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Wu CY, Yu ZY, Hsu YC, Hung SL. Enhancing production of herpes simplex virus type 1 in oral epithelial cells by co-infection with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. J Formos Med Assoc 2022; 121:1841-1849. [PMID: 35144835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2022.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The association between herpetic/bacterial co-infection and periodontal diseases has been reported. However, how interactions between herpesviruses and periodontal bacteria dampen periodontal inflammation is still unclear. This study determined effects of co-infection with oral bacteria, including Streptococcus sanguinis, Fusobacterium nucleatum or Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, in herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)-infected oral epithelial cells. METHODS Cell viability was determined by detection the activity of mitochondrial dehydrogenase. Viral production was measured using the plaque assay. Levels of bacterial and viral DNA were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Secretion of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Viability was not further reduced by bacterial co-infection in HSV-1-infected cells. Co-infection with HSV-1 and S. sanguinis or F. nucleatum reduced the viral yield whereas co-infection with HSV-1 and A. actinomycetemcomitans significantly enhanced the viral yield in oral epithelial cells. The enhancing effect of A. actinomycetemcomitans was not affected by bacterial heat-inactivation. Co-infection with HSV-1/A. actinomycetemcomitans increased intracellular levels of both viral and bacterial DNA. Secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 stimulated by A. actinomycetemcomitans infection was partly reduced by co-infection with HSV-1 in oral epithelial cells. CONCLUSION In contrast to S. sanguinis and F. nucleatum, A. actinomycetemcomitans enhanced the yield of HSV-1. Either HSV-1 or A. actinomycetemcomitans may be benefited from co-infection, in aspects of increases in production of viral and bacterial DNA as well as reductions in cytokine secretion. These findings echoed with previous clinical studies showing co-infection of HSV and A. actinomycetemcomitans in patients with aggressive periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yi Wu
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zhu-Yun Yu
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Hsu
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Ling Hung
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Community Dentistry, Zhong-Xiao Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Su CY, Shigeishi H, Murodumi H, SugiyaMa M, Ohta K, Takemoto T. Association of oral Epstein-Barr virus with periodontal health in Japanese adults. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:767. [PMID: 34055066 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that oral Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with periodontitis. However, the relationship between periodontitis and oral EBV has not been fully elucidated by reducing the effects of confounding factors. The aim of the present study was to clarify the association between oral Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and oral health status among middle-aged and older Japanese individuals. A total of 124 patients (46 males and 78 females; mean age, 69.2 years; age range, 35-90 years) who visited Hiroshima University Hospital between October 2018 and December 2019 were recruited into the present study. EBV DNA positivity was determined in 124 oral rinse samples using quantitative PCR. Periodontal disease-related bacteria were also detected by PCR analysis. EBV DNA was determined as positive in 16 of the 124 enrolled patients (12.9%). No significant difference was identified between EBV DNA and clinical factors (sex, age, remaining teeth, denture use, smoking or medical history). Of the 38 patients with periodontal pockets ≥6 mm, 10 were EBV DNA positive (26.3%). There was a significant association between EBV DNA positivity and probing depth (P=0.01). Additionally, a significant association was identified between bleeding on probing (BOP) and EBV DNA positivity (P=0.03). To investigate the relationship between EBV and periodontal health status, propensity score-matching was determined between participants without ≥4 mm periodontal pockets and BOP (participants with good periodontal health) and those with ≥4 mm periodontal pockets, BOP or both (participants with poor periodontal health). A total of 35 matched pairs were identified among the patients. Patients with poor periodontal health exhibited a higher EBV DNA positivity rate (25.7%) than those with good periodontal health (0.0%). Additionally, there was a significant association between EBV DNA positivity and periodontal health status (P=0.001). T. denticola-positive participants exhibited a higher EBV DNA positivity rate than negative participants (17.6 vs. 9.6%). However, there was no significant difference. The results indicated that oral EBV may be markedly associated with periodontitis in middle-aged and older Japanese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yih Su
- Department of Oral Health Management, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hideo Shigeishi
- Department of Public Oral Health, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Murodumi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Program of Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Masaru SugiyaMa
- Department of Public Oral Health, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kouji Ohta
- Department of Public Oral Health, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Toshinobu Takemoto
