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Carey EG, Adeyemi FO, Neelakantan L, Fernandes B, Fazel M, Ford T, Burn AM. Preferences on Governance Models for Mental Health Data: Qualitative Study With Young People. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e50368. [PMID: 38652525 PMCID: PMC11077411 DOI: 10.2196/50368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving access to mental health data to accelerate research and improve mental health outcomes is a potentially achievable goal given the substantial data that can now be collected from mobile devices. Smartphones can provide a useful mechanism for collecting mental health data from young people, especially as their use is relatively ubiquitous in high-resource settings such as the United Kingdom and they have a high capacity to collect active and passive data. This raises the interesting opportunity to establish a large bank of mental health data from young people that could be accessed by researchers worldwide, but it is important to clarify how to ensure that this is done in an appropriate manner aligned with the values of young people. OBJECTIVE In this study, we discussed the preferences of young people in the United Kingdom regarding the governance, sharing, and use of their mental health data with the establishment of a global data bank in mind. We aimed to determine whether young people want and feel safe to share their mental health data; if so, with whom; and their preferences in doing so. METHODS Young people (N=46) were provided with 2 modules of educational material about data governance models and background in scientific research. We then conducted 2-hour web-based group sessions using a deliberative democracy methodology to reach a consensus where possible. Findings were analyzed using the framework method. RESULTS Young people were generally enthusiastic about contributing data to mental health research. They believed that broader availability of mental health data could be used to discover what improves or worsens mental health and develop new services to support young people. However, this enthusiasm came with many concerns and caveats, including distributed control of access to ensure appropriate use, distributed power, and data management that included diverse representation and sufficient ethical training for applicants and data managers. CONCLUSIONS Although it is feasible to use smartphones to collect mental health data from young people in the United Kingdom, it is essential to carefully consider the parameters of such a data bank. Addressing and embedding young people's preferences, including the need for robust procedures regarding how their data are managed, stored, and accessed, will set a solid foundation for establishing any global data bank.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Grace Carey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lakshmi Neelakantan
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Blossom Fernandes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mina Fazel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tamsin Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anne-Marie Burn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Afraz A, Montazeri M, Shahrbabaki ME, Ahmadian L, Jahani Y. The viewpoints of parents of children with mental disorders regarding the confidentiality and security of their children's information in the Iranian national electronic health record system. Int J Med Inform 2024; 183:105334. [PMID: 38218129 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2023.105334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Electronic health records help collect and communicate patient information among healthcare providers. The confidentiality of information, especially for patients with mental disorders, is paramount due to its profound impacts on individuals' lives' social and personal aspects. This study aimed to investigate the viewpoints and concerns of parents of children with mental disorders regarding the confidentiality and security of their children's information in the Iranian National Electronic Health Record System (IEHRS). METHODS This is a survey study on parents or guardians of children with mental disorders who visited Kerman's specialised child psychiatry treatment centres. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with 28 questions organised in seven sections, including demographic information of parents, children's medical history, Internet use, knowledge about IEHRS, the necessity of data collection, IEHRS security concerns, and privacy concerns. The data were analysed in SPSS 24 software using descriptive statistics and logistic and ordinal regressions to assess the relationship between parents' demographic characteristics and their viewpoints regarding information security and confidentiality concerns. RESULTS The results showed that more than 85 % of the parents believed that the security of their children's information in IEHRS was moderate to high. More than two-thirds (71 %) of the parents also believed that IEHRS should tighten its privacy policies. Most participants (87 %) were concerned about their children's information security in IEHRS. In this study, the parents' concerns about the privacy and security of information in IEHRS were not significantly associated with their age, gender, or knowledge about IEHRS. CONCLUSIONS Most parents of children with mental disorders were concerned about the security and confidentiality of their children's information in IEHRS. Thus, health policymakers should maintain a high level of security and establish appropriate privacy and confidentiality rules in IEHRS. In addition, they should be transparent about the system's security mechanisms and confidentiality regulations to win public trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Afraz
- Medical Informatics Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Health Information Sciences, Faculty of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Montazeri
- Medical Informatics Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Health Information Sciences, Faculty of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahin Eslami Shahrbabaki
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Leila Ahmadian
- Department of Health Information Sciences, Faculty of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Yunes Jahani
- Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Rahdar S, Montazeri M, Mirzaee M, Ahmadian L. The relationship between e-health literacy and information technology acceptance, and the willingness to share personal and health information among pregnant women. Int J Med Inform 2023; 178:105203. [PMID: 37688834 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2023.105203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many factors may affect pregnant women's willingness to accept information (IT) technology and share their personal and health information. One of these factors is their e-health literacy level. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between e-health literacy and IT acceptance, as well as the willingness of pregnant women to share their information. METHODS This survey was conducted among pregnant women visiting hospitals and private physicians' offices in Zahedan, Iran in 2019. Data were collected using a 4-part questionnaire with 66 questions. The data were analyzed using descriptive (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation) and inferential (Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression) statistics. RESULTS The mean scores of electronic health literacy, information technology acceptance, and willingness of pregnant women to share personal and health information were 27.43 ± 5.82, 145.49 ± 25.72, and 19.16 ± 5.47, respectively. There was a significant relationship between IT acceptance and information sharing, which means that with increasing IT acceptance, people were more willing to share their information. Also, the results showed that with the decrease in economic well-being, the willingness to share personal and health information decreases. CONCLUSION This study showed that with the increase in e-health literacy of pregnant women, their IT acceptance grows. Increasing IT acceptance improves their willingness to share their information. Setting and updating information-sharing rules and security mechanisms with the participation of people can help reduce concerns and increase public trust. Healthcare policymakers can encourage the use of health IT in the prevention and treatment of diseases by providing relevant education and informing people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajedeh Rahdar
