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Roy S, Srinivasan VR, Arunagiri S, Mishra N, Bhatia A, Shejale KP, Prajapati KP, Kar K, Anand BG. Molecular insights into the phase transition of lysozyme into amyloid nanostructures: Implications of therapeutic strategies in diverse pathological conditions. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 331:103205. [PMID: 38875805 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Lysozyme, a well-known bacteriolytic enzyme, exhibits a fascinating yet complex behavior when it comes to protein aggregation. Under certain conditions, this enzyme undergoes flexible transformation, transitioning from partially unfolded intermediate units of native conformers into complex cross-β-rich nano fibrillar amyloid architectures. Formation of such lysozyme amyloids has been implicated in a multitude of pathological and medical severities, like hepatic dysfunction, hepatomegaly, splenic rupture as well as spleen dysfunction, nephropathy, sicca syndrome, renal dysfunction, renal amyloidosis, and systemic amyloidosis. In this comprehensive review, we have attempted to provide in-depth insights into the aggregating behavior of lysozyme across a spectrum of variables, including concentrations, temperatures, pH levels, and mutations. Our objective is to elucidate the underlying mechanisms that govern lysozyme's aggregation process and to unravel the complex interplay between its structural attributes. Moreover, this work has critically examined the latest advancements in the field, focusing specifically on novel strategies and systems, that have been implemented to delay or inhibit the lysozyme amyloidogenesis. Apart from this, we have tried to explore and advance our fundamental understanding of the complex processes involved in lysozyme aggregation. This will help the research community to lay a robust foundation for screening, designing, and formulating targeted anti-amyloid therapeutics offering improved treatment modalities and interventions not only for lysozyme-linked amyloidopathy but for a wide range of amyloid-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhujit Roy
- Biomolecular Self-Assembly Lab, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Venkat Ramanan Srinivasan
- Biomolecular Self-Assembly Lab, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Subash Arunagiri
- Biomolecular Self-Assembly Lab, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Nishant Mishra
- Biomolecular Self-Assembly Lab, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Anubhuti Bhatia
- Biomolecular Self-Assembly Lab, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Kiran P Shejale
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Kailash Prasad Prajapati
- Biophysical and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Karunakar Kar
- Biophysical and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India..
| | - Bibin Gnanadhason Anand
- Biomolecular Self-Assembly Lab, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India..
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2
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Szustkiewicz-Karoń A, Schönborn M, Patrycja Pasieka, Płotek A, Maga P, Gregorczyk-Maga I. Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Diseases in Saliva and Gingival Crevicular Fluid: A Review. Angiology 2023; 74:909-947. [PMID: 36268801 DOI: 10.1177/00033197221134757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Due to the fact that cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have become the most serious problem in public health, there is a need for new and efficient methods for screening and early detection. In the recent literature, saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) have been gaining recognition as sources of many potential biomarkers of various systemic diseases, mainly because of correlation between the level of some compounds in the blood and saliva and association between the composition of saliva and health status. In this review, we summarize published findings of patients with atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension, coronary artery disease (CAD), acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and stroke in the context of clinical utility of saliva and GCF in diagnosing and assessing CVD severity. We hypothesize that substances in saliva including inflammatory markers, enzymes, or hormones might become novel contributors to the diagnosis and screening of CVDs. In particular, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis alpha (TNFα), and cortisol seem to be the most promising. However, further investigation is warranted to determine the most effective markers and methods for their analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martyna Schönborn
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Angiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
- Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Patrycja Pasieka
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Angiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Płotek
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Angiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Maga
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Angiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Iwona Gregorczyk-Maga
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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3
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Antonoglou GN, Romandini M, Meurman JH, Surakka M, Janket SJ, Sanz M. Periodontitis and edentulism as risk indicators for mortality: Results from a prospective cohort study with 20 years of follow-up. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:12-21. [PMID: 36282792 PMCID: PMC10092146 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the association between periodontitis and edentulism with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality. METHODS Baseline data of 506 subjects including 256 angiographically verified coronary artery disease patients and 250 matched participants in cardiovascular health from the Kuopio Oral Health and Heart study were collected from 1995-1996. Mortality data were accrued until May 31, 2015, and related to baseline periodontal health and edentulism, assessed as exposure and collected by means of clinical and radiographic examination by a single examiner. Cox proportional hazards regression models were fit using covariates such as age, gender, smoking, BMI, and education. The final sample size for the periodontitis models ranged from 358 to 376, while the edentate models included 413 to 503 subjects for CVD and all-cause mortality, respectively with no missing values in the predictor, confounders, and outcome. RESULTS The strongest association was found between edentulism and CVD and all-cause mortality (HR: 1.9 CVD , HR: 1.6all-cause ; p < .01). CONCLUSIONS Edentulism considered as a poor oral health marker was associated strongly with CVD mortality while periodontitis was not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios N Antonoglou
