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Yan R, Song A, Zhang C. The Pathological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Molecular Targets in Arteriovenous Fistula Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9519. [PMID: 39273465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The number of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring hemodialysis is increasing worldwide. Although arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the best and most important vascular access (VA) for hemodialysis, its primary maturation failure rate is as high as 60%, which seriously endangers the prognosis of hemodialysis patients. After AVF establishment, the venous outflow tract undergoes hemodynamic changes, which are translated into intracellular signaling pathway cascades, resulting in an outward and inward remodeling of the vessel wall. Outward remodeling refers to the thickening of the vessel wall and the dilation of the lumen to accommodate the high blood flow in the AVF, while inward remodeling is mainly characterized by intimal hyperplasia. More and more studies have shown that the two types of remodeling are closely related in the occurrence and development of, and jointly determining the final fate of, AVF. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the underlying mechanisms involved in outward and inward remodeling for identifying the key targets in alleviating AVF dysfunction. In this review, we summarize the current clinical diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment techniques for AVF dysfunction and discuss the possible pathological mechanisms related to improper outward and inward remodeling in AVF dysfunction, as well as summarize the similarities and differences between the two remodeling types in molecular mechanisms. Finally, the representative therapeutic targets of potential clinical values are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiwei Yan
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Anni Song
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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2
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Wang LH, Yang B, Wang Z, Jia L, Chen HY, Bi XQ. Effects of tanshinone IIA on endothelial cell dysfunction in uremic condition. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23785. [PMID: 39051181 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
An arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferred vascular access for hemodialysis in uremic patients, yet its dysfunction poses a significant clinical challenge. Venous stenosis, primarily caused by venous neointimal hyperplasia, is a key factor in the failure of vascular access. During vascular access dysfunction, endothelial cells (ECs) transform mechanical stimuli into intracellular signals and interact with vascular smooth muscle cells. Tanshinone IIA, an important compound derived from Salvia miltiorrhiza, has been widely used to treat cardiovascular diseases. However, its role in modulating ECs under uremic conditions remains incompletely understood. In this research, ECs were exposed to sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) and subjected to shear stress and uremic conditions. The results indicate that STS can reduce the suppressive effects on the expression of NF-κB p65, JNK and Collagen I in uremia-induced ECs. Moreover, the downregulation of NF-κB p65, JNK and Collagen I can be enhanced through the inhibition of ERK1/2 and the upregulation of Caveolin-1. These findings suggest that tanshinone IIA may improve EC function under uremic conditions by targeting the Caveolin-1/ERK1/2 pathway, presenting tanshinone IIA as a potential therapeutic agent against AVF immaturity caused by EC dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Wang
- Department of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification Center, 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification Center, 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lan Jia
- Department of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification Center, 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hai-Yan Chen
- Department of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification Center, 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue-Qing Bi
- Department of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification Center, 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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3
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Xu S, Wang F, Mai P, Peng Y, Shu X, Nie R, Zhang H. Mechanism Analysis of Vascular Calcification Based on Fluid Dynamics. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2632. [PMID: 37627891 PMCID: PMC10453151 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13162632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is the abnormal deposition of calcium phosphate complexes in blood vessels, which is regarded as the pathological basis of multiple cardiovascular diseases. The flowing blood exerts a frictional force called shear stress on the vascular wall. Blood vessels have different hydrodynamic properties due to discrepancies in geometric and mechanical properties. The disturbance of the blood flow in the bending area and the branch point of the arterial tree produces a shear stress lower than the physiological magnitude of the laminar shear stress, which can induce the occurrence of vascular calcification. Endothelial cells sense the fluid dynamics of blood and transmit electrical and chemical signals to the full-thickness of blood vessels. Through crosstalk with endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells trigger osteogenic transformation, involved in mediating vascular intima and media calcification. In addition, based on the detection of fluid dynamics parameters, emerging imaging technologies such as 4D Flow MRI and computational fluid dynamics have greatly improved the early diagnosis ability of cardiovascular diseases, showing extremely high clinical application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China; (S.X.); (F.W.); (P.M.)