- Department of Oral Health Management, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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Shigeishi H, Sugiyama M, Ohta K. Relationship between the prevalence of oral human papillomavirus DNA and periodontal disease (Review). Biomed Rep 2021; 14:40. [PMID: 33728046 PMCID: PMC7953200 DOI: 10.3892/br.2021.1416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a small DNA virus that infects the basal keratinocytes of squamous epithelium in the skin, and in the oral and genital mucosa. Smoking and sexual behavior have been recognized as significant risk factors for oral HPV infection. In the present review, the findings of recent studies of oral HPV infection in relation to periodontitis are discussed, as well as periodontopathic bacteria and periodontal herpes virus. Previous research suggests that HPV localizes to the inflammatory periodontal tissue. Inflammatory periodontal pockets may thus act as a reservoir for HPV. The interactions between HPV and periodontopathic bacteria remain unclear, but it is hypothesized that oral HPV infection may be related to a characteristic oral microbiome. Smoking is associated with HPV and periodontitis, as smoking induces destruction of periodontal tissue and suppresses the host defense, allowing HPV to infect periodontal tissue. Carcinogenic HPV and periodontitis may lead to the development of oral cavity cancer. However, oral HPV E6/E7 expression (transcriptionally active HPV) has not yet been fully investigated in patients with periodontitis. Collectively, the evidence suggests that oral HPV prevalence may be associated with periodontitis. The effect of clinical factors (age, sex, smoking, immunosuppressive condition and vaccination) on oral HPV DNA prevalence should be considered when clarifying the relationship between oral HPV and periodontitis. Additionally, the sampling method should be carefully chosen to directly detect HPV DNA in periodontal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Shigeishi
- Department of Public Oral Health, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Masaru Sugiyama
- Department of Public Oral Health, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kouji Ohta
- Department of Public Oral Health, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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4
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Nakamura M, Shigeishi H, Cheng-Yih SU, Sugiyama M, Ohta K. Oral human cytomegalovirus prevalence and its relationships with periodontitis and Porphyromonas gingivalis in Japanese adults: a cross-sectional study. J Appl Oral Sci 2020; 28:e20200501. [PMID: 33331391 PMCID: PMC7793530 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2020-00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to clarify the association between oral human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and periodontitis in Japanese adults. METHODOLOGY In total, 190 patients (75 men and 115 women; mean age, 70.2 years) who visited Hiroshima University Hospital between March 2018 and May 2020 were included. Oral rinse samples were taken to examine the presence of HCMV DNA using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). P. gingivalis was detected by semi-quantitative PCR analysis. RESULTS HCMV DNA was present in nine of 190 patients (4.7%). There were significant associations between HCMV presence and the presence of ≥4-mm-deep periodontal pockets with bleeding on probing (BOP) (P<0.01) and ≥6-mm-deep periodontal pockets with BOP (P=0.01). However, no significant relationship was observed between HCMV presence and periodontal epithelial surface area scores. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of ≥4-mm-deep periodontal pockets with BOP was significantly associated with HCMV (odds ratio, 14.4; P=0.01). Propensity score matching was performed between patients presenting ≥4-mm-deep periodontal pockets with BOP (i.e., active periodontitis) and patients without ≥4-mm-deep periodontal pockets with BOP; 62 matched pairs were generated. Patients who had ≥4-mm-deep periodontal pockets with BOP showed a higher rate of HCMV presence (9.7%) than those who lacked ≥4-mm-deep periodontal pockets with BOP (0.0%). There was a significant relationship between HCMV presence and ≥4-mm-deep periodontal pockets with BOP (P=0.03). A significant relationship was found between HCMV/P. gingivalis DNA presence and ≥4-mm-deep periodontal pockets with BOP (P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS Coinfection of oral HCMV and P. gingivalis was significantly associated with active periodontitis. Moreover, interactions between oral HCMV and P. gingivalis may be related to the severity of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Nakamura
- Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Department of Public Oral Health, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hideo Shigeishi
- Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Department of Public Oral Health, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - S U Cheng-Yih
- Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Department of Oral Health Management, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masaru Sugiyama
- Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Department of Public Oral Health, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kouji Ohta
- Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Department of Public Oral Health, Hiroshima, Japan
