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Ghosh S, Das SK, Sinha K, Ghosh B, Sen K, Ghosh N, Sil PC. The Emerging Role of Natural Products in Cancer Treatment. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:2353-2391. [PMID: 38795134 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03786-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
The exploration of natural products as potential agents for cancer treatment has garnered significant attention in recent years. In this comprehensive review, we delve into the diverse array of natural compounds, including alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, lignans, polyketides, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids, highlighting their emerging roles in cancer therapy. These compounds, derived from various botanical sources, exhibit a wide range of mechanisms of action, targeting critical pathways involved in cancer progression such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Through a meticulous examination of preclinical and clinical studies, we provide insights into the therapeutic potential of these natural products across different cancer types. Furthermore, we discuss the advantages and challenges associated with their use in cancer treatment, emphasizing the need for further research to optimize their efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and delivery methods. Overall, this review underscores the importance of natural products in advancing cancer therapeutics and paves the way for future investigations into their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Ghosh
- Department of Zoology, Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandira, Belur Math, Howrah, 711202, India
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Sanjib Kumar Das
- Department of Zoology, Jhargram Raj College, Jhargram, 721507, India
| | - Krishnendu Sinha
- Department of Zoology, Jhargram Raj College, Jhargram, 721507, India.
| | - Biswatosh Ghosh
- Department of Zoology, Bidhannagar College, Kolkata, 700064, India
| | - Koushik Sen
- Department of Zoology, Jhargram Raj College, Jhargram, 721507, India
| | - Nabanita Ghosh
- Department of Zoology, Maulana Azad College, Kolkata, 700013, India
| | - Parames C Sil
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, 700054, India.
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Ahmadi F, Kariman K, Mousavi M, Rengel Z. Echinacea: Bioactive Compounds and Agronomy. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1235. [PMID: 38732450 PMCID: PMC11085449 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
For centuries, medicinal plants have been used as sources of remedies and treatments for various disorders and diseases. Recently, there has been renewed interest in these plants due to their potential pharmaceutical properties, offering natural alternatives to synthetic drugs. Echinacea, among the world's most important medicinal plants, possesses immunological, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties. Nevertheless, there is a notable lack of thorough information regarding the echinacea species, underscoring the vital need for a comprehensive review paper to consolidate existing knowledge. The current review provides a thorough analysis of the existing knowledge on recent advances in understanding the physiology, secondary metabolites, agronomy, and ecology of echinacea plants, focusing on E. purpurea, E. angustifolia, and E. pallida. Pharmacologically advantageous effects of echinacea species on human health, particularly distinguished for its ability to safeguard the nervous system and combat cancer, are discussed. We also highlight challenges in echinacea research and provide insights into diverse approaches to boost the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites of interest in echinacea plants and optimize their large-scale farming. Various academic databases were employed to carry out an extensive literature review of publications from 2001 to 2024. The medicinal properties of echinacea plants are attributed to diverse classes of compounds, including caffeic acid derivatives (CADs), chicoric acid, echinacoside, chlorogenic acid, cynarine, phenolic and flavonoid compounds, polysaccharides, and alkylamides. Numerous critical issues have emerged, including the identification of active metabolites with limited bioavailability, the elucidation of specific molecular signaling pathways or targets linked to echinacoside effects, and the scarcity of robust clinical trials. This raises the overarching question of whether scientific inquiry can effectively contribute to harnessing the potential of natural compounds. A systematic review and analysis are essential to furnish insights and lay the groundwork for future research endeavors focused on the echinacea natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ahmadi
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (K.K.); (M.M.); (Z.R.)
| | - Khalil Kariman
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (K.K.); (M.M.); (Z.R.)
| | - Milad Mousavi
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (K.K.); (M.M.); (Z.R.)
| | - Zed Rengel
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (K.K.); (M.M.); (Z.R.)
- Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, 21000 Split, Croatia
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Li X, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Yin Y, Yuan X, You X, Wu J. Echinacoside Prevents Sepsis-Induced Myocardial Damage via Targeting SOD2. J Med Food 2024; 27:123-133. [PMID: 38100058 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.k.0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Echinacoside (ECH) is a prominent naturally occurring bioactive compound with effects of alleviating myocardial damage. We aimed to explore the beneficial effects of ECH against sepsis-induced myocardial damage and elucidate the potential mechanism. Echocardiography and Masson staining demonstrated that ECH alleviates cardiac function and fibrosis in the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model. Transcriptome profiling and network pharmacology analysis showed that there are 51 overlapping targets between sepsis-induced myocardial damage and ECH. Subsequently, chemical carcinogenesis-reactive oxygen species (ROS) were enriched in multiple targets. Wherein, SOD2 may be the potential target of ECH on sepsis-induced myocardial damage. Polymerase chain reaction results showed that ECH administration could markedly increase the expression of SOD2 and reduce the release of ROS. Combined with injecting the inhibitor of SOD2, the beneficial effect of ECH on mortality, cardiac function, and fibrosis was eliminated, and release of ROS was increased after inhibiting SOD2. ECH significantly alleviated myocardial damage in septic mice, and the therapeutic mechanism of ECH is achieved by upregulating SOD2 which decreased the release of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology (USST), Shanghai, China
| | - Zuojing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yibo Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinru Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xingji You
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jingxiang Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology (USST), Shanghai, China
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Wei J, Zheng Z, Hou X, Jia F, Yuan Y, Yuan F, He F, Hu L, Zhao L. Echinacoside inhibits colorectal cancer metastasis via modulating the gut microbiota and suppressing the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116866. [PMID: 37429503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Echinacoside (ECH) is the dominant phenylethanoid glycoside-structured compound identified from our developed herbal formula Huangci granule, which has been previously reported to inhibit the invasion and metastasis of CRC and prolong patients' disease-free survival duration. Though ECH has inhibitory activity against aggressive colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, its anti-metastasis effect in vivo and the action mechanism is undetermined. Given that ECH has an extremely low bioavailability and gut microbiota drives the CRC progression, we hypothesized that ECH could inhibit metastatic CRC by targeting the gut microbiome. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of ECH on colorectal cancer liver metastasis in vivo and its potential mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS An intrasplenic injection-induced liver metastatic model was established to examine the efficiency of ECH on tumor metastasis in vivo. Fecal microbiota from the model group and the ECH group were separately transplanted into pseudo-sterile CRLM mice in order to verify the role of gut flora in the ECH anti-metastatic effect. The 16S rRNA gene sequence was applied to analyze the structure and composition of the gut microbiota after ECH intervention, and the effect of ECH on short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs)-producing bacteria growth was proven by anaerobic culturing in vitro. GC-MS was applied to quantitatively analyze the serum SCFAs levels in mice. RNA-seq was performed to detect the gene changes involving tumor-promoting signaling pathway. RESULTS ECH inhibited CRC metastasis in a dose-dependent manner in the metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) mouse model. Manipulation of gut bacteria in the mCRC mouse model further proved that SCFA-generating gut bacteria played an indispensable role in mediating the antimetastatic action of ECH. Under an anaerobic condition, ECH benefited SCFA-producing microbiota without affecting the total bacterial load, presenting a dose-dependent promotion on the growth of a butyrate producer, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (F.p). Furthermore, ECH-reshaped or F.p-colonized microbiota with a high butyrate-producing capability inhibited liver metastasis by suppressing PI3K/AKT signaling and reversing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, whereas this anti-metastatic ability was abrogated by the butyrate synthase inhibitor heptanoyl-CoA. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that ECH exhibits oral anti-metastatic efficacy by facilitating butyrate-producing gut bacteria, which downregulates PI3K/AKT signaling and EMT. It hints at a novel role for ECH in CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wei
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongmei Zheng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinxin Hou
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengjing Jia
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuwen Yuan
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng He
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Hu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ling Zhao
