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Attia H, Badr A, Alshehri O, Alsulaiman W, Alshanwani A, Alshehri S, Arafa M, Hasan I, Ali R. The Protective Effects of Vitamin B Complex on Diclofenac Sodium-Induced Nephrotoxicity: The Role of NOX4/RhoA/ROCK. Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-024-01996-6. [PMID: 38413451 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-01996-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Diclofenac sodium (DIC) is a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Unfortunately, its prolonged use is associated with nephrotoxicity due to oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. We aimed to investigate the nephroprotective effects of vitamin B complex (B1, B6, B12) against DIC-induced nephrotoxicity and its impact on NOX4/RhoA/ROCK, a pathway that plays a vital role in renal pathophysiology. Thirty-two Wistar rats were divided into four groups: (1) normal control; (2) vitamin B complex (16 mg/kg B1, 16 mg/kg B6, 0.16 mg/kg B12, intraperitoneal); (3) DIC (10 mg/kg, intramuscular); and (4) DIC plus vitamin B complex group. After 14 days, the following were assayed: serum renal biomarkers (creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, kidney injury molecule-1), oxidative stress, inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6), and fibrotic (transforming growth factor-β) markers as well as the protein levels of NOX4, RhoA, and ROCK. Structural changes, inflammatory cell infiltration, and fibrosis were detected using hematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome stains. Compared to DIC, vitamin B complex significantly decreased the renal function biomarkers, markers of oxidative stress and inflammation, and fibrotic cytokines. Glomerular and tubular damage, inflammatory infiltration, and excessive collagen accumulation were also reduced. Protein levels of NOX4, RhoA, and ROCK were significantly elevated by DIC, and this elevation was ameliorated by vitamin B complex. In conclusion, vitamin B complex administration could be a renoprotective approach during treatment with DIC via, at least in part, suppressing the NOX4/RhoA/ROCK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box: 2454, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amira Badr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box: 2454, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Orjuwan Alshehri
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waad Alsulaiman
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aliah Alshanwani
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samiyah Alshehri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box: 2454, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Arafa
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iman Hasan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box: 2454, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehab Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box: 2454, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
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Li F, Ma Z, Cai Y, Zhou J, Liu R. Optimizing diabetic kidney disease animal models: Insights from a meta-analytic approach. Animal Model Exp Med 2023; 6:433-451. [PMID: 37723622 PMCID: PMC10614131 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a prevalent complication of diabetes, often leading to end-stage renal disease. Animal models have been widely used to study the pathogenesis of DKD and evaluate potential therapies. However, current animal models often fail to fully capture the pathological characteristics of renal injury observed in clinical patients with DKD. Additionally, modeling DKD is often a time-consuming, costly, and labor-intensive process. The current review aims to summarize modeling strategies in the establishment of DKD animal models by utilizing meta-analysis related methods and to aid in the optimization of these models for future research. A total of 1215 articles were retrieved with the keywords of "diabetic kidney disease" and "animal experiment" in the past 10 years. Following screening, 84 articles were selected for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Review manager 5.4.1 was employed to analyze the changes in blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and urinary albumin excretion rate in each model. Renal lesions shown in different models that were not suitable to be included in the meta-analysis were also extensively discussed. The above analysis suggested that combining various stimuli or introducing additional renal injuries to current models would be a promising avenue to overcome existing challenges and limitations. In conclusion, our review article provides an in-depth analysis of the limitations in current DKD animal models and proposes strategies for improving the accuracy and reliability of these models that will inspire future research efforts in the DKD research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanghong Li
- School of Chinese Materia MedicaBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Zhi Ma
- School of Life SciencesBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Yajie Cai
- School of Chinese Materia MedicaBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Jingwei Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Dongzhimen HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Runping Liu
- School of Chinese Materia MedicaBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
