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Sa'ari CZ, Chik H, Syed Muhsin SB, Zainuddin SI, Abdul Aziz NA, Mohammad Jodi KH, Saari CZ, Muhamad Shukri AS, Karman S, Surip AG. Needs Analysis for The Development of a Manual in Palliative Care for Malaysia: An Islamic Psychospiritual Approach. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2024:10.1007/s10943-024-02073-w. [PMID: 38874714 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-024-02073-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
This study explicates an Islamic approach to palliative care based on the results of a needs analysis regarding the development of an Islamic psychospiritual manual of palliative care alongside related elements. This article represents the first phase of a three-phase study using the design and development research (DDR) approach developed by Richey and Klein to study for design and development of manual either needed or otherwise. This project is a quantitative study that uses purposive sampling through a questionnaire instrument to investigate 210 participants from the general population in Malaysia that have experience in taking care of terminally ill patients. The findings of the study indicated that the majority of participants agreed with the development of an Islamic psychospiritual manual with mean values (x̅) of 4.57 and 4.66. Concurrently, the findings showed that the hierarchy of emphasis in terms of the elements to be included in the manual starts with emotional support, which exhibited the highest mean rate (x̅), followed by faith in God, spiritual and religious support, self and physical management, trauma management and social support. The correlations indicated that all the elements to be included in the manual were significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Zarrina Sa'ari
- Department of Akidah and Islamic Thought, Academy of Islamic Studies, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Hasimah Chik
- Department of Akidah and Islamic Thought, Academy of Islamic Studies, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sharifah Basirah Syed Muhsin
- Department of Akidah and Islamic Thought, Academy of Islamic Studies, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sheriza Izwa Zainuddin
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azah Abdul Aziz
- Faculty of Art, Computing and Creative Industries, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI), 35900, Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia
| | | | - Che Zuhaida Saari
- Faculty of Syariah and Law, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Salam Muhamad Shukri
- Kulliyyah Of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), 50728, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Salmah Karman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Ghafar Surip
- Division of Research, Department of Islamic Development Malaysia (JAKIM), Kompleks Islam Putrajaya, Presint 3, 62100, Putrajaya, Malaysia
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Linden M, Lieberei B. Injustice and Embitterment: Crucial Stressors in Psychosomatic Patients. Psychopathology 2023; 57:39-44. [PMID: 37379807 DOI: 10.1159/000531254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE "Disorders specifically associated with stress" are receiving increasing attention in clinical practice, research, and modern classification systems of mental disorders. This includes not only reactions to "extremely threatening or horrific events" as it is characteristic for "post-traumatic stress disorders" but also a variety of day-to-day experiences. Examples are experiences of injustice, humiliation, or breach of trust which can have dire psychological consequences such as feelings of embitterment, a strong and crippling emotion. This study investigated the frequency of feelings of injustice and concomitant embitterment across different areas of daily life of psychosomatic patients. METHODS In an observational archival study, 200 inpatients of a department of behavioral medicine filled in the "Differential Life Burden Scale, DLB-Scale" and the "Post-Traumatic Embitterment Scale, PTED-Scale" which asks for experiences of injustice and embitterment. RESULTS More than half of all patients (58.5%) reported about very or extremely unjust and unfair life events and 51.5% additionally about feelings of embitterment. This was primarily associated with complaints about problems in the family and the workplace and was accompanied by an impairment of well-being. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that experiences of injustice and embitterment are frequently seen in psychosomatic inpatients and should get special attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Linden
- Research Group Psychosomatic Rehabilitation, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara Lieberei
