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Yang Z, Chen X, Yu M, Jing R, Bao L, Zhao X, Pan K, Chao B, Qu M. Metagenomic sequencing identified microbial species in the rumen and cecum microbiome responsible for niacin treatment and related to intramuscular fat content in finishing cattle. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1334068. [PMID: 38529181 PMCID: PMC10961399 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1334068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Niacin is one of the essential vitamins for mammals. It plays important roles in maintaining rumen microecological homeostasis. Our previous study indicated that dietary niacin significantly elevated intramuscular fat content (IMF) in castrated finishing steers. Whether niacin affects fat deposition by regulating the microbial composition and functional capacities of gastrointestinal microbiome has been unknown yet. Methods In this study, 16 castrated Xiangzhong Black cattle were randomly assigned into either control group fed with a basal concentrate diet (n = 8) or niacin group fed with a basal concentrate diet added 1000 mg/kg niacin (n = 8). Seven rumen samples and five cecum content samples were randomly collected from each of control and niacin groups for metagenomic sequencing analysis. Results A total of 2,981,786 non-redundant microbial genes were obtained from all tested samples. Based on this, the phylogenetic compositions of the rumen and cecum microbiome were characterized. We found that bacteria dominated the rumen and cecum microbiome. Prevotella ruminicola and Ruminococcus flavefaciens were the most abundant bacterial species in the rumen microbiome, while Clostridiales bacterium and Eubacterium rectale were predominant bacterial species in the cecum microbiome. Rumen microbiome had significantly higher abundances of GHs, GTs, and PLs, while cecum microbiome was enriched by CBMs and AAs. We found a significant effect of dietary niacin on rumen microbiome, but not on cecum microbiome. Dietary niacin up-regulated the abundances of bacterial species producing lactic acid and butyrate, fermenting lactic acid, and participating in lipid hydrolysis, and degradation and assimilation of nitrogen-containing compounds, but down-regulated the abundances of several pathogens and bacterial species involved in the metabolism of proteins and peptides, and methane emissions. From the correlation analysis, we suggested that niacin improved nutrient digestion and absorption, but reduced energy loss, and Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation of rumen microbiome, which resulted in the increased host IMF. Conclusion The results suggested that dietary manipulation, such as the supplementation of niacin, should be regarded as the effective and convenient way to improve IMF of castrated finishing steers by regulating rumen microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuqing Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mingjin Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ruixue Jing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Linbin Bao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of Guangchang County, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xianghui Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ke Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bihui Chao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mingren Qu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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Yang Z, Bao L, Song W, Zhao X, Liang H, Yu M, Qu M. Nicotinic acid changes rumen fermentation and apparent nutrient digestibility by regulating rumen microbiota in Xiangzhong black cattle. Anim Biosci 2024; 37:240-252. [PMID: 37905319 PMCID: PMC10766483 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of dietary nicotinic acid (NA) on apparent nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, and rumen microbiota in uncastrated Xiangzhong black cattle. METHODS Twenty-one uncastrated Xiangzhong black cattle (385.08±15.20 kg) aged 1.5 years were randomly assigned to the control group (CL, 0 mg/kg NA in concentrate diet), NA1 group (800 mg/kg NA in concentrate diet) and NA2 group (1,200 mg/kg NA in concentrate diet). All animals were fed a 60% concentrate diet and 40% dried rice straw for a 120-day feeding experiment. RESULTS Supplemental NA not only enhanced the apparent nutrient digestibility of acid detergent fiber (p<0.01), but also elevated the rumen acetate and total volatile fatty acid concentrations (p<0.05). 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis of rumen microbiota revealed that dietary NA changed the diversity of rumen microbiota (p<0.05) and the abundance of bacterial taxa in the rumen. The relative abundances of eight Erysipelotrichales taxa, five Ruminococcaceae taxa, and five Sphaerochaetales taxa were decreased by dietary NA (p< 0.05). However, the relative abundances of two taxa belonging to Roseburia faecis were increased by supplemental 800 mg/kg NA, and the abundances of seven Prevotella taxa, three Paraprevotellaceae taxa, three Bifidobacteriaceae taxa, and two operational taxonomic units annotated to Fibrobacter succinogenes were increased by 1,200 mg/kg NA in diets. Furthermore, the correlation analysis found significant correlations between the concentrations of volatile fatty acids in the rumen and the abundances of bacterial taxa, especially Prevotella. CONCLUSION The results from this study suggest that dietary NA plays an important role in regulating apparent digestibility of acid detergent fiber, acetate, total volatile fatty acid concentrations, and the composition of rumen microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuqing Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045,
China
| | - Linbin Bao
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of Guangchang County, Fuzhou, Jiangxi, 344900,
China
| | - Wanming Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045,
China
| | - Xianghui Zhao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045,
China
| | - Huan Liang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045,
China
| | - Mingjin Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045,
China
| | - Mingren Qu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045,
China