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Armitage GC. A brief history of periodontics in the United States of America: Pioneers and thought-leaders of the past, and current challenges. Periodontol 2000 2019; 82:12-25. [PMID: 31850629 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This paper summarizes historical events in periodontology in the United States over the past 200 years. The contributions of some of the key thought-leaders of the past are highlighted. Throughout the 20th century, the evolution of thought, leading to the views currently held regarding the pathogenesis and treatment of periodontal diseases, was significantly influenced by: (1) major changes in health-care education; (2) the emergence of periodontics as a specialty of dentistry; (3) the publication of peer-reviewed journals with an emphasis on periodontology; (4) formation of the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR); and (5) expansion of periodontal research programs by the NIDCR. The two major future challenges facing periodontal research are development of a better understanding of the ecological complexities of host-microbial interactions in periodontal health and disease, and identification of the relevant mechanisms involved in the predictable regeneration of damaged periodontal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary C Armitage
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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HCMV-encoded US7 and US8 act as antagonists of innate immunity by distinctively targeting TLR-signaling pathways. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4670. [PMID: 31604943 PMCID: PMC6789044 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12641-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which many human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-encoded proteins help the virus to evade immune surveillance remain poorly understood. In particular, it is unknown whether HCMV proteins arrest Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways required for antiviral defense. Here, we report that US7 and US8 as key suppressors that bind both TLR3 and TLR4, facilitating their destabilization by distinct mechanisms. US7 exploits the ER-associated degradation components Derlin-1 and Sec61, promoting ubiquitination of TLR3 and TLR4. US8 not only disrupts the TLR3-UNC93B1 association but also targets TLR4 to the lysosome, resulting in rapid degradation of the TLR. Accordingly, a mutant HCMV lacking the US7-US16 region has an impaired ability to hinder TLR3 and TLR4 activation, and the impairment is reversed by the introduction of US7 or US8. Our findings reveal an inhibitory effect of HCMV on TLR signaling, which contributes to persistent avoidance of the host antiviral response to achieve viral latency. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has evolved several mechanisms to evade the host immune response. Here, Park et al. show that HCMV-encoded US7 and US8 proteins bind TLR3 and TLR4 and facilitate TLR degradation by distinct mechanisms, including ER-associated and lysosomal degradation.
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Passariello C, Gigola P, Testarelli L, Puttini M, Schippa S, Petti S. Evaluation of microbiota associated with Herpesviruses in active sites of generalized aggressive periodontitis. ANNALI DI STOMATOLOGIA 2017; 8:59-70. [PMID: 29299190 DOI: 10.11138/ads/2017.8.2.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Aims The present study aimed to investigate microbial patterns associated with disease progression and coinfection by different Herpesviruses in generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP). Methods Microbiological samples were obtained from active (AS) and non-active (n-AS) sites in 165 subjects affected by GAP and were analyzed for 40 bacterial species by the Checkerboard DNA-DNA Hybridization technique and for Herpes simplex 1 (HSV-1), Human Cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Epstein Bar virus (EBV) by PCR.Common Factor Analysis and Multiple Regression Analysis were applied to disclose specific microbial patterns associated with the three viruses. Results Herpesviruses were detected in 37.6% of subjects. Detection of each of the searched viruses was associated with specific patterns of subgingival biofilm in AS. Logistic regression analyses evidenced several virus/bacteria associations: i) EBV with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; ii) CMV with A. actinomycetemcomitans, Veillonella parvula, Parvimonas micra and Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. polymorphum; iii) HSV-1 with Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Fusobacterium periodonticum and Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusions Microbiological data suggest that Herpesviruses are probably not mere spectators of disease progression and that specific patterns of subgingival plaque are correlated with the presence of different Herpesviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Passariello
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, " Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Gigola
- Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties, Radiologic and Public Health Sciences University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luca Testarelli
- Department of Odontostomatologic and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Serena Schippa
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, " Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Petti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, " Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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9
