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Cerutis DR, Weston MD, Miyamoto T. Entering, Linked with the Sphinx: Lysophosphatidic Acids Everywhere, All at Once, in the Oral System and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10278. [PMID: 37373424 PMCID: PMC10299546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral health is crucial to overall health, and periodontal disease (PDD) is a chronic inflammatory disease. Over the past decade, PDD has been recognized as a significant contributor to systemic inflammation. Here, we relate our seminal work defining the role of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and its receptors (LPARs) in the oral system with findings and parallels relevant to cancer. We discuss the largely unexplored fine-tuning potential of LPA species for biological control of complex immune responses and suggest approaches for the areas where we believe more research should be undertaken to advance our understanding of signaling at the level of the cellular microenvironment in biological processes where LPA is a key player so we can better treat diseases such as PDD, cancer, and emerging diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Roselyn Cerutis
- Department of Oral Biology, Creighton University School of Dentistry, Omaha, NE 68178, USA;
| | - Michael D. Weston
- Department of Oral Biology, Creighton University School of Dentistry, Omaha, NE 68178, USA;
| | - Takanari Miyamoto
- Department of Periodontics, Creighton University School of Dentistry, Omaha, NE 68178, USA;
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Jung JW, Park SY, Seo EJ, Jang IH, Park Y, Lee D, Kim D, Kim JM. Functional expression of oxytocin receptors in pulp-dentin complex. Biomaterials 2023; 293:121977. [PMID: 36580714 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dental pulp-derived stromal cells (DPSCs) are a crucial cell population for maintaining the tissue integrity of the pulp-dentin complex. The oxytocin receptor (OXTR), a member of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily, plays versatile roles in diverse biological contexts. However, the role of OXTR in dental pulp has not yet been fully understood. Here, we demonstrate the biological functions and significance of OXTR in DPSCs through a multidisciplinary approach. Microarray data of 494 GPCR genes revealed high OXTR expression in human DPSCs (hDPSCs). Blocking OXTR activity increased the expression of osteogenic and odontogenic marker genes, promoting hDPSC differentiation. Additionally, we found that OXTR is involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling through the regulation of the gene expression related to ECM homeostasis. We further demonstrated that these genetic changes are mediated by trascriptional activity of Yes-associated protein (YAP). Based on the results, a preclinical experiment was performed using an animal model, demonstrating that the application of an OXTR inhibitor to damaged pulp induced significant hard tissue formation. These results provide new insight into the oxytocin-OXTR system in the regenerative process of pulp-dentin complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Won Jung
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Park
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Seo
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Ho Jang
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea; Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeji Park
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasun Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyun Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Man Kim
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Rovai ES, Alves T, Gasparoni LM, França BND, Sipert CR, Kantarci A, Holzhausen M. Protease-activated receptor type 1 (PAR1) increases CEMP1 gene expression through MAPK/ERK pathway. Braz Oral Res 2022; 36:e048. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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He W, Wang Z, Luo Z, Yu Q, Jiang Y, Zhang Y, Zhou Z, Smith AJ, Cooper PR. LPS promote the odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells via MAPK signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:554-61. [PMID: 25104580 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) show significant potential for exploitation in novel regeneration strategies, although lack of understanding of their responses to bacterial challenge constrains their application. The present study aimed to investigate whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the major pathogenic factor of Gram-negative bacteria, regulates the differentiation of hDPSCs and which intracellular signaling pathways may be involved. LPS treatment significantly promoted the differentiation of hDPSCs demonstrable by increased mineralized nodule formation and mRNA expression of several odontoblastic markers in a dose-dependent manner. While inhibition of TLR4, p38, and ERK signaling markedly antagonized LPS-mediated differentiation of hDPSCs. The inhibition of JNK and NF-κB signaling had no detectable effect on LPS activation of hDPSCs. LPS stimulation resulted in phosphorylation of NF-κB p65, IκB-α, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in DPSCs in a time-dependent manner, which was markedly suppressed by their specific inhibitors, respectively. Data demonstrated that LPS promoted odontoblastic differentiation of hDPSCs via TLR4, ERK, and P38 MAPK signaling pathways, but not NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxi He
