1
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Mach N. The forecasting power of the mucin-microbiome interplay in livestock respiratory diseases. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-18. [PMID: 38606662 PMCID: PMC11018052 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2340003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Complex respiratory diseases are a significant challenge for the livestock industry worldwide. These diseases considerably impact animal health and welfare and cause severe economic losses. One of the first lines of pathogen defense combines the respiratory tract mucus, a highly viscous material primarily composed of mucins, and a thriving multi-kingdom microbial ecosystem. The microbiome-mucin interplay protects from unwanted substances and organisms, but its dysfunction may enable pathogenic infections and the onset of respiratory disease. Emerging evidence also shows that noncoding regulatory RNAs might modulate the structure and function of the microbiome-mucin relationship. This opinion paper unearths the current understanding of the triangular relationship between mucins, the microbiome, and noncoding RNAs in the context of respiratory infections in animals of veterinary interest. There is a need to look at these molecular underpinnings that dictate distinct health and disease outcomes to implement effective prevention, surveillance, and timely intervention strategies tailored to the different epidemiological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Mach
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
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2
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Ma S, Liu L, Eggink D, Herfst S, Fouchier RAM, de Vries RP, Boons GJ. Asymmetrical Biantennary Glycans Prepared by a Stop-and-Go Strategy Reveal Receptor Binding Evolution of Human Influenza A Viruses. JACS AU 2024; 4:607-618. [PMID: 38425896 PMCID: PMC10900492 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Glycan binding properties of respiratory viruses have been difficult to probe due to a lack of biologically relevant glycans for binding studies. Here, a stop-and-go chemoenzymatic methodology is presented that gave access to a panel of 32 asymmetrical biantennary N-glycans having various numbers of N-acetyl lactosamine (LacNAc) repeating units capped by α2,3- or α2,6-sialosides resembling structures found in airway tissues. It exploits that the branching enzymes MGAT1 and MGAT2 can utilize unnatural UDP-2-deoxy-2-trifluoro-N-acetamido-glucose (UDP-GlcNTFA) as donor. The TFA moiety of the resulting glycans can be hydrolyzed to give GlcNH2 at one of the antennae, which temporarily blocks extension by glycosyl transferases. The N-glycans were printed as a microarray that was probed for receptor binding specificities of the evolutionary distinct human A(H3N2) and A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. It was found that not only the sialoside type but also the length of the LacNAc chain and presentation at the α1,3-antenna of N-glycans are critical for binding. Early A(H3N2) viruses bound to 2,6-sialosides at a single LacNAc moiety at the α1,3-antenna whereas later viruses required the sialoside to be presented at a tri-LacNAc moiety. Surprisingly, most of the A(H3N2) viruses that appeared after 2021 regained binding capacity to sialosides presented at a di-LacNAc moiety. As a result, these viruses again agglutinate erythrocytes, commonly employed for antigenic characterization of influenza viruses. Human A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses have similar receptor binding properties as recent A(H3N2) viruses. The data indicate that an asymmetric N-glycan having 2,6-sialoside at a di-LacNAc moiety is a commonly employed receptor by human influenza A viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhou Ma
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Lin Liu
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Dirk Eggink
- Amsterdam
UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department
of Medical Microbiology and Infection prevention, Laboratory of Applied
Evolutionary Biology, 1105
AZ Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
- Center
for Infectious Disease Control, National
Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Herfst
- Department
of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical
Center, 3015 CD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron A. M. Fouchier
- Department
of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical
Center, 3015 CD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert P. de Vries
- Department
of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department
of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Bijvoet
Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht
University, Padualaan
8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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3
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Ma S, Liu L, Eggink D, Herfst S, Fouchier RAM, de Vries RP, Boons GJ. Asymmetrical Bi-antennary Glycans Prepared by a Stop-and-Go Strategy Reveal Receptor Binding Evolution of Human Influenza A Viruses. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.08.566285. [PMID: 37986780 PMCID: PMC10659364 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.08.566285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Glycan binding properties of respiratory viruses have been difficult to probe due to a lack of biological relevant glycans for binding studies. Here, a stop-and-go chemoenzymatic methodology is presented that gave access to a panel of 32 asymmetrical bi-antennary N-glycans having various numbers of N-acetyl lactosamine (LacNAc) repeating units capped by α2,3- or α2,6-sialosides resembling structures found in airway tissues. It exploits that the branching enzymes MGAT1 and MGAT2 can utilize unnatural UDP-2-deoxy-2-trifluoro-N-acetamido-glucose (UDP-GlcNTFA) as donor. The TFA moiety of the resulting glycans can be hydrolyzed to give GlcNH2 at one of the antennae that temporarily blocks extension by glycosyl transferases. The N-glycans were printed as a microarray that was probed for receptor binding specificities of evolutionary distinct human A(H3N2) and A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. It was found that not only the sialoside type but also the length of the LacNAc chain and presentation at the α1,3-antenna of N-glycans is critical for binding. Early A(H3N2) viruses bound to 2,6-sialosides at a single LacNAc moiety at the α1,3-antenna whereas later viruses required the sialoside to be presented at a tri-LacNAc moiety. Surprisingly, most of the A(H3N2) viruses that appeared after 2021 regained binding capacity to sialosides presented at a di-LacNAc moiety. As a result, these viruses agglutinate erythrocytes again, commonly employed for antigenic characterization of influenza viruses. Human A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses have similar receptor binding properties as recent A(H3N2) viruses. The data indicates that an asymmetric N-glycan having 2,6-sialoside at a di-LacNAc moiety is a commonly employed receptor by human influenza A viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhou Ma
