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Sarfi S, Azaryan E, Naseri M. Immune System of Dental Pulp in Inflamed and Normal Tissue. DNA Cell Biol 2024. [PMID: 38959180 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2024.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Teeth are vulnerable to structural compromise, primarily attributed to carious lesions, in which microorganisms originating from the oral cavity deteriorate the mineralized structures of enamel and dentin, subsequently infiltrating the underlying soft connective tissue, known as the dental pulp. Nonetheless, dental pulp possesses the necessary capabilities to detect and defend against bacteria and their by-products, using a variety of intricate defense mechanisms. The pulp houses specialized cells known as odontoblasts, which encounter harmful substances produced by oral bacteria. These cells identify pathogens at an early stage and commence the immune system response. As bacteria approach the pulp, various cell types within the pulp, such as different immune cells, stem cells, fibroblasts, as well as neuronal and vascular networks, contribute a range of defense mechanisms. Therefore, the immune system is present in the healthy pulp to restrain the initial spread of pathogens, and then in the inflamed pulp, it prepares the conditions for necrosis or regeneration, so inflammatory response mechanisms play a critical role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. This review aims to consolidate the existing literature on the immune system in dental pulp, encompassing current knowledge on this topic that explains the diverse mechanisms of recognition and defense against pathogens exhibited by dental pulp cells, elucidates the mechanisms of innate and adaptive immunity in inflamed pulp, and highlights the difference between inflamed and normal pulp tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Sarfi
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Ehsaneh Azaryan
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohsen Naseri
- Cellular, and Molecular Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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2
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Nijakowski K, Ortarzewska M, Jankowski J, Lehmann A, Surdacka A. The Role of Cellular Metabolism in Maintaining the Function of the Dentine-Pulp Complex: A Narrative Review. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040520. [PMID: 37110177 PMCID: PMC10143950 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular metabolic processes ensure the physiological integrity of the dentine-pulp complex. Odontoblasts and odontoblast-like cells are responsible for the defence mechanisms in the form of tertiary dentine formation. In turn, the main defence reaction of the pulp is the development of inflammation, during which the metabolic and signalling pathways of the cells are significantly altered. The selected dental procedures, such as orthodontic treatment, resin infiltration, resin restorations or dental bleaching, can impact the cellular metabolism in the dental pulp. Among systemic metabolic diseases, diabetes mellitus causes the most consequences for the cellular metabolism of the dentine-pulp complex. Similarly, ageing processes present a proven effect on the metabolic functioning of the odontoblasts and the pulp cells. In the literature, several potential metabolic mediators demonstrating anti-inflammatory properties on inflamed dental pulp are mentioned. Moreover, the pulp stem cells exhibit the regenerative potential essential for maintaining the function of the dentine-pulp complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Nijakowski
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Martyna Ortarzewska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jakub Jankowski
- Student's Scientific Group in the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Lehmann
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Surdacka
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
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3
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Mona M, Abbasi Z, Kobeissy F, Chahbandar A, Pileggi R. A Bioinformatics Systems Biology Analysis of the Current Oral Proteomic Biomarkers and Implications for Diagnosis and Treatment of External Root Resorption. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063181. [PMID: 33804739 PMCID: PMC8003910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
External root resorption (ERR) is a silent destructive phenomenon detrimental to dental health. ERR may have multiple etiologies such as infection, inflammation, traumatic injuries, pressure, mechanical stimulations, neoplastic conditions, systemic disorders, or idiopathic causes. Often, if undiagnosed and untreated, ERR can lead to the loss of the tooth or multiple teeth. Traditionally, clinicians have relied on radiographs and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images for the diagnosis of ERR; however, these techniques are not often precise or definitive and may require exposure of patients to more ionizing radiation than necessary. To overcome these shortcomings, there is an immense need to develop non-invasive approaches such as biomarker screening methods for rapid and precise diagnosis for ERR. In this review, we performed a literature survey for potential salivary or gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) proteomic biomarkers associated with ERR and analyzed the potential pathways leading to ERR. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first proteomics biomarker survey that connects ERR to body biofluids which represents a novel approach to diagnose and even monitor treatment progress for ERR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Mona
- Department of Endodontics, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (Z.A.); (A.C.); (R.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Zunnaira Abbasi
- Department of Endodontics, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (Z.A.); (A.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Emergency Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Abdulrahman Chahbandar
- Department of Endodontics, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (Z.A.); (A.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Roberta Pileggi
- Department of Endodontics, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (Z.A.); (A.C.); (R.P.)
