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Houlden R, Crichton F. Want doctors to use VR simulation? Make it mandatory, accessible, educationally valuable, and enjoyable! MEDEDPUBLISH 2024; 14:8. [PMID: 38932994 PMCID: PMC11200059 DOI: 10.12688/mep.20040.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Virtual reality (VR) simulation training is mandatory for postgraduate year 1-2 doctors at the author's hospital trust. Despite this, a preceding quantitative study demonstrated uptake below required levels. While the educational value of VR simulation has been highlighted, little attention has been paid to participant utilisation in postgraduate curricula. With the increasing development and incorporation of VR-based clinical education, it is essential to understand the factors influencing how frequently postgraduate doctors utilise it so that its potential can be maximised. Methods A qualitative study design was employed. All 108 postgraduate year 1-2 doctors from the 2020-21 training year were invited for a semi-structured interview. Interviews continued until data saturation was reached in the form of informational redundancy. Reflexive thematic analysis was conducted. Results A total of 17 interviews were conducted. Four main themes that influenced participation in VR simulation were identified: (1) the mandatory nature encouraged participation but led to negative perceptions as a tick-box exercise; (2) there were multiple challenges to accessing the resource; (3) the scenarios were felt to have limited educational value; and (4) there was untapped potential in drawing benefits from VR as an enjoyable leisure activity. Conclusions Recommendations from these findings include: (1) VR simulation should be mandatory but with a degree of learner autonomy; (2) sessions should be integrated into doctors' rotas as protected time; (3) more challenging scenarios ought to be created aligned with postgraduate courses, examinations, and specialty training, and (4) presented as a difficulty level system akin to gaming experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riki Houlden
- University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
- East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Stevenage, England, UK
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Shoaib MH, Sikandar M, Yousuf RI, Parkash M, Kazmi SJH, Ahmed FR, Ahmed K, Saleem MT, Zaidi SH. Graduate and postgraduate educational challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic period: its impact and innovations-a scoping review. Syst Rev 2023; 12:195. [PMID: 37833820 PMCID: PMC10571448 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-023-02359-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has transformed the global view of education, including graduate and postgraduate education making the development of an alternative approach in times of social isolation an academic imperative. The present review aims to investigate the challenges experienced among undergraduate and postgraduate education and the strategies adopted to address these challenges during the pandemic. METHOD The preferred reporting items for the systematic review and meta-analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) were followed. The aim was to include journal articles published in the English language that discussed the influence of the pandemic on educational processes and applied innovative approaches as a solution to educational challenges. From January to August 2020, PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar were searched for articles, yielding 10,019 articles. Two groups of authors examined the retrieved articles separately to avoid any risk of bias. The title and abstract of the articles were used for scrutiny, followed by full-text screening based on the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. The facts and findings of the studies were also discussed based on per capita income, literacy rate, and Internet accessibility. RESULTS Thirty of the obtained articles were included in the study. The selected articles were from North and South/Latin America, Asia & Pacific, South Africa, and Europe regions. Nineteen of the selected articles dealt with undergraduate education, ten with postgraduate, and one with both groups. The affordability of digital devices and the availability of Internet services were the major challenges for low- and middle-income economies. The ZOOM platform has been adopted by more than 90% of the education systems. CONCLUSION Means of communication, including visual media, digitized content, and other web-based platforms, have been recognized as efficient learning and training tools, but have not been fully accessible for mass application and use due to the lack of availability of resources, their cost, and insufficient training among the users. In light of this review, it is suggested that harmonized and collaborative efforts should be made to develop cost-effective and user-friendly tools to overcome the current challenges and prevent future educational crises. SYSTEMIC REVIEW REGISTRATION The review was not registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Harris Shoaib
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Sikandar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Ismail Yousuf
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Monica Parkash
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Syed Jamil Hassan Kazmi
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Farrukh Rafiq Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Kamran Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Talha Saleem
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Hina Zaidi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
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Durrani S, Onyedimma C, Jarrah R, Bhatti A, Nathani KR, Bhandarkar AR, Mualem W, Ghaith AK, Zamanian C, Michalopoulos GD, Alexander AY, Jean W, Bydon M. The Virtual Vision of Neurosurgery: How Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality are Transforming the Neurosurgical Operating Room. World Neurosurg 2022; 168:190-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Lai C, Lui JT, Chen JM, Lin VY, Agrawal SK, Blevins NH, Ladak HM, Pirouzmand F. High-Fidelity Virtual Reality Simulation for the Middle Cranial Fossa Approach—Modules for Surgical Rehearsal and Education. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2022; 23:505-513. [DOI: 10.1227/ons.0000000000000387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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The Impact of COVID-19 on Surgical Training: the Past, the Present and the Future. Indian J Surg 2022; 84:131-138. [PMID: 34149230 PMCID: PMC8197597 DOI: 10.1007/s12262-021-02964-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and infection control measures had an unavoidable impact on surgical services. During the first wave of the pandemic, elective surgery, endoscopy, and 'face-to-face' clinics were discontinued after recommendations from professional bodies. In addition, training courses, examinations, conferences, and training rotations were postponed or cancelled. Inadvertently, infection control and prevention measures, both within and outside hospitals, have caused a significant negative impact on training. At the same time, they have given space to new technologies, like telemedicine and platforms for webinars, to blossom. While the recovery phase is well underway in some parts of the world, most surgical services are not operating at full capacity. Unfortunately, some countries are still battling a second or third wave of the pandemic with severely negative consequences on surgical services. Several studies have looked into the impact of COVID-19 on surgical training. Here, an objective overview of studies from different parts of the world is presented. Also, evidence-based solutions are suggested for future surgical training interventions.