- Department of Health Information Sciences, Faculty of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Mahdieh Montazeri
- Department of Health Information Sciences, Faculty of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Medical Informatics Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Moghadameh Mirzaee
- Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Leila Ahmadian
- Department of Health Information Sciences, Faculty of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Evertsz N, Bull S, Pratt B. What constitutes equitable data sharing in global health research? A scoping review of the literature on low-income and middle-income country stakeholders' perspectives. BMJ Glob Health 2023; 8:bmjgh-2022-010157. [PMID: 36977523 PMCID: PMC10069505 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-010157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite growing consensus on the need for equitable data sharing, there has been very limited discussion about what this should entail in practice. As a matter of procedural fairness and epistemic justice, the perspectives of low-income and middle-income country (LMIC) stakeholders must inform concepts of equitable health research data sharing. This paper investigates published perspectives in relation to how equitable data sharing in global health research should be understood. METHODS We undertook a scoping review (2015 onwards) of the literature on LMIC stakeholders' experiences and perspectives of data sharing in global health research and thematically analysed the 26 articles included in the review. RESULTS We report LMIC stakeholders' published views on how current data sharing mandates may exacerbate inequities, what structural changes are required in order to create an environment conducive to equitable data sharing and what should comprise equitable data sharing in global health research. CONCLUSIONS In light of our findings, we conclude that data sharing under existing mandates to share data (with minimal restrictions) risks perpetuating a neocolonial dynamic. To achieve equitable data sharing, adopting best practices in data sharing is necessary but insufficient. Structural inequalities in global health research must also be addressed. It is thus imperative that the structural changes needed to ensure equitable data sharing are incorporated into the broader dialogue on global health research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan Bull
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Psychological Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bridget Pratt
- Queensland Bioethics Centre, Australian Catholic University, Banyo, Queensland, Australia
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Maxwell L, Chamorro JB, Leegstra LM, Laguna HS, Miranda Montoya MC. "How about me giving blood for the COVID vaccine and not being able to get vaccinated?" A cognitive interview study on understanding of and agreement with broad consent for future use of data and samples in Colombia and Nicaragua. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0001253. [PMID: 37195974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Broad consent for future use, wherein researchers ask participants for permission to share participant-level data and samples collected within the study for purposes loosely related to the study objectives, is central to enabling ethical data and sample reuse. Ensuring that participants understand broad consent-related language is key to maintaining trust in the study and public health research. We conducted 52 cognitive interviews to explore cohort research participants' and their parents' understanding of the broad consent-related language in the University of California at Berkeley template informed consent (IC) form for biomedical research. Participants and their parents were recruited from long-standing infectious disease cohort studies in Nicaragua and Colombia and interviewed during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted semi-structured interviews to assess participants' agreement with the key concepts in the IC after clarifying them through the cognitive interview. Participants did not understand abstract concepts, including collecting and reusing genetic data. Participants wanted to learn about incidental findings, future users and uses. Trust in the research team and the belief that sharing could lead to new vaccines or treatments were critical to participant support for data and sample sharing. Participants highlighted the importance of data and sample sharing for COVID-19 response and equitable access to vaccines and treatments developed through sharing. Our findings on participants' understanding of broad consent and preferences for data and sample sharing can help inform researchers and ethics review committees working to enable ethical and equitable data and sample sharing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Maxwell
- Heidelberger Institut für Global Health, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Luz Marina Leegstra
- Heidelberger Institut für Global Health, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Cumyn A, Ménard JF, Barton A, Dault R, Lévesque F, Ethier JF. Patients and Members of the Public’s Wishes Regarding Transparency in the Context of Secondary Use of Health Data: A Scoping Review (Preprint). J Med Internet Res 2022; 25:e45002. [PMID: 37052967 PMCID: PMC10141314 DOI: 10.2196/45002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secondary use of health data has reached unequaled potential to improve health systems governance, knowledge, and clinical care. Transparency regarding this secondary use is frequently cited as necessary to address deficits in trust and conditional support and to increase patient awareness. OBJECTIVE We aimed to review the current published literature to identify different stakeholders' perspectives and recommendations on what information patients and members of the public want to learn about the secondary use of health data for research purposes and how and in which situations. METHODS Using PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines, we conducted a scoping review using Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and PubMed databases to locate a broad range of studies published in English or French until November 2022. We included articles reporting a stakeholder's perspective or recommendations of what information patients and members of the public want to learn about the secondary use of health data for research purposes and how or in which situations. Data were collected and analyzed with an iterative thematic approach using NVivo. RESULTS Overall, 178 articles were included in this scoping review. The type of information can be divided into generic and specific content. Generic content includes information on governance and regulatory frameworks, technical aspects, and scientific aims. Specific content includes updates on the use of one's data, return of results from individual tests, information on global results, information on data sharing, and how to access one's data. Recommendations on how to communicate the information focused on frequency, use of various supports, formats, and wording. Methods for communication generally favored broad approaches such as nationwide publicity campaigns, mainstream and social media for generic content, and mixed approaches for specific content including websites, patient portals, and face-to-face encounters. Content should be tailored to the individual as much as possible with regard to length, avoidance of technical terms, cultural competence, and level of detail. Finally, the review outlined 4 major situations where communication was deemed necessary: before a new use of data, when new test results became available, when global research results were released, and in the advent of a breach in confidentiality. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights how different types of information and approaches to communication efforts may serve as the basis for achieving greater transparency. Governing bodies could use the results: to elaborate or evaluate strategies to educate on the potential benefits; to provide some knowledge and control over data use as a form of reciprocity; and as a condition to engage citizens and build and maintain trust. Future work is needed to assess which strategies achieve the greatest outreach while striking a balance between meeting information needs and use of resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Cumyn