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Elamin A, Ali RW, Bakken V. Putative periodontopathic bacteria and herpes viruses interactions in the subgingival plaque of patients with aggressive periodontitis and healthy controls. Clin Exp Dent Res 2017; 3:183-190. [PMID: 29744199 PMCID: PMC5839261 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbial profile of aggressive periodontitis patients is considered to be complex with variations among populations in different geographical areas. The aim of this study was to assess the presences of 4 putative periodontopathic bacteria (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola) and 2 periodontal herpes viruses (Epstein-Barr virus type 1 [EBV-1] and human cytomegalovirus [HMCV]) in subgingival plaque of Sudanese subjects with aggressive periodontitis and healthy controls. The study group consisted of 34 subjects, 17 aggressive periodontitis patients and 17 periodontally healthy controls (14-19 years of age). Pooled subgingival plaque samples were collected and analyzed for detection of bacteria and viruses using loop-mediated isothermal amplification. Prevalence of subgingival A. actinomycetemcomitans, HCMV, and P. gingivalis were significantly higher among aggressive periodontitis patients than periodontally healthy controls. Coinfection with A. actinomycetemcomitans, HCMV, and/or EBV-1 was restricted to the cases. Increased risk of aggressive periodontitis was the highest when A. actinomycetemcomitans was detected together with EBV-1 (OD 49.0, 95% CI [2.5, 948.7], p = .01) and HCMV (OD 39.1, 95% CI [2.0, 754.6], p = .02). In Sudanese patients, A. actinomycetemcomitans and HCMV were the most associated test pathogens with aggressive periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Elamin
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health SciencesZayed UniversityDubaiUAE
- Department of Clinical ScienceUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Raouf Wahab Ali
- Department of PeriodontologyUniversity of Science and TechnologyOmdurmanSudan
| | - Vidar Bakken
- Department of Clinical ScienceUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
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Joshi VM, Bhat KG, Kugaji MS, Shirahatti R. Characterization and serotype distribution of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans: Relationship of serotypes to herpesvirus and periodontal status in Indian subjects. Microb Pathog 2017; 110:189-195. [PMID: 28668607 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The virulence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) in any individual depends on the type of strain of this bacterium. To our knowledge, there have been no studies reported in Indian subjects about A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype occurrence, co-existence with herpes virus and the possible influence of such co-existence on periodontal pathology. METHODS Subjects for this study were a subset of a larger study to identify the prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans in chronic periodontitis. A total of 63 subjects (12 periodontally healthy and 51 with chronic periodontitis) who were positive for A. actinomycetemcomitans were serotyped for strain-level identification. The presence of Human Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was tested in subgingival plaque samples by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS All five serotypes a to e were detected. Of the samples analyzed 38.09% harbored a single serotype, 36.5% had two serotypes, 6.3% demonstrated three and 4.7% demonstrated four serotypes. None of the samples showed presence of JP2 strain. Serotypes b, c, and e were most frequently identified in these individuals (46.03%, 36.5% and 38.09% respectively). Presence of serotypes b and c and absence of serotype d was associated with increased PD and CAL. Among 63 samples analyzed, 11 samples had CMV, four samples had EBV and nine samples had both these viruses. The PD and CAL were significantly higher (p = 0.04) when a combination of CMV and one of the serotypes was present indicating a pathological role of the coexistence. CONCLUSION Multiple serotypes are associated with chronic periodontitis in Indians, however, JP2 strains are not detectable in this cohort. Presence of multiple serotypes and a combination of any serotype with herpesvirus is associated with greater severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak M Joshi
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal's Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India.
| | - Kishore G Bhat
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal's Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Manohar S Kugaji
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal's Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravi Shirahatti
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maratha Mandal's Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
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Yilmaz Ö, Lee KL. The inflammasome and danger molecule signaling: at the crossroads of inflammation and pathogen persistence in the oral cavity. Periodontol 2000 2017; 69:83-95. [PMID: 26252403 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are an oligomeric assembly of multiprotein complexes that activate the caspase-1-dependent maturation and the subsequent secretion of inflammatory interleukin-1beta and interleukin-18 cytokines in response to a 'danger signal' in vertebrates. The assessment of their significance continues to grow rapidly as the complex biology of various chronic inflammatory conditions is better dissected. Increasing evidence strongly links inflammasomes and host-derived small 'danger molecule ATP' signaling with the modulation of the host immune response by microbial colonizers as well as with potential altering of the microbiome structure and intermicrobial interactions in the host. All of these factors eventually lead to the destructive chronic inflammatory disease state. In the oral cavity, a highly dynamic and multifaceted interplay takes place between the signaling of endogenous danger molecules and colonizing microbes on the mucosal surfaces. This interaction may redirect the local microenvironment to favor the conversion of the resident microbiome toward pathogenicity. This review outlines the major components of the known inflammasome complexes/mechanisms and highlights their regulation, in particular, by oral microorganisms, in relation to periodontal disease pathology. Better characterization of the cellular and molecular biology of the inflammasome will probably identify important potential therapeutic targets for the treatment and prevention of periodontal disease, as well as for other debilitating chronic diseases.
