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Mahar AL, Kurdyak P, Hanna TP, Coburn NG, Groome PA. The effect of a severe psychiatric illness on colorectal cancer treatment and survival: A population-based retrospective cohort study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235409. [PMID: 32726314 PMCID: PMC7390537 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify inequalities in cancer survival rates for patients with a history of severe psychiatric illness (SPI) compared to those with no history of mental illness and explore differences in the provision of recommended cancer treatment as a potential explanation. DESIGN Population-based retrospective cohort study using linked cancer registry and administrative data at ICES. SETTING The universal healthcare system in Ontario, Canada. PARTICIPANTS Colorectal cancer (CRC) patients diagnosed between April 1st, 2007 and December 31st, 2012. SPI history (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorders, other psychotic disorders, bipolar disorders or major depressive disorders) was determined using hospitalization, emergency department, and psychiatrist visit data and categorized as 'no history of mental illness, 'outpatient SPI history', and 'inpatient SPI history'. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cancer-specific survival, non-receipt of surgical resection, and non-receipt of adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation. RESULTS 24,507 CRC patients were included; 482 (2.0%) had an outpatient SPI history and 258 (1.0%) had an inpatient SPI history. Individuals with an SPI history had significantly lower survival rates and were significantly less likely to receive guideline recommended treatment than CRC patients with no history of mental illness. The adjusted HR for cancer-specific death was 1.69 times higher for individuals with an inpatient SPI (95% CI 1.36-2.09) and 1.24 times higher for individuals with an outpatient SPI history (95% CI 1.04-1.48). Stage II and III CRC patients with an inpatient SPI history were 2.15 times less likely (95% CI 1.07-4.33) to receive potentially curative surgical resection and 2.07 times less likely (95% CI 1.72-2.50) to receive adjuvant radiation or chemotherapy. These findings were consistent across multiple sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with an SPI history experience inequalities in colorectal cancer care and survival within a universal healthcare system. Increasing advocacy and the availability of resources to support individuals with an SPI within the cancer system are warranted to reduce the potential for unnecessary harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson L. Mahar
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Manitoba Centre for Health Policy University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Kurdyak
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy P. Hanna
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natalie G. Coburn
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patti A. Groome
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Davis LE, Bogner E, Coburn NG, Hanna TP, Kurdyak P, Groome PA, Mahar AL. Stage at diagnosis and survival in patients with cancer and a pre-existing mental illness: a meta-analysis. J Epidemiol Community Health 2019; 74:84-94. [PMID: 31653661 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2019-212311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Individuals with a pre-existing mental illness, especially those experiencing reduced social, occupational and functional capacity, are at risk for cancer care disparities. However, uncertainty surrounding the effect of a mental illness on cancer outcomes exists. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies using MEDLINE and PubMed from 1 January 2005 to 1 November 2018. Two reviewers evaluated citations for inclusion. Advanced stage was defined as regional, metastatic or according to a classification system. Cancer survival was defined as time survived from cancer diagnosis. Pooled ORs and HRs were presented. The Newcastle-Ottawa bias risk assessment scale was used. Random-effects models used the Mantel-Haenszel approach and the generic inverse variance method. Heterogeneity assessment was performed using I2. RESULTS 2381 citations were identified; 28 studies were included and 24 contributed to the meta-analysis. Many demonstrated methodological flaws, limiting interpretation and contributing to significant heterogeneity. Data source selection, definitions of a mental illness, outcomes and their measurement, and overadjustment for causal pathway variables influenced effect sizes. Pooled analyses suggested individuals with a pre-existing mental disorder have a higher odds of advanced stage cancer at diagnosis and are at risk of worse cancer survival. Individuals with more severe mental illness, such as schizophrenia, are at a greater risk for cancer disparities. DISCUSSION This review identified critical gaps in research investigating cancer stage at diagnosis and survival for individuals with pre-existing mental illness. High-quality research is necessary to support quality improvement for the care of psychiatric patients and their families during and following a cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Davis
- Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma Bogner
- Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natalie G Coburn
- Department of Surgery and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy P Hanna
- Division of Cancer Care & Epidemiology & Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Kurdyak
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health & Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patti A Groome
- Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology and Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alyson L Mahar
- Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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De Oliveira CCS, Pereira GRC, De Alcantara JYS, Antunes D, Caffarena ER, De Mesquita JF. In silico analysis of the V66M variant of human BDNF in psychiatric disorders: An approach to precision medicine. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215508. [PMID: 30998730 PMCID: PMC6472887 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in neurogenesis and synapse formation. The V66M is the most prevalent BDNF mutation in humans and impairs the function and distribution of BDNF. This mutation is related to several psychiatric disorders. The pro-region of BDNF, particularly position 66 and its adjacent residues, are determinant for the intracellular sorting and activity-dependent secretion of BDNF. However, it has not yet been fully elucidated. The present study aims to analyze the effects of the V66M mutation on BDNF structure and function. Here, we applied nine algorithms, including SIFT and PolyPhen-2, for functional and stability prediction of the V66M mutation. The complete theoretical model of BNDF was generated by Rosetta and validated by PROCHECK, RAMPAGE, ProSa, QMEAN and Verify-3D algorithms. Structural alignment was performed using TM-align. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using the ConSurf server. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed and analyzed using the GROMACS 2018.2 package. The V66M mutation was predicted as deleterious by PolyPhen-2 and SIFT in addition to being predicted as destabilizing by I-Mutant. According to SNPeffect, the V66M mutation does not affect protein aggregation, amyloid propensity, and chaperone binding. The complete theoretical structure of BDNF proved to be a reliable model. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the V66M mutation of BDNF occurs at a non-conserved position of the protein. MD analyses indicated that the V66M mutation does not affect the BDNF flexibility and surface-to-volume ratio, but affects the BDNF essential motions, hydrogen-bonding and secondary structure particularly at its pre and pro-domain, which are crucial for its activity and distribution. Thus, considering that these parameters are determinant for protein interactions and, consequently, protein function; the alterations observed throughout the MD analyses may be related to the functional impairment of BDNF upon V66M mutation, as well as its involvement in psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Carolina Silva De Oliveira
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Rodrigues Coutinho Pereira
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jamile Yvis Santos De Alcantara
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Deborah Antunes
- Computational Biophysics and Molecular Modeling Group, Scientific Computing Program (PROCC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ernesto Raul Caffarena
- Computational Biophysics and Molecular Modeling Group, Scientific Computing Program (PROCC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Joelma Freire De Mesquita
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Pompe RS, Krüger A, Preisser F, Karakiewicz PI, Michl U, Graefen M, Huland H, Tilki D. The Impact of Anxiety and Depression on Surgical and Functional Outcomes in Patients Who Underwent Radical Prostatectomy. Eur Urol Focus 2018; 6:1199-1204. [PMID: 30606686 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety are associated with worse surgical outcomes and higher complication rates among various types of general or orthopedic surgeries. OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of depression and anxiety on surgical, oncological, and functional outcomes in radical prostatectomy (RP) patients. DATA, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Retrospective analysis of 5862 RP patients (2014-2016). INTERVENTION RP. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Baseline depression and anxiety were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) and categorized into 0-2 (normal), 3-5 (mild), and ≥6 (moderate to severe) points. Surgical outcomes included length of hospital stay (LOS), blood loss, and complications (Clavien-Dindo grading). Functional outcomes included urinary incontinence (UI) and erectile dysfunction (ED). Oncological outcomes focused on biochemical recurrence (BCR). Kaplan-Meier plots, multivariable logistic analyses, and Cox regression analyses were used. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Overall, 28% patients had abnormal PHQ-4 scores and 8% a score ≥6 points. Higher PHQ-4 was significantly associated with worse surgical outcomes (longer LOS and higher complication rates) and higher risk for UI. No statistically significant difference was found for ED. However, we observed a higher use of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors and intracavernous injection therapies among men with PHQ-4 score of ≥3. BCR was not affected by PHQ-4. The main limitations are the retrospective design as well as the lack of information on concomitant medications or follow-up PHQ-4 scores. CONCLUSIONS Higher PHQ-4 scores are significantly associated with worse surgical outcomes and higher risk for UI. Our study highlights the importance of preoperative depression and anxiety assessment to optimize quality of life and to reduce health-related costs. PATIENT SUMMARY Patients with preoperative depression or anxiety are at higher risk for postoperative complications and urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raisa S Pompe
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montreal Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Urology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Krüger
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix Preisser
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montreal Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierre I Karakiewicz
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montreal Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Uwe Michl
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hartwig Huland
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Derya Tilki