- Département de médecine, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Groupe de recherche interdisciplinaire en informatique de la santé, Faculté des sciences/Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Frédéric Ménard
- Groupe de recherche interdisciplinaire en informatique de la santé, Faculté des sciences/Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Faculté de droit, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Adrien Barton
- Groupe de recherche interdisciplinaire en informatique de la santé, Faculté des sciences/Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Roxanne Dault
- Groupe de recherche interdisciplinaire en informatique de la santé, Faculté des sciences/Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Frédérique Lévesque
- Groupe de recherche interdisciplinaire en informatique de la santé, Faculté des sciences/Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-François Ethier
- Département de médecine, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Groupe de recherche interdisciplinaire en informatique de la santé, Faculté des sciences/Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Thabrew H, Aljawahiri N, Kumar H, Bowden N, Milne B, Prictor M, Jordan V, Breedvelt J, Shepherd T, Hetrick S. 'As Long as It's Used for Beneficial Things': An Investigation of non-Māori, Māori and Young People's Perceptions Regarding the Research use of the Aotearoa New Zealand Integrated Data Infrastructure (IDI). J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics 2022; 17:471-482. [PMID: 35849389 DOI: 10.1177/15562646221111294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Aotearoa New Zealand Integrated Data Infrastructure (IDI) is a national database containing a wide range of data about people and households. There is limited information about public views regarding its use for research.A qualitative study was undertaken to examine the views of forty individuals attending a large hospital in Auckland, including those of Māori ethnicity and young people. Semi-structured interview data were analysed using Braun and Clarke's method of thematic analysis.Seven key themes emerged: 1) Limited knowledge about medical data held in national databases; 2) Conditional support for the use of the IDI, including for research; 3) Concerns regarding the misuse of IDI data; 4) The importance of privacy; 5) Different views regarding consent for use of data for research; 6) Desire for access to personal data and the results of research; and 7) Concerns regarding third party and commercial use. Young people and those of Māori ethnicity were more wary of data misuse than others.Although there is reasonable support for the secondary use of public administrative data in the IDI for research, there is more work to be done to ensure ethical and culturally appropriate use of this data via improved consent privacy management processes and researcher training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiran Thabrew
- The Werry Centre, Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Consult Liaison Team, 36716Starship Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Noor Aljawahiri
- The Werry Centre, Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Harshali Kumar
- The Werry Centre, Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas Bowden
- 161293Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,A Better Start National Science Challenge, Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Barry Milne
- A Better Start National Science Challenge, Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,589107Centre of Methods and Policy Application in Social Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Megan Prictor
- Health, Law and Emerging Technologies programme, 90147Melbourne Law School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
| | - Vanessa Jordan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 62710Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Toni Shepherd
- Consult Liaison Team, 36716Starship Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Hetrick
- The Werry Centre, Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Igumbor JO, Bosire EN, Vicente-Crespo M, Igumbor EU, Olalekan UA, Chirwa TF, Kinyanjui SM, Kyobutungi C, Fonn S. Considerations for an integrated population health databank in Africa: lessons from global best practices. Wellcome Open Res 2022; 6:214. [PMID: 35224211 PMCID: PMC8844538 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17000.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The rising digitisation and proliferation of data sources and repositories cannot be ignored. This trend expands opportunities to integrate and share population health data. Such platforms have many benefits, including the potential to efficiently translate information arising from such data to evidence needed to address complex global health challenges. There are pockets of quality data on the continent that may benefit from greater integration. Integration of data sources is however under-explored in Africa. The aim of this article is to identify the requirements and provide practical recommendations for developing a multi-consortia public and population health data-sharing framework for Africa. Methods: We conducted a narrative review of global best practices and policies on data sharing and its optimisation. We searched eight databases for publications and undertook an iterative snowballing search of articles cited in the identified publications. The Leximancer software
© enabled content analysis and selection of a sample of the most relevant articles for detailed review. Themes were developed through immersion in the extracts of selected articles using inductive thematic analysis. We also performed interviews with public and population health stakeholders in Africa to gather their experiences, perceptions, and expectations of data sharing. Results: Our findings described global stakeholder experiences on research data sharing. We identified some challenges and measures to harness available resources and incentivise data sharing. We further highlight progress made by the different groups in Africa and identified the infrastructural requirements and considerations when implementing data sharing platforms. Furthermore, the review suggests key reforms required, particularly in the areas of consenting, privacy protection, data ownership, governance, and data access. Conclusions: The findings underscore the critical role of inclusion, social justice, public good, data security, accountability, legislation, reciprocity, and mutual respect in developing a responsive, ethical, durable, and integrated research data sharing ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude O Igumbor
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, 2193, South Africa
| | - Edna N Bosire
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, 2193, South Africa
| | - Marta Vicente-Crespo
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, 2193, South Africa.,African Population and Health Research Centre, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ehimario U Igumbor
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria.,School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Uthman A Olalekan
- Warwick-Centre for Applied Health Research and Delivery (WCAHRD), Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Tobias F Chirwa
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, 2193, South Africa
| | | | | | - Sharon Fonn
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, 2193, South Africa