- Heinrich-Heine-Center for Psychosomatic Medicine Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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An Interaction Effect of Life-Threatening Experience, Self-Efficacy, and Financial Resources on Quality of Life Among Chinese Middle-Aged and Older Women. AGEING INTERNATIONAL 2023; 48:231-246. [PMID: 34658463 PMCID: PMC8503864 DOI: 10.1007/s12126-021-09439-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The current study explores the interaction effect of adversities and self-efficacy at baseline on quality of life (QoL) at follow-up among middle-aged and older Chinese women. 531 women were interviewed in 2008 and 226 of them were re-interviewed a year later using Quality of Life Ladder (QoLL), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), List of Threatening Experiences (LTE), Somatic Complaint Scale, and self-rated health. Respondents' mean age at baseline was 55.7 (SD = 4.7, range: 50-78). Over a year's time, respondents had a decline in quality of life and self-rated health (p < .001), experienced more life-threatening events (p < .05) and somatic complaints. The hierarchical multiple regression model, employed in the study, identifies three predictors of future quality of life after adding the interaction term 'Previous LTE × Previous GSE × Previous household income' - previous quality of life (β = .492, p < .001), previous LTE (β = -.292, p < .001), and the interaction term (β = .221, p < .05). This model explains 34.1% of the variance of future quality of life (Adjusted R2 = .341, p < .001). The findings suggests that respondents' good self-appraisal of coping resources could moderate the impact of adversities on their future quality of life. Interventions for promoting positive psychological growth among middle-aged and older adults should cover four domains, i.e. event-related factors, environmental factors, personal factors, and cognitive and coping responses. Traditional Chinese wisdom emphasizes the importance of understanding the bad ('Yin'-the shady side) and the good ('Yang'-the sunny side) aspect of life events. Future research may explore the Yin Yang perspective on life-threatening experiences and its applications in cross-cultural quality of life studies in the era of globalization.
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Zhao N, Liu B, Wang Y. Examining the Relationship between Death Anxiety and Well-Being of Frontline Medical Staff during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192013430. [PMID: 36294046 PMCID: PMC9603769 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To examine the well-being of medical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic, we conducted a survey of 705 medical staff who were involved in anti-epidemic work in China from 20 February to 16 March 2020. The findings of the present study showed a "psychological typhoon eye" effect in which the medical staff in areas with a high contagion rate showed a significantly lower level of death anxiety than those in low-contagion regions. We also found a significant negative relationship between death anxiety and hedonic well-being, but there was no relationship between death anxiety and eudaimonic well-being. Moreover, the results revealed that a narcissistic personality moderates the relationships between death anxiety and the two types of well-being. For those who had higher narcissistic personality scores, death anxiety had no negative effect on their well-being. The findings of the present study can help us to better understand the life profiles of medical staff and can also provide some practical implications for understanding the life conditions of medical staff when facing a great health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhao
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-15011245375
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Chung MC, Shakra M. The Association Between Trauma Centrality and Posttraumatic Stress Among Syrian Refugees: The Impact of Cognitive Distortions and Trauma-Coping Self-Efficacy. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:1852-1877. [PMID: 32515293 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520926311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
While research suggests that the war in Syria has led to a drastic re-evaluation of oneself and elevated psychiatric symptoms among Syrian refugees, little is known whether these psychological reactions might be influenced by maladaptive beliefs about oneself and the world and their ability to cope with the effect of the trauma. This study aimed to provide further evidence on the association between trauma centrality, posttraumatic stress, and psychiatric comorbidity, and examine whether cognitive distortions and trauma-coping self-efficacy would mediate the impact of trauma centrality on distress among Syrian refugees residing in Sweden. Four-hundred seventy-five Syrian refugees completed a demographic page, the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire, General Health Questionnaire-28, Centrality of Event Scale, Cognitive Distortion Scales, and trauma-coping self-efficacy. Results showed that trauma centrality was significantly correlated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and psychiatric comorbidity after adjusting the effects of trauma exposure characteristics. Cognitive distortions mediated the impact of trauma centrality on the two distress outcomes; trauma-coping self-efficacy did not but was negatively correlated with outcomes. To conclude, the war in Syria changed self-perception, outlook on life, and identity among Syrian refugees. These changes were related to increased psychological symptoms especially for those who had distorted beliefs about themselves and the world. Refugees' belief in the lack of ability to cope with the effect of the trauma impacted psychological distress independently of changes in self-perception.
