1
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Gowda P, Reddy PH, Kumar S. Deregulated mitochondrial microRNAs in Alzheimer's disease: Focus on synapse and mitochondria. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 73:101529. [PMID: 34813976 PMCID: PMC8692431 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and is currently one of the biggest public health concerns in the world. Mitochondrial dysfunction in neurons is one of the major hallmarks of AD. Emerging evidence suggests that mitochondrial miRNAs potentially play important roles in the mitochondrial dysfunctions, focusing on synapse in AD progression. In this meta-analysis paper, a comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify and discuss the (1) role of mitochondrial miRNAs that regulate mitochondrial and synaptic functions; (2) the role of various factors such as mitochondrial dynamics, biogenesis, calcium signaling, biological sex, and aging on synapse and mitochondrial function; (3) how synapse damage and mitochondrial dysfunctions contribute to AD; (4) the structure and function of synapse and mitochondria in the disease process; (5) latest research developments in synapse and mitochondria in healthy and disease states; and (6) therapeutic strategies that improve synaptic and mitochondrial functions in AD. Specifically, we discussed how differences in the expression of mitochondrial miRNAs affect ATP production, oxidative stress, mitophagy, bioenergetics, mitochondrial dynamics, synaptic activity, synaptic plasticity, neurotransmission, and synaptotoxicity in neurons observed during AD. However, more research is needed to confirm the locations and roles of individual mitochondrial miRNAs in the development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Gowda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - P. Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Neurology, Departments of School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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2
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Muhammad M, Shao CS, Liu C, Huang Q. Highly Sensitive Detection of Elevated Exosomal miR-122 Levels in Radiation Injury and Hepatic Inflammation Using an Aptamer-Functionalized SERS-Sandwich Assay. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:8386-8395. [PMID: 35005951 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced organ injury is one of the major fallouts noticed during radiotherapy treatment of malignancies and other detrimental radiation exposures. MicroRNA (miRNA), which is involved in multiple critical cellular processes, is released from the cells of damaged organs in cellular vesicles, commonly known as exosomes. Specifically, exosomal miR-122 is reported to be actively involved in radiation-actuated rectal and hepatic injuries or inflammation. In this work, we developed a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) assay for the quantitative and targeted detection of exosomal miR-122 in mice after drug/radiation treatments. In particular, an aptamer-functionalized magnetic capturing element and Au shell nanoparticle (NP)-based SERS tags were utilized, which upon recognition of the target miRNA constituted a "sandwich" formation, with which an 8 fM limit of detection (LOD) could be achieved. Using this SERS assay, we further found that radiation injury led to the elevated expression of exosomal miR-122 in mice at 4 h postirradiation, confirmed by the quantitative real-time PCR method. It was demonstrated that the drug-induced hepatic inflammation could also be assessed via detecting miR-122 using this SERS method. As such, this work has demonstrated the achievement of a highly selective and sensitive probe of exosomal miRNA, which may thus open a gateway for promising usage in drug/radiation-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Muhammad
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei Anhui230031, China.,Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chang-Sheng Shao
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei Anhui230031, China.,Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei Anhui230031, China.,Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Qing Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei Anhui230031, China.,Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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3
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Kumar S, Reddy PH. The role of synaptic microRNAs in Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165937. [PMID: 32827646 PMCID: PMC7680400 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Structurally and functionally active synapses are essential for neurotransmission and for maintaining normal synaptic and cognitive functions. Researchers have found that synaptic dysfunction is associated with the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), and synaptic dysfunction is even one of the main physiological hallmarks of AD. MiRNAs are present in small, subcellular compartments of the neuron such as neural dendrites, synaptic vesicles, and synaptosomes are known as synaptic miRNAs. Synaptic miRNAs involved in governing multiple synaptic functions that lead to healthy brain functioning and synaptic activity. However, the precise role of synaptic miRNAs has not been determined in AD progression. This review emphasizes the presence of miRNAs at the synapse, synaptic compartments and roles of miRNAs in multiple synaptic functions. We focused on synaptic miRNAs alteration in AD, and how the modulation of miRNAs effect the synaptic functions in AD. We also discussed the impact of synaptic miRNAs in AD progression concerning the synaptic ATP production, mitochondrial function, and synaptic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subodh Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
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4