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Khan KA, Aigerim D, Xueqing Z, Adil A, Ghayas S, Yasmeen S, Khalid K, Tahir A. Construction and Piloting of Attitude Towards Research Participation Scale for University Students. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2021; 14:2071-2079. [PMID: 34938133 PMCID: PMC8687690 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s333450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Attitude toward participation in the research plays an important role in the quality of any research. Therefore, researchers aimed at construction and piloting of scale to measure attitude toward research participation for university students. Method and Results In Study I, an initial pool of items was generated on the basis of literature review, semi-structured interviews and expert opinions. After ensuring content validity and finalizing items with the help of experts, the scale was applied on a sample of 426 university students including both men (n = 114) and women (n = 312) with age range of 17–30. Exploratory factor analysis revealed the two factor structure was with 60.33% cumulative variance. The factors revealed were positive attitude and negative attitude toward research with alpha reliability of 0.84 for positive attitude while 0.76 for negative attitude. In Study II, confirmatory factor analysis revealed excellent model fit indices with two factor structure. Study III was meant to provide evidence of construct validity. Positive correlation showed exploration and curiosity with positive attitude toward research and negative correlation of exploration and curiosity with negative attitude toward research participation provided strong evidence for convergent validity. While non-significant correlation of attitude toward research with religiosity confirmed the divergent validity of the scale. Conclusion Findings of the study revealed that Attitude Toward Research Participation Scale is a valid and reliable measure. It can be used for university students to measure their attitude toward research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khatib Ahmad Khan
- School of Oriental Studies, Xian International Studies University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Danabekova Aigerim
- School of Chinese Language and Literature, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Xueqing
- School of Chinese Language and Literature, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Adnan Adil
- Department of Psychology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Saba Ghayas
- Department of Psychology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Safia Yasmeen
- Department of Psychology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Kinza Khalid
- Department of Psychology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Tahir
- Department of Psychology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
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Lysaght T, Ballantyne A, Toh HJ, Lau A, Ong S, Schaefer O, Shiraishi M, van den Boom W, Xafis V, Tai ES. Trust and Trade-Offs in Sharing Data for Precision Medicine: A National Survey of Singapore. J Pers Med 2021; 11:921. [PMID: 34575698 PMCID: PMC8465970 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11090921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Precision medicine (PM) programs typically use broad consent. This approach requires maintenance of the social license and public trust. The ultimate success of PM programs will thus likely be contingent upon understanding public expectations about data sharing and establishing appropriate governance structures. There is a lack of data on public attitudes towards PM in Asia. METHODS The aim of the research was to measure the priorities and preferences of Singaporeans for sharing health-related data for PM. We used adaptive choice-based conjoint analysis (ACBC) with four attributes: uses, users, data sensitivity and consent. We recruited a representative sample of n = 1000 respondents for an in-person household survey. RESULTS Of the 1000 respondents, 52% were female and majority were in the age range of 40-59 years (40%), followed by 21-39 years (33%) and 60 years and above (27%). A total of 64% were generally willing to share de-identified health data for IRB-approved research without re-consent for each study. Government agencies and public institutions were the most trusted users of data. The importance of the four attributes on respondents' willingness to share data were: users (39.5%), uses (28.5%), data sensitivity (19.5%), consent (12.6%). Most respondents found it acceptable for government agencies and hospitals to use de-identified data for health research with broad consent. Our sample was consistent with official government data on the target population with 52% being female and majority in the age range of 40-59 years (40%), followed by 21-39 years (33%) and 60 years and above (27%). CONCLUSIONS While a significant body of prior research focuses on preferences for consent, our conjoint analysis found consent was the least important attribute for sharing data. Our findings suggest the social license for PM data sharing in Singapore currently supports linking health and genomic data, sharing with public institutions for health research and quality improvement; but does not support sharing with private health insurers or for private commercial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamra Lysaght
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; (T.L.); (A.B.); (S.O.); (O.S.); (M.S.); (V.X.)
| | - Angela Ballantyne
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; (T.L.); (A.B.); (S.O.); (O.S.); (M.S.); (V.X.)
- Department of Primary Health Care & General Practice, University of Otago, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Hui Jin Toh
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; (T.L.); (A.B.); (S.O.); (O.S.); (M.S.); (V.X.)
| | - Andrew Lau
- Projective Insights Consultants, Singapore 590003, Singapore;
| | - Serene Ong
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; (T.L.); (A.B.); (S.O.); (O.S.); (M.S.); (V.X.)
| | - Owen Schaefer
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; (T.L.); (A.B.); (S.O.); (O.S.); (M.S.); (V.X.)
| | - Makoto Shiraishi
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; (T.L.); (A.B.); (S.O.); (O.S.); (M.S.); (V.X.)
| | - Willem van den Boom
- Yale-NUS College, National University of Singapore, Singapore 138527, Singapore;
| | - Vicki Xafis
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; (T.L.); (A.B.); (S.O.); (O.S.); (M.S.); (V.X.)
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore;
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore
- Precision Health Research, Singapore 139234, Singapore
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11
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Thoegersen JL, Borlund P. Researcher attitudes toward data sharing in public data repositories: a meta-evaluation of studies on researcher data sharing. JOURNAL OF DOCUMENTATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/jd-01-2021-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report a study of how research literature addresses researchers' attitudes toward data repository use. In particular, the authors are interested in how the term data sharing is defined, how data repository use is reported and whether there is need for greater clarity and specificity of terminology.Design/methodology/approachTo study how the literature addresses researcher data repository use, relevant studies were identified by searching Library Information Science and Technology Abstracts, Library and Information Science Source, Thomas Reuters' Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus. A total of 62 studies were identified for inclusion in this meta-evaluation.FindingsThe study shows a need for greater clarity and consistency in the use of the term data sharing in future studies to better understand the phenomenon and allow for cross-study comparisons. Furthermore, most studies did not address data repository use specifically. In most analyzed studies, it was not possible to segregate results relating to sharing via public data repositories from other types of sharing. When sharing in public repositories was mentioned, the prevalence of repository use varied significantly.Originality/valueResearchers' data sharing is of great interest to library and information science research and practice to inform academic libraries that are implementing data services to support these researchers. This study explores how the literature approaches this issue, especially the use of data repositories, the use of which is strongly encouraged. This paper identifies the potential for additional study focused on this area.