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Sousa AS, Passos MP, Ruberti OM, Jarrete AP, Delbin MA. Evaluation of coronary function in female rats with severe type 1 diabetes: Effects of combined treatment with insulin and pyridoxamine. Microvasc Res 2023; 146:104474. [PMID: 36592817 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2022.104474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the coronary function, myocardium, and epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) in female rats with severe type 1 diabetes and the effects of combined treatment with insulin and pyridoxamine (AGEs inhibitor). METHODS Female Wistar rats were divided into groups: control (CTR, n = 13), type 1 diabetes (DM1, n = 12), type 1 diabetes treated with insulin (DM1 + INS, n = 11), and type 1 diabetes treated with insulin and pyridoxamine (DM1 + INS + PDX, n = 14). The vascular responsiveness was performed in the septal coronary artery and the protein expressions of AGE, RAGE, GPER, NF-kB was evaluated in the left ventricle (LV), as well as the reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured in LV and in EAT. We analyzed plasma levels of glucose, estradiol, Nε-carboxymethylisine (CML), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). RESULTS The maximal responses to ACh were reduced in the DM1 compared with the CTR group, accompanied by an increase in circulating glucose, CML, and TBARS. Additionally, the expression of NF-kB in LV and generation of ROS in the presence of MnTMPyP (SOD mimetic) were increased in the DM1 group compared with CTR. Only the combined treatment was effective for fully re-establish ACh relaxation response, NF-kB protein expression, ROS generation, and increased SOD activity in the DM1 + INS + PDX group. CONCLUSION The reduction of the endothelium-dependent relaxation response in the septal coronary artery of female rats with severe type 1 diabetes was normalized with the combined treatment with insulin and pyridoxamine, associated with reduced inflammation and oxidative stress in the myocardium and increased circulating antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa S Sousa
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Matheus P Passos
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Olivia M Ruberti
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline P Jarrete
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria A Delbin
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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4
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Ding X, Zhao H, Qiao C. Icariin protects podocytes from NLRP3 activation by Sesn2-induced mitophagy through the Keap1-Nrf2/HO-1 axis in diabetic nephropathy. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 99:154005. [PMID: 35247669 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Icariin (ICA) is a flavonoid extract obtained from Herba epimedii that has been proven to exert multiple pharmacological activities, including antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory activities. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the ameliorative mechanism of ICA in diabetes mellitus rats and MPC-5 cells. METHODS We administered ICA at 3 different dosages (20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, 80 mg/kg) to streptozotocin (STZ)-treated rats and (1 μM, 3 μM, 10 μM) to high glucose (HG)-treated MPC-5 cells. We also chose irbesartan (IRB) (13.5 mg/kg in rats, 1 μM in cells) as a positive control drug to evaluate the ICA pharmacological effect. After administration, the kidneys of rats and MPC-5 cells were harvested for experiments. RESULTS After 8 weeks of oral administration, we found that the physiological index was improved by ICA and IRB. The results of immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and laser confocal imaging showed that mitophagy might play a key role in ICA-induced improvement. In further research, we found that ICA could activate Nrf2, suppress NLRP3 and degrade Keap1 via Sesn2-dependant mitophagy. To verify our hypothesis, we blocked the mitophagy signalling pathway via Sesn2 siRNA. The results showed that ICA-induced NLRP3 suppression and mitophagy vanished. CONCLUSION In summary, we conclude that ICA can increase Sesn2-induced mitophagy to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation by the Keap1-Nrf2/HO-1 axis in diabetic nephropathy rats. This might be the underlying mechanism of ICA's protective effect in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuansheng Ding
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.639 Longmian Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Anhui University of Science and Technology, No.639 Longmian Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hanzhen Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.639 Longmian Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Qiao
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.639 Longmian Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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A promising antifibrotic drug, pyridoxamine attenuates thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis by combating oxidative stress, advanced glycation end products, and balancing matrix metalloproteinases. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 923:174910. [PMID: 35339478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a common chronic hepatic disease. This study was done to examine the effect of pyridoxamine against thioacetamide-induced hepatic fibrosis. Animals were divided into four groups (1) control group; (2) Thioacetamide group (200 mg/kg, i.p.) twice a week for eight weeks; (3) Pyridoxamine-treated group treated with pyridoxamine (100 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for eight weeks; (4) Thioacetamide and pyridoxamine group, in which pyridoxamine was given (100 mg/kg/day, i.p.) during thioacetamide injections. Thioacetamide treatment resulted in hepatic dysfunction manifested by increased serum levels of bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Oxidative stress was noted by increased hepatic lipid peroxidation and decreased glutathione (GSH). Increased concentrations of total nitrite/nitrate, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2&9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) were noticed in hepatic tissues. Immunostaining sections also revealed overexpression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and collagen IV. Liver fibrosis was confirmed by severe histopathological changes. Pyridoxamine improved the assessed parameters. Moreover, histopathological and immunohistological studies supported the ability of pyridoxamine to reduce liver fibrosis. The findings of the present study provide evidence that pyridoxamine is a novel target for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Zhang X, Xu L, Chen W, Yu X, Shen L, Huang Y. Pyridoxamine alleviates mechanical allodynia by suppressing the spinal receptor for advanced glycation end product-nuclear factor- κB/extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway in diabetic rats. Mol Pain 2021; 16:1744806920917251. [PMID: 32252594 PMCID: PMC7139183 DOI: 10.1177/1744806920917251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathic pain is a common complication of diabetes mellitus and
requires a substantial amount of societal resources. Pyridoxamine is an
inhibitor of advanced glycation and lipoxidation end products. Several animal
and clinical studies have confirmed that pyridoxamine can inhibit a range of
pathological changes in diabetes-induced organ injury and alleviate certain
kinds of neuropathic pain. However, no studies have attempted to explore the
effects of pyridoxamine on diabetic neuropathic pain. We conducted animal
experiments to examine whether pyridoxamine could alleviate diabetic neuropathic
pain and to explore the mechanism underlying these effects. Adult male Sprague
Dawley rats were randomly assigned to the normal + sterile water group,
diabetic + sterile water group, diabetic + pyridoxamine100 group,
diabetic +pyridoxamine200 group,
diabetic + pyridoxamine400 group, or normal + pyridoxamine group.
The rats in the diabetic +pyridoxamine100,
diabetic + pyridoxamine200,
diabetic + pyridoxamine400, and normal + pyridoxamine groups received
pyridoxamine at dosages of 100 mg/kg/day, 200 mg/kg/day, 400 mg/kg/day, and
400 mg/kg/day, respectively, via intragastric administration. The rats in the
other groups received water daily. Pyridoxamine alleviated diabetic neuropathic
pain at least partially by suppressing the activity of the spinal receptor for
advanced glycation end products-nuclear factor-κB/extracellular signal-regulated
kinase signaling pathway; additionally, pyridoxamine decreased advanced
glycation end product-modified low-density lipoprotein, oxidized low-density
lipoprotein, and interleukin-1β levels in the serum. The immunofluorescence
staining results revealed that most phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB was
localized to neuronal cells and not to microglia or astrocytes; this pattern may
be associated with the upregulated expression of pain-related proteins. The
abovementioned results indicate that pyridoxamine is a promising choice for the
clinical treatment of diabetic neuropathic pain. Further investigations need to
be carried out to confirm the benefits of pyridoxamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Weiyun Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Xuerong Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Le Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Yuguang Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, China
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7
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Kumrungsee T, Zhang P, Chartkul M, Yanaka N, Kato N. Potential Role of Vitamin B6 in Ameliorating the Severity of COVID-19 and Its Complications. Front Nutr 2020; 7:562051. [PMID: 33195363 PMCID: PMC7658555 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.562051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peipei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine and School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Maesaya Chartkul
- Emergency Department, Bangkok Chanthaburi Hospital, Chanthaburi, Thailand
- Emergency Department, King Prajadhipok Memorial Hospital, Chanthaburi, Thailand
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Noriyuki Yanaka
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Norihisa Kato
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
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8
