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Chan EKL, von Mühlen CA, Fritzler MJ, Damoiseaux J, Infantino M, Klotz W, Satoh M, Musset L, Torre IGDL, Carballo OG, Herold M, Cruvinel WDM, Mimori T, Conrad K, Andrade LEC. Correction to: The International Consensus on ANA Patterns (ICAP) in 2021-the 6th Workshop and Current Perspectives. J Appl Lab Med 2023; 8:419. [PMID: 35245361 DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfac013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Chan EKL, von Mühlen CA, Fritzler MJ, Damoiseaux J, Infantino M, Klotz W, Satoh M, Musset L, García-De La Torre I, Carballo OG, Herold M, de Melo Cruvinel W, Mimori T, Andrade LEC. The International Consensus on ANA Patterns (ICAP) in 2021-The 6th Workshop and Current Perspectives. J Appl Lab Med 2022; 7:322-330. [PMID: 34996073 DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfab140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of the International Consensus on ANA Patterns (ICAP) in 2014-2015 was welcomed by members of the medical community as a significant improvement in guiding harmonization of ANA test interpretation and reporting. In the subsequent years, several itinerant meetings and continuous interaction with the community contributed to disseminate the ICAP harmonization on the immunofluorescence patterns observed in the indirect immunofluorescence assay on HEp-2 cells (HEp-2 IFA) and to promote progressive improvement in the classification of HEp-2 IFA patterns. The 6th ICAP Workshop was held in person on September 6, 2021 as a satellite meeting of the 15th Dresden Symposium on Autoantibodies. This article summarizes the major discussions at the meeting as well as outlining the current plans for the ICAP committee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward K L Chan
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Carlos A von Mühlen
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil, and Private Consultant in Rheumatology and Clinical Pathology, San Diego, USA
| | - Marvin J Fritzler
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jan Damoiseaux
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Infantino
- Immunology and Allergy Laboratory, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Werner Klotz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Minoru Satoh
- Department of Clinical Nursing, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Lucile Musset
- Department of Immunology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Ignacio García-De La Torre
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hospital General de Occidente, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Orlando Gabriel Carballo
- Laboratory of Immunology, Hospital Carlos G. Durand, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Manfred Herold
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Tsuneyo Mimori
- Ijinkai Takeda General Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Luis E C Andrade
- Rheumatology Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Immunology Division, Fleury Medicine and Health Laboratories, São Paulo, Brazil
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Chung MP, Richardson C, Kirakossian D, Orandi AB, Saketkoo LA, Rider LG, Schiffenbauer A, von Mühlen CA, Chung L. Calcinosis Biomarkers in Adult and Juvenile Dermatomyositis. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 19:102533. [PMID: 32234404 PMCID: PMC7225028 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dermatomyositis (DM) is a rare idiopathic inflammatory myopathy characterized by muscle weakness and cutaneous manifestations in adults and children. Calcinosis, a complication of DM, is the abnormal deposition of insoluble calcium salts in tissues, including skin, subcutaneous tissue, tendons, fascia, and muscle. Calcinosis is more commonly seen in juvenile DM (JDM), but also develops in adult DM. Although the mechanism of calcinosis remains unclear, several pathogenic hypotheses have been proposed, including intracellular accumulation of calcium secondary to an alteration of the cellular membrane by trauma and inflammation, local vascular ischemia, dysregulation of mechanisms controlling the deposition and solubility of calcium and phosphate, and mitochondrial damage of muscle cells. Identifying calcinosis biomarkers is important for early disease detection and risk assessment, and may lead to novel therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of DM-associated calcinosis. In this review, we summarize myositis autoantibodies associated with calcinosis in DM, histopathology and chemical composition of calcinosis, genetic and inflammatory markers that have been studied in adult DM and JDM-associated calcinosis, as well as potential novel biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody P Chung
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Carrie Richardson
- Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David Kirakossian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaiser Permanente Santa Clara, Santa Clara, CA, USA
| | - Amir B Orandi
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lesley A Saketkoo
- Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans Scleroderma and Sarcoidosis Patient Care and Research Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Lisa G Rider
- Environmental Autoimmunity Group, Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adam Schiffenbauer