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Lei D, Hu G, Chen Y, Hao T, Gao Y, Luo F. Forkhead Box S1 Inhibits the Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:11839-11848. [PMID: 33235470 PMCID: PMC7680191 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s272596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Forkhead box (FOX) superfamily members were recently shown to play important roles in tumor development and progression. Forkhead box S1 (FOXS1), a member of the FOX family, has been reported to be closely associated with malignant neoplasms. However, its expression and effect on hepatocellular carcinoma remain unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the expression and role of FOXS1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Real-time PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry assays were carried out to determine FOXS1 expression in HCC tissues and cells. The biological roles of FOXS1 in HCC were investigated using CCK-8, colony formation, transwell and wound healing. Additionally, the effect of FOXS1 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was investigated by Western blotting. Xenograft model was carried out to evaluate the effect of FOXS1 in vivo. Results In our study, we confirmed lower FOXS1 expression in HCC samples than in normal liver tissues by performing Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR assays. In addition, FOXS1 expression is strongly associated with the prognosis of patients with HCC. Overexpression of FOXS1 suppressed cell proliferation, colony formation, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. SAG, an activator of Hh signaling, partially reversed the effect of FOXS1 overexpression on HCC cells. Conclusion FOXS1 might suppress HCC cell proliferation, colony formation, and EMT by inhibiting the Hh signaling pathway, indicating that FOXS1 may be a promising biological target in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengliang Lei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Gangli Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tuantuan Hao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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5
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Wang R, Liu X, Wu J, Liu H, Wang W, Chen X, Yuan L, Wang Y, Du X, Ma Y, Losiewicz MD, Zhang X, Zhang H. Role of microRNA-122 in microcystin-leucine arginine-induced dysregulation of hepatic iron homeostasis in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2020; 35:822-830. [PMID: 32170997 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR) is a cyclic heptapeptide hepatotoxin produced by cyanobacteria. MicroRNA-122 (miR-122) is specifically expressed in the liver. This study focuses on the role of miR-122 in MC-LR-induced dysregulation of hepatic iron homeostasis in C57BL/6 mice. The thirty mice were randomly divided into five groups (Control, 12.5 μg/kg·BW MC-LR, 25 μg/kg·BW MC-LR, Negative control agomir and 25 μg/kg·BW MC-LR + miR-122 agomir). The results show that MC-LR decreases the expressions of miR-122, Hamp, and its related regulators, while increasing the content of hepatic iron and the expressions of FPN1 and Tmprss6. Furthermore, miR-122 agomir pretreatment improves MC-LR induced dysregulation of hepatic iron homeostasis by arousing the related regulators and reducing the expression of Tmprss6. These results suggest that miR-122 agomir can prevent the accumulation of hepatic iron induced by MC-LR, which may be related to the regulation of hepcidin by BMP/SMAD and IL-6/STAT signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxia Wu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haohao Liu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinghai Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, St Mary's University, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Le Yuan
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueqin Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingde Du
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Ma
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael D Losiewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, St Mary's University, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
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6
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Gong Z, Yu J, Yang S, Lai PBS, Chen GG. FOX transcription factor family in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188376. [PMID: 32437734 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a multistep process, involving the progressive accumulation of molecular alterations and transcriptomic alterations. The Forkhead-box (FOX) transcription factor family is characterized by its unique DNA binding domain (FKH or winged-helix domain). Human FOX family consists of about 17 subfamilies, at least 43 members. Some of them are liver-enriched transcription factors, suggesting that they may play a crucial role in the development or/and functions of the liver. Dysregulation of FOX transcription factors may contribute to the pathogenesis of HCC because they can activate or suppress the expression of various tumor-related molecules, and pinpoint different molecular and cellular events. Here we summarized, analyzed and discussed the status and the functions of the human FOX family of transcription factors in HCC, aiming to help the further development of them as potential therapeutic targets or/and diagnostic/prognostic markers for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqin Gong
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianqing Yu
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shucai Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Pingshan District people's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Paul B S Lai
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - George G Chen
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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7
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Abstract
Abdominal tumors (AT) in children account for approximately 17% of all pediatric solid tumor cases, and frequently exhibit embryonal histological features that differentiate them from adult cancers. Current molecular approaches have greatly improved the understanding of the distinctive pathology of each tumor type and enabled the characterization of novel tumor biomarkers. As seen in abdominal adult tumors, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been increasingly implicated in either the initiation or progression of childhood cancer. Moreover, besides predicting patient prognosis, they represent valuable diagnostic tools that may also assist the surveillance of tumor behavior and treatment response, as well as the identification of the primary metastatic sites. Thus, the present study was undertaken to compile up-to-date information regarding the role of dysregulated miRNAs in the most common histological variants of AT, including neuroblastoma, nephroblastoma, hepatoblastoma, hepatocarcinoma, and adrenal tumors. Additionally, the clinical implications of dysregulated miRNAs as potential diagnostic tools or indicators of prognosis were evaluated.