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Freh FM, Cheung Chung M. Posttraumatic stress disorder and death anxiety among Iraqi civilians exposed to a suicide car bombing: the role of religious coping and attachment. J Ment Health 2021; 30:743-750. [PMID: 34264784 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2021.1952954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a result of a bombing has been studied in the literature. Limited studies have focused attention on PTSD following a suicide car bombing. However, more research is needed to explore the risk factors for this psychological response. AIMS To examine a hypothesised model that death anxiety would be associated with PTSD and psychiatric comorbidity following a suicide car bombing, and that attachment styles and religious coping would influence the impact of this anxiety on distress outcomes. METHODS 185 Iraqi civilians exposed to the first suicide car bombing completed questionnaires measuring PTSD, psychiatric comorbidity, death anxiety, religious coping, and attachment experiences. RESULTS 82% met diagnostic criteria for PTSD, the remainder did not. Path analysis showed that death anxiety was significantly correlated with psychiatric comorbidity; it was also correlated with attachment, which was correlated with psychiatric comorbidity. Death anxiety was also significantly correlated with religious coping, which was correlated with both distress outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Although Iraqi civilians reported increased death anxiety following a suicide car bombing, those who used religion to cope with the traumatic experience and had functional attachment experiences in the past reported low levels of psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Man Cheung Chung
- Department of Educational Psychology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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7
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Rababa M, Hayajneh AA, Bani-Iss W. Association of Death Anxiety with Spiritual Well-Being and Religious Coping in Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2021; 60:50-63. [PMID: 33284402 PMCID: PMC7719733 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-020-01129-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This descriptive study aimed to examine the association of death anxiety with religious coping and spiritual well-being among 248 community-dwelling older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. The brief Arab religious coping scale, the Arabic version of the spiritual well-being Scale, and the Arabic Scale of death anxiety were used to measure religious coping, spiritual well-being, and death anxiety, respectively. The majority of the participating older adults were found to have low levels of religious coping and spiritual well-being and high levels of death anxiety. Further, in comparison to male older adults, female older adults were found to have higher levels of religious coping and lower levels of death anxiety. Moreover, in comparison to widowed older adults, married older adults were found to have higher levels of death anxiety. After controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, religious coping, and spiritual well-being were found to be significant predictors of death anxiety in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rababa
- Department of Adult Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, P.O. Box 3030, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Audai A Hayajneh
- Department of Adult Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, P.O. Box 3030, 22110, Jordan
| | - Wegdan Bani-Iss
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences/Health Promotion Research Group, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Abstract
Injustice, breach of trust, and humiliation are social stressors which can result in embitterment, known to everybody and which has been described in the Bible (Cain and Abel) or by Aristotle in the Nicomachean Ethics. It has been discussed by several authors since the early days of psychiatric classification. In the textbook 'Psychiatry' by E. Kraepelin a full chapter is devoted to 'querulant delusion', named a reactive psychosis, which can be discriminated from endogenous psychosis or personality disorders. Core symptoms are embitterment, negativism, helplessness, self blame, unspecific somatic symptoms, phobic avoidance of persons or situations related to the event, intrusions, phantasies of revenge and aggression. Another name is 'Posttraumatic Embitterment Disorder' according to the leading emotion. This severe mental disorder has by and large been ignored over the years by health professionals. In ICD-11 the term embitterment is mentioned for the first time in the category '6B43 adjustment disorder'. Embitterment can be measured with the 'Bern Embitterment Inventory (BVI)' and the 'Post-Traumatic Embitterment Self-rating Scale (PTED scale)'. Treatment must take into account the special features of embitterment including often aggressive rejection of help. A promising treatment approach is, to refer to wisdom psychology and transfer this in 'wisdom psychotherapy'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Linden
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Gallagher MW, Long LJ, Phillips CA. Hope, optimism, self‐efficacy, and posttraumatic stress disorder: A meta‐analytic review of the protective effects of positive expectancies. J Clin Psychol 2019; 76:329-355. [DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W. Gallagher
- Department of Psychology, Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and StatisticsUniversity of HoustonHouston Texas