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Lu H, Zhu C, Li F, Xu W, Tao D, Feng X. Putative periodontopathic bacteria and herpesviruses in pregnant women: a case-control study. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27796. [PMID: 27301874 PMCID: PMC4908451 DOI: 10.1038/srep27796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about herpesvirus and putative periodontopathic bacteria in maternal chronic periodontitis. The present case-control study aimed to explore the potential relationship between putative periodontopathic bacteria and herpesviruses in maternal chronic periodontitis.Saliva samples were collected from 36 pregnant women with chronic periodontitis (cases) and 36 pregnant women with healthy periodontal status (controls). Six putative periodontopathic bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis [Pg], Aggregatibacer actinomycetemcomitans [Aa], Fusobacterium nucleatum [Fn], Prevotella intermedia [Pi], Tannerella forsythia [Tf], and Treponema denticola [Td]) and three herpesviruses (Epstein-Barr virus [EBV], human cytomegalovirus [HCMV], and herpes simplex virus [HSV]) were detected. Socio-demographic data and oral health related behaviors, and salivary estradiol and progesterone levels were also collected. The results showed no significant differences in socio-demographic background, oral health related behaviors, and salivary estradiol and progesterone levels between the two groups (all P > 0.05). The detection rates of included periodontopathic microorganisms were not significantly different between the two groups (all P > 0.05), but the coinfection rate of EBV and Pg was significantly higher in the case group than in the control group (P = 0.028). EBV and Pg coinfection may promote the development of chronic periodontitis among pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Lu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ce Zhu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Danying Tao
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiping Feng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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Agrawal N, Agarwal K, Varshney A, Agrawal N, Dubey A. Is there a common pathogenesis in aggressive periodontitis & ankylosing spondylitis in HLA-B27 patient? Med Hypotheses 2016; 90:63-5. [PMID: 27063088 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
HLA-B27 is having strong association to ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and other inflammatory diseases collectively known as seronegative spondyloarthropathy. In literature, although the evidence for association between AS and periodontitis as well as AS and HLA-B27 are there but the association of aggressive periodontitis in HLA-B27 positive patient with AS are not there. We hypothesize that there may be a common pathogenesis in aggressive periodontitis and ankylosing spondylitis in HLA-B27 patient. A 27-years-old female presented with the features of generalized aggressive periodontitis and difficulty in walking. On complete medical examination, ankylosing spondylitis was diagnosed with further positive HLA-B27 phenotype and negative rheumatic factor. This report may open up a new link to explore in the pathogenesis of aggressive periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Agrawal
- Department of Periodontology, People's Dental Academy, Bhopal, India.
