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López-Otín C, Kroemer G. The missing hallmark of health: psychosocial adaptation. Cell Stress 2024; 8:21-50. [PMID: 38476764 PMCID: PMC10928495 DOI: 10.15698/cst2024.03.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The eight biological hallmarks of health that we initially postulated (Cell. 2021 Jan 7;184(1):33-63) include features of spatial compartmentalization (integrity of barriers, containment of local perturbations), maintenance of homeostasis over time (recycling & turnover, integration of circuitries, rhythmic oscillations) and an array of adequate responses to stress (homeostatic resilience, hormetic regulation, repair & regeneration). These hallmarks affect all eight somatic strata of the human body (molecules, organelles, cells, supracellular units, organs, organ systems, systemic circuitries and meta-organism). Here we postulate that mental and socioeconomic factors must be added to this 8×8 matrix as an additional hallmark of health ("psychosocial adaptation") and as an additional stratum ("psychosocial interactions"), hence building a 9×9 matrix. Potentially, perturbation of each of the somatic hallmarks and strata affects psychosocial factors and vice versa. Finally, we discuss the (patho)physiological bases of these interactions and their implications for mental health improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos López-Otín
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida y la Naturaleza, Universidad Nebrija, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
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2
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Ramsperger AFRM, Jasinski J, Völkl M, Witzmann T, Meinhart M, Jérôme V, Kretschmer WP, Freitag R, Senker J, Fery A, Kress H, Scheibel T, Laforsch C. Supposedly identical microplastic particles substantially differ in their material properties influencing particle-cell interactions and cellular responses. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 425:127961. [PMID: 34986564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics and its putative adverse effects on environmental and human health increasingly gain scientific and public attention. Systematic studies on the effects of microplastics are currently hampered by using rather poorly characterised particles, leading to contradictory results for the same particle type. Here, surface properties and chemical composition of two commercially available nominally identical polystyrene microparticles, frequently used in effect studies, were characterised. We show distinct differences in monomer content, ζ-potentials and surface charge densities. Cells exposed to particles showing a lower ζ-potential and a higher monomer content displayed a higher number of particle-cell-interactions and consequently a decrease in cell metabolism and proliferation, especially at higher particle concentrations. Our study emphasises that no general statements can be made about the effects of microplastics, not even for the same polymer type in the same size class, unless the physicochemical properties are well characterised.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F R M Ramsperger
- Animal Ecology I and BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany; Biological Physics, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - J Jasinski
- Biomaterials, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - M Völkl
- Process Biotechnology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - T Witzmann
- Leibniz-Institute of Polymer Research e.V., Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics & Physical Chemistry of Polymeric Materials, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Meinhart
- Inorganic Chemistry III and Northern Bavarian NMR Centre, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - V Jérôme
- Process Biotechnology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - W P Kretschmer
- Inorganic Chemistry II and Sustainable Chemistry Centre, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - R Freitag
- Process Biotechnology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - J Senker
- Inorganic Chemistry III and Northern Bavarian NMR Centre, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - A Fery
- Leibniz-Institute of Polymer Research e.V., Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics & Physical Chemistry of Polymeric Materials, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - H Kress
- Biological Physics, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - T Scheibel
- Biomaterials, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - C Laforsch
- Animal Ecology I and BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
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3
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Salimiyan S, Mohammadi M, Aliakbari S, Kazemi R, Amini AA, Rahmani MR. Hydrocortisone Long-term Treatment Effect on Immunomodulatory Properties of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2022; 42:72-81. [PMID: 35171704 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2021.0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortisol is secreted in prolonged stress and has therapeutic effects in inflammatory diseases. Considering the immunomodulatory effects of mesenchymal stem cells, here we investigated the effect of hydrocortisone (HC) long-term treatment on immunomodulatory properties of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (ASCs). Isolated ASCs from healthy subjects were treated with different HC concentrations for 14 days. The effect of HC-treated ASCs on the proliferative response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was evaluated in ASCs/2-way mixed leukocyte reaction coculture using 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT)-assay. HC-treated ASCs were further divided into interferon gamma (IFN-γ) stimulated and unstimulated groups. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and interleukin (IL)-6 levels were measured in culture supernatants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Relative expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), hepatocyte growth factor, indoleamine dioxygenase, and programmed death-ligand 1 genes was assessed by real-time PCR. Levels of TGF-β1 and COX-2 expression were elevated in unstimulated ASCs, while exposure to high concentration of HC significantly increased TGF-β1 levels and reduced COX-2 expression. Unstimulated HC-5-μM-treated ASCs increased PBMC proliferation ratio on day 2 of coculture compared to the control group (P = 0.05). In IFN-γ stimulated condition, pretreatment with HC-5 μM resulted in a significantly increased IL-6 and significantly decreased COX-2 expression compared to the HC untreated control group. In conclusion, our results showed various alterations of ASC immunomodulatory related features as a result of long-term exposure of different concentrations of HC. It seems that HC at low concentration pushed the balance toward extended immune response in ASCs, while this observation wasn't persistent in ASCs treated with higher concentrations of HC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Salimiyan
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mobin Mohammadi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.,Cancer and Immunology Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Sara Aliakbari
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Romina Kazemi
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Amini
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.,Cancer and Immunology Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Rahmani
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.,Zoonosis Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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4
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Gans IM, Coffman JA. Glucocorticoid-Mediated Developmental Programming of Vertebrate Stress Responsivity. Front Physiol 2021; 12:812195. [PMID: 34992551 PMCID: PMC8724051 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.812195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids, vertebrate steroid hormones produced by cells of the adrenal cortex or interrenal tissue, function dynamically to maintain homeostasis under constantly changing and occasionally stressful environmental conditions. They do so by binding and thereby activating nuclear receptor transcription factors, the Glucocorticoid and Mineralocorticoid Receptors (MR and GR, respectively). The GR, by virtue of its lower affinity for endogenous glucocorticoids (cortisol or corticosterone), is primarily responsible for transducing the dynamic signals conveyed by circadian and ultradian glucocorticoid oscillations as well as transient pulses produced in response to acute stress. These dynamics are important determinants of stress responsivity, and at the systemic level are produced by feedforward and feedback signaling along the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal/interrenal axis. Within receiving cells, GR signaling dynamics are controlled by the GR target gene and negative feedback regulator fkpb5. Chronic stress can alter signaling dynamics via imperfect physiological adaptation that changes systemic and/or cellular set points, resulting in chronically elevated cortisol levels and increased allostatic load, which undermines health and promotes development of disease. When this occurs during early development it can "program" the responsivity of the stress system, with persistent effects on allostatic load and disease susceptibility. An important question concerns the glucocorticoid-responsive gene regulatory network that contributes to such programming. Recent studies show that klf9, a ubiquitously expressed GR target gene that encodes a Krüppel-like transcription factor important for metabolic plasticity and neuronal differentiation, is a feedforward regulator of GR signaling impacting cellular glucocorticoid responsivity, suggesting that it may be a critical node in that regulatory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M. Gans
- MDI Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, ME, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - James A. Coffman
- MDI Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, ME, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
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Martin-Aragon S, Bermejo-Bescós P, Benedí J, Raposo C, Marques F, Kydonaki EK, Gkiata P, Koutedakis Y, Ntina G, Carrillo AE, Amorim T. A Neuroprotective Bovine Colostrum Attenuates Apoptosis in Dexamethasone-Treated MC3T3-E1 Osteoblastic Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10195. [PMID: 34638536 PMCID: PMC8507997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO) is one of the most common secondary forms of osteoporosis. GIO is partially due to the apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteocytes. In addition, high doses of dexamethasone (DEX), a synthetic glucocorticoid receptor agonist, induces neurodegeneration by initiating inflammatory processes leading to neural apoptosis. Here, a neuroprotective bovine colostrum against glucocorticoid-induced neuronal damage was investigated for its anti-apoptotic activity in glucocorticoid-treated MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. A model of apoptotic osteoblastic cells was developed by exposing MC3T3-E1 cells to DEX (0-700 μM). Colostrum co-treated with DEX was executed at 0.1-5.0 mg/mL. Cell viability was measured for all treatment schedules. Caspase-3 activation was assessed to determine both osteoblast apoptosis under DEX exposure and its potential prevention by colostrum co-treatment. Glutathione reduced (GSH) was measured to determine whether DEX-mediated oxidative stress-driven apoptosis is alleviated by colostrum co-treatment. Western blot was performed to determine the levels of p-ERK1/2, Bcl-XL, Bax, and Hsp70 proteins upon DEX or DEX plus colostrum exposure. Colostrum prevented the decrease in cell viability and the increase in caspase-3 activation and oxidative stress caused by DEX exposure. Cells, upon colostrum co-treated with DEX, exhibited higher levels of p-ERK1/2 and lower levels of Bcl-XL, Bax, and Hsp70. Our data support the notion that colostrum may be able to reduce DEX-induced apoptosis possibly via the activation of the ERK pathway and modulation of the Hsp70 system. We provided preliminary evidence on how bovine colostrum, as a complex and multi-component dairy product, in addition to its neuroprotective action, may affect osteoblastic cell survival undergoing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagrario Martin-Aragon
