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Chen L, Li J, Xiao B. The role of sialidases in the pathogenesis of bacterial vaginosis and their use as a promising pharmacological target in bacterial vaginosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1367233. [PMID: 38495652 PMCID: PMC10940449 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1367233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is an infection of the genital tract characterized by disturbance of the normally Lactobacilli-dominated vaginal flora due to the overgrowth of Gardnerella and other anaerobic bacteria. Gardnerella vaginalis, an anaerobic pathogen and the major pathogen of BV, produces sialidases that cleave terminal sialic acid residues off of human glycans. By desialylation, sialidases not only alter the function of sialic acid-containing glycoconjugates but also play a vital role in the attachment, colonization and spread of many other vaginal pathogens. With known pathogenic effects, excellent performance of sialidase-based diagnostic tests, and promising therapeutic potentials of sialidase inhibitors, sialidases could be used as a biomarker of BV. This review explores the sources of sialidases and their role in vaginal dysbiosis, in aims to better understand their participation in the pathogenesis of BV and their value in the diagnosis and treatment of BV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayue Li
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bingbing Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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2
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He Q, Wu KCH, Bennett AN, Fan B, Liu J, Huang R, Kong APS, Tian X, Kwok MKM, Chan KHK. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug target gene associations with major depressive disorders: a Mendelian randomisation study integrating GWAS, eQTL and mQTL Data. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2023:10.1038/s41397-023-00302-1. [PMID: 36966195 PMCID: PMC10382318 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-023-00302-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Previous observational studies reported associations between non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and major depressive disorder (MDD), however, these associations are often inconsistent and underlying biological mechanisms are still poorly understood. We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) study to examine relationships between genetic variants and NSAID target gene expression or DNA methylation (DNAm) using publicly available expression, methylation quantitative trait loci (eQTL or mQTL) data and genetic variant-disease associations from genome-wide association studies (GWAS of MDD). We also assessed drug exposure using gene expression and DNAm levels of NSAID targets as proxies. Genetic variants were robustly adjusted for multiple comparisons related to gene expression, DNAm was used as MR instrumental variables and GWAS statistics of MDD as the outcome. A 1-standard deviation (SD) lower expression of NEU1 in blood was related to lower C-reactive protein (CRP) levels of -0.215 mg/L (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.128-0.426) and a decreased risk of MDD (odds ratio [OR] = 0.806; 95% CI: 0.735-0.885; p = 5.36 × 10-6). A concordant direction of association was also observed for NEU1 DNAm levels in blood and a risk of MDD (OR = 0.886; 95% CI: 0.836-0.939; p = 4.71 × 10-5). Further, the genetic variants associated with MDD were mediated by NEU1 expression via DNAm (β = -0.519; 95% CI: -0.717 to -0.320256; p = 3.16 × 10-7). We did not observe causal relationships between inflammatory genetic marker estimations and MDD risk. Yet, we identified a concordant association of NEU1 messenger RNA and an adverse direction of association of higher NEU1 DNAm with MDD risk. These results warrant increased pharmacovigilance and further in vivo or in vitro studies to investigate NEU1 inhibitors or supplements for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian He
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kevin Chun Hei Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Adam N Bennett
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Beifang Fan
- Department of Mental Health, Shenzhen Nanshan Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jundong Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ruixuan Huang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alice P S Kong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tian
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Heart and Vascular Institute and Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Man Ki Maggie Kwok
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kei Hang Katie Chan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Department of Epidemiology, Centre for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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Heimerl M, Gausepohl T, Mueller JH, Ricke-Hoch M. Neuraminidases-Key Players in the Inflammatory Response after Pathophysiological Cardiac Stress and Potential New Therapeutic Targets in Cardiac Disease. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081229. [PMID: 36009856 PMCID: PMC9405403 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Glycoproteins and glycolipids on the cell surfaces of vertebrates and higher invertebrates contain α-keto acid sugars called sialic acids, terminally attached to their glycan structures. The actual level of sialylation, regulated through enzymatic removal of the latter ones by NEU enzymes, highly affects protein-protein, cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions. Thus, their regulatory features affect a large number of different cell types, including those of the immune system. Research regarding NEUs within heart and vessels provides new insights of their involvement in the development of cardiovascular pathologies and identifies mechanisms on how inhibiting NEU enzymes can have a beneficial effect on cardiac remodelling and on a number of different cardiac diseases including CMs and atherosclerosis. In this regard, a multitude of clinical studies demonstrated the potential of N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) to serve as a biomarker following cardiac diseases. Anti-influenza drugs i.e., zanamivir and oseltamivir are viral NEU inhibitors, thus, they block the enzymatic activity of NEUs. When considering the improvement in cardiac function in several different cardiac disease animal models, which results from NEU reduction, the inhibition of NEU enzymes provides a new potential therapeutic treatment strategy to treat cardiac inflammatory pathologies, and thus, administrate cardioprotection.