| | - Laura J. Long
- Department of Psychology, Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and StatisticsUniversity of HoustonHouston Texas
| | - Colleen A. Phillips
- Department of Psychology, Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and StatisticsUniversity of HoustonHouston Texas
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10
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Soleimani MA, Bahrami N, Zarabadi-Pour S, Motalebi SA, Parker A, Chan YH. Predictors of death anxiety among patients with heart disease. DEATH STUDIES 2018; 44:160-167. [PMID: 30407129 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2018.1527416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This research examines whether or not socio-demographic factors and hope predict death anxiety among patients with heart disease.Materials and Methods: Our sample consisted of 500 respondents who were hospitalized in a medical institution in Iran. Data were collected using the Templer Death Anxiety Scale (TDAS) and the Herth Hope Index (HHI).Results: The results of current study indicated that higher economic status, having one's main source of income from friends, increased age, increased religious belief, and increased hope were associated with lower death anxiety.Conclusion: These results highlight that improving hope, and religiosity among cardiac patients may be an effective means by which to reduce their death anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Soleimani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Nasim Bahrami
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Simin Zarabadi-Pour
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Ameneh Motalebi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Averil Parker
- Psychology Department, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yiong Huak Chan
- Biostatistics Unit, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
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Mahat-Shamir M, Hoffman Y, Pitcho-Prelorentzos S, Hamama-Raz Y, Lavenda O, Ring L, Halevi U, Ellenberg E, Ostfeld I, Ben-Ezra M. Truck attack: Fear of ISIS and reminder of truck attacks in Europe as associated with psychological distress and PTSD symptoms. Psychiatry Res 2018; 267:306-312. [PMID: 29945072 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Following an ISIS attack, the present study examined the association between psychological distress and severe stress symptoms with vulnerability variables: i.e. Physical proximity to the site of the terror attack, Associative memory of prior events, Danger perception and ISIS anxiety. Using an online survey, 397 adult participants were recruited, Seventy-two hours after an ISIS terror attack, and filled out Psychological distress Patient Health Questionnaire 4 and severe stress symptoms questionnaire as well as physical proximity to the site of the terror attack, associative memory of prior events, danger perception and ISIS anxiety scales. Physical proximity to the site of the terror attack and ISIS anxiety were found to be significantly associated of both psychological distress and severe stress symptoms. Regarding danger perception, only danger perception of terror attacks was associated with both psychological distress and with severe stress symptoms. Lastly, whereas being reminded of the 2014 Jerusalem tractor attack (tapping to association via location) was neither associated with psychological distress nor with severe stress symptom, the reminder of the truck attack in Berlin (tapping into association by recency and similarity) was associated with psychological distress but not with severe stress symptoms. The importance of the findings is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yaakov Hoffman
- Interdisciplinary Department of Social Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Lia Ring
- School of Social Work, Ariel University, Israel
| | - Uzia Halevi
- School of Social Work, Ariel University, Israel
| | - Eytan Ellenberg
- Bureau of Medical Affairs, National Insurance Institute of Israel, Israel
| | - Ishay Ostfeld
- Bureau of Medical Affairs, National Insurance Institute of Israel, Israel
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Dadfar M, Lester D, Abdel-Khalek AM, Ron P. Death Anxiety in Muslim Iranians: A Comparison Between Youths, Middle Adults, and Late Adults. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1054137318790080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to examine the levels of death anxiety between three age groups and compare gender-related differences among Iranian population. A total of 453 participants (252 college students, 55 middle-aged, and 146 old-aged) answered the Arabic Scale of Death Anxiety (ASDA). Significant differences were found between youths and old-aged samples and between middle-aged and old-aged samples on the ASDA scale. Old-aged persons showed more death anxiety than youths and middle-aged persons. There were also significant differences between men and women in total scores of the ASDA scale; men had more death anxiety than women. There were significant associations between age, gender, and death anxiety total scores. Limitations of the study include the use of a self-report scale, selection of a nongeneral nonclinical population, a Muslim religion, and an Iranian culture. Present results can be considered for psychological therapies for reducing death anxiety and pathways to death acceptance in Iranian people and for carrying out cross-cultural studies in other Asian, Arabic, Eastern, and Western countries with shared and nonshared religions and cultures in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboubeh Dadfar