| | - Kavita Agarwal
- Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, People's College of Dental Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - Atul Varshney
- Department of Orthopedics, People's College of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - Navneet Agrawal
- Department of Pedodontics, Rau Institute of Dental Sciences, Indore, India
| | - Ashutosh Dubey
- Department of Periodontology, People's Dental Academy, Bhopal, India
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Zhu C, Li F, Wong MCM, Feng XP, Lu HX, Xu W. Association between Herpesviruses and Chronic Periodontitis: A Meta-Analysis Based on Case-Control Studies. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144319. [PMID: 26666412 PMCID: PMC4677929 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Numerous studies have investigated the associations between herpesviruses and chronic periodontitis; however, the results remain controversial. To derive a more precise estimation, a meta-analysis on all available studies was performed to identify the association between herpesviruses and chronic periodontitis. METHODS A computerized literature search was conducted in December 2014 to identify eligible case-control studies from the PUBMED and EMBASE databases according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were extracted and pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to assess the association between herpesviruses and risk of chronic periodontitis. A fixed or random effects model was determined based on a heterogeneity test. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to investigate stability and reliability. Publication bias was investigated using the Begg rank correlation test and Egger's funnel plot. RESULTS Ten eligible studies were included to investigate the association between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and chronic periodontitis. The results showed that EBV has a significant association with chronic periodontitis compared with periodontally healthy group (OR = 5.74, 95% CI = 2.53-13.00, P<0.001). The association between human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and chronic periodontitis was analyzed in 10 studies. The pooled result showed that HCMV also has a significant association with chronic periodontitis (OR = 3.59, 95% CI = 1.41-9.16, P = 0.007). Similar results were found in the sensitivity analyses. No significant publication bias was observed. Two eligible studies were included to investigate the association between herpes simplex virus (HSV) and chronic periodontitis risk. The association between HSV and chronic periodontitis was inconclusive (OR = 2.81 95% CI = 0.95-8.27, P = 0.06). Only one included study investigated the association between human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) and chronic periodontitis risk (OR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.21-4.86). CONCLUSION The findings of this meta-analysis suggest that two members of the herpesvirus family, EBV and HCMV, are significantly associated with chronic periodontitis. There is insufficient evidence to support associations between HSV, HHV-7 and chronic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Zhu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - May. Chun. Mei Wong
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xi-Ping Feng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Xia Lu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (HXL); (WX)
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Municipal Hospital for Oral Health, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (HXL); (WX)
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Abstract
Human periodontitis is associated with a wide range of bacteria and viruses and with complex innate and adaptive immune responses. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Treponema denticola, cytomegalovirus and other herpesviruses are major suspected pathogens of periodontitis, and a combined herpesvirus–bacterial periodontal infection can potentially explain major clinical features of the disease. Cytomegalovirus infects periodontal macrophages and T‐cells and elicits a release of interleukin‐1β and tumor necrosis factor‐α. These proinflammatory cytokines play an important role in the host defense against the virus, but they also have the potential to induce alveolar bone resorption and loss of periodontal ligament. Gingival fibroblasts infected with cytomegalovirus also exhibit diminished collagen production and release of an increased level of matrix metalloproteinases. This article reviews innate and adaptive immunity to cytomegalovirus and suggests that immune responses towards cytomegalovirus can play roles in controlling, as well as in exacerbating, destructive periodontal disease.
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Slots J. Periodontal herpesviruses: prevalence, pathogenicity, systemic risk. Periodontol 2000 2015; 69:28-45. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Bousbia S, Raoult D, La Scola B. Pneumonia pathogen detection and microbial interactions in polymicrobial episodes. Future Microbiol 2013; 8:633-60. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb.13.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports show that microbial communities associated with respiratory infections, such as pneumonia and cystic fibrosis, are more complex than expected. Most of these communities are polymicrobial and might comprise microorganisms originating from several diverse biological and ecological sources. Moreover, unexpected bacteria in the etiology of these respiratory infections have been increasingly identified. These findings were established with the use of efficient microbiological diagnostic tools, particularly molecular tools based on common gene amplification, followed by cloning and sequencing approaches, which facilitated the identification of the polymicrobial flora. Similarly, recent investigations reported that microbial interactions might exist between species in polymicrobial communities, including typical pneumonia pathogens, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. Here, we review recent tools for microbial diagnosis, in particular, of intensive care unit pneumonia and the reported interactions between microbial species that have primarily been identified in the etiology of these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabri Bousbia
- Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE, UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095, Facultés de Médecine, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Pôle des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Clinique et Biologique, Fédération de Bactériologie-Hygiène-Virologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Timone, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE, UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095, Facultés de Médecine, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Pôle des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Clinique et Biologique, Fédération de Bactériologie-Hygiène-Virologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Timone, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard La Scola
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Pôle des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Clinique et Biologique, Fédération de Bactériologie-Hygiène-Virologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Timone, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE, UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095, Facultés de Médecine, Marseille, France.
