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Masuda M, Hori M, Inukai J, Suzuki T, Imazato S, Kawai T. Intracellular stress caused by composite resins: An in vitro study using a bioluminescent antioxidant-responsive element reporter assay. J Conserv Dent 2023; 26:275-280. [PMID: 37398862 PMCID: PMC10309129 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_30_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Elucidating the effects of leachates from composite resins (CRs) on cells by examining the transcription level of detoxification genes and the antioxidant-responsive element (ARE), would be helpful in clinical practice. Aims The aim of the study is to investigate the cytotoxicity of commercially available CRs, we used a reporter assay system to evaluate intracellular stress based on ARE-mediated transcription. Setting and Design The study design was an in vitro study. Materials and Methods Seven kinds of CRs were each placed in four-well plates to which culture medium was added and then light-cured. The prepared samples were used either immediately (sample A) or after incubation at 37°C for 24 h (sample B) in the subsequent ARE-luciferase reporter assay, in which HepG2 cells stably expressing an ARE-regulated luciferase reporter gene (HepG2-AD13 cells) were cultured for 6 h in culture media with the CR eluate (samples A or B) or without (control) (n = 4). In the cell viability assay, cell viability in various solutions with the same incubation time was confirmed by MTT assay (n = 4). Statistical analysis was performed using the paired t-test and one-way analysis of variance. Results All CR solutions showed an increase in ARE activation rate; a CR with spherical nanofillers showed the highest ARE activation rate of 108.5-fold in sample A. Cell viability was not significantly reduced for any of the CRs in sample A. However, the CR-containing bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA) caused a significant decrease in cell viability in sample B. Conclusions The intracellular stress in the viable cells differed among the CRs, depending on the type of monomer used. In particular, Bis-GMA-containing hydroxyl groups showed high cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Masuda
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Aichi Gakuin University Junior College, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Dental Material Science, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Miki Hori
- Department of Dental Material Science, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Junko Inukai
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Aichi Gakuin University Junior College, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takahiro Suzuki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Imazato
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Graduate School of Dentistry Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Kawai
- Department of Dental Material Science, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Bastidas-Coral AP, Bakker AD, Kleverlaan CJ, Hogervorst JMA, Klein-Nulend J, Forouzanfar T. Polymethyl methacrylate does not adversely affect the osteogenic potential of human adipose stem cells or primary osteoblasts. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 108:1536-1545. [PMID: 31648414 PMCID: PMC7187190 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Custom-made polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement is used to treat cranial bone defects but whether it is cytotoxic is still unsure. Possible PMMA-induced adverse effects in vivo affect mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblasts at the implant site. We aimed to investigate whether PMMA affects osteogenic and osteoclast activation potential of human mesenchymal stem cells and/or osteoblasts. Immediately after polymerization, PMMA was added to cultured human adipose stem cells (hASCs) or human osteoblasts (hOBs). Medium lactate dehydrogenase was measured (day 1), metabolic activity, proliferation, osteogenic and osteoclast-activation marker expression (day 1 and 7), and mineralization (day 14). PMMA did not affect lactate dehydrogenase, KI67 gene expression, or metabolic activity in hASCs and hOBs. PMMA transiently decreased DNA content in hOBs only. PMMA increased COL1 gene expression in hASCs, but decreased RUNX2 in hOBs. PMMA did not affect osteocalcin or alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression, ALP activity, or mineralization. Only in hOBs, PMMA decreased RANKL/OPG ratio. In conclusion, PMMA is not cytotoxic and does not adversely affect the osteogenic potential of hASCs or hOBs. Moreover, PMMA does not enhance production of osteoclast factors by hASCs and hOBs in vitro. Therefore, PMMA bone cement seems highly suitable to treat patients with cranial bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela P Bastidas-Coral
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid D Bakker
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J Kleverlaan
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda M A Hogervorst
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jenneke Klein-Nulend
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tymour Forouzanfar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Amsterdam UMC)-location VUmc/Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Egashira M, Suzuki T, Orimoto A, Obata T, Nakamura H, Tanaka M, Kanamori T, Kawai T. Structure-cytotoxicity relationship of methacrylate-based resin monomers as evaluated by an anti-oxidant responsive element-luciferase reporter assay. Dent Mater J 2016; 35:946-951. [PMID: 27904089 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2016-207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the chemical structure-cytotoxicity relationship of methacrylate-based resin monomers, we studied their effects on anti-oxidant responsive element (ARE)-mediated transcription. HepG2 cells stably expressing an ARE-regulated luciferase reporter gene were cultured for 6 h with various concentrations of several resin monomers and subjected to a luciferase assay. The doseresponse curves observed for hydrophobic monomers with different hydrocarbon chains (MMA, EMA, PMA and BMA) began to rise at concentrations between 0.5 and 1 mM; the curves rose as the monomer concentrations increased up to 5 (BMA), 10 (PMA), or 30 mM (MMA and EMA). In contrast, hydrophilic monomers having a hydroxyl group (HEMA and HPMA) showed bell-shaped curves, and stimulated the reporter expression more strongly than the hydrophobic monomers in a low concentration range (0.5-5 mM). The results suggest that introduction of a hydroxyl group in a methacrylate-based resin monomer increases its intracellular electrophilic reactivity and cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Egashira
- Department of Dental Material Science, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University