- Environmental Autoimmunity Group, Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carlos A von Mühlen
- Consultant in Rheumatology and Clinical Pathology, San Diego, USA; Brazilian Society of Autoimmunity, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lorinda Chung
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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Andrade LE, Klotz W, Herold M, Conrad K, Rönnelid J, Fritzler MJ, von Mühlen CA, Satoh M, Damoiseaux J, de Melo Cruvinel W, Chan EK. International consensus on antinuclear antibody patterns: definition of the AC-29 pattern associated with antibodies to DNA topoisomerase I. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 56:1783-1788. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2018-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) on HEp-2 cells is the reference method for autoantibody screening. The HEp-2 IFA pattern provides useful information on the possible autoantibodies in the sample. The International Consensus on Antinuclear Antibody Patterns (ICAP) initiative seeks to define and harmonize the nomenclature of HEp-2 IFA patterns. The most relevant and usual patterns have been assigned an alphanumeric code from anti-cell (AC)-1 to AC-28 and were organized into a classification algorithm (www.ANApatterns.org). The systemic sclerosis-associated autoantibodies to DNA topoisomerase I (Topo I) produce a peculiar composite 5-element HEp-2 IFA pattern (Topo I-like pattern) comprising the staining of the nucleus, metaphase chromatin plate, nucleolar organizing region, cytoplasm and nucleolus. In a recent assessment of the European Consensus Finding Study Group on autoantibodies, a well-defined anti-Topo I sample was blindly analyzed and classified according to ICAP AC patterns by 43 participant laboratories across Europe. There were wide variations among these laboratories in reporting nuclear, nucleolar and cytoplasmic patterns, indicating the inadequacy of the existing AC patterns to report the Topo I-like pattern. Several ICAP member laboratories independently demonstrated the overall consistency of the HEp-2 IFA Topo I-like pattern using HEp-2 slides from different manufacturers. The ICAP committee reviewed 24 candidate images and selected the four most representative images to be available on the ICAP website. The proper recognition of the AC-29 pattern should trigger suspicion of the presence of anti-Topo I antibodies, which may engender appropriate analyte-specific reflex tests to confirm the autoantibody specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E.C. Andrade
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo , Rua Botucatu 740 , São Paulo, SP 04023-062 , Brazil
- Immunology Division, Fleury Medicine and Health Laboratories , São Paulo , Brazil , Phone/Fax: +55-11-5576-4239
| | - Werner Klotz
- Department of Internal Medicine II , Medical University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Manfred Herold
- Department of Internal Medicine II , Medical University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Karsten Conrad
- Institute of Immunology , Technical University of Dresden , Dresden , Germany
| | - Johan Rönnelid
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Marvin J. Fritzler
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine , University of Calgary , Calgary, AB , Canada
| | | | - Minoru Satoh
- Department of Clinical Nursing , University of Occupational and Environmental Health , Kitakyushu , Japan
| | - Jan Damoiseaux
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory , Maastricht University, Medical Center , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | | | - Edward K.L. Chan
- Department of Oral Biology , University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
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Franck M, Staub HL, Petracco JB, Norman GL, Lassen AJ, Schiavo N, Borges RBK, von Mühlen CA. Autoantibodies to the Atheroma Component Beta2-Glycoprotein I and Risk of Symptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease. Angiology 2016; 58:295-302. [PMID: 17626983 DOI: 10.1177/0003319707302493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is mostly related to atherosclerosis. Autoimmunity and, in particular, antibodies to cardiolipin (aCL) and phospholipid cofactors such as beta2-glycoprotein I (beta2-gpI) might influence the development of atheroma. Beta2-glycoprotein I (beta2-gpI) has been found in atheroma. It has previously been shown that immunoglobulin A (IgA) anti-beta2-gpI antibodies are associated with a risk of cerebral ischemia and myocardial infarction. This case control study aimed to determine whether elevated levels of aCL/anti-beta2-gpI antibodies are associated with a risk of symptomatic PAD (sPAD). Cases comprised a nonselected population of patients with sPAD (intermittent claudication or critical ischemia). Patient recruitment was based on arteriography changes. Controls were selected from patients admitted to orthopedic wards as a result of fractures or muscle-ligamentous disorders. Age, sex, race, hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia were evaluated as risk factors in both groups. IgG/IgM/IgA aCL and anti-beta2-gpI were detected by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbant assays (ELISA). To estimate the grade of association of antibodies with sPAD, odds ratios (OR) were calculated. Logistic regression