1
|
Guo H, Lin L, Jia Z, Sun J, Zhuang Z, Duan L, Sun J. Validation of reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the active-empathic listening scale. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:938461. [PMID: 36081459 PMCID: PMC9445210 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.938461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Active-empathic listening (AEL) is the active and emotional involvement of a listener that can take place in at least three key stages of the listening process. Bodie has developed and validated a self-reported, 11-item, three-factor active-empathic listening scale (AELS) in English with good reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.86) to assess AEL abilities. Nevertheless, a Chinese version of the AELS had not been established and validated yet. Objective The objective of the present study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the AELS. Methods After translating the scale into the Chinese version, 834 college students completed the test. After 4 weeks, 206 participants were tested again on the Chinese AELS to examine retest reliability. The critical ratio method and the item-total correlations were used for the item analysis. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed to examine the construct validity. The internal consistency of the scale was analyzed with Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's Omega. Interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to examine the scale's retest reliability. The Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) was used to examine the convergent validity. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted. Results Each item of the Chinese AELS had a good discrimination, and the item-total correlation of each item ranged from 0.51 to 0.73. EFA extracted three factors with characteristic root values greater than 1, which could explain 70.72% of the total variance. CFA indicated an adequate fit of the three-factor model (χ2/df = 2.250, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.055, the comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.971, the Tucker-Lewis index [TLI] = 0.959, and the goodness of fit index [GFI] = 0.959). The internal consistency reliability was acceptable (sensing: α = 0.79/ω = 0.78, processing: α = 0.83/ω = 0.83, responding: α = 0.79/ω = 0.79, and AELS: α = 0.87/ω = 0.87). Retest reliability of the scale at 4-week intervals by an ICC was 0.563. The Chinese AELS was significantly correlated with each dimension of IRI. Conclusion The reliability and validity of the Chinese AELS met the basic psychometrics requirements. Therefore, the scale can be potentially used to assess the active empathic listening abilities of people in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Guo
- Postgraduate Group, Logistics University of People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Lemin Lin
- Postgraduate Group, Logistics University of People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziming Jia
- The Health Team of the Fifth Mobile Detachment of the First Mobile Corps of the Armed Police Force, Dingzhou, China
| | - Jiaying Sun
- College of Field Engineering, Army Engineering University of People’s Liberation Army of China, Nanjing, China
| | - Zisen Zhuang
- Department of Psychology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lisa Duan
- Institute for Military Psychological Efficacy Evaluation and Stress Intervention, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiangnan Sun
- Department of Psychology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute for Military Psychological Efficacy Evaluation and Stress Intervention, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yaklin S, Kim M, Hecht J. African American men who become mental health advocates. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2022; 68:981-990. [PMID: 33951952 DOI: 10.1177/00207640211012736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Using a narrative approach, this study explored how African American men became mental health advocates. This ancillary study is part of a formative within an ongoing community based intervention program that was designed to promote mental health of African Americans (AMEN) project within an ongoing community based intervention program that was designed to promote mental health of African Americans (AMEN) project. Narrative research techniques were used to analyze and synthesize the data. Analysis generated one major theme (interdependence) with four supporting sub-themes (credibility, social depression, stigma, and calling). These findings and insights through this qualitative study guided the AMEN project team to formulate effective communication strategies in establishing working relationships with community partners and wider stakeholders as well as crafting culturally tailored messages for African American participants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Yaklin
- School of Nursing, University of Texas at Austin, USA
| | - Miyong Kim
- School of Nursing, University of Texas at Austin, USA
| | - Jacklyn Hecht
