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Vincent R, Kamuya D, Adhikari B, Nyirenda D, Lavery JV, Molyneux S. Community engagement and the centrality of 'working relationships' in health research. BMJ Glob Health 2024; 9:e015350. [PMID: 38663905 PMCID: PMC11043685 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2024-015350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Vincent
- Robin Vincent Learning and Evaluation LTD, Leeds, UK
| | - Dorcas Kamuya
- Health Systems and Research Ethics, Kemri-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bipin Adhikari
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand
| | - Deborah Nyirenda
- Community Engagement & Bioethics, Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | | | - Sassy Molyneux
- Health Systems and Research Ethics, Kemri-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya
- Health Systems and Research Ethics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
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Awad AK, Rais MA, Ahmed A. The beat heard around the world: Making the case for global cardiac surgery. J Card Surg 2022; 37:3958-3960. [PMID: 36069154 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.16919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed K Awad
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Rais
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Algiers, Alger Ctre, Algeria
| | - Adham Ahmed
- City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Bargul JL, Mkwashapi DM, Namagembe I, Nakityo I, Nakimuli A, Byamugisha J, Semakula D, Seeley J, Sewankambo NK. Case studies from the experience of early career researchers in East Africa in building community engagement in research. AAS Open Res 2022; 5:13. [PMID: 38323169 PMCID: PMC10541536 DOI: 10.12688/aasopenres.13349.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: In this paper, we explain how three early career researchers actively engaged community members in their health research projects in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda, and what was learnt from the experience. The research project in Kenya was on camel trypanosomiasis and the role of camel biting keds (or louse flies) in disease transmission. The project in Tanzania looked at the effect of human immunodeficiency virus and antiretroviral therapy on fertility and ascertained the trends in the use of family planning services amongst women of reproductive age. The focus of the project in Uganda was the implementation of maternal death surveillance and the response policy to determine the cause of maternal deaths and how they might be prevented. Methods: In the three different settings, efforts to ensure local community engagement provided a focus for the researchers to hone their skills in explaining research concepts and working in partnership with community members to co-develop ideas, their research methods and outputs. Results: Involvement of communities in scientific research, which entailed a two-way mutual engagement process, led to (i) generation of new research ideas that shaped the work, (ii) strengthened mutual trust, and (iii) promoted uptake of research findings. Conclusion: Our key findings strongly support the need for considering community engagement as one of the key components in research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel L. Bargul
- Animal Health Theme, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Nairobi, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Kenya
- THRiVE, c/o School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, P.O. Box 7072, Uganda
| | - Denna M. Mkwashapi
- THRiVE, c/o School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, P.O. Box 7072, Uganda
- National Institutes for Medical Research, Mwanza, P.O. Box 1462, Tanzania
| | - Imelda Namagembe
- THRiVE, c/o School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, P.O. Box 7072, Uganda
- School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, P.O. Box 7072, Uganda
- Mulago Specialized Women and Neonatal Hospital (MSWNH), Kampala, P.O Box 7272, Uganda
| | - Immaculate Nakityo
- THRiVE, c/o School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, P.O. Box 7072, Uganda
- School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, P.O. Box 7072, Uganda
| | - Annettee Nakimuli
- School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, P.O. Box 7072, Uganda
| | - Josaphat Byamugisha
- School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, P.O. Box 7072, Uganda
| | - Daniel Semakula
- THRiVE, c/o School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, P.O. Box 7072, Uganda
- School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, P.O. Box 7072, Uganda
| | - Janet Seeley
- THRiVE, c/o School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, P.O. Box 7072, Uganda
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - Nelson K. Sewankambo
- THRiVE, c/o School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, P.O. Box 7072, Uganda
- School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, P.O. Box 7072, Uganda
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Vincent R, Adhikari B, Duddy C, Richardson E, Wong G, Lavery J, Molyneux S. 'Working relationships' across difference - a realist review of community engagement with malaria research. Wellcome Open Res 2022; 7:13. [PMID: 37621950 PMCID: PMC10444998 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17192.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Community engagement (CE) is increasingly accepted as a critical aspect of health research, because of its potential to make research more ethical, relevant and well implemented. While CE activities linked to health research have proliferated in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs), and are increasingly described in published literature, there is a lack of conceptual clarity around how engagement is understood to 'work', and the aims and purposes of engagement are varied and often not made explicit. Ultimately, the evidence base for engagement remains underdeveloped. Methods: To develop explanations for how and why CE with health research contributes to the pattern of outcomes observed in published literature , we conducted a realist review of CE with malaria research - a theory driven approach to evidence synthesis. Results: We found that community engagement relies on the development of provisional 'working relationships' across differences, primarily of wealth, power and culture. These relationships are rooted in interactions that are experienced as relatively responsive and respectful, and that bring tangible research related benefits. Contextual factors affecting development of working relationships include the facilitating influence of research organisation commitment to and resources for engagement, and constraining factors linked to the prevailing 'dominant health research paradigm context', such as: differences of wealth and power between research centres and local populations and health systems; histories of colonialism and vertical health interventions; and external funding and control of health research. Conclusions: The development of working relationships contributes to greater acceptance and participation in research by local stakeholders, who are particularly interested in research related access to health care and other benefits. At the same time, such relationships may involve an accommodation of some ethically problematic characteristics of the dominant health research paradigm, and thereby reproduce this paradigm rather than challenge it with a different logic of collaborative partnership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Vincent
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LG, UK
- Robin Vincent Learning and Evaluation Ltd, Sheffield, S89FH, UK
| | - Bipin Adhikari
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LG, UK
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Claire Duddy
- Nuffield Department of Primary Health Care Services, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Emma Richardson
- Health Research, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Geoff Wong
- Nuffield Department of Primary Health Care Services, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - James Lavery
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, USA
- Center for Ethics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, USA
| | - Sassy Molyneux
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LG, UK
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Wellcome Trust Research Programme, University of Oxford, Kilifi, 80108, Kenya
| | - The REAL team: Mary Chambers, Phaik Yeong Cheah, Al Davies, Kate Gooding, Dorcas Kamuya, Vicki Marsh, Noni Mumba, Deborah Nyirenda, and Paulina Tindana.