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Liang H, Yin G, Shi G, Liu Z, Liu X, Li J. Echinacoside regulates PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α/VEGF cross signaling axis in proliferation and apoptosis of breast cancer. Anal Biochem 2024; 684:115360. [PMID: 37865269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Echinacoside (ECH) is a natural anti-cancer compound and is of great value in cancer treatment. However, the mechanism underlying this effect on breast cancer (BC) was unclear. OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of ECH treating BC by network pharmacology and experimental validation. MATERIALS & METHODS Several databases were searched to screen potential targets of ECH and obtain information on targets related to BC. STRING was applied to construct a Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. DAVID was applied for Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) was searched for the relationship between the expression profile and overall survival of major targets in normal breast and BC tissues. Finally, the results of network pharmacology analysis were validated by experiments. RESULTS Seventeen targets of ECH overlapped with targets in BC. Ten hub targets were determined through PPI. By GO and KEGG analysis 15 entries and 25 pathways were obtained, in which phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) played greater roles. Validation of key targets in the GEPIA database showed that PIK3R1 and PIK3CD remained consistent with the results of the study. Experiments in vitro showed ECH inhibited proliferation, induced apoptosis and reduced mRNA levels and protein expression of PI3K, AKT, hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) in MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, experiments in vivo revealed that ECH significantly reduced tumor growth, promoted apoptosis and decreased the related mRNA levels and protein expression, suggesting ECH works on BC by regulating PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway. DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION In summary, ECH played an important role in anti-BC by regulating PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway. Furthermore, ECH had multi-target and multi-pathway effects, which may be a promising natural compound for treating BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Liang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Yin
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangxi Shi
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingwei Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Wang W, Jiang S, Zhao Y, Zhu G. Echinacoside: A promising active natural products and pharmacological agents. Pharmacol Res 2023; 197:106951. [PMID: 37804927 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Echinacoside, a natural phenylethanoid glycoside, was discovered and isolated from the garden plant Echinacea angustifolia DC., belonging to the Compositae family, approximately sixty years ago. Extensive investigations have revealed that it possesses a wide array of pharmacologically beneficial activities for human health, particularly notable for its neuroprotective and anticancer activity. Several crucial concerns surfaced, encompassing the recognition of active metabolites that exhibited inadequate bioavailability in their prototype form, the establishment of precise molecular signal pathways or targets associated with the aforementioned effects of echinacoside, and the scarcity of dependable clinical trials. Hence, the question remains unanswered as to whether scientific research can effectively utilize this natural compound. To support future studies on this natural product, it is imperative to provide a systematic overview and insights into potential future prospects. The current review provides a comprehensive analysis of the existing knowledge on echinacoside, encompassing its wide distribution, structural diversity and metabolism, diverse therapeutic applications, and improvement of echinacoside bioavailability for its potential utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shujun Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Guoxue Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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Jia W, Liang S, Lin W, Li S, Yuan J, Jin M, Nie S, Zhang Y, Zhai X, Zhou L, Ling C, Cheng B, Ling C. Hypoxia-induced exosomes facilitate lung pre-metastatic niche formation in hepatocellular carcinoma through the miR-4508-RFX1-IL17A-p38 MAPK-NF-κB pathway. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:4744-4762. [PMID: 37781522 PMCID: PMC10539707 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.86767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypoxia plays an important role in the lung metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the process by which hypoxia promotes the formation of a pre-metastatic niche (PMN) and its underlying mechanism remain unclear. Methods: Exosomes derived from normoxic and hypoxic HCC cells were collected to induce fibroblast activation in vitro and PMN formation in vivo. The micro RNA (miR) profiles of the exosomes were sequenced to identify differentially expressed miRNAs. Gain- and loss-of-function analyses were performed to investigate miR-4508 function. Dual-luciferase, western blotting, and real-time reverse transcription-PCR analyses were used to identify the direct targets of miR-4508 and its downstream signaling pathways. To demonstrate the roles of hypoxic tumor-derived exosomes (H-TDEs) and miR-4508 in the lung metastasis of liver cancer, H22 tumor cells were injected through the tail vein of mice. Blood plasma-derived exosomes from patients with HCC who underwent transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) were applied to determine clinical correlations. Results: We demonstrated that H-TDEs activated lung fibroblasts and facilitated PMN formation, thereby promoting lung metastasis in mice. Screening for upregulated exosomal miRNAs revealed that miR-4508 and its target, regulatory factor X1 (RFX1), were involved in H-TDE-induced lung PMN formation. Moreover, miR-4508 was significantly upregulated in plasma exosomes derived from patients with HCC after TACE. We confirmed that the p38 MAPK-NF-κB signaling pathway is involved in RFX1 knockdown-induced fibroblast activation and PMN formation. In addition, IL17A, a downstream target of RFX1, was identified as a link between RFX1 knockdown and p38 MAPK activation in fibroblasts. Conclusion: Hypoxia enhances the release of TDEs enriched with miR-4508, thereby promoting lung PMN formation by targeting the RFX1-IL17A-p38 MAPK-NF-κB pathway. These findings highlight a novel mechanism underlying hypoxia-induced pulmonary metastasis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Jia
- Oncology Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200043, China
| | - Shufang Liang
- Oncology Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wanfu Lin