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P. R. China
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Role of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathway in driving tricalcium silicate-induced proliferation and biomineralization of human dental pulp cells in vitro. J Endod 2013; 39:1023-9. [PMID: 23880270 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway in regulating tricalcium silicate (C3S)-driven proliferation and biomineralization of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) in vitro. METHODS Human DPCs were cultured in C3S-containing medium and compared with untreated controls. Cell viability was measured by the methyl-thiazol-tetrazolium assay. Biomineralization was assessed by staining calcium deposits on the extracellular matrix with von Kossa and alizarin red S stains. Phosphorylated ERK1/2 was evaluated by immunoblotting. The ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 was used to assess the role of this pathway on stage of the cell cycle and mineralization-dependent gene expressions of hDPCs by using flow cytometry and real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc test, with significance set at P < .05. RESULTS The viability and biomineralization of hDPCs were promoted by C3S extracts (P < .05). Phosphorylated ERK1/2 strongly appeared after hDPCs were cultured in the C3S extracts for 30 minutes. Moreover, inhibition of the ERK1/2 pathway in C3S-treated hDPCs decreased proliferation and the expression of mineralization-dependent genes, including collagen type I, dentin sialophosphoprotein, osteopontin, and osteocalcin (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS C3S stimulated the proliferation and biomineralization of hDPCs in vitro, with the ERK1/2 pathway playing a key role in the regulation of these effects.
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Cheng R, Shao MY, Yang H, Cheng L, Wang FM, Zhou XD, Hu T. The effect of lysophosphatidic acid and Rho-associated kinase patterning on adhesion of dental pulp cells. Int Endod J 2010; 44:2-8. [PMID: 21073482 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2010.01773.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and the Rho/Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) pathway on adhesion of dental pulp cells (DPCs). METHODOLOGY Human DPCs were cultured ex vivo. After treatment of LPA and Y-27632, a specific ROCK inhibitor, changes in focal contacts (FCs) were examined by immunofluorescent staining. Activation of FCs proteins was examined by measuring tyrosine 397 phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and paxillin using immunoblotting. The data were analysed by Student's t-test. RESULTS The immunofluorescent staining indicated LPA stimulation induced larger focal adhesion in the cell periphery, compared with the control. Inhibition of ROCK by Y-27632 decreased the formation of FCs markedly, even in the LPA-stimulated cells. LPA also increased the level of tyrosine phosphorylation of paxillin at 30min (P<0.05) and FAK at 5 and 30min (P<0.05). Furthermore, p-paxillin levels declined immediately after Y-27632 treatment and remained low at 5, 30, 60min. Y-27632 also suppressed the effects of LPA on p-paxillin and p-FAK at 5 and 30min (P<0.05). CONCLUSION LPA activated Rho and then subsequently activated ROCK, suggesting that LPA influences the FCs of DPCs by modulating tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK and paxillin via the Rho/ROCK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Agis H, Stampfl B, Watzek G, Gruber R. Activated platelets increase proliferation and protein synthesis of human dental pulpâderived cells. Int Endod J 2010; 43:115-24. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2009.01650.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Cheng R, Cheng L, Shao MY, Yang H, Wang FM, Hu T, Zhou XD. Roles of lysophosphatidic acid and the Rho-associated kinase pathway in the migration of dental pulp cells. Exp Cell Res 2010; 316:1019-27. [PMID: 20064505 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2009] [Revised: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
During the dental pulp repair process, dental pulp cells (DPCs) migrate to the site of injury and differentiate into odontoblasts or odontoblast-like cells. Although migration of DPCs is an important reparative process, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the roles of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and the Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) pathway in the migration and morphology of dental pulp cells and alpha smooth muscle actin expression in vitro. We demonstrated that both LPA and ROCK inhibition enhanced cell motility and that their combined effects significantly increased migration rate. LPA induced fine cytoskeleton assembly and increased the level of alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA). ROCK inhibition by Y-27632 and ROCK-(1+2) small interfering RNA (siRNA) resulted in less actin cytoskeleton formation, a lower alpha-SMA level, a star-like cellular morphology and membrane ruffling. LPA and ROCK inhibition induced activation of another Rho GTPase, Rac, which may explain how LPA and ROCK inhibition increases cellmigration and lamellipodium formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Cheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, 14# 3rd section, Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