was utilized for adjustment of confounding factors. Seventy-seven cases and 93 controls were studied. The mean age was 61.5 years for cases and 47.5 years for controls (p <0.001). Among the risk factors evaluated, the presence of hypertension showed the strongest association with sPAD (OR 12.1; 95%CI 5.8—30). The presence of IgA anti-beta2-gpI was independently associated with sPAD (OR 5.4; 95%CI 1.8—15.8; p = 0.01). IgA aCL was strongly associated with the outcome (nonadjusted OR 11.5 after Agresti correction). IgA aCL and IgA anti-beta2-gpI antibodies were not associated with any known risk factors for sPAD or with arteriography changes. The occurrence of these autoantibodies might represent one of the links between autoimmunity and atherosclerosis in patients with sPAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Franck
- Department of Rheumatology, Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Damoiseaux J, von Mühlen CA, Garcia-De La Torre I, Carballo OG, de Melo Cruvinel W, Francescantonio PLC, Fritzler MJ, Herold M, Mimori T, Satoh M, Andrade LEC, Chan EKL, Conrad K. International consensus on ANA patterns (ICAP): the bumpy road towards a consensus on reporting ANA results. Auto Immun Highlights 2016; 7:1. [PMID: 26831867 PMCID: PMC4733811 DOI: 10.1007/s13317-016-0075-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The International Consensus on ANA Patterns (ICAP) was initiated as a workshop aiming to thoroughly discuss and achieve consensus regarding the morphological patterns observed in the indirect immunofluorescence assay on HEp-2 cells. One of the topics discussed at the second ICAP workshop, and addressed in this paper, was the harmonization of reporting ANA test results. This discussion centered on the issue if cytoplasmic and mitotic patterns should be reported as positive or negative. This report outlines the issues that impact on two major different reporting methods. Although it was appreciated by all participants that cytoplasmic and mitotic patterns are clinically relevant, implications for existing diagnostic/classification criteria for ANA-associated diseases in particular hampered a final consensus on this topic. Evidently, a more concerted action of all relevant stakeholders is required. Future ICAP workshops may help to facilitate this action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Damoiseaux
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX, Maastricht, Netherlands.
| | | | - Ignacio Garcia-De La Torre
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hospital General de Occidente, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Orlando Gabriel Carballo
- Laboratory of Immunology, Hospital Carlos G. Durand, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Marvin J Fritzler
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Manfred Herold
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tsuneyo Mimori
- Department of the Control for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Minoru Satoh
- Department of Clinical Nursing, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Luis E C Andrade
- Rheumatology Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Fleury Medicine and Health Laboratories, Immunology Division, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edward K L Chan
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Karsten Conrad
- Institute of Immunology, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Chan EKL, Damoiseaux J, Carballo OG, Conrad K, de Melo Cruvinel W, Francescantonio PLC, Fritzler MJ, Garcia-De La Torre I, Herold M, Mimori T, Satoh M, von Mühlen CA, Andrade LEC. Report of the First International Consensus on Standardized Nomenclature of Antinuclear Antibody HEp-2 Cell Patterns 2014-2015. Front Immunol 2015; 6:412. [PMID: 26347739 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00412/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
During the 12th International Workshop on Autoantibodies and Autoimmunity held in Sao Paulo, Brazil, on August 28, 2014, a full day session was devoted to establishing a consensus on the nomenclature of staining patterns observed in the antinuclear antibody (ANA) indirect immunofluorescence test on HEp-2 cells. The current report summarizes the collective agreements with input from the host Brazilian and international communities that represented research, clinical, and diagnostic service laboratories. Patterns are categorized in three major groups (nuclear, cytoplasmic, and mitotic patterns) and each pattern has been defined and described in detail. The consensus nomenclature and representative patterns are made available online at the international consensus on antinuclear antibody pattern (ICAP) website (www.ANApatterns.org). To facilitate continuous improvement and input, specific comments on ICAP are encouraged and these will be discussed in subsequent ICAP meetings. The ultimate goal with the establishment of the ICAP is to promote harmonization and understanding of autoantibody test nomenclature, as well as interpretation guidelines for ANA testing, thereby optimizing usage in patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward K L Chan
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
| | - Jan Damoiseaux
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center , Maastricht , Netherlands
| | - Orlando Gabriel Carballo