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8
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Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the role of miR-122 in hepatocarcinoma progression and explored the mechanism. In hepatocarcinoma tissues and cells, we used qRT-PCR to validate the miR-122 expression level. Next, we used colony formation by crystal violet staining assay to compare cell proliferation ability, and we used scratch test or Transwell assay to compare cell migration or invasion ability. We then conducted bioinformatics or luciferase reporter gene assay to prove the regulation effect of miR-122 on lamin B2 (LMNB2), and the biological function of LMNB2 was analyzed. We used nude mouse tumorigenicity assay to test the inhibition effect of miR-122 ASO therapy against hepatocarcinoma. miR-122 was reduced in hepatocarcinoma tissues compared to the paracarcinoma tissues, which was relatively low or high in hepatocarcinoma cell line SMMC7721 or Hep3B, and overexpressed miR-122 inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion in hepatocarcinoma cells. Additionally, some reports showed that LMNB2 was regulated by miR-122, which inhibited the expression of LMNB2. Moreover, LMNB2 functioned to promote cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. We could achieve the inhibition of hepatocarcinoma using miR-122 therapy through decreasing LMNB2 expression in vivo. Our data indicated that miR-122 could inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma cell progression by targeting LMNB2 and as a therapeutic target for hepatocarcinoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Na Li
- *The Department of General Surgery, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Hong Yang
- †The Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, P.R. China
| | - Tao Yang
- ‡The Department of Hepatological Surgery, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
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9
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Kim JH, Hwang J, Jung JH, Lee HJ, Lee DY, Kim SH. Molecular networks of FOXP family: dual biologic functions, interplay with other molecules and clinical implications in cancer progression. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:180. [PMID: 31815635 PMCID: PMC6900861 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1110-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Though Forkhead box P (FOXP) transcription factors comprising of FOXP1, FOXP2, FOXP3 and FOXP4 are involved in the embryonic development, immune disorders and cancer progression, the underlying function of FOXP3 targeting CD4 + CD25+ regulatory T (Treg) cells and the dual roles of FOXP proteins as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor are unclear and controversial in cancers to date. Thus, the present review highlighted research history, dual roles of FOXP proteins as a tumor suppressor or an oncogene, their molecular networks with other proteins and noncoding RNAs, cellular immunotherapy targeting FOXP3, and clinical implications in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Ha Kim
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Lab, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee university, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisung Hwang
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Lab, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee university, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jung
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Lab, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee university, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Lab, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee university, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Eumseong, 27709, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Lab, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee university, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Jay K, Mitra A, Harding T, Matthes D, Van Ness B. Identification of a de novo FOXP1 mutation and incidental discovery of inherited genetic variants contributing to a case of autism spectrum disorder and epilepsy. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e00751. [PMID: 31111659 PMCID: PMC6625142 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autism spectrum disorder is commonly co‐diagnosed intellectual disability, language disorder, anxiety, and epilepsy, however, symptom management is difficult due to the complex genetic nature of ASD. Methods We present a next‐generation sequencing‐based case study with both de novo and inherited genetic variants and highlight the impact of structural variants on post‐translational regulation of protein expression. Since management of symptoms has classically been through pharmaceutical therapies, a pharmacogenomics screen was also utilized to determine possible drug/gene interactions. Results A de novo variant was identified within the FOXP1 3′ untranslated regulatory region using exome sequencing. Additionally, inherited variants that likely contribute to the current and potential future traits were identified within the COMT, SLC6A4, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6 genes. Conclusion This study aims to elucidate how a collection of variant genotypes could potentially impact neural development resulting in a unique phenotype including ASD and epilepsy. Each gene's contribution to neural development is assessed, and the interplay of these genotypes is discussed. The results highlight the utility of exome sequencing in conjunction with pharmacogenomics screening when evaluating possible causes of and therapeutic treatments for ASD‐related symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy Jay