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Urology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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Manderbacka K, Arffman M, Suvisaari J, Ahlgren-Rimpiläinen A, Lumme S, Keskimäki I, Pukkala E. Effect of stage, comorbidities and treatment on survival among cancer patients with or without mental illness. Br J Psychiatry 2017; 211:304-309. [PMID: 28935659 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.117.198952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundEarlier research suggests poorer outcome of cancer care among people with severe mental illness (SMI).AimsTo assess the effect of stage at presentation, comorbidities and treatment on differences in survival among cancer patients with and without a history of SMI in Finland.MethodThe total population with a first cancer diagnosis in 1990-2013 was drawn from the Finnish Cancer Registry. Hospital admissions because of SMI and deaths were obtained from administrative registers. We calculated Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox regression models to examine survival differences.ResultsWe found excess mortality in people with a history of psychotic and substance use disorders. Cancer stage and comorbidity did not explain mortality differences. Controlling for cancer treatment decreased the differences. The mortality gap between patients with psychosis and cancer patients without SMI increased over time.ConclusionsIntegrated medical and psychiatric care is needed to improve outcomes of cancer care among patients with SMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiina Manderbacka
- Kristiina Manderbacka, PhD, Martti Arffmar, MSc, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health and Social Systems Research, Helsinki, Finland; Jaana Suvisaari, PhD, Aulikki Ahlgren-Rimpiläinen, PhD, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Mental Health, Helsinki, Finland; Sonja Lumme MSc, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health and Social Systems Research, Helsinki, Finland; Ilmo Keskimäki, PhD, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health and Social Systems Research, Helsinki, Finland and Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland; Eero Pukkala, PhD, Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, and Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland
| | - Martti Arffman
- Kristiina Manderbacka, PhD, Martti Arffmar, MSc, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health and Social Systems Research, Helsinki, Finland; Jaana Suvisaari, PhD, Aulikki Ahlgren-Rimpiläinen, PhD, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Mental Health, Helsinki, Finland; Sonja Lumme MSc, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health and Social Systems Research, Helsinki, Finland; Ilmo Keskimäki, PhD, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health and Social Systems Research, Helsinki, Finland and Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland; Eero Pukkala, PhD, Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, and Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland
| | - Jaana Suvisaari
- Kristiina Manderbacka, PhD, Martti Arffmar, MSc, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health and Social Systems Research, Helsinki, Finland; Jaana Suvisaari, PhD, Aulikki Ahlgren-Rimpiläinen, PhD, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Mental Health, Helsinki, Finland; Sonja Lumme MSc, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health and Social Systems Research, Helsinki, Finland; Ilmo Keskimäki, PhD, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health and Social Systems Research, Helsinki, Finland and Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland; Eero Pukkala, PhD, Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, and Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland
| | - Aulikki Ahlgren-Rimpiläinen
- Kristiina Manderbacka, PhD, Martti Arffmar, MSc, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health and Social Systems Research, Helsinki, Finland; Jaana Suvisaari, PhD, Aulikki Ahlgren-Rimpiläinen, PhD, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Mental Health, Helsinki, Finland; Sonja Lumme MSc, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health and Social Systems Research, Helsinki, Finland; Ilmo Keskimäki, PhD, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health and Social Systems Research, Helsinki, Finland and Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland; Eero Pukkala, PhD, Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, and Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland
| | - Sonja Lumme
- Kristiina Manderbacka, PhD, Martti Arffmar, MSc, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health and Social Systems Research, Helsinki, Finland; Jaana Suvisaari, PhD, Aulikki Ahlgren-Rimpiläinen, PhD, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Mental Health, Helsinki, Finland; Sonja Lumme MSc, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health and Social Systems Research, Helsinki, Finland; Ilmo Keskimäki, PhD, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health and Social Systems Research, Helsinki, Finland and Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland; Eero Pukkala, PhD, Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, and Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilmo Keskimäki
- Kristiina Manderbacka, PhD, Martti Arffmar, MSc, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health and Social Systems Research, Helsinki, Finland; Jaana Suvisaari, PhD, Aulikki Ahlgren-Rimpiläinen, PhD, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Mental Health, Helsinki, Finland; Sonja Lumme MSc, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health and Social Systems Research, Helsinki, Finland; Ilmo Keskimäki, PhD, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health and Social Systems Research, Helsinki, Finland and Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland; Eero Pukkala, PhD, Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, and Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland
| | - Eero Pukkala
- Kristiina Manderbacka, PhD, Martti Arffmar, MSc, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health and Social Systems Research, Helsinki, Finland; Jaana Suvisaari, PhD, Aulikki Ahlgren-Rimpiläinen, PhD, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Mental Health, Helsinki, Finland; Sonja Lumme MSc, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health and Social Systems Research, Helsinki, Finland; Ilmo Keskimäki, PhD, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health and Social Systems Research, Helsinki, Finland and Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland; Eero Pukkala, PhD, Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, and Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland
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