- Laboratory of Immunology, Hospital Carlos G. Durand , Buenos Aires , Argentina ; Department of Immunology, Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Karsten Conrad
- Institute of Immunology, Technical University of Dresden , Dresden , Germany
| | | | | | - Marvin J Fritzler
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary, AB , Canada
| | - Ignacio Garcia-De La Torre
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hospital General de Occidente, University of Guadalajara , Guadalajara , Mexico
| | - Manfred Herold
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Medical University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Tsuneyo Mimori
- Department of the Control for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan ; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Minoru Satoh
- Department of Clinical Nursing, University of Occupational and Environmental Health , Kitakyushu , Japan
| | | | - Luis E C Andrade
- Rheumatology Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil ; Immunology Division, Fleury Medicine and Health Laboratories , São Paulo , Brazil
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Chan EKL, Damoiseaux J, Carballo OG, Conrad K, de Melo Cruvinel W, Francescantonio PLC, Fritzler MJ, Garcia-De La Torre I, Herold M, Mimori T, Satoh M, von Mühlen CA, Andrade LEC. Report of the First International Consensus on Standardized Nomenclature of Antinuclear Antibody HEp-2 Cell Patterns 2014-2015. Front Immunol 2015; 6:412. [PMID: 26347739 PMCID: PMC4542633 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
During the 12th International Workshop on Autoantibodies and Autoimmunity held in Sao Paulo, Brazil, on August 28, 2014, a full day session was devoted to establishing a consensus on the nomenclature of staining patterns observed in the antinuclear antibody (ANA) indirect immunofluorescence test on HEp-2 cells. The current report summarizes the collective agreements with input from the host Brazilian and international communities that represented research, clinical, and diagnostic service laboratories. Patterns are categorized in three major groups (nuclear, cytoplasmic, and mitotic patterns) and each pattern has been defined and described in detail. The consensus nomenclature and representative patterns are made available online at the international consensus on antinuclear antibody pattern (ICAP) website (www.ANApatterns.org). To facilitate continuous improvement and input, specific comments on ICAP are encouraged and these will be discussed in subsequent ICAP meetings. The ultimate goal with the establishment of the ICAP is to promote harmonization and understanding of autoantibody test nomenclature, as well as interpretation guidelines for ANA testing, thereby optimizing usage in patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward K. L. Chan
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jan Damoiseaux
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Orlando Gabriel Carballo
- Laboratory of Immunology, Hospital Carlos G. Durand, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karsten Conrad
- Institute of Immunology, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Marvin J. Fritzler
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ignacio Garcia-De La Torre
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hospital General de Occidente, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Manfred Herold
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tsuneyo Mimori
- Department of the Control for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Minoru Satoh
- Department of Clinical Nursing, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | | | - Luis E. C. Andrade
- Rheumatology Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Immunology Division, Fleury Medicine and Health Laboratories, São Paulo, Brazil
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Carcamo WC, Calise SJ, von Mühlen CA, Satoh M, Chan EKL. Molecular cell biology and immunobiology of mammalian rod/ring structures. Int Rev Cell Mol Biol 2014; 308:35-74. [PMID: 24411169 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800097-7.00002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide biosynthesis is a highly regulated process necessary for cell growth and replication. Cytoplasmic structures in mammalian cells, provisionally described as rods and rings (RR), were identified by human autoantibodies and recently shown to include two key enzymes of the CTP/GTP biosynthetic pathways, cytidine triphosphate synthetase (CTPS) and inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH). Several studies have described CTPS filaments in mammalian cells, Drosophila, yeast, and bacteria. Other studies have identified IMPDH filaments in mammalian cells. Similarities among these studies point to a common evolutionarily conserved cytoplasmic structure composed of a subset of nucleotide biosynthetic enzymes. These structures appear to be a conserved metabolic response to decreased intracellular GTP and/or CTP pools. Antibodies to RR were found to develop in some hepatitis C patients treated with interferon-α and ribavirin. Additionally, the presence of anti-RR antibodies was correlated with poor treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy C Carcamo
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - S John Calise
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Minoru Satoh