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Lin Liu
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Dirk Eggink
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection prevention, Laboratory of Applied Evolutionary Biology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Herfst
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron A M Fouchier
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert P de Vries
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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4
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Mastrotto F, Pirazzini M, Negro S, Salama A, Martinez-Pomares L, Mantovani G. Sulfation at Glycopolymer Side Chains Switches Activity at the Macrophage Mannose Receptor (CD206) In Vitro and In Vivo. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:23134-23147. [PMID: 36472883 PMCID: PMC9782796 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mannose receptor (CD206) is an endocytic receptor expressed by selected innate immune cells and nonvascular endothelium, which plays a critical role in both homeostasis and pathogen recognition. Although its involvement in the development of several diseases and viral infections is well established, molecular tools able to both provide insight on the chemistry of CD206-ligand interactions and, importantly, effectively modulate its activity are currently lacking. Using novel SO4-3-Gal-glycopolymers targeting its cysteine-rich lectin ectodomain, this study uncovers and elucidates a previously unknown mechanism of CD206 blockade involving the formation of stable intracellular SO4-3-Gal-glycopolymer-CD206 complexes that prevents receptor recycling to the cell membrane. Further, we show that SO4-3-Gal glycopolymers inhibit CD206 both in vitro and in vivo, revealing hitherto unknown receptor function and demonstrating their potential as CD206 modulators within future immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Mastrotto
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 5, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Marco Pirazzini
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Samuele Negro
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Alan Salama
- Department
of Renal Medicine, University College London, London NW3 2PF, U.K.
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5
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de Saint Aulaire P, Hoogenboom J, Uiterweerd MT, Zuilhof H, Wennekes T. Synthetic Strategy towards a Carbocyclic N‐Acetylneuraminic Acid. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pieter de Saint Aulaire
- Utrecht University Faculty of Science: Universiteit Utrecht Faculteit Betawetenschappen Pharmaceutical Sciences NETHERLANDS
| | - Jorin Hoogenboom
- Wageningen UR: Wageningen University & Research Laboratory of Organic Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Michiel T Uiterweerd
- Wageningen UR: Wageningen University & Research Laboratory of Organic Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Wageningen UR: Wageningen University & Research Laboratory of Organic Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Tom Wennekes
- Utrecht University Faculty of Science: Universiteit Utrecht Faculteit Betawetenschappen Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht Utrecht NETHERLANDS
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6
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Abstract
The surface of every eukaryotic cell is coated in a dense layer of structurally diverse glycans that together comprise the glycocalyx, a key interface between intracellular biochemistry and the external environment. Many of the glycans within the glycocalyx terminate in anionic monosaccharides belonging to the sialic acid family. Advances in our understanding of the biological processes mediated by sialic acids at the interfaces between cells have catalyzed interest in metabolic, enzymatic, and chemical strategies to edit the total complement of cellular sialic acids-the sialome. Here, we review strategies for altering the composition of the sialome with particular focus on glycan structures and state-of-the-art tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landon J. Edgar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A8
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7
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Cavalcante T, Medeiros MM, Mule SN, Palmisano G, Stolf BS. The Role of Sialic Acids in the Establishment of Infections by Pathogens, With Special Focus on Leishmania. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:671913. [PMID: 34055669 PMCID: PMC8155805 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.671913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates or glycans are ubiquitous components of the cell surface which play crucial biological and structural roles. Sialic acids (Sias) are nine-carbon atoms sugars usually present as terminal residues of glycoproteins and glycolipids on the cell surface or secreted. They have important roles in cellular communication and also in infection and survival of pathogens. More than 20 pathogens can synthesize or capture Sias from their hosts and incorporate them into their own glycoconjugates and derivatives. Sialylation of pathogens’ glycoconjugates may be crucial for survival inside the host for numerous reasons. The role of Sias in protozoa such as Trypanosoma and Leishmania was demonstrated in previous studies. This review highlights the importance of Sias in several pathogenic infections, focusing on Leishmania. We describe in detail the contributions of Sias, Siglecs (sialic acid binding Ig-like lectins) and Neuraminidase 1 (NEU 1) in the course of Leishmania infection. A detailed view on the structural and functional diversity of Leishmania-related Sias and host-cell receptors will be provided, as well as the results of functional studies performed with different Leishmania species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tainá Cavalcante