- ETEP Research Group (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases), Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mario Romandini
- ETEP Research Group (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases), Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jukka H Meurman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Surakka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sok-Ja Janket
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Massachusetts, Cambridge, USA
| | - Mariano Sanz
- ETEP Research Group (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases), Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Abdul NS, AlGhannam SM, Almughaiseeb AA, Bindawoad FA, alduraibi SM, Shenoy M. A review on salivary constituents and their role in diagnostics. Bioinformation 2022; 18:1021-1028. [PMID: 37693919 PMCID: PMC10492514 DOI: 10.6026/973206300181021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary secretions possess a number of biomarkers beneficial for the diagnosis of a plethora of oral and other systemic disorders. Therefore, it is of interest to analyse and discuss the significance of saliva and its constituents as a valuable tool in aiding diagnostics in clinical settings by reviewing available literature and controlled trials. Using the PRISMA framework, a thorough review of research that were listed in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane library databases was performed which revealed 212 papers, 54 of which were thoroughly evaluated. Exclusion and inclusion criteria were used to choose studies that were applicable for the review. The selected studies reported a number of diseases that were diagnosed using salivary constituents in the same way as other methods of diagnosis, with a number of benefits. Thus, data shows that saliva is an excellent source for biomarkers which can be used for furthering medical diagnosis like other diagnostic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishath Sayed Abdul
- Faculty of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, KSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Mahesh Shenoy
- Faculty of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, KSA
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5
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Lin Z, Yang L, Chen P, Wei T, Zhang J, Wang Y, Gao L, Zhang C, Zhao L, Wang Q, Wang H, Xu D. Short-term effects of personal exposure to temperature variability on cardiorespiratory health based on subclinical non-invasive biomarkers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 843:157000. [PMID: 35777570 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Growing literatures have explored the cardiorespiratory health effects of the daily temperature, but such effects of temperature variability remain unclear. We investigated the acute associations of personal levels of temperature variability with cardiorespiratory biomarkers. This is a panel study with four repeated measurements among forty eligible college students in Hefei, Anhui Province, China. We collected personal-level temperature data using temperature/humidity data loggers. Temperature variability parameters included diurnal temperature range (DTR), the standard-deviation of temperature (SDT) and temperature variability (TV). Cardiorespiratory health indicators included three BP parameters [systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP) and mean article pressure (MAP)], fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), and four saliva biomarkers [C-reactive protein (CRP), cortisol, alpha-amylase and lysozyme]. Linear mixed-effect models were then used to assess the associations of temperature variability with these cardiorespiratory biomarkers. We found that short-term exposure to the three temperature variability parameters was associated with these cardiorespiratory biomarkers. The magnitude, direction and significance of these associations varied by temperature variability parameters, by biomarkers and by lags of exposure. Specifically, temperature variability parameters were inversely associated with BP and saliva lysozyme; positively associated with airway inflammation biomarkers (FeNO and saliva CRP) and stress response biomarkers (saliva cortisol and alpha-amylase). The results were robust to further control for air pollutants, and these associations were more prominent in females and in subjects with abnormal body mass index. Our findings suggested that acute exposure to temperature variability could significantly alter cardiorespiratory biomarker profiles among healthy young adults in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijing Lin
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Liyan Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Tian Wei