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research in Self-Management Science, School of Nursing, University of Texas at Austin, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Self-Harm and Suicidality in US College Students: Associations with Emotional Exhaustion versus Multiple Psychiatric Symptoms. J Affect Disord 2021; 280:345-353. [PMID: 33221721 PMCID: PMC7799391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed at describing self-harm and suicidality (SHS) in relation to unobserved heterogeneous groups of college students based on their psychiatric symptoms. SHS of each latent class were examined by race/ethnicity to inform risk factors relevant to subgroups of U.S. college population. METHODS The participants (N = 42,779) were drawn from the Spring 2017 American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment II (ACHA-NCHA II) Reference Group. Latent class analysis (LCA) was conducted based on participants' reports of past-year psychiatric symptoms. The reported SHS were examined by the latent class of students and their race/ethnicity. RESULTS LCA identified two latent classes: The Emotional Exhaustion (EE) class and the Multiple Psychiatric Symptoms (MPS) class. Within the EE class, Black students were at the greatest risk for exhibiting suicide intent and attempted suicide. Within the MPS class, Multiracial students showed the highest odds of self-harm and suicidal intent, and Black students showed the highest odds of attempted suicide, followed by Asians/Pacific Islanders. LIMITATIONS The findings were based on a cross-sectional dataset that did not inform the temporal relations of psychiatric symptoms and SHS. CONCLUSIONS Utilizing a person-centered latent class analysis, this study revealed that Black students were of the greatest concern for SHS among those who reported only common symptoms of emotional exhaustion. The findings highlight the importance of developing preventive and remedial models that address unique risk factors and mental health needs for various subgroups of U.S. college population.
Collapse
|
4
|
Reed DD, Adams R. A Social-Ecological Perspective of Spiritual Resilience and Suicidality among African-American Men. SOCIAL WORK IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 35:710-721. [PMID: 33104459 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2020.1824845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite their minoritized status research has shown that suicide among African-American men has steadily increased. Research has also discussed generalized protective factors that have been found to mitigate suicide risk. What lacks is a more culturally nuanced definition of spiritual resilience which has been found to protect against suicide for African-American men. Using Socio-Ecological Resiliency Theory (S-ERT), The Theory of Intersectionality (TOI), and Critical Race Theory (CRT) as our theoretical lens, this article draws on the lived experiences of social workers working with suicidal African-American men. It examines the social ecologies of African-American men and seeks to understand how these experiences can help to mitigate suicide risk. Implications are provided for social work research, policy and education programs to ensure that practitioners are well versed in working with this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darius D Reed
- Department of Social Work, Indiana Wesleyan University , Marion, Ohio, USA
- School of Social Work, Walden University , Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Raymond Adams
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Southern Arkansas University , Magnolia, Arkansas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huang R, Ghose B, Tang S. Effect of financial stress on self-rereported health and quality of life among older adults in five developing countries: a cross sectional analysis of WHO-SAGE survey. BMC Geriatr 2020; 20:288. [PMID: 32787806 PMCID: PMC7425413 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-01687-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In developing countries, older adults (65 years of age and above) share an increased vulnerability to catastrophic health expenditures and financial stress which can have significant bearing on their health and well-being. Currently, research evidence on how financial stress correlates with health and well-being among older adults in the developing countries is limited. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to assess the relationship between financial stress and subjective 1) health, 2) depression, 3) quality of life, and 4) life satisfaction among older adults in five developing countries. METHODS Data used in this study were cross-sectional which were collected from the first wave of Study on Global AGEing and Health (SAGE) survey of World Health Organization. Sample population were 12,299 community dwelling men and women in China (n = 4548), Ghana (n = 1968), India (n = 2441), South Africa (n = 1924), and Russia (n = 1418). Using generalized linear models with logit links, we assessed the correlation between self-reported financial stress and income inequality with the four outcome measures by adjusting for various sociodemographic factors. RESULTS Overall, the prevalence of good self-reported health, quality of life and positive life-satisfaction was 47.11, 79.25 and 44.40% respectively, while 20.13% of the participants reported having depression during past 12 months. Only about a fifth (18.67%) of the