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China; (S.X.); (F.W.); (P.M.)
| | - Peibiao Mai
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China; (S.X.); (F.W.); (P.M.)
| | - Yanren Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (Y.P.); (X.S.)
| | - Xiaorong Shu
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (Y.P.); (X.S.)
| | - Ruqiong Nie
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (Y.P.); (X.S.)
| | - Huanji Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China; (S.X.); (F.W.); (P.M.)
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4
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Shu Y, Jin S. Caveolin-1 in endothelial cells: A potential therapeutic target for atherosclerosis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18653. [PMID: 37554846 PMCID: PMC10405014 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic vascular disease characterized by lipid accumulation and the activation of the inflammatory response; it remains the leading nation-wide cause of death. Early in the progression of AS, stimulation by pro-inflammatory agonists (TNF-α, LPS, and others), oxidized lipoproteins (ox-LDL), and biomechanical stimuli (low shear stress) lead to endothelial cell activation and dysfunction. Consequently, it is crucial to investigate how endothelial cells respond to different stressors and ways to alter endothelial cell activation in AS development, as they are the earliest cells to respond. Caveolin-1 (Cav1) is a 21-24-kDa membrane protein located in caveolae and highly expressed in endothelial cells, which plays a vital role in regulating lipid transport, inflammatory responses, and various cellular signaling pathways and has atherogenic effects. This review summarizes recent studies on the structure and physiological functions of Cav1 and outlines the potential mechanisms it mediates in AS development. Included are the roles of Cav1 in the regulation of endothelial cell autophagy, response to shear stress, modulation of the eNOS/NO axis, and transduction of inflammatory signaling pathways. This review provides a rationale for proposing Cav1 as a novel target for the prevention of AS, as well as new ideas for therapeutic strategies for early AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shu
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 39 Lake Road, East Lake Ecological Scenic, Wuhan, 430077, China
| | - Si Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 39 Lake Road, East Lake Ecological Scenic, Wuhan, 430077, China
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5
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Zhang H, Hu Z, Wang J, Xu J, Wang X, Zang G, Qiu J, Wang G. Shear stress regulation of nanoparticle uptake in vascular endothelial cells. Regen Biomater 2023; 10:rbad047. [PMID: 37351014 PMCID: PMC10281962 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbad047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) hold tremendous targeting potential in cardiovascular disease and regenerative medicine, and exciting clinical applications are coming into light. Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) exposure to different magnitudes and patterns of shear stress (SS) generated by blood flow could engulf NPs in the blood. However, an unclear understanding of the role of SS on NP uptake is hindering the progress in improving the targeting of NP therapies. Here, the temporal and spatial distribution of SS in vascular ECs and the effect of different SS on NP uptake in ECs are highlighted. The mechanism of SS affecting NP uptake through regulating the cellular ROS level, endothelial glycocalyx and membrane fluidity is summarized, and the molecules containing clathrin and caveolin in the engulfment process are elucidated. SS targeting NPs are expected to overcome the current bottlenecks and change the field of targeting nanomedicine. This assessment on how SS affects the cell uptake of NPs and the marginalization of NPs in blood vessels could guide future research in cell biology and vascular targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongping Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Ziqiu Hu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Jinxuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Jianxiong Xu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xiangxiu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Guangchao Zang
- Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Juhui Qiu
- Correspondence address: E-mail: (G.W.); (J.Q.)
| | - Guixue Wang
- Correspondence address: E-mail: (G.W.); (J.Q.)