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Department of Clinical Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Edward K L Chan
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
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Carcamo WC, Satoh M, Kasahara H, Terada N, Hamazaki T, Chan JYF, Yao B, Tamayo S, Covini G, von Mühlen CA, Chan EKL. Induction of cytoplasmic rods and rings structures by inhibition of the CTP and GTP synthetic pathway in mammalian cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e29690. [PMID: 22220215 PMCID: PMC3248424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cytoplasmic filamentous rods and rings (RR) structures were identified using human autoantibodies as probes. In the present study, the formation of these conserved structures in mammalian cells and functions linked to these structures were examined. Methodology/Principal Findings Distinct cytoplasmic rods (∼3–10 µm in length) and rings (∼2–5 µm in diameter) in HEp-2 cells were initially observed in immunofluorescence using human autoantibodies. Co-localization studies revealed that, although RR had filament-like features, they were not enriched in actin, tubulin, or vimentin, and not associated with centrosomes or other known cytoplasmic structures. Further independent studies revealed that two key enzymes in the nucleotide synthetic pathway cytidine triphosphate synthase 1 (CTPS1) and inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 (IMPDH2) were highly enriched in RR. CTPS1 enzyme inhibitors 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine and Acivicin as well as the IMPDH2 inhibitor Ribavirin exhibited dose-dependent induction of RR in >95% of cells in all cancer cell lines tested as well as mouse primary cells. RR formation by lower concentration of Ribavirin was enhanced in IMPDH2-knockdown HeLa cells whereas it was inhibited in GFP-IMPDH2 overexpressed HeLa cells. Interestingly, RR were detected readily in untreated mouse embryonic stem cells (>95%); upon retinoic acid differentiation, RR disassembled in these cells but reformed when treated with Acivicin. Conclusions/Significance RR formation represented response to disturbances in the CTP or GTP synthetic pathways in cancer cell lines and mouse primary cells and RR are the convergence physical structures in these pathways. The availability of specific markers for these conserved structures and the ability to induce formation in vitro will allow further investigations in structure and function of RR in many biological systems in health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy C. Carcamo
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Minoru Satoh
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Hideko Kasahara
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Naohiro Terada
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Takashi Hamazaki
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jason Y. F. Chan
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Bing Yao
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Tamayo
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Giovanni Covini
- Department of Gastroenterology, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Edward K. L. Chan
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Covini G, Carcamo WC, Bredi E, von Mühlen CA, Colombo M, Chan EKL. Cytoplasmic rods and rings autoantibodies developed during pegylated interferon and ribavirin therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Antivir Ther 2011; 17:805-11. [PMID: 22293655 DOI: 10.3851/imp1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum autoantibodies are frequently detected in patients with chronic HCV infection, reflecting the wide spectrum of immune reactions related to this virus. In the present study, a novel autoantibody to cytoplasmic rods and rings (RR) in chronic HCV patients was characterized. METHODS Sera from 75 previously untreated HCV patients were investigated by indirect immunofluorescence using HEp-2 cell substrate before and during pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN)/ribavirin (RBV) therapy. HEp-2 cells were cultured and fixed either following standard protocols or with the addition of RBV in culture medium. RESULTS In 15 out of 75 (20%) patients, analysis revealed the presence of antibodies to rod-like cytoplasmic structures ranging approximately 3-10 μm in length and rings approximately 2-5 μm in diameter. These RR structures became detectable in >95% of cells after addition of RBV in culture medium, whereas they were absent in untreated cells. Anti-RR antibodies were found in sera collected during PEG-IFN/RBV treatment only, but never detected before antiviral therapy nor in control groups. More importantly, these anti-RR antibodies were more often detected in non-responder/relapsers than in responder patients (33% versus 11%; P-value =0.037). CONCLUSIONS An RBV-induced autoantibody was identified to a new cytoplasmic autoantigenic structure developed in HCV patients after PEG-IFN/RBV and this same structure can be induced by RBV in in vitro culture. Owing to the onset of anti-RR antibodies in PEG-IFN/RBV-treated patients and their association with a treatment failure, studies are deemed necessary to clarify whether anti-RR plays a role in the response to PEG-IFN/RBV therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Covini
- Department of Gastroenterology, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Milan, Italy.