- College of Biological Sciences, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Amit Mitra
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Taylor Harding
- College of Biological Sciences, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - David Matthes
- College of Biological Sciences, Department of Biology, Teaching, and Learning, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Brian Van Ness
- College of Biological Sciences, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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11
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Bach DH, Long NP, Luu TTT, Anh NH, Kwon SW, Lee SK. The Dominant Role of Forkhead Box Proteins in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3279. [PMID: 30360388 PMCID: PMC6213973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box (FOX) proteins are multifaceted transcription factors that are significantly implicated in cancer, with various critical roles in biological processes. Herein, we provide an overview of several key members of the FOXA, FOXC, FOXM1, FOXO and FOXP subfamilies. Important pathophysiological processes of FOX transcription factors at multiple levels in a context-dependent manner are discussed. We also specifically summarize some major aspects of FOX transcription factors in association with cancer research such as drug resistance, tumor growth, genomic alterations or drivers of initiation. Finally, we suggest that targeting FOX proteins may be a potential therapeutic strategy to combat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc-Hiep Bach
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | | | | | - Nguyen Hoang Anh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Sung Won Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Sang Kook Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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12
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Nakamura M, Kanda T, Jiang X, Haga Y, Takahashi K, Wu S, Yasui S, Nakamoto S, Yokosuka O. Serum microRNA-122 and Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive Mac-2 binding protein are useful tools for liquid biopsy of the patients with hepatitis B virus and advanced liver fibrosis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177302. [PMID: 28475652 PMCID: PMC5419651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Noninvasive methods to accurately and conveniently evaluate liver fibrosis are desirable. MicroRNA (miR) is one of the candidates. MiRs are small RNAs consisting of 19–25 nucleotides that negatively regulate many target genes at transcriptional levels. Recently, many researchers have focused on circulating miRs in the blood stream as biomarkers. Hepatic miR-122 has been reported to have an association with viral replication and hepatic fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatic C virus (HCV) infection. Methods We measured serum miR-122 levels in HBV- and HCV-infected patients confirmed with liver biopsy. We also investigated a novel liver fibrosis marker Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive Mac-2 binding protein [WFA(+)-M2BP]. We evaluated the diagnostic usefulness of these markers in hepatic fibrosis and inflammation of patients with chronic viral infection. Results The serum miR-122 levels of HBV-infected patients were higher than those of the control subjects. In HBV-infected patients, the serum miR-122 levels of patients with advanced liver fibrosis were significantly lower. Serum WFA(+)-M2BP was significantly higher dependent on both the staging of fibrosis and the grading of inflammatory activity in patients with both HBV and HCV infection. We also observed that higher serum WFA(+)-M2BP levels augmented the prediction of advanced liver fibrosis among HBV-infected patients with lower serum miR-122 levels. Conclusions A lower serum miR-122 level is a useful predictor of advanced liver fibrosis in HBV-infected patients. Serum WFA(+)-M2BP could predict liver fibrosis in both HBV and HCV infection. The combination of these markers may result in the more accurate evaluation of liver fibrosis in HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Xia Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuki Haga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koji Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shin Yasui
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shingo Nakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Molecular Virology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Osamu Yokosuka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Japan Community Health Care Organization Funabashi Chuo Hospital, Funabashi, Japan
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