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Paramasivan S, Davies P, Richards A, Wade J, Rooshenas L, Mills N, Realpe A, Raj JP, Subramani S, Ives J, Huxtable R, Blazeby JM, Donovan JL. What empirical research has been undertaken on the ethics of clinical research in India? A systematic scoping review and narrative synthesis. BMJ Glob Health 2021; 6:e004729. [PMID: 34006518 PMCID: PMC8137180 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The post-2005 rise in clinical trials and clinical research conducted in India was accompanied by frequent reports of unethical practices, leading to a series of regulatory changes. We conducted a systematic scoping review to obtain an overview of empirical research pertaining to the ethics of clinical trials/research in India. METHODS Our search strategy combined terms related to ethics/bioethics, informed consent, clinical trials/research and India, across nine databases, up to November 2019. Peer-reviewed research exploring ethical aspects of clinical trials/research in India with any stakeholder groups was included. We developed an evidence map, undertook a narrative synthesis and identified research gaps. A consultation exercise with stakeholders in India helped contextualise the review and identify additional research priorities. RESULTS Titles/Abstracts of 9699 articles were screened, full text of 282 obtained and 80 were included. Research on the ethics of clinical trials/research covered a wide range of topics, often conducted with little to no funding. Studies predominantly examined what lay (patients/public) and professional participants (eg, healthcare staff/students/faculty) know about topics such as research ethics or understand from the information given to obtain their consent for research participation. Easily accessible groups, namely ethics committee members and healthcare students were frequently researched. Research gaps included developing a better understanding of the recruitment-informed consent process, including the doctor-patient interaction, in multiple contexts and exploring issues of equity and justice in clinical trials/research. CONCLUSION The review demonstrates that while a wide range of topics have been studied in India, the focus is largely on assessing knowledge levels across different population groups. This is a useful starting point, but fundamental questions remain unanswered about informed consent processes and broader issues of inequity that pervade the clinical trials/research landscape. A priority-setting exercise and appropriate funding mechanisms to support researchers in India would help improve the clinical trials/research ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Paramasivan
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR ARC West, Bristol, UK
| | - Philippa Davies
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) ConDuCT-II Trials Methodology Hub, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alison Richards
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) ConDuCT-II Trials Methodology Hub, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Julia Wade
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Leila Rooshenas
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR ARC West, Bristol, UK
| | - Nicola Mills
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR ARC West, Bristol, UK
| | - Alba Realpe
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR ARC West, Bristol, UK
| | - Jeffrey Pradeep Raj
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Supriya Subramani
- Institute of Biomedical Ethics and History of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Ives
- Centre for Ethics in Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard Huxtable
- Centre for Ethics in Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jane M Blazeby
- University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR ARC West, Bristol, UK
- University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
| | - Jenny L Donovan
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR ARC West, Bristol, UK
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13
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Howe N, Giles E, Newbury-Birch D, McColl E. Systematic review of participants' attitudes towards data sharing: a thematic synthesis. J Health Serv Res Policy 2019; 23:123-133. [PMID: 29653503 DOI: 10.1177/1355819617751555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Data sharing is well established in biological research, but evidence on sharing of clinical trial or public health research study data remains limited, in particular studies of research participants' perspectives of data sharing. This study systematically reviewed international evidence of research participants' attitudes towards the sharing of data for secondary research use. Methods Systematic search of seven databases, and author-, citation- and bibliography-follow up to identify studies examining research participants' attitudes towards data sharing. Studies were thematically analysed using NVivo v10 to identify recurring themes. Results Nine studies were eligible for inclusion. Thematic analysis identified four key themes: (1) benefits of data sharing, including benefit to participants or immediate community, benefits to the public and benefits to science or research; (2) fears and harms, such as fear of exploitation, stigmatization or repercussions, alongside concerns about confidentiality and misuse of data; (3) data sharing processes, in particular the role of consent in the process; and (4) the relationship between participants and research such as trust in different types of research or organization and the relationship with the original research team. Conclusions The available literature on attitudes towards sharing data from clinical trials or public health interventions remains scant. This study has identified four themes regarding research participants' attitudes and preferences, which should be considered by policy makers, and explored with further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Howe
- 1 Database Manager, Newcastle Clinical Trials Unit, 5994 Newcastle University , Newcastle University, UK
| | - Emma Giles
- 2 Senior Research Lecturer in Public Health, School of Health and Social Care, Teesside University, UK
| | - Dorothy Newbury-Birch
- 3 Professor of Alcohol and Public Health Research, School of Health and Social Care, Teesside University, UK
| | - Elaine McColl
- 4 Professor of Health Service Research, Institute of Health and Society, 5994 Newcastle University , Newcastle University, UK
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14
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Cheah PY, Jatupornpimol N, Hanboonkunupakarn B, Khirikoekkong N, Jittamala P, Pukrittayakamee S, Day NPJ, Parker M, Bull S. Challenges arising when seeking broad consent for health research data sharing: a qualitative study of perspectives in Thailand. BMC Med Ethics 2018; 19:86. [PMID: 30404642 PMCID: PMC6223036 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-018-0326-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research funders, regulatory agencies, and journals are increasingly expecting that individual-level data from health research will be shared. Broad consent to such sharing is considered appropriate, feasible and acceptable in low- and middle-income settings, but to date limited empirical research has been conducted to inform the design of such processes. We examined stakeholder perspectives about how best to seek broad consent to sharing data from the Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, which implemented a data sharing policy and broad consent to data sharing in January 2016. METHODS Between February and August 2017 qualitative data were collected at two sites, Bangkok and the Thai-Myanmar border town of Mae Sot. We conducted eighteen semi-structured interviews. We also conducted four focus group discussions with a total of nineteen people. Descriptive and thematic coding informed analysis of aspects of data sharing that are considered most important to inform participants about, and the best ways to explain complex and abstract topics relating to data sharing. RESULTS The findings demonstrated that clinical trial participants prioritise information about the potential benefits and harms of data sharing. Stakeholders made multiple suggestions for clarifying information provided about data sharing on such topics. There was significant variation amongst stakeholders' perspectives about how much information should be provided about data sharing, and it was clear that effective information provision should be responsive to the study, the study population, the individual research participant and the research context. CONCLUSIONS Effectively communicating about data sharing with research participants is challenging in practice, highlighting the importance of robust and effective data sharing governance in this context. Broad consent should incorporate effective and efficient explanations of data sharing to promote informed decision-making, without impeding research participants' understandings of key aspects of the research from which data will be shared. Further work is required to refine both the development of core information about data sharing to be provided to all research participants, and appropriate solutions for context specific-challenges arising when explaining data sharing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phaik Yeong Cheah