- School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health-Tehran Institute of Psychiatry, International Campus, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - David Lester
- Psychology Program, Stockton University, NJ, USA
| | - Ahmed M. Abdel-Khalek
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Pnina Ron
- School of Social Work, University of Haifa, Israel
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Mahat-Shamir M, Hamama-Raz Y, Ben-Ezra M, Pitcho-Prelorentzos S, Zaken A, David UY, Bergman YS. Concern and death anxiety during an ongoing terror wave: The moderating role of direct vs. indirect exposure. DEATH STUDIES 2018; 42:195-203. [PMID: 28541786 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2017.1334010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The current study examined whether emotional concern over one's security situation is connected with death anxiety during an ongoing terror wave, and whether type of exposure (media exposure vs. contact with witnesses) moderates this connection. A total of 345 individuals, aged 18-70, were sampled during an ongoing wave of terror in Israel and filled out scales measuring death anxiety, concern over security situation, and type of exposure. Results indicated that increased concern was connected with enhanced death anxiety. Moreover, this connection was more pronounced among individuals exposed to the events through the media, in comparison with individuals who had first-hand contact with witnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Adi Zaken
- a School of Social Work , Ariel University , Ariel , Israel
| | - Udi Y David
- a School of Social Work , Ariel University , Ariel , Israel
| | - Yoav S Bergman
- a School of Social Work , Ariel University , Ariel , Israel
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14
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Mahat-Shamir M, Ring L, Hamama-Raz Y, Ben-Ezra M, Pitcho-Prelorentzos S, David UY, Zaken A, Lavenda O. Do previous experience and geographic proximity matter? Possible predictors for diagnosing Adjustment disorder vs. PTSD. Psychiatry Res 2017; 258:438-443. [PMID: 28951140 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.08.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The minority of people who have experienced a traumatic event and were diagnosed as either suffering from PTSD or from Adjustment disorder, may suggest that victims of a traumatic event vary in risk factors for the disorders. The current research aimed at examining the association between reports of Adjustment disorder and PTSD symptoms (In accordance with the proposed revisions of the ICD-11) and several vulnerability variables: previous traumatic event, previous stressful event and physical proximity to the terror attack. Using an online survey, 379 adult participants were recruited, and filled out Adjustment disorder, PTSD symptomatology scales, as well as a previous exposure, magnitude of exposure and death anxiety scales. Findings revealed that previous experience of traumatic events was a significant predictor associated with both PTSD and Adjustment disorder symptoms. Previous experience of stressful events was a significant predictor associated with Adjustment disorder alone. Physical proximity to the site of the attack was a significant predictor associated with PTSD symptoms but not Adjustment disorder symptoms. The importance of previous traumatic events, previous stressful events and physical proximity to the terror attack as factors which are associated with Adjustment disorder and PTSD symptomatology is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lia Ring
- School of Social Work, Ariel University, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Udi Y David
- School of Social Work, Ariel University, Israel
| | - Adi Zaken
- School of Social Work, Ariel University, Israel
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15
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Chung MC, AlQarni N, Al Muhairi S, Mitchell B. The relationship between trauma centrality, self-efficacy, posttraumatic stress and psychiatric co-morbidity among Syrian refugees: Is gender a moderator? J Psychiatr Res 2017; 94:107-115. [PMID: 28697422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the inter-relationship between trauma centrality, self-efficacy, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and psychiatric co-morbidity among a group of Syrian refugees living in Turkey, and whether gender would moderate the mediational effect of self-efficacy on the impact of trauma centrality on distress. Seven hundred and ninety-two Syrian refugees completed the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire, General Health Questionnaire-28, Centrality of Event Scale and Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale. The results showed that 52% met the cutoff for PTSD. Trauma centrality was positively correlated with PTSD, psychiatric co-morbidity and self-efficacy. Self-efficacy was negatively correlated with PTSD only. Gender did not moderate the mediational effect of self-efficacy on the path between trauma centrality and distress outcomes. To conclude, following exposure to traumatic events, more than half reported PTSD. Perception of the future and identity construction was affected. Signs of psychological distress were evident, alongside resilience, regardless of gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Cheung Chung
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Educational Psychology, Ho Tim Building, Faculty of Education, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong.