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Yamada T. Intramuscular adipogenesis in cattle: Effects of body fat distribution and macrophage infiltration. Anim Sci J 2022; 93:e13785. [PMID: 36443236 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ectopic fat is defined by the deposition of adipose tissue within non-adipose tissue such as skeletal muscle. Japanese Black cattle (Wagyu) are characterized by the ability to accumulate high amounts of intramuscular adipose tissue. Obese conditions enhance the accumulation of ectopic fat. This review shows the effects of subcutaneous and visceral fat distribution on Wagyu intramuscular adipogenesis. Obese conditions also stimulate the macrophage infiltration into adipose tissues. Adipose tissue macrophages have reported to regulate adipose tissue growth and ectopic fat accumulation in humans and rodents. Wagyu is characterized by the higher capacity for intramuscular adipogenesis than Holsteins. This review discusses the depot-specific effects of macrophage infiltration among subcutaneous, visceral, and intramuscular adipose tissue on intramuscular adipogenesis in Wagyu and Holstein cattle. Recently, metabolome analysis has been used to identify obesity-related biomarkers by comparing the biological samples between lean and obese patients. This review introduces the metabolomic profiles of plasma and intramuscular adipose tissue between Wagyu and Holsteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Yamada
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Oda Shimane Japan
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Effects of dietary nicotinic acid supplementation on meat quality, carcass characteristics, lipid metabolism, and tibia parameters of Wulong geese. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101430. [PMID: 34525445 PMCID: PMC8445892 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of nicotinic acid (NA) supplementation on the meat quality, carcass characteristics, lipid metabolism, and tibia parameters in Wulong geese. A total of 360 twenty-nine-day-old Wulong geese were randomly divided into 6 treatments, and each treatment included 6 pens with 10 birds per pen. Birds were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, or 100 mg/kg NA for 12 wk. Dietary NA supplementation linearly decreased L* value and increased pH and water-holding capacity in the breast muscle (P < 0.05). Increasing NA levels linearly and quadratically decreased shear force of breast muscle (P < 0.001). Dietary NA supplementation linearly reduced the thickness of subcutaneous fat plus the skin and percentage of abdominal fat, and enhanced the width of intermuscular fat band (P < 0.001). Dietary NA addition linearly and quadratically increased intramuscular fat (IMF) content (P ≤ 0.001). Increasing NA levels decreased serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and increased serum lipase activity and hepatic mRNA expression of lipoprotein lipase in a linear manner (P < 0.05). There were linear and quadratic effects in serum triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and malate dehydrogenase activity with the NA addition (P < 0.05). Feeding the NA-supplemented-diets linearly increased tibia length, circumference, fat-free dry weight, and ash content (P < 0.001). There were linear and quadratic increases in Ca and P contents with the NA supplementation (P < 0.05). According to the quadratic regression analyses fitted to shear force, IMF content, serum triglycerides and HDL-C levels, and tibial Ca and P contents, the optimal dietary NA supplementation was 80 to 90 mg/kg. In conclusion, NA addition enhanced meat quality and IMF content, regulated lipid metabolism, and increased tibia quality of Wulong geese. The dosage of 80 mg/kg NA in Wulong geese aged 5 to 16 wk was recommended.
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Ahmadian A, Bouyeh M, Seidavi A. A review of the effects of niacin on broiler productivity. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2021.1959275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Ahmadian
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - M. Bouyeh
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - A.R. Seidavi
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
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Yang Z, Zhao X, Xiong X, Bao L, Pan K, Zhou S, Wen L, Xu L, Qu M. Uncovering the mechanism whereby dietary nicotinic acid increases the intramuscular fat content in finishing steers by RNA sequencing analysis. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/an18205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In our previous study, we found that a higher dosage of nicotinic acid (NA) in the diet dramatically increases intramuscular fat (IMF) content and improves meat quality in finishing steers. We hypothesised that increased IMF results from the regulation of genes associated with adipogenesis. To address this hypothesis, RNA-seq was used to investigate gene-expression profiles of longissimus muscles from the same 16 cattle that were also used in our previous study and treated with or without dietary NA. Four cDNA libraries were constructed and sequenced. The repeatability and reproducibility of RNA-seq data were confirmed by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase-chain reaction. In total, 123 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between longissimus muscles treated and those not treated with dietary NA. Of the 123 DEGs, 117 genes were upregulated by the NA treatment. These DEGs were enriched in 21 pathways, including the extracellular matrix (ECM) –receptor interaction, PPAR signalling pathway, adipocytokine signalling pathway and transforming growth factor-β signalling pathway, all of which are associated with lipid metabolism. Furthermore, candidate genes related to adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis (PLIN1, PLIN2, ADPN, LEP, LCN2 and SOCS3), lipid metabolism (FABP4, RBP4, GAL, ANXA1, ANXA2 and PTX3) and fatty acid synthesis and esterification (ELOVL6, ACSM1, SOT1 and PTGIS) were upregulated in the NA group. Three genes involved in glucose metabolism (PGAM1, UGDH and GLUT3) were also transcriptionally upregulated. However, MYH4 that encodes glycolytic Type IIb muscle fibres was downregulated by dietary NA. These gene expression results indicated a confirmation of our hypothesis that dietary NA increases the IMF content of longissimus muscle through upregulating the expression of the genes related to adipocyte differentiation, adipogenesis and lipid and glucose metabolism.