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Virtual reality adoption during the COVID-19 pandemic: A uses and gratifications perspective. TELEMATICS AND INFORMATICS 2021; 65:101728. [PMID: 34887619 PMCID: PMC8520656 DOI: 10.1016/j.tele.2021.101728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted all aspects of people's lives, including how we work, play, learn, exercise, and socialize. Virtual reality (VR) technology has the potential to mitigate many of the challenges brought about by the pandemic, which has spurred increased adoption. However, relatively low adoption overall and limited software still restrict the power of VR to address COVID-19 difficulties effectively. This study examines how the perceived impacts of COVID-19 might lead to different VR uses and gratifications and device ownership / variability. Furthermore, we investigate the importance of social interactivity within VR for increasing adoption intentions. We surveyed 298 Amazon Mechanical Turk users during the Fall of 2020. Results indicate that the pandemic's perceived impacts influenced the likelihood of acquiring VR for education, tourism, and work. For VR ownership and variability, those who purchased VR during the pandemic were more likely to report buying it for work. Those with access to high-end VR hardware were more likely to report a broader range of uses, including socializing, health, and telemedicine. Validating the importance of various applications during the pandemic, we found that the desire for social interactivity mediates the impacts of COVID-19 on future adoption intentions. Theoretically, we propose several gratifications sought via the use of VR during the pandemic. Practically, we discuss recommendations for future VR research, marketing, and software design.
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Mitsakos AT, Xanthoudakis E, Irish W, Robey WC, Gilbird RM, Cringan J, Haisch CE. The Resource Costs of Maintaining Learner Utilization of a Simulation Center During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Am Surg 2021:31348211058637. [PMID: 34851174 DOI: 10.1177/00031348211058637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite advances in online education during the COVID-19 pandemic, its impact on surgical simulation remains unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the costs and resources required to maintain simulation training in the pandemic and to evaluate how it affected exposure of medical students to simulation during their surgical clerkship. METHODS The number of learners, contact hours, staff hours, and costs were collected from a multi-departmental simulation center of a single academic institution in a retrospective fashion. Utilization and expenditure metrics were compared between the first quarter of academic years 2018-2020. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate potential differences between overall resource utilization before and during the pandemic, and subgroup analysis was performed for the resources required for the training of the third-year medical students. RESULTS The overall number of learners and contact hours decreased during the first quarter of the academic year 2020 in comparison with 2019 and 2018. However, the staff hours increased. In addition, the costs for PPE increased for the same periods of time. In the subgroup analysis of the third-year medical students, there was an increase in the number of learners, as well as in the staff hours and in the space required to perform the simulation training. DISCUSSION Despite an increase in costs and resources spent on surgical simulation during the pandemic, the utilization by academic entities has remained unaffected. Further studies are required to identify potential solutions to lower simulation resources without a negative impact on the quality of surgical simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios T Mitsakos
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Education, 12278Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Eftechios Xanthoudakis
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Education, 12278Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - William Irish
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, 12278Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Walter C Robey
- Department of Emergency Medicine, 12278Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.,Department of Academic Affairs, Division of Health Sciences, 12278Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca M Gilbird
- Department of Academic Affairs, Division of Health Sciences, 12278Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Jessica Cringan
- Department of Academic Affairs, Division of Health Sciences, 12278Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Carl E Haisch
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Education, 12278Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
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Caldwell KE, Hess A, Wise PE, Awad MM. Maintaining Effective Senior Resident-Led Intern Education through Virtual Curricular Transition. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2021; 78:e112-e120. [PMID: 34210647 PMCID: PMC8905095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a significant shift to virtual resident education. While novel methods for virtual resident training have been described, many of these demonstrate a substantial change from previous instructional methods and their efficacy cannot be directly compared to in-person teaching. We sought to determine if the conversion of our intern "summer school" from an in-person to online format (a) impacted the knowledge acquisition of interns, and (b) their preferences for senior resident-led didactics. DESIGN A senior-resident led intern summer curriculum was started in an in-person format with the 2019-2020 academic year. Interns underwent assessments of their knowledge and surveys of changes in subject confidence. After the COVID-19 pandemic, the curriculum was shifted to an online format for the academic year 2020-2021. SETTING Washington University in St. Louis, an academic medical center located in St. Louis, Missouri PARTICIPANTS: PGY1 general surgery residents during academic year 2019-2020 (n = 13) and 2020-2021 (n = 14). RESULTS In both years, interns demonstrated significant increases in confidence pre- and post-summer school in all domains (p <0.01). This was no different between the in-person and the virtual administration of the bootcamp (p 0.76). In both virtual and in-person curricula, interns demonstrated increased knowledge as measured by multiple choice, boards-style question quizzes. There were no significant differences between virtual and in-person formats. In both formats, interns reported a preference for senior residents as teachers (81% v. 77%) and increased comfort in asking questions in senior resident-led vs. attending-led didactics (91% v 100%). CONCLUSION Virtual senior-resident led intern educational sessions are equally as effective as in-person sessions for knowledge acquisition and improving confidence in intern-specific domains. In both virtual and in-person settings, interns prefer senior resident teachers to attendings. Virtual senior resident-led education is an effective and simple method for intern instruction, regardless of the format/approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annie Hess
- Department of General Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Paul E Wise
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Colorectal Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Michael M Awad
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri
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Prabhu SP. 3D Modeling and Advanced Visualization of the Pediatric Brain, Neck, and Spine. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2021; 29:655-666. [PMID: 34717852 DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The ready availability of advanced visualization tools on picture archiving and communication systems workstations or even standard laptops through server-based or cloud-based solutions has enabled greater adoption of these techniques. We describe how radiologists can tailor imaging techniques for optimal 3D reconstructions provide a brief overview of the standard and newer "on-screen" techniques. We describe the process of creating 3D printed models for surgical simulation and education, with examples from the authors' institution and the existing literature. Finally, the review highlights current uses and potential future use cases for virtual reality and augmented reality applications in a pediatric neuroimaging setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay P Prabhu
- Neuroradiology Division, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, SIMPeds3D Print, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Gao Q, Hartwig MG. Commentary: Are 10,000 hours really the key to adult learning? Perhaps not. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 8:688-689. [PMID: 34604817 PMCID: PMC8474019 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjon.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qimeng Gao
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Matthew G Hartwig
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
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Rodriguez Santos F, González Salazar E, Dietrich A, Cano Busnelli V, Roni C, Facioni C, Mutchinick A, Palavecino M, Beskow A, Figari M, Pekolj J, de Santibañes M. Teaching strategies and outcomes in 3 different times of the COVID-19 pandemic through a dynamic assessment of medical skills and wellness of surgical trainees. Surgery 2021; 171:908-914. [PMID: 34548160 PMCID: PMC8382581 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2021.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic had a substantial impact on surgical training programs. This study describes the teaching strategies and outcomes in 3 different times of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic through a dynamic assessment of medical skills and well-being of trainees. METHODS Three surveys were administered during 2020 to general surgery residents and fellows in a university hospital in Argentina. Perceptions on the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 were described. The stress rate and risk factors were analyzed. RESULTS The study included 124 answers. In total, 59% were men, 82% of trainees reported concerns about the loss of surgical skills in early phase 1. Time spent with academic activities increased in 94.5% of the cases. Owing to the prompt implementation of changes, by the end of 2020, 73% participated in a greater number of procedures (P = .003); personal protective equipment use related problems dropped from 40% to 14% (P = .031), and the lack of adequate spaces where trainees could express reduced from 28% to zero. Half of the trainees felt stressed, and 18% required psychological assistance; reporting problems with personal protective equipment use was identified as a risk factor (P = .012). CONCLUSION Assessing trainees' perceptions at 3 different times of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic enabled the implementation of dynamic changes. The negative impact on surgical training was partially offset by the optimal use of virtual learning. Half of them felt stressed, identifying problems in the use of personal protective equipment as a predisposing factor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Agustin Dietrich
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Carolina Roni
- Department of Education, Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina and Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina; University Center for Simulation based Education, Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina and Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Clara Facioni
- Department of Education, Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina and Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina Mutchinick
- Department of Education, Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina and Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martin Palavecino
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina; University Center for Simulation based Education, Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina and Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Axel Beskow
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Figari
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Rector, Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina and Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Pekolj
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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