participants reported having enough money to meet daily their necessities completely, while more than quarter (28.45%) were in the lowest income quintile. With a few exceptions, the odds of reporting good self-reported health, quality of life, and life satisfaction were generally lower among those with varying degrees of financial stress, and larger among those in the higher income quintiles. Conversely, the likelihood of self-reported depression was significantly higher among those with any level of financial stress, and lower among those in the higher income quintiles. CONCLUSION This study concludes that both subjectively and objectively measured financial stress are inversely associated with good self-reported health, quality of life, life satisfaction, and positively associated with self-reported depression among older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Bishwajit Ghose
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Shangfeng Tang
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cobb S, Javanbakht A, Khalifeh Soltani E, Bazargan M, Assari S. Racial Difference in the Relationship Between Health and Happiness in the United States. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2020; 13:481-490. [PMID: 32547270 PMCID: PMC7259486 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s248633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although health is a prerequisite for happiness, the salience of health for maintaining happiness may be diminished for Blacks when compared to Whites, a phenomenon which can be explained by the Black-White mental health paradox and minorities’ diminished returns. Aim To understand if Black and White adult Americans differ in the effects of self-rated health (SRH) on happiness. Methods This cross-sectional study used data from the General Social Survey (GSS; 1972–2018), a nationally representative survey in the US. Our analytical sample included 42,201 Black and White adults. The independent variable was SRH. Happiness was the dependent variable. Sociodemographic factors were covariates. Race was the moderator. Logistic regression was used to analyze the data without and with interaction terms between race and SRH. Results Overall, good SRH was positively associated with happiness, however, there was a significant interaction between race/ethnicity and good SRH on the outcome (i.e. happiness) . This finding suggested that the boosting effect of good SRH on happiness is weaker for Black than White people. Conclusion In the United States, due to a weaker concordance between good health and happiness, Blacks who have poor SRH are more likely to report happiness. At the same time, Whites who are healthy report happiness, however, Blacks who are healthy do not necessarily report happiness. Disjointed link between health and happiness may be due to different racial, ethnic, and cultural perceptions of physical health and happiness as well as salience of physical health as a component of happiness. This may be an adaptive response of Blacks to sociopolitical as well as health-related adversities over centuries as a result of the combination of oppression, injustice, and poverty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Cobb
- School of Nursing, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arash Javanbakht
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Mohsen Bazargan
- Department of Family Medicine, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Family Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shervin Assari
- Department of Family Medicine, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Routine Depression Screenings for Advanced Cancer Patients: Reducing Disparities, Identifying Depression, and Improving Quality of Life. J Hosp Palliat Nurs 2019; 22:12-16. [PMID: 31851036 DOI: 10.1097/njh.0000000000000618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Advanced cancer patients are at an increased risk of developing depressive symptoms, which can lead to major depressive disorder and a poor quality of life. It is important that symptoms of depression to be addressed early and frequently throughout the trajectory of the disease process. Depression is underdiagnosed and therefore undertreated in advanced cancer patients. Clinicians often fail to perform regular depression screenings as recommended by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Depressive symptoms are overlooked as they tend to overlap with the effects of disease progression and cancer treatments. Patients' complaints of anorexia, chronic pain, and sleep disturbances do not necessarily trigger practitioners to perform depression screenings. African Americans with advanced cancer are at a higher risk of developing depression, but may not identify as depressed due to the stigma of mental health in the black community. Screening tools such as the 2- and 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory II, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Distress Thermometer and Problem List are common brief instruments that can screen for depression. Providing early symptom relief of depressive symptoms through psychotherapy and pharmacologic interventions will benefit the patient, family, and caregivers while improving the quality of life throughout the trajectory of the illness.
