to address anticipatory dementia. The aim of the present investigation was to develop the Korean version of the Fear of Alzheimer's Disease Scale (K-FADS) and to verify its reliability and validity. We developed the K-FADS to consist of 30 items with total scores ranging from 0 to 120, as in the original FADS. One hundred eight healthy volunteer participants, drawn from 3 different university hospitals, were evaluated. The K-FADS revealed good reliability (Cronbach α=0.96) and good validity as compared to the Korean version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Form (r=0.242, P=0.013). Test-retest reliability was excellent, as the intra-class correlation coefficient comparing the retest to test was 0.98 (95% confidence interval, 0.96-0.99). Our results show that the K-FADS is a suitable and valuable scale to assess anticipatory dementia in elderly Koreans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonsil Moon
- Department of Neurology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Kim
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hojin Choi
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea
| | - Seong-il Oh
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seol-Heui Han
- Department of Neurology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Center for Geriatric Neuroscience Research, Institute of Biomedical Science, Konkuk Medical Science Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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49
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Abstract
Does working with frail and cognitively impaired older people, in addition to and in combination with psychological distress, lead to concerns about one’s own aging? We investigated whether aging anxiety (AA) and dementia worry (DW) systematically differed between N = 34 geriatric nurses and a comparison sample of N = 34 childcare workers. The samples did not differ with regards to sociodemographic characteristics, personality, life satisfaction, or dementia knowledge. A multivariate GLM analysis revealed a substantial effect of both work context (high vs. low exposure to aging/dementia; η2 = .12) and overall psychological distress (η2 = .15) across three indicators of AA/DW. Interindividual differences in AA and DW seem to be partially explained by professional experience in eldercare as well as by mental health resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Marie Kessler
- Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Psychological Ageing Research, Institute of Psychology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Tempel
- Department of Psychological Ageing Research, Institute of Psychology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Werner Wahl
- Department of Psychological Ageing Research, Institute of Psychology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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50
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Gender differences in lay persons’ beliefs and knowledge about Alzheimer's disease (AD): A national representative study of Israeli adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2013; 56:400-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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