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Desai V, Chitguppi R. Nonsyndromic dentin genetic diseases: Dentinogenesis imperfecta Type III: A unique presentation of rhizomegaly, taurodontism, and dilacerated roots. SAUDI JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/sjoralsci.sjoralsci_17_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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5
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Chung MP, Richardson C, Kirakossian D, Orandi AB, Saketkoo LA, Rider LG, Schiffenbauer A, von Mühlen CA, Chung L. Calcinosis Biomarkers in Adult and Juvenile Dermatomyositis. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 19:102533. [PMID: 32234404 PMCID: PMC7225028 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dermatomyositis (DM) is a rare idiopathic inflammatory myopathy characterized by muscle weakness and cutaneous manifestations in adults and children. Calcinosis, a complication of DM, is the abnormal deposition of insoluble calcium salts in tissues, including skin, subcutaneous tissue, tendons, fascia, and muscle. Calcinosis is more commonly seen in juvenile DM (JDM), but also develops in adult DM. Although the mechanism of calcinosis remains unclear, several pathogenic hypotheses have been proposed, including intracellular accumulation of calcium secondary to an alteration of the cellular membrane by trauma and inflammation, local vascular ischemia, dysregulation of mechanisms controlling the deposition and solubility of calcium and phosphate, and mitochondrial damage of muscle cells. Identifying calcinosis biomarkers is important for early disease detection and risk assessment, and may lead to novel therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of DM-associated calcinosis. In this review, we summarize myositis autoantibodies associated with calcinosis in DM, histopathology and chemical composition of calcinosis, genetic and inflammatory markers that have been studied in adult DM and JDM-associated calcinosis, as well as potential novel biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody P Chung
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Carrie Richardson
- Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David Kirakossian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaiser Permanente Santa Clara, Santa Clara, CA, USA
| | - Amir B Orandi
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lesley A Saketkoo
- Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans Scleroderma and Sarcoidosis Patient Care and Research Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Lisa G Rider
- Environmental Autoimmunity Group, Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adam Schiffenbauer
- Environmental Autoimmunity Group, Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carlos A von Mühlen
- Consultant in Rheumatology and Clinical Pathology, San Diego, USA; Brazilian Society of Autoimmunity, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lorinda Chung
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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6
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Fawzy El-Sayed KM, Elsalawy R, Ibrahim N, Gadalla M, Albargasy H, Zahra N, Mokhtar S, El Nahhas N, El Kaliouby Y, Dörfer CE. The Dental Pulp Stem/Progenitor Cells-Mediated Inflammatory-Regenerative Axis. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2019; 25:445-460. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karim M. Fawzy El-Sayed
- Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Nehal Zahra
- Faculty of Dentistry, New Giza University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Christof E. Dörfer
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
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da Rosa WLO, Piva E, da Silva AF. Disclosing the physiology of pulp tissue for vital pulp therapy. Int Endod J 2018; 51:829-846. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. L. O. da Rosa
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Federal University of Pelotas; Pelotas Brazil
| | - E. Piva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Federal University of Pelotas; Pelotas Brazil
| | - A. F. da Silva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Federal University of Pelotas; Pelotas Brazil
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Smith AJ, Duncan HF, Diogenes A, Simon S, Cooper PR. Exploiting the Bioactive Properties of the Dentin-Pulp Complex in Regenerative Endodontics. J Endod 2016; 42:47-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Dental Pulp Defence and Repair Mechanisms in Dental Caries. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:230251. [PMID: 26538821 PMCID: PMC4619960 DOI: 10.1155/2015/230251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is a chronic infectious disease resulting from the penetration of oral bacteria into the enamel and dentin. Microorganisms subsequently trigger inflammatory responses in the dental pulp. These events can lead to pulp healing if the infection is not too severe following the removal of diseased enamel and dentin tissues and clinical restoration of the tooth. However, chronic inflammation often persists in the pulp despite treatment, inducing permanent loss of normal tissue and reducing innate repair capacities. For complete tooth healing the formation of a reactionary/reparative dentin barrier to distance and protect the pulp from infectious agents and restorative materials is required. Clinical and in vitro experimental data clearly indicate that dentin barrier formation only occurs when pulp inflammation and infection are minimised, thus enabling reestablishment of tissue homeostasis and health. Therefore, promoting the resolution of pulp inflammation may provide a valuable therapeutic opportunity to ensure the sustainability of dental treatments. This paper focusses on key cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in pulp responses to bacteria and in the pulpal transition between caries-induced inflammation and dentinogenic-based repair. We report, using selected examples, different strategies potentially used by odontoblasts and specialized immune cells to combat dentin-invading bacteria in vivo.