Collapse
|
8
|
Hill CV. At the Intersection of Rigor and Equity: Health Disparities Research Related to Aging. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2019; 5:2333721419857858. [PMID: 31321254 PMCID: PMC6610397 DOI: 10.1177/2333721419857858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging in the United States will be defined by differences in health and longevity among
populations. Diversity among the aged population is expected to increase. While
investigators must contend with generalizability to enhance rigor, biomedical research
holds great promise in exploring determinants of health for populations groups. Biomedical
research explores the impact of various determinants on health and longevity. Health
disparities research related to aging serves as an important scientific approach for
researchers to maintain clarity in generalizability, with a focus on a breadth of
determinants in multiple levels of analysis. Moreover, health disparities research related
to aging holds the biomedical research enterprise accountable to principles of equity for
understanding and addresing the health and aging of disproportionately affected population
groups in society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl V Hill
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mitchell JA, Johnson-Lawrence V, Williams EDG, Thorpe R. Characterizing Mobility Limitations Among Older African American Men. J Natl Med Assoc 2018; 110:190-196. [PMID: 29580454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study represents an effort to contribute to the limited body of research on biopsychosocial contextual factors that influence or contribute to mobility limitations for older African American men. Specifically, we were interested in examining associations between socio-demographic, physical and emotional health experiences with mobility limitations. A secondary analysis of 1666 older African American men was performed to investigate socio-demographic, mental and physical health correlates to a specific measures of mobility limitation. In the final model, difficulty with self-care, severe pain interference, and problems with usual activities were most strongly associated with mobility limitations. Men who were married were significantly less likely to experience mobility limitations. Findings highlighted the relationship between mobility limitations and difficulty performing activities of daily living. Additional research should examine the impact of poor emotional health and the buffering effects of marriage on mobility for older African American men, a population at high risk of experiencing disparate health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A Mitchell
- School of Social Work, The University of Michigan, 3847 SSWB, 1080 S. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1106, USA
| | - Vicki Johnson-Lawrence
- Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Michigan-Flint, 3124 William S White Bldg, 303 E Kearsley St, Flint, MI 48502, USA; Michigan State University College of Human Medicine-Flint Campus, 200 E 1st St, Flint, MI 48502, USA
| | - Ed-Dee G Williams
- Social Work and Sociology, University of Michigan, 3253 LSA Building, 500 S. State Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1106, USA.
| | - Roland Thorpe
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, Ste 708, Baltimore, MD 21205-1999, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mitchell JA, Cadet T, Burke S, Williams ED, Alvarez D. The Paradoxical Impact of Companionship on the Mental Health of Older African American Men. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2018; 73:230-239. [PMID: 28977531 PMCID: PMC5927098 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbx089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives African Americans comprise 9% of the 46 million U.S. adults over age 65. Two thirds of older African American men (AAM) reside with companions. This study investigated the assumption that frequent contact with companions confers mainly health-related benefits for AAM. Methods Utilizing secondary data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center, the relationship between older AAM's mental health and related conditions (depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances), companion living arrangements, and frequency of contact with the participants for 3,423 older AAM and their 1,161 companions, was examined. Results The mean age of participants and companions was 74 years and 90% of AAM lived in a private residence. Logistic regression models indicated that an increased risk for anxiety was found when companions lived in (OR = 1.66), called daily (OR = 1.089), or visited daily (OR = 1.079). Finally, AAM had an increased likelihood of nonmedical sleep disturbances when companions lived in (OR = 1.67), called daily (1.105), or visited daily (1.078). Discussion The frequency of contact with companions may be consequential for select mental health outcomes and associated physiological conditions for older AAM; the timing of contact requires further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamara Cadet
- Simmons College School of Social Work, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shanna Burke
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami
| | | | - Daniel Alvarez
- Florida International University, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Miami