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lan Gao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lingli Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Qunan Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Dexiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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Jiang L, Li Y, Wang L, Guo J, Liu W, Meng G, Zhang L, Li M, Cong L, Sun M. Recent Insights Into the Prognostic and Therapeutic Applications of Lysozymes. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:767642. [PMID: 34925025 PMCID: PMC8678502 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.767642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysozymes are naturally occurring enzymes present in a variety of biological organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and animal bodily secretions and tissues. It is also the main ingredient of many ethnomedicines. It is well known that lysozymes and lysozyme-like enzymes can be used as anti-bacterial agents by degrading bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan that leads to cell death, and can also inhibit fungi, yeasts, and viruses. In addition to its direct antimicrobial activity, lysozyme is also an important component of the innate immune system in most mammals. Increasing evidence has shown the immune-modulatory effects of lysozymes against infection and inflammation. More recently, studies have revealed the anti-cancer activities of lysozyme in multiple types of tumors, potentially through its immune-modulatory activities. In this review, we summarized the major functions and underlying mechanisms of lysozymes derived from animal and plant sources. We highlighted the therapeutic applications and recent advances of lysozymes in cancers, hypertension, and viral diseases, aiming toseeking alternative therapies for standard medical treatment bypassing side effects. We also evaluated the role of lysozyme as a promising cancer marker for prognosis to indicate the outcomes recurrence for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jiang
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Yunhe Li
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Liye Wang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jian Guo
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Guixian Meng
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lina Cong
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Meiyan Sun
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
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7
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Mirza MR, Sultan R, Choudhary MI, Tahir M, Larsen MR, Tariq S, Rahman SU. Label-free quantitation of the changes in salivary proteome associated with the chronic consumption of the betel nut ( Areca catechu). Mol Omics 2021; 18:123-132. [PMID: 34851339 DOI: 10.1039/d1mo00391g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Areca nut or betel nut chewing is most frequently used in Pakistan and is associated with a high risk for oral cancer. Until now, however, there has not been any research conducted on the long-term effect(s) of betel nut chewing on the saliva proteome. In the present study, initially, the changes in the saliva proteome associated with betel nut chewing were investigated. Secondly, the analysis was focused on the changes in salivary proteome with respect to prolonged usage of betel nuts. After extraction, the saliva proteins were digested into peptides and these were subsequently analyzed using mass spectrometry. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD029768. Label-free quantitation of saliva samples revealed a total of 12 proteins that were differentially expressed between betel nut addicts (BNAs), and the control group. The study groups were further divided into three subgroups, the BNA-1, BNA-2, and BNA-3 groups, with respect to the extent of consumption of betel nuts in terms of years. The data analysis revealed a more detailed profiling of proteins expressed after five, ten, and more than ten years of betel nut consumption. A total of 30, 17, and 22 proteins were found to be differentially expressed when divided into the BNA-1, BNA-2, and BNA-3 groups. The present study shows that the chronic usage of betel nuts leads to the expression of proteins, such as SPARC1, profilin, and SBSN, which are known to be involved in head and neck cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munazza Raza Mirza
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan.
| | - Rabia Sultan
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan. .,H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah-21412, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Tahir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Martin Røssel Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Saria Tariq
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan.
| | - Saeed Ur Rahman
- Oral Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
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8
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Wild J, Wenzel P. Myeloid cells, tissue homeostasis, and anatomical barriers as innate immune effectors in arterial hypertension. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:315-326. [PMID: 33443617 PMCID: PMC7899956 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-02019-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although essential hypertension affects a large proportion of the human population and is one of the key drivers of cardiovascular mortality worldwide, we still do not have a complete understanding of its pathophysiology. More than 50 years ago, the immune system has been identified as an important part of the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension. An exceeding variety of recent publications deals with the interplay between the numerous different components of the immune system and mechanisms of arterial hypertension and has substantially contributed to our understanding of the role of immunity and inflammation in the pathogenesis of the disease. In this review, we focus on myeloid cells and anatomical barriers as particular aspects of innate immunity in arterial hypertension. Since it represents a first line of defense protecting against pathogens and maintaining tissue homeostasis, innate immunity provides many mechanistic hinge points in the area of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Wild
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Center for Cardiology - Cardiology I and CTH Professorship "Vascular Inflammation", University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) - Partner site RheinMain, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philip Wenzel
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany. .,Center for Cardiology - Cardiology I and CTH Professorship "Vascular Inflammation", University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany. .,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) - Partner site RheinMain, Berlin, Germany.