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Zava S, Barello C, Pessione A, Garoffo LP, Fattori P, Montorfano G, Conti A, Giunta C, Pessione E, Berra B, Giuffrida MG. Mare's colostrum globules stimulate fibroblast growth in vitro: a biochemical study. J Med Food 2009; 12:836-45. [PMID: 19735185 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2008.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The wound repair function of mare's milk and colostrum was investigated. Mare's colostrum improved wound healing in vivo; thus fibroblast growth activation by mare's milk and colostrum was examined. As expected, colostrum was more effective than milk. To establish the biochemical nature of the bioactive molecules involved, colostrum was fractionated into whey, casein, and fat globules, and the efficacy of these fractions on fibroblast proliferation was studied. The fat globule fraction provided the strongest stimulation; its composition was studied and compared with the less-active milk fat globule fraction. The lipid pattern highlighted several differences between mare's colostrum and milk; in particular, total lipid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, ganglioside, and glycolipid contents were higher in colostrum. A proteomic investigation revealed some differences between the protein composition of colostrum and milk fat globules. Adipophylin and lactadherin were significantly overexpressed in colostrum fat globules. The role of specific lipids on skin wound repair and that of the epidermal growth factor-like domain, embedded within the lactadherin molecule and probably released in conditions stimulating proteolysis, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zava
- Institute of General Physiology and Biological Chemistry, University of Milan, Milan, Turin, Italy
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George J, Headen KV, Ogunleye AO, Perry GA, Wilwerding TM, Parrish LC, McVaney TP, Mattson JS, Cerutis DR. Lysophosphatidic Acid signals through specific lysophosphatidic Acid receptor subtypes to control key regenerative responses of human gingival and periodontal ligament fibroblasts. J Periodontol 2009; 80:1338-47. [PMID: 19656035 PMCID: PMC11037860 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2009.080624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We showed that the pluripotent platelet growth factor and mediator lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) controls key regenerative responses of human gingival fibroblasts (GFs) and periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) and positively modulates their responses to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). This study determined which LPA receptor (LPAR) subtype(s) LPA signals through to stimulate mitogenic extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 signaling and chemotaxis and to elicit intracellular Ca(2+) increases in GFs and PDLFs because many healing responses are calcium-dependent. METHODS Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase was determined using Western blotting with an antibody to phosphorylated ERK1/2. Migration responses were measured using a microchemotaxis chamber. GF and PDLF intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization responses to multiple LPA species and LPAR subtype-specific agonists were measured by using a cell-permeable fluorescent Ca(2+) indicator dye. RESULTS LPA stimulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation via LPA(1)(-3). For GFs, LPA(1) preferentially elicited chemotaxis, and LPA(1-3) for PDLFs, as confirmed using subtype-specific agonists. Elevation of intracellular calcium seems to be mediated through LPA(1) and LPA(3), with little, if any, contribution from LPA(2). CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the first evidence that LPA signals through specific LPAR subtypes to stimulate human oral fibroblast regenerative responses. These data, in conjunction with our previous findings showing that LPA modulates GF and PDLF responses to PDGF, suggest that LPA is a factor of emerging importance to oral wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- JoJu George
- Department of Pharmacology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE
| | - Karmel V. Headen
- Department of Oral Biology, Creighton University School of Dentistry, Omaha, NE
| | | | - Greg A. Perry
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | - John S. Mattson
- Department of Periodontics, Creighton University School of Dentistry
| | - D. Roselyn Cerutis
- Department of Oral Biology, Creighton University School of Dentistry, Omaha, NE