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LG, UK
- Robin Vincent Learning and Evaluation Ltd, Sheffield, S89FH, UK
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Nuffield Department of Primary Health Care Services, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
- Health Research, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, USA
- Center for Ethics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, USA
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Wellcome Trust Research Programme, University of Oxford, Kilifi, 80108, Kenya
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Greenhalgh T, Hinton L, Finlay T, Macfarlane A, Fahy N, Clyde B, Chant A. Frameworks for supporting patient and public involvement in research: Systematic review and co-design pilot. Health Expect 2019; 22:785-801. [PMID: 31012259 PMCID: PMC6737756 DOI: 10.1111/hex.12888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous frameworks for supporting, evaluating and reporting patient and public involvement in research exist. The literature is diverse and theoretically heterogeneous. Objectives To identify and synthesize published frameworks, consider whether and how these have been used, and apply design principles to improve usability. Search strategy Keyword search of six databases; hand search of eight journals; ancestry and snowball search; requests to experts. Inclusion criteria Published, systematic approaches (frameworks) designed to support, evaluate or report on patient or public involvement in health‐related research. Data extraction and synthesis Data were extracted on provenance; collaborators and sponsors; theoretical basis; lay input; intended user(s) and use(s); topics covered; examples of use; critiques; and updates. We used the Canadian Centre for Excellence on Partnerships with Patients and Public (CEPPP) evaluation tool and hermeneutic methodology to grade and synthesize the frameworks. In five co‐design workshops, we tested evidence‐based resources based on the review findings. Results Our final data set consisted of 65 frameworks, most of which scored highly on the CEPPP tool. They had different provenances, intended purposes, strengths and limitations. We grouped them into five categories: power‐focused; priority‐setting; study‐focused; report‐focused; and partnership‐focused. Frameworks were used mainly by the groups who developed them. The empirical component of our study generated a structured format and evidence‐based facilitator notes for a “build your own framework” co‐design workshop. Conclusion The plethora of frameworks combined with evidence of limited transferability suggests that a single, off‐the‐shelf framework may be less useful than a menu of evidence‐based resources which stakeholders can use to co‐design their own frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha Greenhalgh
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lisa Hinton
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Teresa Finlay
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Nick Fahy
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ben Clyde
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alan Chant
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Kutywayo A, Yah CS, Naidoo NP, Malotana M, Dyani S, Mullick S. Implementing the Good Participatory Practice Guidelines in the Girls Achieve Power Trial in South Africa. SAGE OPEN 2018; 8:1-12. [PMID: 32983597 PMCID: PMC7473095 DOI: 10.1177/2158244018809149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Good Participatory Practice (GPP) guidelines provide a framework for stakeholder engagement within clinical trials, to ensure a study's acceptability, feasibility, and improving the overall research quality; however, they have rarely been applied beyond this setting, and no literature exists on its application in adolescent research. A review of the 2011 GPP guidelines was undertaken to identify which 16 GPP topic areas could be applied and adapted for implementing an ecological asset building intervention, that is, the Girls Achieve Power (GAP Year) cluster randomized controlled trial for reducing school dropout and increasing reporting of gender-based violence in Gauteng and Western Cape province in South Africa. The 16 GPP topic areas were adapted and implemented to guide stakeholder engagement for GAP Year. We show the usability and adaptability of the GPP framework for guiding stakeholder engagement in non-clinical trials like GAP Year; however it requires adapting to respond to the unique needs of the beneficiaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kutywayo
- Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - C S Yah
- Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - N P Naidoo
- Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - M Malotana
- Grassroot Soccer, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S Dyani
- Sonke Gender Justice, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - S Mullick
- Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Newman PA, Slack CM, Lindegger G. Commentary on “A Framework for Community and Stakeholder Engagement: Experiences From a Multicenter Study in Southern Africa”. J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics 2018; 13:333-337. [DOI: 10.1177/1556264618783560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Community and stakeholder engagement (CSE) is increasingly acknowledged as foundational to global health research. This commentary builds on the multisite framework for CSE described in an eco-health study conducted in Southern Africa. We acknowledge the context-specific nature of some of the challenges for CSE and draw attention to significant issues and concerns that arose from our studies of CSE in the context of multisite HIV prevention trials in South Africa, India, and Canada: (a) Pretrial—historically based mistrust, identification of appropriate gatekeepers, and considering the breadth of community; (b) Trial implementation—impact of early trial cessations, appropriate community roles and responsibilities, and multifaceted stigma; and (c) Posttrial—supporting and sustaining CSE mechanisms independent of particular trials. Many of these challenges are exacerbated by widespread disparities in wealth and power between trial sponsors and participating communities, further supporting the central importance of sound CSE practices and infrastructures to advance ethical biomedical and public health research.
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