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de La Dure-Molla M, Philippe Fournier B, Berdal A. Isolated dentinogenesis imperfecta and dentin dysplasia: revision of the classification. Eur J Hum Genet 2014; 23:445-51. [PMID: 25118030 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dentinogenesis imperfecta is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by severe hypomineralization of dentin and altered dentin structure. Dentin extra cellular matrix is composed of 90% of collagen type I and 10% of non-collagenous proteins among which dentin sialoprotein (DSP), dentin glycoprotein (DGP) and dentin phosphoprotein (DPP) are crucial in dentinogenesis. These proteins are encoded by a single gene: dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and undergo several post-translational modifications such as glycosylation and phosphorylation to contribute and to control mineralization. Human mutations of this DSPP gene are responsible for three isolated dentinal diseases classified by Shield in 1973: type II and III dentinogenesis imperfecta and type II dentin dysplasia. Shield classification was based on clinical phenotypes observed in patient. Genetics results show now that these three diseases are a severity variation of the same pathology. So this review aims to revise and to propose a new classification of the isolated forms of DI to simplify diagnosis for practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel de La Dure-Molla
- 1] Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 872, Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, Paris, France [2] Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France [3] The Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University, Paris, France [4] Paris-Diderot, School of Dentistry, Paris, France [5] Reference Center for Dental Rare Disease, MAFACE Rothschild Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Philippe Fournier
- 1] Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 872, Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, Paris, France [2] Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France [3] The Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University, Paris, France [4] Paris-Diderot, School of Dentistry, Paris, France [5] Reference Center for Dental Rare Disease, MAFACE Rothschild Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Ariane Berdal
- 1] Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 872, Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, Paris, France [2] Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France [3] The Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University, Paris, France [4] Paris-Diderot, School of Dentistry, Paris, France [5] Reference Center for Dental Rare Disease, MAFACE Rothschild Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
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Sriarj W, Aoki K, Ohya K, Takahashi M, Takagi Y, Shimokawa H. TGF-β in dentin matrix extract induces osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Odontology 2013; 103:9-18. [PMID: 24366403 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-013-0140-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we have demonstrated that the extracellular matrix from dentin affects osteoclastic activity in co-culture between osteoclast and osteoblast-rich fraction from mouse marrow cells. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the mechanisms of dentin matrix extract-induced osteoclastogenesis in mouse bone marrow macrophages (BMMs). Dentin proteins were extracted from bovine incisor root dentin using 0.6 M HCl. BMMs were cultured in α-MEM containing macrophage colony-stimulating factor/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand in the presence or absence of dentin matrix extract. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cell number, total TRAP activity, and the mRNA levels of osteoclast-related genes, assayed by real-time RT-PCR, were determined as markers of osteoclastogenesis. A neutralizing antibody against transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), SB431542, a TGF-β receptor inhibitor, and ELISA were used to determine the role of TGF-β1. We observed increases in TRAP-positive cell number, TRAP activity, and the mRNA levels of osteoclast-related genes of BMMs cultured with dentin extract. The use of a neutralizing antibody against TGF-β1 or SB431542 inhibited the inductive effect of dentin extract, suggesting TGF-β1 involvement. The addition of exogenous TGF-β1, but not bone morphogenic protein-2, also increased osteoclastogenesis, corresponding to the ELISA determination of TGF-β1 in the dentin extract. In conclusion, our results indicate that proteins from dentin matrix have an inductive effect in osteoclastogenesis, which is mediated, in part, by TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wannakorn Sriarj
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, 34, Henri-Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand,
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12
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Cooper PR, Smith AJ. Molecular mediators of pulp inflammation and regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/etp.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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13
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Recruitment of dental pulp cells by dentine and pulp extracellular matrix components. Exp Cell Res 2012; 318:2397-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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14
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Dentine as a bioactive extracellular matrix. Arch Oral Biol 2012; 57:109-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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15