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200043, China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Baoshan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China
| | - Jiaying Yuan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mingming Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Shuchang Nie
- Oncology Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200043, China
| | - Ya'ni Zhang
- Oncology Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200043, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhai
- Oncology Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200043, China
| | - Liping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Changquan Ling
- Oncology Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200043, China
| | - Binbin Cheng
- Oncology Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200043, China
| | - Chen Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
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Jiang T, Gu H, Wei J. Echinacoside Inhibits Osteoclast Function by Down-Regulating PI3K/Akt/C-Fos to Alleviate Osteolysis Caused by Periprosthetic Joint Infection. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:930053. [PMID: 35814196 PMCID: PMC9263215 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.930053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Infected osteolysis as a common secondary osteoporosis is associated with excessive osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. The inhibition of osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption have been demonstrated an effective approach in the treatment of osteolytic diseases. Echinacoside (ECH) is a natural phenylethanoid glycoside with multiple biological functions, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and osteoblast differentiation promotion. However, the effects of ECH on osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption function remain unknown. In vitro, we investigated the effects of ECH on osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption induced by RANKL and its potential mechanisms. In vivo, we established a periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) rat model and demonstrated the changes of infected osteolysis and osteoclasts activities in surgical sites. ECH (20 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally after debridement for 4 weeks. Radiological evaluation and bone histomorphometric analysis was performed to assess the efficacy of ECH. The results showed that ECH inhibited osteoclast differentiation, F-actin belts formation, bone resorption function and osteoclast-specific gene expression by preventing NFATc1 translocation, down-regulating its expression and affecting the PI3K/Akt/c-Fos pathway in vitro. ECH also alleviated in vivo PJI-induced osteolysis and maintained bone mass by inhibiting osteoclast activity. Our study indicated that ECH attenuated RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and PJI-induced bone loss and was shown as a potentially effective therapeutic agent for osteoclast-related bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Department of Joint Orthopedics, Affiliated Liutie Central Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanwen Gu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Wei
- Department of Joint Orthopedics, Affiliated Liutie Central Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Wei,
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Shu W, Wang Z, Zhao R, Shi R, Zhang J, Zhang W, Wang H. Exploration of the Effect and Potential Mechanism of Echinacoside Against Endometrial Cancer Based on Network Pharmacology and in vitro Experimental Verification. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:1847-1863. [PMID: 35734366 PMCID: PMC9208491 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s361955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wan Shu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Hongbo Wang, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Echinacoside Induces Mitochondria-Mediated Pyroptosis through Raf/MEK/ERK Signaling in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:3351268. [PMID: 35571569 PMCID: PMC9106467 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3351268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Various natural compounds are effective in cancer prevention and treatment with fewer side effects than conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Considering the uncertainty of the antitumor mechanism of Echinacoside (Ech) and the fact that no study on Ech against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been explored previously, this study inquired into the anti-NSCLC effect of Ech and explored its potential mechanisms. Methods The IC50 to Ech of the NSCLC cells was calculated based on a series of cell viability assays. Different concentrations of Ech were used to treat the cells; the proliferation activity of the cells was evaluated using EdU staining. Mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by JC-1 staining. Levels of cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 were measured by ELISA. GSH and MDA levels were measured by microplate reader. Expression of cytochrome c, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, c-Myc, c-Fos, and Raf/MEK/ERK pathway proteins was evaluated by western blot. Meanwhile, we used xenograft, immunohistochemical staining, and H&E staining to evaluate the pharmacological effects of Ech in mice in vivo. Results ECH inhibited the proliferation of NSCLC cells. Ech increased the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins. Besides, Ech perturbed the mitochondrial membrane potential with the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c, accompanied by increased oxidative stress. Ech inhibited the phosphorylation levels of Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway and subsequently reduced c-myc and c-fos protein expression. In addition, Ech effectively restrained the growth of tumors in vivo. Conclusions Ech inhibited the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling. Impaired mitochondria activated inflammasome, which in turn led to the pyroptosis of NSCLC cells. These findings can provide some ideas on how to use pyroptosis to treat NSCLC.
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