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Wang Y, Li Y, Yang Z, Wang Z, Chang J, Zhang T, Chi Y, Han N, Zhao K. Pyridoxamine Treatment of HK-2 Human Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells Reduces Oxidative Stress and the Inhibition of Autophagy Induced by High Glucose Levels. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:1480-1488. [PMID: 30799433 PMCID: PMC6400021 DOI: 10.12659/msm.914799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic nephropathy is a predominant cause of renal failure, which is an important chronic complication of diabetes. Pyridoxamine (PM) has been reported to protect renal tubular epithelial cells against oxidative damage and delay or inhibit the development and generation of glucose-induced renal insufficiency at the early stage of disease. In this study, we attempted to explore the protection mechanism of PM on human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2 cells) induced by high glucose. Material/Methods HK-2 cells were cultivated by high glucose medium in the absence or presence of PM. Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to investigate the most appropriate drug concentration of PM by detecting the cell viability of HK-2 cells. The expression of autophagy-related protein Beclin-1, LC-3II, and p62 was measured by western blot analysis, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and immunofluorescence. The expression and localization of Beclin-1 and p62 were also detected via immunofluorescence. The intracellular reactive oxygen species generation was detected using the reactive oxygen species assay kit. The effects of PM on antioxidant defenses were evaluated with glutathione peroxidase (GPx), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activity, and glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) ratio. Results High glucose levels were able to upregulate the expression of oxidative stress associated protein and inhibit autophagy-associated changes verified by western blotting, RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence. Administration of PM reversed the high glucose-induced low-expressed Beclin-1 and LC-3II, and overexpressed p62 and intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. Furthermore, non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses and enzymatic antioxidant defenses were turned on by the application of PM. Conclusions Treatment with PM could reverse high glucose-induced inhibition of autophagy and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland).,Department of Nephrology, Bayannur City Hospital, Bayannaoer, Inner Mongolia, China (mainland)
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Zhiping Yang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Bayannur City Hospital, Bayannaoer, Inner Mongolia, China (mainland)
| | - Ziqiang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Cangzhou People's Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Jiang Chang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Bayannur City Hospital, Bayannaoer, Inner Mongolia, China (mainland)
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Yanqing Chi
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Ning Han
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Kunxiao Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
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9
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Nyman JS, Uppuganti S, Unal M, Leverant CJ, Adabala S, Granke M, Voziyan P, Does MD. Manipulating the Amount and Structure of the Organic Matrix Affects the Water Compartments of Human Cortical Bone. JBMR Plus 2019; 3:e10135. [PMID: 31346566 PMCID: PMC6636778 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Being predictors of the mechanical properties of human cortical bone, bound and pore water measurements by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging are being developed for the clinical assessment of fracture risk. While pore water is a surrogate of cortical bone porosity, the determinants of bound water are unknown. Manipulation of organic matrix properties by oxidative deproteinization, thermal denaturation, or nonenzymatic glycation lowers bone toughness. Because bound water contributes to bone toughness, we hypothesized that each of these matrix manipulations affect bound water fraction (Vbw/Vbone). Immersing cadaveric bone samples in sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) for 96 hours did not affect tissue mineral density or cortical porosity, but rather decreased Vbw/Vbone and increased short‐T2 pore water signals as determined by 1H nuclear MR relaxometry (1H NMR). Moreover, the post treatment Vbw/Vbone linearly correlated with the remaining weight fraction of the organic matrix. Heating bone samples at 110°C, 120°C, 130°C, and then 140°C (∼24 hours per temperature and rehydration for ∼24 hours before 1H NMR analysis) did not affect Vbw/Vbone. After subsequently heating them at 200°C, Vbw/Vbone increased. Boiling bone samples followed by heating at 110°C, 120°C, and then 130°C in water under pressure (8 hours per temperature) had a similar effect on Vbw/Vbone. Raman spectroscopy analysis confirmed that the increase in Vbw/Vbone coincided with an increase in an Amide I subpeak ratio that is sensitive to changes in the helical structure of collagen I. Glycation of bone by ribose for 4 weeks, but not in glucose for 16 weeks, decreased Vbw/Vbone, although the effect was less pronounced than that of oxidative deproteinization or thermal denaturation. We propose that MR measurements of bound water reflect the amount of bone organic matrix and can be modulated by collagen I helicity and by sugar‐derived post translational modifications of the matrix. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffry S Nyman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System Nashville TN USA
| | - Sasidhar Uppuganti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
| | - Mustafa Unal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
| | - Calen J Leverant
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA
| | - Saahit Adabala
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
| | - Mathilde Granke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
| | - Paul Voziyan
- Department of Medicine Division of Nephrology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
| | - Mark D Does
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA.,Department of Electrical Engineering Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA