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9
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Meurman JH, Janket SJ, Surakka M, Jackson EA, Ackerson LK, Fakhri HR, Chogle S, Walls A. Lower risk for cardiovascular mortality for patients with root filled teeth in a Finnish population. Int Endod J 2017; 50:1158-1168. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. H. Meurman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - S.-J. Janket
- Department of Periodontology; Center for Clinical Research, General Dentistry; H. M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine; Boston University; Boston MA USA
| | - M. Surakka
- Otorhinolaryngology/Maxillofacial Surgery; Kuopio University Hospital; Kuopio Finland
| | - E. A. Jackson
- Preventive Cardiology, Internal Medicine; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - L. K. Ackerson
- Department of Public Health; University of Massachusetts; Lowell MA USA
| | - H. R. Fakhri
- Department of Periodontology; Center for Clinical Research, General Dentistry; H. M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine; Boston University; Boston MA USA
| | - S. Chogle
- Endodontics; H. M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine; Boston University; Boston MA USA
| | - A. Walls
- Edinburgh Dental Institute; University of Edinburgh; Scotland UK
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Salivary Secretory Immunoglobulin (SIgA) and Lysozyme in Malignant Tumor Patients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:8701423. [PMID: 27294141 PMCID: PMC4886044 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8701423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background. The purpose of this study is to understand the oral mucosal immune status of cancer patients and to make clear whether antibacterial proteins such as salivary secretory immunoglobulin (SIgA) and lysozyme in saliva were influenced by patients' health status and certain medical treatment therapy. Materials and Methods. This study included 221 patients with malignant tumor receiving antineoplastic treatment and 171 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Results. The results showed that patients suffering malignant tumor had lower level of SIgA and higher level of lysozyme than healthy subjects (P < 0.05). The SIgA level was significantly different among different cancer tumors, while the lysozyme level showed significant difference only between patients with digestive tract malignant tumor and hematopoietic system tumor. Pretreatment before transplantation for hematopoietic system tumor patients significantly affected the lysozyme level other than SIgA. SIgA level was affected by many factors such as age, therapy factors, and oral hygiene. Conclusion. Malignant tumor and the antineoplaston may weaken the patients' oral mucosal immunity, influence levels of some salivary proteins, and decrease the level of SIgA, resulting in aggregation of oral bacteria and failure of clearing them from the oral cavity.
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11
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Inflammatory mediators in saliva associated with arterial stiffness and subclinical atherosclerosis. J Hypertens 2015; 31:2251-8; discussion 2258. [PMID: 23868086 PMCID: PMC3819311 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e328363dccc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Whereas circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) have been associated with, for example, arterial stiffness, subclinical atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome, other inflammatory biomarkers with potential interest for these conditions may not be measurable systemically. The predictive value of salivary biomarkers in these contexts has remained largely unexplored. The aim of the present study was to establish the association of different salivary biomarkers of inflammation with subclinical cardiovascular disease. METHODS Two hundred and fifty-nine individuals were included in the study. Saliva and plasma samples were collected, and each individual underwent carotid ultrasound and measures of pulse wave velocity and blood pressure. Medical history of previous cardiovascular disease, current medications and smoking were collected by questionnaire. RESULTS Salivary levels of CRP, leukotriene B4 (LTB4), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), creatinine and lysozyme were measured. Salivary levels of CRP were significantly correlated with plasma levels (r = 0.73, P < 0.0001). In an age-adjusted and sex-adjusted analysis, salivary CRP was significantly and positively correlated with mean arterial blood pressure, pulse pressure, pulse wave velocity, BMI, metabolic syndrome, waist-to-hip ratio and intima-media thickness. Increasing age and sex-adjusted salivary CRP tertiles were in addition associated with carotid plaques. In a multivariate analysis, CRP and MMP-9 were associated with intima-media thickness, LTB4 and PGE2 with arterial stiffness, and lysozyme with hypertension. CONCLUSION Saliva may represent an alternative mean for evaluation of cardiovascular risk.
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Knaś M, Zalewska A, Waszkiewicz N, Szulimowska J, Dzięcioł J, Sierakowski S, Waszkiel D. Salivary: flow and proteins of the innate and adaptive immunity in the limited and diffused systemic sclerosis. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 43:521-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Knaś
- The Institute of Health Care; The Higher Vocational School-Prof. E.F. Szczepanik; Suwalki Poland
| | - Anna Zalewska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry; Medical University in Bialystok; Bialystok Poland
| | | | - Julita Szulimowska
- Department of Paedodontics; Medical University in Bialystok; Bialystok Poland
| | - Janusz Dzięcioł
- Department of the Human Anatomy; Medical University in Bialystok; Bialystok Poland
| | - Stanisław Sierakowski
- Department of Rheumatology; Internal Diseases Medical University in Bialystok; Bialystok Poland
| | - Danuta Waszkiel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry; Medical University in Bialystok; Bialystok Poland
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13
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Salivary diagnostics: a brief review. ISRN DENTISTRY 2014; 2014:158786. [PMID: 24616813 PMCID: PMC3926256 DOI: 10.1155/2014/158786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Early detection of disease plays a crucial role for treatment planning and prognosis. Saliva has great potential as a diagnostic fluid and offers advantage over serum and other biological fluids by an economic and noninvasive collection method for monitoring of systemic health and disease progression. The plethora of components in this fluid can act as biomarkers for diagnosis of various systemic and local diseases. In this review paper, we have emphasized the role of salivary biomarkers as diagnostic tools.