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Cerutis DR, Dreyer AC, Vierra MJ, King JP, Wagner DJ, Fimple JL, Cordini F, McVaney TP, Parrish LC, Wilwerding TM, Mattson JS. Lysophosphatidic acid modulates the healing responses of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts and enhances the actions of platelet-derived growth factor. J Periodontol 2007; 78:1136-45. [PMID: 17539729 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2007.060442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) has been used to promote healing in many in vitro and in vivo models of periodontal regeneration. PDGF interacts extensively with lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). We recently showed that LPA modulates the responses of human gingival fibroblasts to PDGF. The objectives of this study were as follows: 1) to evaluate the basic interactions of LPA with primary human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) alone and with PDGF-BB for promoting PDLF growth and migration; 2) to determine the effects in an in vitro oral wound-healing model; and 3) to identify the LPA receptors (LPARs) expressed by PDLF. METHODS PDLF regenerative responses were measured using 1 and 10 microM LPA in the absence or presence of 1 or 10 ng/ml PDGF. Cell proliferation was determined by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) immunohistochemistry and by cell counting. Migration responses were measured using a microchemotaxis chamber. PDLFs were grown to confluence on glass slides, a 3-mm-wide wound was mechanically inflicted, and wound fill on days 4, 6, and 9 was reported. PDLF LPAR expression was determined using Western blotting. RESULTS PDLFs exhibited proliferative and chemotactic responses to LPA; these responses were enhanced when LPA and PDGF were present together. LPA plus PDGF elicited complete wound fill. PDLFs express the LPARs LPA(1), LPA(2), and LPA(3). CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this study provides the first evidence that LPA stimulates human PDLF wound healing responses and interacts positively with PDGF to regulate these actions. These results suggest that LPA and its receptors play important modulatory roles in PDLF regenerative biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Roselyn Cerutis
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
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Takita T, Hayashi M, Takeichi O, Ogiso B, Suzuki N, Otsuka K, Ito K. Effect of mineral trioxide aggregate on proliferation of cultured human dental pulp cells. Int Endod J 2006; 39:415-22. [PMID: 16640642 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2006.01097.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) on the proliferation of human dental pulp (HDP) cells ex-vivo. METHODOLOGY Human dental pulp cells were cultured with MTA or calcium hydroxide-containing cement (Dycal) using culture plate inserts. Control cells were cultured with culture plate inserts only. Cell proliferation was measured for up to 14 days using a Cell Counting kit, and the concentration of calcium ions released from the tested materials was assessed using a Calcium E-test kit. To confirm that the effect of MTA was attributable to released calcium ions, cell proliferation was measured in the presence of exogenous calcium chloride as a source of calcium ions while in the absence of MTA. RESULTS Mineral trioxide aggregate significantly stimulated cell proliferation after 12 days, whereas Dycal had no such effect. The number of calcium ions released from MTA was significantly higher than that released from Dycal. Following the addition of calcium chloride, cell proliferation increased in a dose-dependent manner after 12 days. Moreover, cell proliferation showed a similar pattern whether a given concentration of calcium ions was produced by calcium chloride or by release from MTA. CONCLUSIONS In this ex-vivo study, the elution components such as calcium ions from MTA had higher proliferation ability of HDP cells than control and Dycal.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Takita
- Department of Endodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Wang FM, Hu T, Zhou X. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and alkaline phosphatase in human dental pulp cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 102:114-8. [PMID: 16831683 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2005.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2005] [Revised: 05/13/2005] [Accepted: 08/08/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the implication of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in mediating alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity in human dental pulp cells (HPCs). STUDY DESIGN Nuclear translocation of p38 was observed by immunofluorescence in isolated HPCs treated with transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1). TGF-beta1 was used to examine the interaction between p38 MAPK and Smad pathway. Role of p38 kinase in mediating ALPase activity was determined with SB203580, a specific inhibitor for the p38 pathway. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or TGF-beta1 was added to inhibit or increase ALPase activity. Statistical analysis was performed by unpaired t test. RESULTS TGF-beta1 induced nuclear translocalization of p38. Blockage of p38 pathway with SB203580 inhibited translocation of Smad2/3 to nuclei. ALPase activity decreased in cells treated with SB203580, in contrast to its vehicle (P < .05). Inhibition on enzyme activity by LPS was exacerbated by SB203580 (P < .05). Treatment with SB203580 before addition of TGF-beta1 also made a significant decrease in ALPase activity (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that p38 MAPK is implicated in regulating ALPase activity in HPCs and may interact with Smad pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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