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10
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Sharma I, Tupe RS, Wallner AK, Kanwar YS. Contribution of myo-inositol oxygenase in AGE:RAGE-mediated renal tubulointerstitial injury in the context of diabetic nephropathy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 314:F107-F121. [PMID: 28931523 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00434.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) play a role in pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Myo-inositol oxygenase (MIOX) has been implicated in tubulointerstitial injury in the context of DN. We investigated the effect of AGEs on MIOX expression and delineated mechanisms that lead to tubulointerstitial injury. The status of MIOX, RAGE, and relevant cellular signaling pathways activated following AGE:RAGE interaction was examined in tubular cells and kidneys of AGE-BSA-treated mice. A solid-phase assay revealed an enhanced binding of RAGE with AGE-BSA, AGE-laminin, and AGE-collagen IV. The cells treated with AGE-BSA had increased MIOX activity/expression and promoter activity. This was associated with activation of various signaling kinases of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT pathway and increased expression of NF-κB, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, and fibronectin, which was negated with the treatment of MIOX/RAGE- small interfering (si) RNA. Concomitant with MIOX upregulation, there was an increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which could be abrogated with MIOX/RAGE- siRNA treatment. The kidneys of mice treated with AGE-BSA had significantly high urinary A/C ratio, upregulation of MIOX, RAGE and NF-κB, along with influx of monocytes into the tubulointerstitium, increased the expression of MCP-1, IL-6, and fibronectin and increased the generation of ROS. Such perturbations were abrogated with the concomitant treatment of inhibitors MIOX or RAGE (d-glucarate and FPS-ZM1). These studies support a role of AGE:RAGE interaction in the activation of PI3K-AKT pathway and upregulation of MIOX, with excessive generation of ROS, increased expression of NF-κB, inflammatory cytokines, TGF-β, and fibronectin. Collectively, these observations highlight the relevance of the biology of MIOX in the contribution toward tubulointerstitial injury in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Sharma
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rashmi S Tupe
- Biochemical Sciences Division, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of IT and Biotechnology, Bharati Vidyapeeth University , Pune , India
| | - Aryana K Wallner
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yashpal S Kanwar
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois
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11
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Shi JX, Wang QJ, Li H, Huang Q. SIRT4 overexpression protects against diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting podocyte apoptosis. Exp Ther Med 2016; 13:342-348. [PMID: 28123512 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is a diabetic complication associated with capillary damage and increased mortality. Sirtuin 4 (SIRT4) plays an important role in mitochondrial function and the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, including aging kidneys. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between SIRT4 and diabetic nephropathy in a glucose-induced mouse podocyte model. A CCK-8 assay showed that glucose simulation significantly inhibited podocyte proliferation in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis showed that the mRNA and protein levels of SIRT4 were notably decreased in a concentration-dependent manner in glucose-simulated podocytes. However, SIRT4 overexpression increased proliferation and suppressed apoptosis, which was accompanied by increases in mitochondrial membrane potential and reduced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Notably, SIRT4 overexpression downregulated the expression of apoptosis-related proteins NOX1, Bax and phosphorylated p38 and upregulated the expression of Bcl-2 in glucose-simulated podocytes. In addition, SIRT4 overexpression significantly attenuated the inflammatory response, indicated by reductions in the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. These results demonstrate for the first time that the overexpression of SIRT4 prevents glucose-induced podocyte apoptosis and ROS production and suggest that podocyte apoptosis represents an early pathological mechanism leading to diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Xia Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Jin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is currently well established as the most common cause of end-stage renal disease in most parts of the world. Notwithstanding the expanding basic and clinical research in this field, the pathogenesis remains far from clear and hence the treatment of DN remains suboptimal. There is a critical need for the development of newer therapeutic strategies including alternative and complementary therapies. One of the natural products that was extensively studied in cancer and other chronic disease states such as diabetes is curcumin, an active ingredient in turmeric, a spice extensively used in India. In this manuscript, we present a critical review of the experimental and clinical evidence that supports the use of curcumin and its analogs in DN as well as the various proposed mechanisms for its biological actions in health and disease states.