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Iverson GM, von Mühlen CA, Staub HL, Lassen AJ, Binder W, Norman GL. Patients with atherosclerotic syndrome, negative in anti-cardiolipin assays, make IgA autoantibodies that preferentially target domain 4 of β2-GPI. J Autoimmun 2006; 27:266-71. [PMID: 17081732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2006.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2006] [Revised: 09/13/2006] [Accepted: 09/16/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Autoantibodies targeting beta2-glycoprotein l (beta2-GPI), a component of the atherosclerotic plaque, are commonly found in patients with acute ischemic syndromes. Serum samples from APS (antiphospholipid syndrome) patients and from cardiovascular patients exhibiting acute atherosclerotic syndromes were analyzed for IgG and IgA antibodies in both anti-beta2-GPI and anticardiolipin (aCL) ELISA assays. All of the APS samples used here were positive in both assays. Serum samples from 382 atherosclerosis patients were also analyzed for IgG and IgA antibodies in the same assays. In sharp contrast to the APS samples, we found that only 1% of the samples from atherosclerosis patients were positive for IgA aCL, and 1.6% positive for IgG aCL, whereas 35.6% were positive for IgA anti-beta2-GPI and only 1.6% for IgG anti-beta2-GPI. The antigenic specificity of 29 serum samples from atherosclerosis patients was evaluated. Six different recombinant domain-deleted mutants (DM) of human beta2-GPI and full-length human beta2-GPI (wild-type) were used in competitive inhibition assays to inhibit the autoantibodies from binding in the anti-beta2-GPI ELISA assays. Domain-deleted mutants D--345 and D--45 inhibited the binding in the IgA anti-beta2-GPI assay, suggesting that these autoantibodies recognize domain 4 of the beta2-GPI molecule. These results clearly show that IgA anti-beta2-GPI autoantibodies from atherosclerotic patients are distinct from IgA autoantibodies found in APS samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Michael Iverson
- INOVA Diagnostics, Inc., 9900 Old Grove Road, San Diego, CA 92131-1638, USA.
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Mahler M, Kessenbrock K, Szmyrka M, Takasaki Y, Garcia-De La Torre I, Shoenfeld Y, Hiepe F, Shun-le C, von Mühlen CA, Locht H, Höpfl P, Wiik A, Reeves W, Fritzler MJ. International multicenter evaluation of autoantibodies to ribosomal P proteins. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2006; 13:77-83. [PMID: 16426003 PMCID: PMC1356623 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.13.1.77-83.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autoantibodies to the ribosomal phosphoproteins (Rib-P) are a serological feature of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The reported prevalence of anti-Rib-P antibodies in SLE ranges from 10 to 40%, being higher in Asian patients. The variation in the observed frequency may be related to a number of factors but is dependent in large part on the test system used to detect the autoantibodies. An association of anti-Rib-P with central nervous system involvement and neuropsychiatric manifestations of SLE has been controversial. In the present international multicenter study, we evaluated the clinical accuracy of a new sensitive Rib-P-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on recombinant Rib-P polypeptides. The results showed that 21.3% of 947 SLE patients, but only 0.7% of 1,113 control patients, had a positive test result (P < 0.0001). The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and diagnostic efficiency were determined to be 21.3%, 99.3%, 95.6%, 62.2%, and 65.3%, respectively. When evaluated in the context of participating centers, the prevalence of anti-Rib-P antibodies was found in descending frequency, as follows: China (35%) > Poland (34%) > Japan (28%) > United States (26%) > Germany (Freiburg; 23.3%) > Denmark (20.5%) > Germany (Berlin; 19%) > Mexico (15.7%) > Israel (11.7%) > Brazil (10%) > Canada (8%). The substantial data from this study indicate that the prevalence of anti-Rib-P antibodies may not be restricted to the genetic background of the patients or to the detection system but may depend on regional practice differences and patient selection. We confirm previously reported associations of antiribosomal antibodies with clinical symptoms and serological findings. Remarkably, we found a lower occurrence of serositis in Rib-P-positive lupus patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mahler
- Dr. Fooke Laboratorien GmbH, Mainstr. 85, 41469 Neuss, Germany.