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Davis MJ, Earley S, Li YS, Chien S. Vascular mechanotransduction. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1247-1421. [PMID: 36603156 PMCID: PMC9942936 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00053.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to survey the current state of mechanotransduction in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), including their sensing of mechanical stimuli and transduction of mechanical signals that result in the acute functional modulation and longer-term transcriptomic and epigenetic regulation of blood vessels. The mechanosensors discussed include ion channels, plasma membrane-associated structures and receptors, and junction proteins. The mechanosignaling pathways presented include the cytoskeleton, integrins, extracellular matrix, and intracellular signaling molecules. These are followed by discussions on mechanical regulation of transcriptome and epigenetics, relevance of mechanotransduction to health and disease, and interactions between VSMCs and ECs. Throughout this review, we offer suggestions for specific topics that require further understanding. In the closing section on conclusions and perspectives, we summarize what is known and point out the need to treat the vasculature as a system, including not only VSMCs and ECs but also the extracellular matrix and other types of cells such as resident macrophages and pericytes, so that we can fully understand the physiology and pathophysiology of the blood vessel as a whole, thus enhancing the comprehension, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Scott Earley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Yi-Shuan Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Shu Chien
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
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Wang L, Jia L, Jiang A. Pathology of catheter-related complications: what we need to know and what should be discovered. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221127890. [PMID: 36268763 PMCID: PMC9597033 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221127890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the considerable efforts made to increase the prevalence of autogenous fistula in patients on hemodialysis, tunneled cuffed catheters are still an important access modality and used in a high percentage of the hemodialysis population. However, because of the conundrum posed by tunneled cuffed catheters, patients can develop a multitude of complications, including thrombosis, infections, formation of a fibrin sheath, and central vein stenosis, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality as well as placing a heavy burden on the healthcare system. However, with an increasing number of studies now focusing on how to manage these catheter-related complications, there has been less translational research on the pathology of these complications. This review of the most recent literature provides an update on the pathological aspects of catheter-related complications, highlighting what we need to know and what is yet to be discovered. The future research strategies and innovations needed to prevent these complications are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Wang
- Lihua Wang, Department of Kidney Disease
and Blood Purification Centre, 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 23rd
Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin 300211, PR China.
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8
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A Review of Functional Analysis of Endothelial Cells in Flow Chambers. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13030092. [PMID: 35893460 PMCID: PMC9326639 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13030092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelial cells constitute the innermost layer. The cells are exposed to mechanical stress by the flow, causing them to express their functions. To elucidate the functions, methods involving seeding endothelial cells as a layer in a chamber were studied. The chambers are known as parallel plate, T-chamber, step, cone plate, and stretch. The stimulated functions or signals from endothelial cells by flows are extensively connected to other outer layers of arteries or organs. The coculture layer was developed in a chamber to investigate the interaction between smooth muscle cells in the middle layer of the blood vessel wall in vascular physiology and pathology. Additionally, the microfabrication technology used to create a chamber for a microfluidic device involves both mechanical and chemical stimulation of cells to show their dynamics in in vivo microenvironments. The purpose of this study is to summarize the blood flow (flow inducing) for the functions connecting to endothelial cells and blood vessels, and to find directions for future chamber and device developments for further understanding and application of vascular functions. The relationship between chamber design flow, cell layers, and microfluidics was studied.
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Meng F, Cheng H, Qian J, Dai X, Huang Y, Fan Y. In vitro fluidic systems: Applying shear stress on endothelial cells. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2022.100143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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10
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Sunderland K, Jiang J, Zhao F. Disturbed flow's impact on cellular changes indicative of vascular aneurysm initiation, expansion, and rupture: A pathological and methodological review. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:278-300. [PMID: 34486114 PMCID: PMC8810685 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Aneurysms are malformations within the arterial vasculature brought on by the structural breakdown of the microarchitecture of the vessel wall, with aneurysms posing serious health risks in the event of their rupture. Blood flow within vessels is generally laminar with high, unidirectional wall shear stressors that modulate vascular endothelial cell functionality and regulate vascular smooth muscle cells. However, altered vascular geometry induced by bifurcations, significant curvature, stenosis, or clinical interventions can alter the flow, generating low stressor disturbed flow patterns. Disturbed flow is associated with altered cellular morphology, upregulated expression of proteins modulating inflammation, decreased regulation of vascular permeability, degraded extracellular matrix, and heightened cellular apoptosis. The understanding of the effects disturbed flow has on the cellular cascades which initiate aneurysms and promote their subsequent growth can further elucidate the nature of this complex pathology. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the disturbed flow and its relation to aneurysm pathology, the methods used to investigate these relations, as well as how such knowledge has impacted clinical treatment methodologies. This information can contribute to the understanding of the development, growth, and rupture of aneurysms and help develop novel research and aneurysmal treatment techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Sunderland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931