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK. .,The Ethox Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Nattapat Jatupornpimol
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Borimas Hanboonkunupakarn
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Napat Khirikoekkong
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Podjanee Jittamala
- Department of Tropical Hygiene, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sasithon Pukrittayakamee
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nicholas P J Day
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Michael Parker
- The Ethox Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Susan Bull
- The Ethox Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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15
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Malla C, Aylward P, Ward P. Knowledge translation for public health in low- and middle- income countries: a critical interpretive synthesis. Glob Health Res Policy 2018; 3:29. [PMID: 30377666 PMCID: PMC6196454 DOI: 10.1186/s41256-018-0084-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Effective knowledge translation allows the optimisation of access to and utilisation of research knowledge in order to inform and enhance public health policy and practice. In low- and middle- income countries, there are substantial complexities that affect the way in which research can be utilised for public health action. This review attempts to draw out concepts in the literature that contribute to defining some of the complexities and contextual factors that influence knowledge translation for public health in low- and middle- income countries. Methods A Critical Interpretive Synthesis was undertaken, a method of analysis which allows a critical review of a wide range of heterogeneous evidence, through incorporating systematic review methods with qualitative enquiry techniques. A search for peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2016 on the topic of knowledge translation for public health in low- and middle – income countries was carried out, and 85 articles were reviewed and analysed using this method. Results Four main concepts were identified: 1) tension between ‘global’ and ‘local’ health research, 2) complexities in creating and accessing evidence, 3) contextualising knowledge translation strategies for low- and middle- income countries, and 4) the unique role of non-government organisations in the knowledge translation process. Conclusion This method of review has enabled the identification of key concepts that may inform practice or further research in the field of knowledge translation in low- and middle- income countries. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s41256-018-0084-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Malla
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia 5042 Australia
| | - Paul Aylward
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia 5042 Australia
| | - Paul Ward
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia 5042 Australia
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16
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Terry RF, Littler K, Olliaro PL. Sharing health research data - the role of funders in improving the impact. F1000Res 2018; 7:1641. [PMID: 30647910 PMCID: PMC6317492 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.16523.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent public health emergencies with outbreaks of influenza, Ebola and Zika revealed that the mechanisms for sharing research data are neither being used, or adequate for the purpose, particularly where data needs to be shared rapidly. A review of research papers, including completed clinical trials related to priority pathogens, found only 31% (98 out of 319 published papers, excluding case studies) provided access to all the data underlying the paper - 65% of these papers give no information on how to find or access the data. Only two clinical trials out of 58 on interventions for WHO priority pathogens provided any link in their registry entry to the background data. Interviews with researchers revealed a reluctance to share data included a lack of confidence in the utility of the data; an absence of academic-incentives for rapid dissemination that prevents subsequent publication and a disconnect between those who are collecting the data and those who wish to use it quickly. The role of the funders of research needs to change to address this. Funders need to engage early with the researchers and related stakeholders to understand their concerns and work harder to define the more explicitly the benefits to all stakeholders. Secondly, there needs to be a direct benefit to sharing data that is directly relevant to those people that collect and curate the data. Thirdly more work needs to be done to realise the intent of making data sharing resources more equitable, ethical and efficient. Finally, a checklist of the issues that need to be addressed when designing new or revising existing data sharing resources should be created. This checklist would highlight the technical, cultural and ethical issues that need to be considered and point to examples of emerging good practice that can be used to address them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Terry
- Research Policy, TDR - The Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland
| | | | - Piero L Olliaro
- Implementation and Intervention Research, TDR - The Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland
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17
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Liverani M, Teng S, Le MS, Coker R. Sharing public health data and information across borders: lessons from Southeast Asia. Global Health 2018; 14:94. [PMID: 30268139 PMCID: PMC6162912 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-018-0415-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The importance of data and information sharing for the prevention and control of infectious diseases has long been recognised. In recent years, public health emergencies such as avian influenza, drug-resistant malaria, and Ebola have brought renewed attention to the need for effective communication channels between health authorities, particularly in regional contexts where neighbouring countries share common health threats. However, little empirical research has been conducted to date to explore the range of factors that may affect the transfer, exchange, and use of public health data and expertise across borders, especially in developing contexts. Methods To explore these issues, 60 interviews were conducted with domestic and international stakeholders in Cambodia and Vietnam, selected amongst those who were involved in regional public health programmes and networks. Data analysis was structured around three categories mapped across the dataset: (1) the nature of shared data and information; (2) the nature of communication channels; and (3) how information flow may be affected by the local, regional, and global system of rules and arrangements. Results There has been a great intensification in the circulation of data, information, and expertise across borders in Southeast Asia. However, findings from this study document ways in which the movement of data and information from production sites to other places can be challenging due to different standards and practices, language barriers, different national structures and rules that govern the circulation of health information inside and outside countries, imbalances in capacities and power, and sustainability of financing arrangements. Conclusions Our study highlights the complex socio-technical nature of data and information sharing, suggesting that best practices require significant involvement of an independent third-party brokering organisation or office, which can redress imbalances between country partners at different levels in the data sharing process, create meaningful communication channels and make the most of shared information and data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Liverani
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK. .,Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Srey Teng
- Department of Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Minh Sat Le
- Ministry of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Richard Coker
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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18
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Serwadda D, Ndebele P, Grabowski MK, Bajunirwe F, Wanyenze RK. Open data sharing and the Global South-Who benefits? Science 2018; 359:642-643. [PMID: 29439233 DOI: 10.1126/science.aap8395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Serwadda
- Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda. .,Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda
| | - Paul Ndebele
- Medical Research Council of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - M Kate Grabowski
- Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Francis Bajunirwe
- Department of Community Health, Mbarara University for Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
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19