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Lytvyn Y, Bjornstad P, Pun N, Cherney DZI. New and old agents in the management of diabetic nephropathy. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2016; 25:232-9. [PMID: 26890303 PMCID: PMC5841607 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Diabetic nephropathy is a long-standing complication of diabetes mellitus and is responsible for more than 40% of end-stage renal disease cases in developed countries. Unfortunately, conventional renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitor medications only partially protect against the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy. Moreover, RAAS inhibitors have failed as primary prevention therapy in type 1 diabetes. Thus, agents targeting alternative pathogenic mechanisms leading to diabetic nephropathy have been intensively investigated, which is the topic of this review. RECENT FINDINGS Promising emerging agents have targeted neurohormonal activation (alternative components of the RAAS and neprilysin inhibition), tubuloglomerular feedback mechanisms (sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition and incretin-based therapy) and renal inflammation/fibrosis. SUMMARY Evidence demonstrating the potential of these agents to protect and prevent progression of diabetic nephropathy is summarized in this review. There are dedicated clinical trials ongoing with these therapies, which have the potential to change the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Lytvyn
- aDivision of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network bDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada cDepartment of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine dBarbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA *Drs Lytvyn, Bjornstad and Pun are the co-first authors of the article
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Singh VP, Bali A, Singh N, Jaggi AS. Advanced glycation end products and diabetic complications. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 18:1-14. [PMID: 24634591 PMCID: PMC3951818 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2014.18.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 848] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During long standing hyperglycaemic state in diabetes mellitus, glucose forms covalent adducts with the plasma proteins through a non-enzymatic process known as glycation. Protein glycation and formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications like retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, cardiomyopathy along with some other diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis and aging. Glycation of proteins interferes with their normal functions by disrupting molecular conformation, altering enzymatic activity, and interfering with receptor functioning. AGEs form intra- and extracellular cross linking not only with proteins, but with some other endogenous key molecules including lipids and nucleic acids to contribute in the development of diabetic complications. Recent studies suggest that AGEs interact with plasma membrane localized receptors for AGEs (RAGE) to alter intracellular signaling, gene expression, release of pro-inflammatory molecules and free radicals. The present review discusses the glycation of plasma proteins such as albumin, fibrinogen, globulins and collagen to form different types of AGEs. Furthermore, the role of AGEs in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications including retinopathy, cataract, neuropathy, nephropathy and cardiomyopathy is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Parkash Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala-147002, India
| | - Anjana Bali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala-147002, India
| | - Nirmal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala-147002, India
| | - Amteshwar Singh Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala-147002, India
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Singh VP, Bali A, Singh N, Jaggi AS. Advanced glycation end products and diabetic complications. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2014. [PMID: 24634591 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During long standing hyperglycaemic state in diabetes mellitus, glucose forms covalent adducts with the plasma proteins through a non-enzymatic process known as glycation. Protein glycation and formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications like retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, cardiomyopathy along with some other diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis and aging. Glycation of proteins interferes with their normal functions by disrupting molecular conformation, altering enzymatic activity, and interfering with receptor functioning. AGEs form intra- and extracellular cross linking not only with proteins, but with some other endogenous key molecules including lipids and nucleic acids to contribute in the development of diabetic complications. Recent studies suggest that AGEs interact with plasma membrane localized receptors for AGEs (RAGE) to alter intracellular signaling, gene expression, release of pro-inflammatory molecules and free radicals. The present review discusses the glycation of plasma proteins such as albumin, fibrinogen, globulins and collagen to form different types of AGEs. Furthermore, the role of AGEs in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications including retinopathy, cataract, neuropathy, nephropathy and cardiomyopathy is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Parkash Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala-147002, India
| | - Anjana Bali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala-147002, India
| | - Nirmal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala-147002, India
| | - Amteshwar Singh Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala-147002, India
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