| | - Jingfeng Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931,Corresponding Authors: Feng Zhao, 101 Bizzell Street, College Station, TX 77843-312, Tel : 979-458-1239, , Jingfeng Jiang, 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI 49931, Tel: 906-487-1943
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843,Corresponding Authors: Feng Zhao, 101 Bizzell Street, College Station, TX 77843-312, Tel : 979-458-1239, , Jingfeng Jiang, 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI 49931, Tel: 906-487-1943
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Huang X, Guan J, Sheng Z, Wang M, Xu T, Guo G, Wan P, Tian B, Zhou J, Huang A, Hao J, Yao L. Effect of local anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy to prevent the formation of stenosis in outflow vein in arteriovenous fistula. J Transl Int Med 2021; 9:307-317. [PMID: 35136729 PMCID: PMC8802407 DOI: 10.2478/jtim-2021-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Vascular stenosis and angiogenesis are the major causes of short expectancy of arteriovenous fistula (AVF). Increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) has been suggested to play an important role in the pathophysiologic process. Anti-VEGF has been proved to be effective on anti-angiogenesis and applied in clinical practice, but its effect on anti-stenosis remains to be verified before it could be applied to prevent stenosis of AVF. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of local anti-VEGF therapy to prevent the formation of stenosis in the outflow vein in AVF and its mechanism. METHODS Bioinformatics of VEGF-A and its downstream-regulated molecules from the STRING PPI database were analyzed in this study. The biopsy samples from outflow veins of AVF in patients and C57BL/6 mouse models were analyzed to examine the mechanisms of pathologic vascular stenosis associated with VEGF pathways and their potential therapeutic targets. RESULTS We found that the reduction of VEGF-A could downregulate downstream molecules and subsequently reduce the intimal hyperplasia and abnormal vascular remodeling by analyzing the STRING PPI database. Venous wall thickening, intimal neointima formation, and apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells in the proliferative outflow vein of the AVF were significantly more obvious, and upregulation of expression of VEGF was observed in dysfunctional AVF in patients. In mouse models, the expression of VEGF, Ephrin receptor B4 (EphB4), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2, MMP9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)1, TIMP2, and caspase 3 in the control-shRNA surgical group was significantly higher than in the sham group (P < 0.05), and all of these indicators were significantly lower in lentiviral transfection group and Avastin group than in control-shRNA surgical group (P < 0.05) on the 14th day after AVF operation. CONCLUSION VEGF expression is significantly increased in vascular endothelial cells in stenosed or occluded outflow veins of dysfunctional AVF. Local injection of Avastin into the adventitia of the proximal outflow vein in autologous AVF procedure has an excellent potential to prevent the subsequent local stenosis of the proximal outflow vein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jibin Guan
- College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis55455, MN, USA
| | - Zitong Sheng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Menghua Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Tianhua Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Guangying Guo
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Pengzhi Wan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Binyao Tian
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Junlei Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Aoran Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Junfeng Hao
- Department of Nephrology, Jinqiu Hospital Liaoning Province, Shenyang110016, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Li Yao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang110001, Liaoning Province, China
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Jensen LF, Bentzon JF, Albarrán-Juárez J. The Phenotypic Responses of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Exposed to Mechanical Cues. Cells 2021; 10:2209. [PMID: 34571858 PMCID: PMC8469800 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During the development of atherosclerosis and other vascular diseases, vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) located in the intima and media of blood vessels shift from a contractile state towards other phenotypes that differ substantially from differentiated SMCs. In addition, these cells acquire new functions, such as the production of alternative extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and signal molecules. A similar shift in cell phenotype is observed when SMCs are removed from their native environment and placed in a culture, presumably due to the absence of the physiological signals that maintain and regulate the SMC phenotype in the vasculature. The far majority of studies describing SMC functions have been performed under standard culture conditions in which cells adhere to a rigid and static plastic plate. While these studies have contributed to discovering key molecular pathways regulating SMCs, they have a significant limitation: the ECM microenvironment and the mechanical forces transmitted through the matrix to SMCs are generally not considered. Here, we review and discuss the recent literature on how the mechanical forces and derived biochemical signals have been shown to modulate the vascular SMC phenotype and provide new perspectives about their importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Filt Jensen
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (L.F.J.); (J.F.B.)
| | - Jacob Fog Bentzon
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (L.F.J.); (J.F.B.)