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Jiao Y, Ma S, Wang Y, Li J, Shan L, Chen J. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Reduces Cytotoxic Effects Caused by Dental Monomers: A Hypothesis. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:3197-202. [PMID: 26489899 PMCID: PMC4622224 DOI: 10.12659/msm.895628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Resin monomers from dental composite materials leached due to incomplete polymerization or biodegradation may cause contact allergies and damage dental pulp. The cytotoxicity of dental resin monomers is due to a disturbance of intracellular redox equilibrium, characterized by an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH). Oxidative stress caused by dental resin monomers leads to the disturbance of vital cell functions and induction of cell apoptosis in affected cells. The nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway plays a key role in the cellular defense system against oxidative and electrophilic stress. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) can activate the Nrf2 pathway and induce expression of a multitude of antioxidants and phase II enzymes that can restore redox homeostasis. Therefore, here, we tested the hypothesis that EGCG-mediated protection against resin monomer cytotoxicity is mediated by activation of the Nrf2 pathway. This study will help to elucidate the mechanism of resin monomer cytotoxicity and provide information that will be helpful in improving the biocompatibility of dental resin materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Sai Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yirong Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Xijing Hospital Affiliated to The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Lequn Shan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Jihua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
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Orimoto A, Suzuki T, Ueno A, Kawai T, Nakamura H, Kanamori T. Effect of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate on antioxidant responsive element-mediated transcription: a possible indication of its cytotoxicity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58907. [PMID: 23516576 PMCID: PMC3597541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The resin monomer 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) is known to be more cytotoxic than methyl methacrylate (MMA). Using a luciferase reporter assay system, we previously showed that MMA activates the glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 gene (Gsta1) promoter through the anti-oxidant responsive element (ARE). However, it is not known whether HEMA induces ARE-mediated transcription. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We further developed the reporter system and studied the concentration-dependent effect of HEMA on ARE enhancer activity. The revised system employed HepG2 cells stably transfected with a destabilized luciferase reporter vector carrying 2 copies of the 41-bp ARE region of Gsta1. In this system, MMA increased ARE activity by 244-fold at 30 mM; HEMA augmented ARE activity at 3 mM more intensely than MMA (36-fold versus 11-fold) and was equipotent as MMA at 10 mM (56-fold activation); however, HEMA failed to increase ARE activity at 30 mM. In HepG2 cells, HEMA detectably lowered the cellular glutathione levels at 10 mM and cell viability at 30 mM, but MMA did not. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the low-concentration effect of HEMA on ARE activity reflects its cytotoxicity. Our reporter system used to examine ARE activity may be useful for evaluating cytotoxicities of resin monomers at concentrations lower than those for which cell viabilities are reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Orimoto
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Suzuki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsuko Ueno
- Department of Gerodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Kawai
- Department of Dental Material Science, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakamura
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takao Kanamori
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
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Ding J, Yu HL, Ma WW, Xi YD, Zhao X, Yuan LH, Feng JF, Xiao R. Soy isoflavone attenuates brain mitochondrial oxidative stress induced by β-amyloid peptides 1-42 injection in lateral cerebral ventricle. J Neurosci Res 2012; 91:562-7. [PMID: 23239252 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate whether soy isoflavone (SIF) reduces oxidative stress and improves the antioxidant ability in mitochondria of rat brain damaged by injection of beta-amyloid peptides 1-42 (Aβ1-42). Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into control, Aβ1-42, SIF + Aβ1-42, and SIF groups according to body weight. The rats in the SIF + Aβ1-42 group and SIF group were intragastrically administered SIF suspension in 0.5% CMC-Na for 28 days, whereas the rats in control group and Aβ1-42 group were administered the same volume of 0.5% CMC-Na. On day 14, the rats in the Aβ1-42 group and SIF + Aβ1-42 group were injected with Aβ1-42 into the lateral cerebral ventricle with physiological saline. The rat brains were then sampled, and brain mitochondria were isolated. After this, the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and mitochondrial redox state were measured. The contents of brain nuclear factor E2-related factor (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein in brain tissue were quantitated by Western blot. The results showed that SIF maintained the MMP, elevated the reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio, and increased glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) protein expression in brain mitochondria. Additionally, SIF reversed the Aβ1-42-induced downregulation of the protein expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in brain tissue. These results indicated that SIF could alleviate the oxidative damage and maintain the redox imbalance in brain mitochondria damaged by Aβ1-42. This might result from regulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ding
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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The effect of staining solutions on the color stability of provisional prosthodontic materials. J Dent 2012; 40 Suppl 2:e41-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2012.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Bettencourt AF, Neves CB, de Almeida MS, Pinheiro LM, Oliveira SAE, Lopes LP, Castro MF. Biodegradation of acrylic based resins: A review. Dent Mater 2010; 26:e171-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2010.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2009] [Revised: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 01/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hansen PA, Sigler E, Husemann RH. Making multiple predictable single-unit provisional restorations using an indirect technique. J Prosthet Dent 2009; 102:260-3. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3913(09)60167-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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