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hudson DL, Eaton J, Banks A, Sewell W, Neighbors H. "Down in the Sewers": Perceptions of Depression and Depression Care Among African American Men. Am J Mens Health 2018; 12:126-137. [PMID: 27329141 PMCID: PMC5734547 DOI: 10.1177/1557988316654864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is one of the most common, costly, and debilitating psychiatric disorders in the United States. One of the most persistent mental health disparities is the underutilization of treatment services among African American men with depression. Little is known about appropriateness or acceptability of depression care among African American men. The purpose of this study was to examine perceptions of depression and determine barriers to depression treatment among African American men. A series of four focus groups were conducted with 26 African American men. The average age of the sample was 41 years and most participants reported that they had completed high school. Nearly half of the participants reported that they are currently unemployed and most had never been married. The most common descriptions of depression in this study were defining depression as feeling down, stressed, and isolated. A small group of participants expressed disbelief of depression. The majority of participants recognized the need to identify depression and were supportive of depression treatment. Nonetheless, most men in this sample had never sought treatment for depression and discussed a number of barriers to depression care including norms of masculinity, mistrust of the health care system, and affordability of treatment. Men also voiced their desire to discuss stress in nonjudgmental support groups. Research findings highlight the need to increase the awareness of symptoms some African American men display and the need to provide appropriate depression treatment options to African American men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jake Eaton
- Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrae Banks
- Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Whitney Sewell
- Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mier N, Ory MG, Towne SD, Smith ML. Relative Association of Multi-Level Supportive Environments on Poor Health among Older Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14040387. [PMID: 28383513 PMCID: PMC5409588 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14040387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: The aging of the United States population poses significant challenges to American healthcare and informal caregiving systems. Additional research is needed to understand how health promotion programs and policies based on a socio-ecological perspective impact the health and well-being of older persons. The purpose of this study was to investigate personal characteristics and supportive environments associated with poor health among older individuals aged 65 and over. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design and was guided by a conceptual framework developed by the authors to depict the relationship between personal characteristics and environments associated with poor health status. Environment types included in this study were family, home, financial, neighborhood, and healthcare. The sample was comprised of 1319 adults aged 65 years and older residing in Central Texas. From a random selection of households, participants were administered a mail-based survey created by a community collaborative effort. Descriptive statistics and three binary logistic regression models were fitted to examine associations with poor health status (i.e., physical, mental, and combined physical/mental). Results: Two personal characteristics (number of chronic conditions and educational level) were consistently related (p < 0.05) to health outcomes. Supportive family, home, financial, neighborhood, and health care environmental factors were shown to be related (p < 0.05) to various aspects of physical or mental health outcomes. Conclusions: Multidimensional factors including personal characteristics and protective environments are related to health status among older individuals. The unique roles of each environment can help inform public health interventions to create and enhance support for older adults to engage in healthful activities and improve their physical and mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nelda Mier
- Department of Public Health Studies, Texas A&M School of Public Health, McAllen Campus, McAllen, TX 78503, USA.
| | - Marcia G Ory
- Department of Health Promotion and Community Health Sciences, Texas A&M School of Public Health, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Samuel D Towne
- Department of Health Promotion and Community Health Sciences, Texas A&M School of Public Health, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Matthew Lee Smith
- Department of Health Promotion and Community Health Sciences, Texas A&M School of Public Health, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
- Institute of Gerontology, Department of Health Promotion and Behavior, College of Public Health, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wharton T, Watkins DC, Mitchell J, Kales H. Older, Church-Going African Americans' Attitudes and Expectations About Formal Depression Care. Res Aging 2016; 40:3-26. [PMID: 27784820 DOI: 10.1177/0164027516675666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This phenomenological study involved focus groups with church-affiliated, African American women and men ( N = 50; ages 50 and older) in southeast Michigan to determine their attitudes and expectations around formal mental health care. Data analysis employed a constant comparative approach and yielded themes related to formal mental health care, along with delineating concerns about defining depression, health, and well-being. Health and well-being were defined as inclusive of physical and spiritual aspects of self. Churches have a central role in how formal mental health care is viewed by their attendees, with prayer being an important aspect of this care. Provider expectations included privacy and confidentiality; respect for autonomy and need for information, having providers who discuss treatment options; and issues related to environmental cleanliness, comfort, and accessibility. Implications include providing effective, culturally tailored formal depression care that acknowledges and integrates faith for this group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Helen Kales
- 2 University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|