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Cuevas-Córdoba B, Santiago-García J. Saliva: a fluid of study for OMICS. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2014; 18:87-97. [PMID: 24404837 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2013.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Saliva is a fluid that can be collected easily and noninvasively. Its functions in the oral cavity are well known. Advances in molecular biology and technology, as well as research conducted by the various disciplines of omics (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and metagenomics) have contributed to the identification and characterization of salivary components, including DNA, RNA, proteins, metabolites, and microorganisms. These biomolecules enter the saliva through extracellular and intracellular routes, providing information from several organs and systems and raising the possibility of their use as disease biomarkers. In recent years, these factors have expanded the potential use of saliva as a diagnostic fluid for oral and systemic diseases. This review integrates information regarding salivary biomolecules studied through omics and explores their utility as biomarkers for the diagnosis of several infectious and noninfectious diseases, and the opportunity they represent for the development of point of care devices for clinical application. We also discuss the advantages, disadvantages, and challenges to be overcome in order to establish saliva as a useful fluid for the accurate diagnosis and monitoring of a wide range of diseases.
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Janket SJ, Baird AE, Jones JA, Jackson EA, Surakka M, Tao W, Meurman JH, Van Dyke TE. Number of teeth, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen and cardiovascular mortality: a 15-year follow-up study in a Finnish cohort. J Clin Periodontol 2013; 41:131-40. [PMID: 24354534 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM To test whether the number of teeth, an inverse proxy for composite oral infection scores is associated with better survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Kuopio Oral Health and Heart study initiated a case-control study in 1995-1996 consisting of 256 consecutive coronary artery disease patients and 250 age and gender-matched controls. We appended the mortality data and formulated a longitudinal study. By May 31st, 2011, 124 mortalities had occurred and 80 of which were of cardiovascular origin. Using Cox proportional hazards models, we assessed the association of the teeth group (Teethgrp) - consisting of 10 teeth - with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality after 15.8 years of median follow-up. RESULTS In multivariate models, with the edentulous state as reference, one level increase in Teethgrp was associated with significantly increased survival from cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality with a Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.73, p-value = 0.02 but not with all-cause mortality (HR = 0.87, p = 0.13). The findings were not mediated by C-reactive protein (CRP) levels ≥3 mg/L or by median fibrinogen levels, but were mediated by CRP levels >5 mg/L. CONCLUSION Each increment of 10 teeth from the edentulous state was associated with a 27% improved CVD survival, independent of low-grade systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sok-Ja Janket
- Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Removable dental prostheses and cardiovascular survival: a 15-year follow-up study. J Dent 2013; 41:740-6. [PMID: 23770385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In previous studies, increasing number of teeth predicted better survival and the acute needs for dental treatment predicted mortality. We sought to investigate whether restored dentitions by various removable dental prostheses impact cardiovascular (CVD) longevity. METHODS Kuopio Oral Health and Heart study was initiated as a cross-sectional investigation with 256 subjects with diagnosed coronary artery disease [CAD] and 250 age- and sex-matched controls without CAD in 1995-1996. The mean age of both groups was 61, 30% were females. We appended mortality follow-up records to the baseline data and formulated this 15-year follow-up study. We examined the relationship between various types of dental prostheses and cardiovascular mortality by proportional hazard regression analyses. We also explored their correlation to oral and systemic inflammatory markers such as asymptotic dental score and C-reactive protein. RESULTS In a model adjusted for age, sex and smoking, groups having only natural teeth (NT), removable partial denture(s) [PD] and NT, a PD and a full denture [FD], and FD/FD or FD/NT demonstrated the following hazard ratios for mortality (95% confidence interval). NT both arches: 1.00 [reference]; PD and NT: 0.75 [0.22-2.56]; PD and FD: 1.99 [1.05-3.81]; and FD opposed by FD or NT: 1.71 [0.93-3.13], respectively [p for trend=0.05]. Although statistically not significant, those with PD and NT with mean a number of teeth [Nteeth] of 15.4 had better survival compared with those who had all NT [Nteeth=22.5]; while those who had FD and PD [Nteeth=6.5] had shorter longevity than those with FD/FD or FD/NT [Nteeth=3.5]. CONCLUSIONS Although not all subgroups of dental prostheses reached significant relationship with CVD mortality, our study suggests that not only the number [quantity] of remaining teeth but their maintenance [quality] removing potential inflammatory foci, such as pericoronitis or retained root tips, may positively impact on cardiovascular survival.