| | - Nowf AlQarni
- Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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16
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Chow HPH. A time to be born and a time to die: Exploring the determinants of death anxiety among university students in a western Canadian city. DEATH STUDIES 2017; 41:345-352. [PMID: 28060575 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2017.1279240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Using data collected from a questionnaire survey of 501 university students in a western Canadian city, this article explores the death anxiety among young adults and the factors influencing their levels of death anxiety. Results demonstrated that respondents displayed a moderate level of death anxiety. Multiple regression analysis further revealed that females, non-Caucasians and those who demonstrated to be less religious, indicated a higher level of loneliness, scored lower on the purpose in life scale, expressed dissatisfaction with their self-image, and reported a higher socio-economic status were found to exhibit a higher level of death anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry P H Chow
- a Department of Sociology & Social Studies , University of Regina , Regina , Saskatchewan , Canada
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17
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Depner RM, Grant PC, Byrwa DJ, Breier JM, Lodi-Smith J, Kerr CW, Luczkiewicz DL. A consensual qualitative research analysis of the experience of inmate hospice caregivers: Posttraumatic growth while incarcerated. DEATH STUDIES 2017; 41:199-210. [PMID: 27874320 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2016.1237591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A growing number of correctional facilities train inmates to provide end-of-life care for dying inmates. This study explores the phenomenological perspective of inmate-caregivers participating in an inmate-facilitated hospice program (IFHP) with regard to meaning and purpose in life, attitudes on death and dying, and perceived personal impact of participation. Twenty-two inmate-caregivers were interviewed at a maximum-security state correctional facility in the United States. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using the Consensual Qualitative Research Methodology. Results suggest that participating in an IFHP may facilitate personal growth and transformation that mirrors the tenets of posttraumatic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Depner
- a Research Department , Center for Hospice and Palliative Care , Cheektowaga , New York , USA
| | - Pei C Grant
- a Research Department , Center for Hospice and Palliative Care , Cheektowaga , New York , USA
| | - David J Byrwa
- a Research Department , Center for Hospice and Palliative Care , Cheektowaga , New York , USA
| | - Jennifer M Breier
- a Research Department , Center for Hospice and Palliative Care , Cheektowaga , New York , USA
| | | | - Christopher W Kerr
- a Research Department , Center for Hospice and Palliative Care , Cheektowaga , New York , USA
| | - Debra L Luczkiewicz
- a Research Department , Center for Hospice and Palliative Care , Cheektowaga , New York , USA
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Soleimani MA, Lehto RH, Negarandeh R, Bahrami N, Nia HS. Relationships between Death Anxiety and Quality of Life in Iranian Patients with Cancer. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs 2016; 3:183-191. [PMID: 27981157 PMCID: PMC5123493 DOI: 10.4103/2347-5625.182935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of the study was to examine relationships between death anxiety and quality of life (QOL) parameters of patients with cancer in the Iranian sociocultural context. Methods: A descriptive, correlational methodology was used. The sample included 330 patients. Demographics, health information, religious behaviors, death anxiety, and QOL data were collected. Results: Overall death anxiety levels were moderate with satisfactory overall QOL. Death anxiety was predictive of lowered QOL. Female patients had lower QOL and higher death anxiety compared to men Conclusions: Findings support that higher death anxiety negatively impacts QOL in an Iranian sample with cancer. Alleviation of existential concerns in vulnerable patients may palliate mental health distress associated with facing cancer and its challenging treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Soleimani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Rebecca H Lehto
- College of Nursing, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Reza Negarandeh
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Bahrami
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Hamid Sharif Nia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran
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Chung MC, Jones RCM, Harding SA, Campbell J. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Older Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Psychiatr Q 2016; 87:605-618. [PMID: 26687294 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-015-9413-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study explored (1) the incidence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) resulting from past trauma among older patients with COPD and (2) whether PTSD and COPD severity would relate to psychiatric co-morbidity and health-related quality of life. Eighty-five older patients completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire, the Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale and the Medical Outcomes Short Form 12. The results showed that 55, 39 and 6 % had no, partial and full-PTSD respectively. Partial least squares showed that PTSD was significantly correlated with COPD severity which in turn was significantly correlated with health-related quality of life and psychiatric co-morbidity. Mediational analysis showed that the emotional symptoms of COPD mediated between PTSD and the mental health functioning of health-related quality of life and between PTSD and depression. To conclude, PTSD from past trauma was related to the severity of COPD for older patients. In particular, it impacted on the elevated emotional arousal of COPD severity. In turn, COPD severity impacted on older patients' general psychological well-being and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Cheung Chung
- Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ho Tim Building, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong.