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Cheah PY, Tangseefa D, Somsaman A, Chunsuttiwat T, Nosten F, Day NPJ, Bull S, Parker M. Perceived Benefits, Harms, and Views About How to Share Data Responsibly: A Qualitative Study of Experiences With and Attitudes Toward Data Sharing Among Research Staff and Community Representatives in Thailand. J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics 2016; 10:278-89. [PMID: 26297749 PMCID: PMC4547202 DOI: 10.1177/1556264615592388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The Thailand Major Overseas Programme coordinates large multi-center studies in tropical medicine and generates vast amounts of data. As the data sharing movement gains momentum, we wanted to understand attitudes and experiences of relevant stakeholders about what constitutes good data sharing practice. We conducted 15 interviews and three focus groups discussions involving 25 participants and found that they generally saw data sharing as something positive. Data sharing was viewed as a means to contribute to scientific progress and lead to better quality analysis, better use of resources, greater accountability, and more outputs. However, there were also important reservations including potential harms to research participants, their communities, and the researchers themselves. Given these concerns, several areas for discussion were identified: data standardization, appropriate consent models, and governance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - François Nosten
- Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand University of Oxford, UK
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20
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Abstract
This issue of the Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics highlights the ethical issues that arise when researchers conducting projects in low- and middle-income countries seek to share the data they produce. Although sharing data is considered a best practice, the barriers to doing so are considerable and there is a need for guidance and examples. To that end, the authors of this article reviewed the articles in this special issue to identify challenges common to the five countries and to offer some practical advice to assist researchers in navigating this "uncharted territory," as some termed it. Concerns around informed consent, data management, data dissemination, and validation of research contributions were cited frequently as particularly challenging areas, so the authors focused on these four topics with the goal of providing specific resources to consult as well as examples of successful projects attempting to solve many of the problems raised.
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Affiliation(s)
- George C Alter
- Institute for Social Research, Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Mary Vardigan
- Institute for Social Research, Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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21
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Tindana P, de Vries J. Broad Consent for Genomic Research and Biobanking: Perspectives from Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2016; 17:375-93. [PMID: 26905784 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-083115-022456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Genomic research and biobanking are increasingly being conducted in the context of collaborations between researchers in high-income countries and those in low- and middle-income countries. Although these scientific advancements have presented unique opportunities for researchers to contribute to cutting-edge scientific projects and address important health problems, they have also challenged existing ethical and regulatory frameworks, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Broad consent is a model that allows the use of human biological samples and associated data in future research that may be unrelated to the original study. Drawing on emerging perspectives in low- and middle-income countries, we argue that broad consent is equivalent to consent to governance and that a robust governance framework for genomics and biobanking should seek to promote global health and research equity and take into account five key elements: respect, authentic community engagement and trust building, the preservation of privacy and confidentiality, feedback of results, and capacity strengthening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Tindana
- Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Navrongo, Ghana;
| | - Jantina de Vries
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa;
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22
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Jao I, Kombe F, Mwalukore S, Bull S, Parker M, Kamuya D, Molyneux S, Marsh V. Research Stakeholders' Views on Benefits and Challenges for Public Health Research Data Sharing in Kenya: The Importance of Trust and Social Relations. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135545. [PMID: 26331716 PMCID: PMC4557837 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing recognition of the importance of sharing research data within the international scientific community, but also of the ethical and social challenges this presents, particularly in the context of structural inequities and varied capacity in international research. Public involvement is essential to building locally responsive research policies, including on data sharing, but little research has involved stakeholders from low-to-middle income countries. METHODS Between January and June 2014, a qualitative study was conducted in Kenya involving sixty stakeholders with varying experiences of research in a deliberative process to explore views on benefits and challenges in research data sharing. In-depth interviews and extended small group discussions based on information sharing and facilitated debate were used to collect data. Data were analysed using Framework Analysis, and charting flow and dynamics in debates. FINDINGS The findings highlight both the opportunities and challenges of communicating about this complex and relatively novel topic for many stakeholders. For more and less research-experienced stakeholders, ethical research data sharing is likely to rest on the development and implementation of appropriate trust-building processes, linked to local perceptions of benefits and challenges. The central nature of trust is underpinned by uncertainties around who might request what data, for what purpose and when. Key benefits perceived in this consultation were concerned with the promotion of public health through science, with legitimate beneficiaries defined differently by different groups. Important challenges were risks to the interests of study participants, communities and originating researchers through stigmatisation, loss of privacy, impacting autonomy and unfair competition, including through forms of intentional and unintentional 'misuse' of data. Risks were also seen for science. DISCUSSION Given background structural inequities in much international research, building trust in this low-to-middle income setting includes ensuring that the interests of study participants, primary communities and originating researchers will be promoted as far as possible, as well as protected. Important ways of building trust in data sharing include involving the public in policy development and implementation, promoting scientific collaborations around data sharing and building close partnerships between researchers and government health authorities to provide checks and balances on data sharing, and promote near and long-term translational benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Jao
- Health Systems and Research Ethics Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Francis Kombe
- Health Systems and Research Ethics Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Salim Mwalukore
- Health Systems and Research Ethics Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Susan Bull
- Ethox Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Parker
- Ethox Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dorcas Kamuya
- Health Systems and Research Ethics Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Ethox Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sassy Molyneux
- Health Systems and Research Ethics Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vicki Marsh
- Health Systems and Research Ethics Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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23
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Parker M, Bull S. Sharing Public Health Research Data: Toward the Development of Ethical Data-Sharing Practice in Low- and Middle-Income Settings. J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics 2015; 10:217-24. [PMID: 26297744 PMCID: PMC4547199 DOI: 10.1177/1556264615593494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
It is increasingly recognized that effective and appropriate data sharing requires the development of models of good data-sharing practice capable of taking seriously both the potential benefits to be gained and the importance of ensuring that the rights and interests of participants are respected and that risk of harms is minimized. Calls for the greater sharing of individual-level data from biomedical and public health research are receiving support among researchers and research funders. Despite its potential importance, data sharing presents important ethical, social, and institutional challenges in low-income settings. In this article, we report on qualitative research conducted in five low- and middle-income countries exploring the experiences of key research stakeholders and their views about what constitutes good data-sharing practice.