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Adebowale TO, Liu H, Oso AO, Oke OE, Hussain T, Bamgbose AM, Yao K, Yulong Y. Effect of dietary niacin supplementation on performance, total tract nutrient retention, carcass yield and meat lipid profile of growing turkeys. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/an17806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A study was conducted to investigate the influence of dietary high or recommended nicotinic acid (niacin) supplementation on growth performance, total tract nutrient digestibility, hematology, serum chemistry, and lipoprotein concentrations in the serum and meat of growing turkeys. Turkeys were assigned to three treatments on weight equalisation basis with five replicates of eight turkeys in each group. Experimental diets were: no supplemental niacin (Control), a diet supplemented with 60 mg/kg niacin termed as recommended niacin supplementation and a diet supplemented with 180 mg/kg niacin termed as high niacin supplementation (HNS). The experiment lasted for the grower (Day 56–84) and finisher phases (Day 84–112) of the birds. Dietary inclusion of HNS increased (P < 0.01) bodyweight gain, metabolisable energy (Days 84 and 112), dressing percentage and retail cut parts of turkeys (Day 112) in relation to the Control-fed turkeys. Furthermore, least white blood cell count and higher concentrations of packed cell volume, red blood cells and hemoglobin (P < 0.01) were found in turkeys fed HNS on Days 84 and 112. Similarly, turkeys in the HNS group had improved serum constituents including serum protein, uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphate. The blood and meat lipid profile analysis showed that low density lipoprotein and total cholesterol were least (P < 0.05) in turkeys fed HNS. Collectively, dietary high supplementation of niacin (180 mg/kg) improves production performances, reduces serum and meat fat content and improve indicators of stress resistance ability in growing turkeys.
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Effect of Dietary Niacin Supplementation on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Hematology, and Lipoprotein Concentrations of Young Turkeys, Meleagris gallopavo. J Poult Sci 2019; 56:112-119. [PMID: 32055205 PMCID: PMC7005404 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0170212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth performance, nutrient digestibility, hematology, serum chemistry, and lipoprotein concentrations of turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) poults fed diets supplemented with high or recommended concentrations of niacin were investigated in this study. A total of 120 four-week-old turkey poults were randomly divided into three treatment groups with five replicates of eight birds in each group. The poult diets were supplemented with 0.0, 60, and 180 mg/kg niacin in the three treatments, termed control, recommended niacin supplementation (RNS), and high niacin supplementation (HNS), respectively. The study lasted for four weeks. The results showed that the HNS treatment reduced the feed intake and increased the body weight gain of poults. The apparent, nitrogen-corrected, and true metabolizable energy contents were the highest in the HNS-group turkey poults (P<0.05). The red and white blood cell counts and hemoglobin concentration of the turkeys improved with increasing niacin supplementation (P<0.01). The serum constituents, including the serum protein and globulin, were significantly increased (P<0.05), while the uric acid and creatinine contents were significantly reduced in the HNS-group turkeys. Similarly, the HNS-group turkeys exhibited significantly reduced alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) contents, while the RNS-group turkeys had the least aspartate aminotransferase (AST) content. In addition, the HNS-group turkeys had the least serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride, and total cholesterol concentrations and the highest serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (P<0.01) concentrations. In conclusion, the supplementation of 180 mg/kg niacin in the diet reduced the feed intake and serum ALT, ALP, LDL, triglyceride, and cholesterol contents and increased the body weight gain, metabolizable energy, and HDL concentration in turkeys. This study showed that niacin supplementation could reduce the fat content without compromising the body weight gain and increase stress resistance in turkey poults.
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