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Hamama-Raz Y, Mahat-Shamir M, Pitcho-Prelorentzos S, Zaken A, David UY, Ben-Ezra M, Bergman YS. The link between death anxiety and post-traumatic symptomatology during terror: Direct links and possible moderators. Psychiatry Res 2016; 245:379-386. [PMID: 27591947 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The current wave of terrorism which is taking place in Israel is characterized by increased arbitrary attacks by individual terrorists, acting independently, with reduced ability to anticipate when and where the next attack will take place. This situation creates an atmosphere of fear and insecurity in the lives of many citizens. Accordingly, the current study aims to establish a connection between death anxiety and PTSD symptom severity, as well as to examine whether major personality characteristics may moderate this connection. Using an online survey, 429 adult participants were recruited, and filled out death anxiety and PTSD symptomatology scales, as well as a short version of the Big Five personality scale. Findings revealed that death anxiety was a significant predictor of posttraumatic symptom severity, as were personality characteristics. Moreover, two personality traits, emotional stability and conscientiousness, moderated the association between death anxiety and PTSD symptomatology. The importance of death anxiety as a factor which is associated with PTSD symptomatology is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Adi Zaken
- School of Social Work, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Udi Y David
- School of Social Work, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | | | - Yoav S Bergman
- School of Social Work, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
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Chung MC, Di X, Wan KH. Exploring the interrelationship between alexithymia, defense style, emotional suppression, homicide-related posttraumatic stress disorder and psychiatric co-morbidity. Psychiatry Res 2016; 243:373-81. [PMID: 27449006 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the interrelationship between alexithymia, defense style, emotional suppression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following homicide and psychiatric co-morbidity. One hundred and fifty male homicide perpetrators and 156 male perpetrators of non-violent crime completed the Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (except for non-violent perpetrators), the General Health Questionnaire-28, the Defense Styles Questionnaire, the Courtauld Emotional Control Scale and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20. The results showed that 44% of homicide perpetrators met the criteria for PTSD. No significant differences were found between groups in alexithymia, defense style and psychiatric co-morbidity. Homicide perpetrators suppressed depression significantly more than the non-violent group. PLS analyses showed that alexithymia was significantly correlated with defense style. Defense styles were significantly correlated with emotional suppression which, in turn, was associated with homicide-related PTSD and psychiatric co-morbidity. To conclude, perpetrators can experience PTSD reactions following the act of homicide. The severity of these reactions and other psychological problems were related to difficulty getting in touch with distressing emotions, the defenses they used to protect themselves psychologically and the way they suppressed their emotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Cheung Chung
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Educational Psychology, Ho Tim Building, Faculty of Education, Shatin NT, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaohu Di
- Faculty of Law, Nanjing University, People's Republic of China
| | - King Hung Wan
- Adjunct Researcher, Institute of Crime Prevention & Control, Faculty of Law, People's Republic of China
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Sharif Nia H, Ebadi A, Lehto RH, Peyrovi H. The experience of death anxiety in Iranian war veterans: a phenomenology study. DEATH STUDIES 2015; 39:281-287. [PMID: 25561015 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2014.991956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Recognition of death anxiety experienced by patients who have survived violence and threats to life during war is of strong importance in delivery of best care for veterans experiencing health stressors. The aim of the study was to explore the death anxiety experience of veterans from the Iran-Iraq war. Using a phenomenological approach, 11 war veterans were interviewed related to death anxiety experiences. Four major themes included afterlife fears; alienated farewell; ambiguous separation; and physical dissolution. Patients who have been exposed to death trauma in the battlefield may carry added burden from unique cognitions and fears related to personal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Sharif Nia
- a Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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