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24
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Jao I, Kombe F, Mwalukore S, Bull S, Parker M, Kamuya D, Molyneux S, Marsh V. Involving Research Stakeholders in Developing Policy on Sharing Public Health Research Data in Kenya: Views on Fair Process for Informed Consent, Access Oversight, and Community Engagement. J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics 2015; 10:264-77. [PMID: 26297748 PMCID: PMC4548475 DOI: 10.1177/1556264615592385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Increased global sharing of public health research data has potential to advance scientific progress but may present challenges to the interests of research stakeholders, particularly in low-to-middle income countries. Policies for data sharing should be responsive to public views, but there is little evidence of the systematic study of these from low-income countries. This qualitative study explored views on fair data-sharing processes among 60 stakeholders in Kenya with varying research experience, using a deliberative approach. Stakeholders' attitudes were informed by perceptions of benefit and concerns for research data sharing, including risks of stigmatization, loss of privacy, and undermining scientific careers and validity, reported in detail elsewhere. In this article, we discuss institutional trust-building processes seen as central to perceptions of fairness in sharing research data in this setting, including forms of community involvement, individual prior awareness and agreement to data sharing, independence and accountability of governance mechanisms, and operating under a national framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Jao
- KEMRI Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Francis Kombe
- KEMRI Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | | | | | | | - Dorcas Kamuya
- KEMRI Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya Oxford University, UK
| | - Sassy Molyneux
- KEMRI Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya Oxford University, UK
| | - Vicki Marsh
- KEMRI Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya Oxford University, UK
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25
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Bull S, Roberts N, Parker M. Views of Ethical Best Practices in Sharing Individual-Level Data From Medical and Public Health Research: A Systematic Scoping Review. J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics 2015; 10:225-38. [PMID: 26297745 PMCID: PMC4548478 DOI: 10.1177/1556264615594767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing support for sharing individual-level data generated by medical and public health research. This scoping review of empirical research and conceptual literature examined stakeholders' perspectives of ethical best practices in data sharing, particularly in low- and middle-income settings. Sixty-nine empirical and conceptual articles were reviewed, of which, only five were empirical studies and eight were conceptual articles focusing on low- and middle-income settings. We conclude that support for sharing individual-level data is contingent on the development and implementation of international and local policies and processes to support ethical best practices. Further conceptual and empirical research is needed to ensure data sharing policies and processes in low- and middle-income settings are appropriately informed by stakeholders' perspectives.
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26
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Merson L, Phong TV, Nhan LNT, Dung NT, Ngan TTD, Kinh NV, Parker M, Bull S. Trust, Respect, and Reciprocity: Informing Culturally Appropriate Data-Sharing Practice in Vietnam. J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics 2015; 10:251-63. [PMID: 26297747 PMCID: PMC4692260 DOI: 10.1177/1556264615592387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
International science funders and publishers are driving a growing trend in data sharing. There is mounting pressure on researchers in low- and middle-income settings to conform to new sharing policies, despite minimal empirically grounded accounts of the ethical challenges of implementing the policies in these settings. This study used in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 48 stakeholders in Vietnam to explore the experiences, attitudes, and expectations that inform ethical and effective approaches to sharing clinical research data. Distinct views on the role of trust, respect, and reciprocity were among those that emerged to inform culturally appropriate best practices. We conclude by discussing the challenges that authors of data-sharing policies should consider in this unique context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Merson
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tran Viet Phong
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Bull S, Cheah PY, Denny S, Jao I, Marsh V, Merson L, Shah More N, Nhan LNT, Osrin D, Tangseefa D, Wassenaar D, Parker M. Best Practices for Ethical Sharing of Individual-Level Health Research Data From Low- and Middle-Income Settings. J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics 2015; 10:302-13. [PMID: 26297751 PMCID: PMC4547207 DOI: 10.1177/1556264615594606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sharing individual-level data from clinical and public health research is increasingly being seen as a core requirement for effective and efficient biomedical research. This article discusses the results of a systematic review and multisite qualitative study of key stakeholders' perspectives on best practices in ethical data sharing in low- and middle-income settings. Our research suggests that for data sharing to be effective and sustainable, multiple social and ethical requirements need to be met. An effective model of data sharing will be one in which considered judgments will need to be made about how best to achieve scientific progress, minimize risks of harm, promote fairness and reciprocity, and build and sustain trust.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Spencer Denny
- University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Irene Jao
- KEMRI Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Vicki Marsh
- University of Oxford, UK KEMRI Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Laura Merson
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Neena Shah More
- Society for Nutrition, Education and Health Action, Mumbai, India
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