- Experimental Pathology of Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Spanish National Center for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Julian Albarrán-Juárez
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (L.F.J.); (J.F.B.)
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13
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Mahendra Y, He M, Rouf MA, Tjakra M, Fan L, Wang Y, Wang G. Progress and prospects of mechanotransducers in shear stress-sensitive signaling pathways in association with arteriovenous malformation. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2021; 88:105417. [PMID: 34246943 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2021.105417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Arteriovenous malformations are congenital vascular lesions characterized by a direct and tangled connection between arteries and veins, which disrupts oxygen circulation and normal blood flow. Arteriovenous malformations often occur in the patient with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. The attempts to elucidate the causative factors and pathogenic mechanisms of arteriovenous malformations are now still in progress. Some studies reported that shear stress in blood flow is one of the factors involved in arteriovenous malformations manifestation. Through several mechanotransducers harboring the endothelial cells membrane, the signal from shear stress is transduced towards the responsible signaling pathways in endothelial cells to maintain cell homeostasis. Any disruption in this well-established communication will give rise to abnormal endothelial cells differentiation and specification, which will later promote arteriovenous malformations. In this review, we discuss the update of several mechanotransducers that have essential roles in shear stress-induced signaling pathways, such as activin receptor-like kinase 1, Endoglin, Notch, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, Caveolin-1, Connexin37, and Connexin40. Any disruption of these signaling potentially causes arteriovenous malformations. We also present some recent insights into the fundamental analysis, which attempts to determine potential and alternative solutions to battle arteriovenous malformations, especially in a less invasive and risky way, such as gene treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoga Mahendra
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Mei He
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Muhammad Abdul Rouf
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Marco Tjakra
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Longling Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yeqi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
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Wang H, Xie Y, Salvador AM, Zhang Z, Chen K, Li G, Xiao J. Exosomes: Multifaceted Messengers in Atherosclerosis. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2020; 22:57. [PMID: 32772195 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-020-00871-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that contributes to the development of coronary artery disease, which has become a leading health burden worldwide. Though several strategies such as pharmacological treatment, exercise intervention, and surgery have been used in clinical practice, there is still no effective strategy to cure AS. Exosomes are extensively studied both as diagnostic markers as well as for therapeutic purposes due to their role in pathological processes related to AS. To elucidate the role of exosomes in AS and thus provide a new insight into AS therapy, we review recent advances concerning exosome targets and their function in mediating intercellular communication in AS, and expect to provide a reference for novel effective strategies to cure AS. RECENT FINDINGS Exosomes exert important roles in the diagnosis, development, and potential therapy of AS. For AS development, (1) activation of CD-137 in endothelial cells represses exosomal-TET2 production, causing a phenotypic switch of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and promoting plaque formation; (2) exosomal-MALTA1 derived from endothelial cells causes neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and M2 macrophage polarization, which aggravates AS; and (3) exosomal-miR-21-3p derived from macrophages inhibits PTEN expression and further promotes VSMC migration/proliferation, leading to AS development. For AS diagnosis, plasma exosomal-miR30e and miR-92a are considered to be potential diagnostic markers. For AS therapy, adipose mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes protect endothelial cells from AS aggravation, via inhibiting miR-342-5p. Exosome-mediated cross-talk between different cells within the vasculature exerts crucial roles in regulating endothelial function, proliferation and differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells, and platelet activation as well as macrophage activation, collectively leading to the development and progression of AS. Exosomes can potentially be used as diagnostic biomarkers and constitute as a new therapeutic strategy for AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Wang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, 333 Nan Chen Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yuling Xie
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, 333 Nan Chen Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Ane M Salvador
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02214, USA
| | - Zhongrong Zhang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, 333 Nan Chen Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Kaichuan Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02214, USA
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, 333 Nan Chen Road, Shanghai, 200444, China.
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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