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Abstract
Background and Objective Analysis of inflammatory biomarkers in saliva could offer an attractive opportunity for the diagnosis of different systemic conditions specifically in epidemiological surveys. The aim of this study was to investigate if certain salivary biomarkers could be used for detection of common systemic diseases. Materials and Methods A randomly selected sample of 1000 adults living in Skåne, a county in the southern part of Sweden, was invited to participate in a clinical study of oral health. 451 individuals were enrolled in this investigation, 51% women. All participants were asked to fill out a questionnaire, history was taken, a clinical examination was made and stimulated saliva samples were collected. Salivary concentrations of IL-1β, -6, -8, TNF-α, lysozyme, MMP-8 and TIMP-1 were determined using ELISA, IFMA or Luminex assays. Results Salivary IL-8 concentration was found to be twice as high in subjects who had experience of tumour diseases. In addition, IL-8 levels were also elevated in patients with bowel disease. MMP-8 levels were elevated in saliva from patients after cardiac surgery or suffering from diabetes, and muscle and joint diseases. The levels of IL-1β, IL-8 and MMP-8, as well as the MMP-8/TIMP-1 ratio were higher in subjects with muscle and joint diseases. Conclusion Biomarkers in saliva have the potential to be used for screening purposes in epidemiological studies. The relatively unspecific inflammatory markers used in this study can not be used for diagnosis of specific diseases but can be seen as markers for increased systemic inflammation.
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Zalewska A, Knaś M, Waszkiewicz N, Waszkiel D, Sierakowski S, Zwierz K. Rheumatoid arthritis patients with xerostomia have reduced production of key salivary constituents. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2013; 115:483-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2012.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
Salivary diagnostics is a dynamic and emerging field utilizing nanotechnology and molecular diagnostics to aid in the diagnosis of oral and systemic diseases. In this article the author critically reviews the latest advances using oral biomarkers for disease detection. The use of oral fluids is broadening perspectives in clinical diagnosis, disease monitoring, and decision making for patient care. Important elements determining the future possibilities and challenges in this field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Malamud
- Department of Basic Sciences, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA.
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Qvarnstrom M, Janket SJ, Jones JA, Jethwani K, Nuutinen P, Garcia RI, Baird AE, Van Dyke TE, Meurman JH. Association of salivary lysozyme and C-reactive protein with metabolic syndrome. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37:805-11. [PMID: 20666873 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2010.01605.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Salivary lysozyme (SLZ) is a proteolytic enzyme secreted by oral leucocytes and contains a domain that has an affinity to advanced glycation end products (AGE). Thus, we hypothesized that SLZ would be associated with metabolic syndrome (metS), a pro-inflammatory state. METHODS Utilizing cross-sectional data from 250 coronary artery disease (CAD) and 250 non-CAD patients, the association of SLZ with metS was tested by logistic regression analyses controlling for age, sex, smoking, total cholesterol and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. The analyses were stratified by CAD status to control for the possible effects of CAD. RESULTS MetS was found in 122 persons. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for metS associated with the highest quartile of SLZ was 1.95 with 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20-3.12, p-value=0.007, compared with the lower three quartiles combined. Among the 40 subjects with metS but without CAD, the OR was 1.63 (CI: 0.64-4.15, p=0.31), whereas in the CAD group, SLZ was significantly associated with metS [OR=1.96 (1.09-3.52), p=0.02]. In both subgroups, CRP was not significantly associated with metS. CONCLUSION SLZ was significantly associated with metS (OR=1.95) independent of CRP level. Future longitudinal research is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markku Qvarnstrom
- Otorhinolaryngology/Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kuopio University, Kuopio, Finland
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