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Cooper PR, Takahashi Y, Graham LW, Simon S, Imazato S, Smith AJ. Inflammation–regeneration interplay in the dentine–pulp complex. J Dent 2010; 38:687-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2010.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Revised: 04/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Mineral trioxide aggregate stimulates macrophages and mast cells to release neutrophil chemotactic factors: role of IL-1β, MIP-2 and LTB4. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 109:e135-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Revised: 08/11/2009] [Accepted: 08/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Phenotype and behaviour of dental pulp cells during expansion culture. Arch Oral Biol 2009; 54:898-908. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2009.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2009] [Revised: 06/23/2009] [Accepted: 06/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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18
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Urganus AL, Zhao YD, Pachman LM. Juvenile dermatomyositis calcifications selectively displayed markers of bone formation. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2009; 61:501-8. [PMID: 19333978 PMCID: PMC2741135 DOI: 10.1002/art.24391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the presence of small integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoprotein (SIBLING) and bone components in juvenile dermatomyositis (DM) pathologic calcifications. METHODS Calcifications were removed from 4 girls with juvenile DM symptoms for mean +/- SD 36.9 +/- 48.3 months and were stained for SIBLING proteins: full-length osteopontin (OPN), bone sialoprotein (BSP), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), dentin phosphoprotein (DPP), and matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE); bone markers: osteocalcin (OC), core-binding factor alpha 1 (CBFalpha1), and alkaline phosphatase (AP) for osteoblasts; tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) for osteoclasts; and the mineral regulators osteonectin (ON) and matrix Gla protein (MGP). The deposit center, periphery, adjacent connective tissue, and vascular endothelial cells were examined. RESULTS Alizarin red stained calcified deposits that did not localize with collagen, like bone, under polarized light. Hematoxylin and eosin stain revealed a paucity of connective tissue and absence of bone-like structures. The deposits, connective tissue, and vascular endothelial cells were positive for BSP, DPP, DMP1, and AP; MEPE was not detected. OC, ON, and MGP were present in the deposits and vascular endothelial cells; OPN and CBFalpha1 were present in deposits and connective tissue. TRAP-positive osteoclasts were localized to the calcification periphery. CONCLUSION The disorganized juvenile DM calcifications differ in structure, composition, and protein content from bone, suggesting that they may not form through an osteogenic pathway. Osteoclasts at the deposit surface represent an attempt to initiate its resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette L. Urganus
- Molecular and Cellular Pathobiology Program, Children’s Memorial Research Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
| | - Yong-Dong Zhao
- Molecular and Cellular Pathobiology Program, Children’s Memorial Research Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
| | - Lauren M. Pachman
- Molecular and Cellular Pathobiology Program, Children’s Memorial Research Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Children's Memorial Hospital, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
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Gomes AC, Filho JEG, de Oliveira SHP. MTA-induced neutrophil recruitment: a mechanism dependent on IL-1β, MIP-2, and LTB4. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 106:450-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2008.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2007] [Revised: 03/26/2008] [Accepted: 03/27/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Yao Z, Xing L, Qin C, Schwarz EM, Boyce BF. Osteoclast precursor interaction with bone matrix induces osteoclast formation directly by an interleukin-1-mediated autocrine mechanism. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:9917-24. [PMID: 18250170 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m706415200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) mediate bone resorption in a variety of diseases affecting bone. Like TNF, IL-1 is secreted by osteoclast precursors (OCPs), but unlike TNF, it does not induce osteoclast formation directly from OCPs in vitro. TNF induces IL-1 expression and activates c-Fos, a transcription factor required in OCPs for osteoclast formation. Here, we examined whether IL-1 can induce osteoclast formation directly from OCPs overexpressing c-Fos and whether interaction with bone matrix affects OCP cytokine expression. We infected OCPs with c-Fos or green fluorescent protein retrovirus, cultured them with macrophage colony-stimulating factor and IL-1 on bone slices or plastic dishes, and assessed osteoclast and resorption pit formation and expression of IL-1 by OCPs. We used a Transwell assay to determine whether OCPs secrete IL-1 when they interact with bone matrix. IL-1 induced osteoclast formation directly from c-Fos-expressing OCPs on plastic. c-Fos-expressing OCPs formed osteoclasts spontaneously on bone slices without addition of cytokines. OCPs on bone secreted IL-1, which induced osteoclast formation from c-Fos-expressing OCPs in the lower Transwell dishes. The bone matrix proteins dentin sialoprotein and osteopontin, but not transforming growth factor-beta, stimulated OCP expression of IL-1 and induced c-Fos-expressing OCP differentiation into osteoclasts. Osteoclasts eroding inflamed joints have higher c-Fos expression compared with osteoclasts inside bone. We conclude that OCPs expressing c-Fos may induce their differentiation directly into osteoclasts by an autocrine mechanism in which they produce IL-1 through interaction with bone matrix. TNF could induce c-Fos expression in OCPs at sites of inflammation in bone to promote this autocrine mechanism and thus amplify bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqiang Yao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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