- Laboratory of Leishmaniasis, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Medina Medeiros
- Laboratory of Leishmaniasis, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simon Ngao Mule
- GlycoProteomics Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giuseppe Palmisano
- GlycoProteomics Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Simonsen Stolf
- Laboratory of Leishmaniasis, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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8
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González-Cuesta M, Ortiz Mellet C, García Fernández JM. Carbohydrate supramolecular chemistry: beyond the multivalent effect. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:5207-5222. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01135e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
(Hetero)multivalency acts as a multichannel switch that shapes the supramolecular properties of carbohydrates in an intrinsically multifactorial biological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel González-Cuesta
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad de Sevilla
- Sevilla 41012
- Spain
| | - Carmen Ortiz Mellet
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad de Sevilla
- Sevilla 41012
- Spain
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9
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Akkerman R, Faas MM, de Vos P. Non-digestible carbohydrates in infant formula as substitution for human milk oligosaccharide functions: Effects on microbiota and gut maturation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:1486-1497. [PMID: 29333864 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1414030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human milk (HM) is the golden standard for nutrition of newborn infants. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are abundantly present in HM and exert multiple beneficial functions, such as support of colonization of the gut microbiota, reduction of pathogenic infections and support of immune development. HMO-composition is during lactation continuously adapted by the mother to accommodate the needs of the neonate. Unfortunately, for many valid reasons not all neonates can be fed with HM and are either totally or partly fed with cow-milk derived infant formulas, which do not contain HMOs. These cow-milk formulas are supplemented with non-digestible carbohydrates (NDCs) that have functional effects similar to that of some HMOs, since production of synthetic HMOs is challenging and still very expensive. However, NDCs cannot substitute all HMO functions. More efficacious NDCs may be developed and customized for specific groups of neonates such as pre-matures and allergy prone infants. Here current knowledge of HMO functions in the neonate in view of possible replacement of HMOs by NDCs in infant formulas is reviewed. Furthermore, methods to expedite identification of suitable NDCs and structure/function relationships are reviewed as in vivo studies in babies are impossible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate Akkerman
- a Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology , University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Marijke M Faas
- a Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology , University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands.,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- a Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology , University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
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10
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RX-207, a Small Molecule Inhibitor of Protein Interaction with Glycosaminoglycans (SMIGs), Reduces Experimentally Induced Inflammation and Increases Survival Rate in Cecal Ligation and Puncture (CLP)-Induced Sepsis. Inflammation 2017; 41:307-314. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0688-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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11
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Farhadi SA, Hudalla GA. Engineering galectin-glycan interactions for immunotherapy and immunomodulation. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 241:1074-83. [PMID: 27229902 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216650055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins, a 15-member family of soluble carbohydrate-binding proteins, are receiving increasing interest as therapeutic targets for immunotherapy and immunomodulation due to their role as extracellular signals that regulate innate and adaptive immune cell phenotype and function. However, different galectins can have redundant, synergistic, or antagonistic signaling activity in normal immunological responses, such as resolution of inflammation and induction of antigen-specific tolerance. In addition, certain galectins can be hijacked to promote progression of immunopathologies, such as tumor immune privilege, metastasis, and viral infection, while others can inhibit these processes. Thus, eliciting a desired immunological outcome will likely necessitate therapeutics that can precisely enhance or inhibit particular galectin-glycan interactions. Multivalency is an important determinant of the affinity and specificity of natural galectin-glycan interactions, and is emerging as a key design element for therapeutics that can effectively manipulate galectin bioactivity. This minireview surveys current molecular and biomaterial engineering approaches to create therapeutics that can stabilize galectin multivalency or recapitulate natural glycan multivalency (i.e. "the glycocluster effect"). In particular, we highlight examples of using natural and engineered multivalent galectins for immunosuppression and immune tolerance, with a particular emphasis on treating autoimmune diseases or avoiding transplant rejection. In addition, we present examples of multivalent inhibitors of galectin-glycan interactions to maintain or restore T-cell function, with a particular emphasis on promoting antitumor immunity. Finally, we discuss emerging opportunities to further engineer galectin-glycan interactions for immunotherapy and immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaheen A Farhadi
- J Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Gregory A Hudalla
- J Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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