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Ambili R, Preeja C, Archana V, Nisha KJ, Seba A, Reejamol MK. Viruses: are they really culprits for periodontal disease? A critical review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 5:179-87. [DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjith Ambili
- Department of Periodontics; PMS College of Dental Science and Research; Kerala India
| | - Chandran Preeja
- Department of Periodontics; PMS College of Dental Science and Research; Kerala India
| | - Vilasan Archana
- Department of Periodontics; PMS College of Dental Science and Research; Kerala India
| | | | - Abraham Seba
- Department of Periodontics; PMS College of Dental Science and Research; Kerala India
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Henderson B, Ward JM, Ready D. Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans: a triple A* periodontopathogen? Periodontol 2000 2010; 54:78-105. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2009.00331.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Lin YL, Li M. Human cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus inhibit oral bacteria-induced macrophage activation and phagocytosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 24:243-8. [PMID: 19416455 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2009.00504.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Periodontal disease is an inflammatory condition caused by periodontal microorganisms. Viruses such as human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) are associated with certain types of periodontal disease, but their roles in promoting the disease are unclear. Because both viruses infect human macrophages, cells which play key roles in the clearance of pathogenic bacteria, it is likely that the viruses alter the functional capacity of macrophages by inhibiting their defense mechanisms against invading pathogens. METHODS Macrophages preinfected with HCMV or EBV were evaluated following stimulation by selected oral bacteria. Bacteria-induced macrophage activation was assayed by measuring the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) produced in the media, and phagocytic activity was analysed by a phagocytosis assay with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled bacteria. The virus-infected macrophages were also subjected to semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction to measure the expression of toll-like receptor 9, which is involved in the activation of phagocytosis-related pathways. RESULTS Both HCMV and EBV significantly diminished the TNF-alpha production typically induced by oral bacteria, inhibited the phagocytic activity of macrophages, and downregulated the expression of toll-like receptor 9. CONCLUSION Infection by HCMV or EBV inhibits the functional ability of macrophages to respond to bacterial challenge, thereby suggesting their pathogenic role in the development of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-L Lin
- Department of Oral Health Research, University of Kentucky College of Dentistry, Lexington, KY, USA
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Passariello C, Palamara A, Garaci E, Pasquantonio G. Herpesviruses and periodontal disease: a cautionary tale. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2009; 22:263-8. [PMID: 19505379 DOI: 10.1177/039463200902200202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of bacterial origin, characterized by an inconstant progression of lesions affecting the tooth supporting tissues. In spite of more than half a century of research efforts, the clinician still lacks any specific molecular or microbial diagnostic tool to predict the progression of periodontal lesions. Recently, several reports have proposed a role for some herpesviruses in the etiology of destructive phases of periodontitis. This paper critically analyzes these data in the light of consolidated knowledge that was developed in the characterization of virus-bacteria cooperative interactions, and proposes new topics of investigation to clarify the role of herpesviral infections in periodontitis and their potential predictive role as markers of progression.
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Sliepen I, Hofkens J, Van Essche M, Quirynen M, Teughels W. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitansadhesion inhibited in a flow cell. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 23:520-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2008.00456.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rotola A, Cassai E, Farina R, Caselli E, Gentili V, Lazzarotto T, Trombelli L. Human herpesvirus 7, Epstein-Barr virus and human cytomegalovirus in periodontal tissues of periodontally diseased and healthy subjects. J Clin Periodontol 2008; 35:831-7. [PMID: 18691217 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2008.01301.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate (i) the presence of human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), and (ii) the transcription pattern of HHV-7 in gingival biopsies from patients affected by periodontitis (P) and periodontally healthy subjects (H). MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-seven subjects (P: n=24; H: n=13) were included. Each P patient contributed two gingival biopsies (representative of a clinically affected and non-affected site) and each H subject contributed one gingival biopsy. After DNA extraction, nested polymerase chain reaction was used to identify the viruses. RESULTS HHV-7 was detected in 91.7% of P patients and in 61.5% of H subjects (p=0.02), EBV in 50.0% samples of P patients and 7.7% of H subjects (p=0.005) and HCMV only in one sample from H group. EBV was more frequently detected in biopsies from affected sites (50.0%) than from non-affected sites (16.7%) (p=0.008). HHV-7 transcription was detected in 15.4% of affected and 15.4% of non-affected sites. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that (i) gingival tissues can be considered a potential reservoir for HHV-7; (ii) when present, HHV-7 persists in a latent state in the majority of cases; (iii) the presence of EBV seems to be associated with the diseased state of the patient and site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Rotola
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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