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Khan A, Sergi CM. NEU1—A Unique Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:902259. [PMID: 35847014 PMCID: PMC9277458 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.902259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuraminidase 1 (NEU1) is considered to be the most abundant and ubiquitous mammalian enzyme, with a broad tissue distribution. It plays a crucial role in a variety of cellular mechanisms. The deficiency of NEU1 has been implicated in various pathological manifestations of sialidosis and neurodegeneration. Thus, it is a novel therapeutic target for neurodegenerative changes in the Alzheimer’s brain. However, to manipulate NEU1 as a therapeutic target, it is imperative to understand that, although NEU1 is commonly known for its lysosomal catabolic function, it is also involved in other pathways. NEU1 is involved in immune response modulation, elastic fiber assembly modulation, insulin signaling, and cell proliferation. In recent years, our knowledge of NEU1 has continued to grow, yet, at the present moment, current data is still limited. In addition, the unique biochemical properties of NEU1 make it challenging to target it as an effective therapeutic option for sialidosis, which is a rare disease but has an enormous patient burden. However, the fact that NEU1 has been linked to the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease, which is rapidly growing worldwide, makes it more relevant to be studied and explored. In the present study, the authors have discussed various cellular mechanisms involving NEU1 and how they are relevant to sialidosis and Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiza Khan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Consolato M. Sergi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Consolato M. Sergi,
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Wang Q, Chen Z, Peng X, Zheng Z, Le A, Guo J, Ma L, Shi H, Yao K, Zhang S, Zheng Z, Zhu J. Neuraminidase 1 Exacerbating Aortic Dissection by Governing a Pro-Inflammatory Program in Macrophages. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:788645. [PMID: 34869700 PMCID: PMC8639188 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.788645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays an important role in aortic dissection (AD). Macrophages are critically involved in the inflammation after aortic injury. Neuraminidases (NEUs) are a family of enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of terminal sialic acids from glycoproteins or glycolipids, which is emerging as a regulator of macrophage-associated immune responses. However, the role of neuraminidase 1 (NEU1) in pathological vascular remodeling of AD remains largely unknown. This study sought to characterize the role and identify the potential mechanism of NEU1 in pathological aortic degeneration. After β-aminopropionitrile monofumarate (BAPN) administration, NEU1 elevated significantly in the lesion zone of the aorta. Global or macrophage-specific NEU1 knockout (NEU1 CKO) mice had no baseline aortic defects but manifested improved aorta function, and decreased mortality due to aortic rupture. Improved outcomes in NEU1 CKO mice subjected to BAPN treatment were associated with the ameliorated vascular inflammation, lowered apoptosis, decreased reactive oxygen species production, mitigated extracellular matrix degradation, and improved M2 macrophage polarization. Furthermore, macrophages sorted from the aorta of NEU1 CKO mice displayed a significant increase of M2 macrophage markers and a marked decrease of M1 macrophage markers compared with the controls. To summarize, the present study demonstrated that macrophage-derived NEU1 is critical for vascular homeostasis. NEU1 exacerbates BAPN-induced pathological vascular remodeling. NEU1 may therefore represent a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhaoyang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Peng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Hypertension Research Institute, Nanchang, China
| | - Zeqi Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Hypertension Research Institute, Nanchang, China
| | - Aiping Le
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Junjie Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Leilei Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongtao Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kang Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuning Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenzhong Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Hypertension Research Institute, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianbing Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Hypertension Research Institute, Nanchang, China
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Erekat NS. Apoptosis and its therapeutic implications in neurodegenerative diseases. Clin Anat 2021; 35:65-78. [PMID: 34558138 DOI: 10.1002/ca.23792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by progressive loss of particular populations of neurons. Apoptosis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, Huntington disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In this review, we focus on the existing notions relevant to comprehending the apoptotic death process, including the morphological features, mediators and regulators of cellular apoptosis. We also highlight the evidence of neuronal apoptotic death in Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, Huntington disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Additionally, we present evidence of potential therapeutic agents that could modify the apoptotic pathway in the aforementioned neurodegenerative diseases and delay disease progression. Finally, we review the clinical trials that were conducted to evaluate the use of anti-apoptotic drugs in the treatment of the aforementioned neurodegenerative diseases, in order to highlight the essential need for early detection and intervention of neurodegenerative diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour S Erekat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Targeting the 'garbage-bin' to fight cancer: HDAC6 inhibitor WT161 has an anti-tumor effect on osteosarcoma and synergistically interacts with 5-FU. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:229416. [PMID: 34323266 PMCID: PMC8350430 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20210952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
An imbalance between protein aggregation and protein degradation may induce 'stress' in the functionality of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). There are quality control (QC) mechanisms to minimize misfolding and to eliminate misfolded proteins before aggregation becomes lethal for the cell. Proper protein folding and maturation is one of the crucial functions of the ER. Chaperones of the ER and folding enzymes guarantee correct conformational maturation of emerging secretory proteins. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) 6 (HDAC6) is a masterpiece coordinating the cell response to protein aggregate formation. The balance between HDAC6 and its partner Valosin-containing protein/p97 determines the fate of polyubiquitinated misfolded proteins. WT161 is a terrific, selective, and bioavailable HDAC6 inhibitor. WT161 selectively inhibits HDAC6 and adequately increases levels of acetylated α-tubulin. This compound induces accumulation of acetylated tubulin and cytotoxicity in multiple myeloma (MM) cells. In this journal, Sun et al. (Biosci. Rep.41, DOI: 10.1042/BSR20203905) identified that WT161 suppresses the cell growth of osteosarcoma cells. This discovery opens the door to future chemotherapeutic regimens of this bone neoplasm.
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