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Machado SH, von Mühlen CA, Brenol JCT, Bisotto L, Xavier RM. [The prevalence of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in juvenile idiopathic arthritis.]. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2005; 81:491-4. [PMID: 16385368 DOI: 10.2223/jped.1397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2005] [Accepted: 06/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To assess the presence of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in a cohort of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. METHODS: Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies was tested for with an enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) in serum samples of patients from the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, all less than 18 years old and with previous diagnosis for at least 6 months. IgMRF (rheumatoid factor) and antinuclear antibodies in Hep-2 cells were also assayed. RESULTS: Serum samples were analyzed from 45 patients. The presence of high levels of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies was found in the serum of just one child (2%), who presented sero-positive polyarthritis. CONCLUSIONS: Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies can be detected in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, but much less frequently than in adults with rheumatoid arthritis. It still remains to be determined whether anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies can identify a subset of juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients with the potential to progress to adult rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra H Machado
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Martins TB, Burlingame R, von Mühlen CA, Jaskowski TD, Litwin CM, Hill HR. Evaluation of multiplexed fluorescent microsphere immunoassay for detection of autoantibodies to nuclear antigens. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2005; 11:1054-9. [PMID: 15539505 PMCID: PMC524771 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.11.6.1054-1059.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens (ENA) are found in a variety of collagen vascular diseases. Determining the individual specificities of these antibodies is extremely useful in establishing the disease diagnosis and in some cases the prognosis. With a multiplexed fluorescent microsphere immunoassay, reactivity to five of the most diagnostically useful ENA was measured in 249 serum samples, including samples from 56 patients previously documented to have systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Results of the multiplexed assay were compared to results from established ENA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), and the agreement, sensitivity, and specificity, respectively, for the five ENA evaluated were as follows: SSA, 99.1, 100.0, and 98.8%; SSB, 98.6, 88.9, and 99.5%; Sm, 97.6, 95.8, and 97.9%; RNP, 97.2, 92.7, and 98.8%; Scl-70, 93.6, 50.0, and 99.0%. In the 56 confirmed SLE patients, the frequency of significant concentrations of autoantibodies with the multiplexed assay was 21.4% for SSA, 7.1% for SSB, 10.7% for Sm, 32.1% for RNP, and 0% for Scl-70. The new flow cytometric bead-based multiplexed assay showed excellent correlation with the well-established single-analyte ELISA methods for four of five the ENA markers investigated in this study. The most notable discrepancies between the two assays were for the Scl-70 antigen, which was most often resolved in favor of the multiplexed assay. Our studies show that the multiplexed microsphere-based immunoassay is a sensitive and specific method for the detection and semiquantitation of ENA antibodies in human sera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B Martins
- Associated Regional and University Pathologists Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, 500 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.
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Nozawa K, Fritzler MJ, von Mühlen CA, Chan EKL. Giantin is the major Golgi autoantigen in human anti-Golgi complex sera. Arthritis Res Ther 2003; 6:R95-102. [PMID: 15059272 PMCID: PMC400427 DOI: 10.1186/ar1035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2003] [Revised: 11/19/2003] [Accepted: 11/27/2003] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-Golgi complex antibodies (AGAs) are primarily associated with systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren's syndrome. Here we report on the immunoreactivity of AGAs against five Golgi autoantigens (giantin, golgin-245, golgin-160, golgin-95/GM130, and golgin-97) and provide data from epitope mapping on the most common Golgi autoantigen, namely giantin. A total of 80 human sera containing AGAs, as defined by indirect immunofluorescence on HEp-2 cells, were analyzed by ELISA using recombinant autoantigens and immunoprecipitation. The proportion of AGA sera that reacted with the five Golgi autoantigens was correlated with the molecular mass of the Golgi antigens. Autoantibodies to giantin, the largest Golgi autoantigen, were the predominant AGAs, being found in 50% of the AGA sera. Epitope mapping of giantin was performed using six recombinant fragments spanning the entire protein. Antigiantin-positive sera with low titer autoantibodies recognized epitopes in the carboxyl-terminal fragments that are proximal to the Golgi membrane, whereas higher titer sera exhibited strong reactivity to amino-terminal and central domains that are likely to extend from the Golgi membrane into the cytoplasm. Our working hypothesis is that aberrantly expressed Golgi complex autoantigens may be released into the immune system when cells undergo lysis. By virtue of a carboxyl-terminal transmembrane domain, giantin is likely to be more stably associated with the cytoplasmic face of the Golgi complex than are other golgins, which are peripheral proteins. The stable association of giantin with the putative released Golgi complex may contribute to its preferential autoantigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Nozawa
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Marvin J Fritzler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carlos A von Mühlen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital São Lucas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Edward KL Chan
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Dellavance A, G. Júnior A, Cintra AF, Ximenes AC, Nuccitelli B, Mühlen CAV, Bichara CD, Yano C, Carvalho DG, Bonfá ES, Guimarães FN, Mundim HM, Pfrimer IA, Rego J, Andrade LE, Mesquita MM, Santiago MB, Silva NA, Miranda PJ, Leser P, Francescantonio PLC, Jarach R, Levy RA, Neves SP, Cruvinel WM, Santos WS. I Consenso Nacional para Padronização dos Laudos de FAN HEp-2. J Bras Patol Med Lab 2002. [DOI: 10.1590/s1676-24442002000300008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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