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Bermejo-Bescós
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana Benedí
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Raposo
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- SALURIS, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Franklim Marques
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eirini K Kydonaki
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paraskevi Gkiata
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies, 42100 Trikala, Greece
| | - Yiannis Koutedakis
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies, 42100 Trikala, Greece
- Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, Wolverhampton University, Walsall WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Georgia Ntina
- BME, Biomechanical Solutions, 43150 Karditsa, Greece
| | - Andres E Carrillo
- Department of Exercise Science, Chatham University, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- Move-Cor Inc., Pittsburgh, PA 15017, USA
| | - Tânia Amorim
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
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6
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Rudolph J, Völkl M, Jérôme V, Scheibel T, Freitag R. Noxic effects of polystyrene microparticles on murine macrophages and epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15702. [PMID: 34344948 PMCID: PMC8333329 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95073-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) contamination has been identified as an ecological problem with an increasing impact on everyday life. Yet, possible effects of MP at the cellular level are still poorly understood. Here, the interaction of murine macrophages (J774A.1, ImKC) and epithelial cells (STC-1, BNL CL.2) with well-characterized poly(styrene) MP particles (MPP) of varying sizes (0.2-6.0 µm) was studied. Macrophages are expected to actively engulf particles which could be confirmed in this study, while epithelial cells are found in tissues with direct contact with ingested or inhaled MPP. Here, the epithelial cells from both investigated cell lines did not ingest MPP in significant numbers. Concomitantly, no cytotoxic effects nor any influence on cellular proliferation were observed. Cells from the two macrophage cell lines showed high ingestion of MPP of all sizes, but cytotoxic effects were observed only for one of them (ImKC) and only at MPP concentrations above 250 µg/mL. Indications of cellular stress as well as effects on cell proliferation were observed for cell populations with high particle cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rudolph
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Matthias Völkl
- Department of Process Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Valérie Jérôme
- Department of Process Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas Scheibel
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
- Bayreuth Center for Colloids and Interfaces (BZKG), Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
- Bayreuth Center for Molecular Biosciences (BZMB), Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
- Bayreuth Center for Material Science (BayMAT), Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
- Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Ruth Freitag
- Department of Process Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
- Bayreuth Center for Molecular Biosciences (BZMB), Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
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7
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Hallmarks of Health. Cell 2020; 184:33-63. [PMID: 33340459 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Health is usually defined as the absence of pathology. Here, we endeavor to define health as a compendium of organizational and dynamic features that maintain physiology. The biological causes or hallmarks of health include features of spatial compartmentalization (integrity of barriers and containment of local perturbations), maintenance of homeostasis over time (recycling and turnover, integration of circuitries, and rhythmic oscillations), and an array of adequate responses to stress (homeostatic resilience, hormetic regulation, and repair and regeneration). Disruption of any of these interlocked features is broadly pathogenic, causing an acute or progressive derailment of the system coupled to the loss of numerous stigmata of health.
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Hedderich J, El Bagdadi K, Angele P, Grässel S, Meurer A, Straub RH, Zaucke F, Jenei-Lanzl Z. Norepinephrine Inhibits the Proliferation of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells via β2-Adrenoceptor-Mediated ERK1/2 and PKA Phosphorylation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113924. [PMID: 32486305 PMCID: PMC7312191 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) represent an alternative to chondrocytes to support cartilage regeneration in osteoarthritis (OA). The sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) has been shown to inhibit their chondrogenic potential; however, their proliferation capacity under NE influence has not been studied yet. Therefore, we used BMSCs obtained from trauma and OA donors and compared the expression of adrenergic receptors (AR). Then, BMSCs from both donor groups were treated with NE, as well as with combinations of NE and α1-, α2- or β1/2-AR antagonists (doxazosin, yohimbine or propranolol). Activation of AR-coupled signaling was investigated by analyzing ERK1/2 and protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation. A similar but not identical subset of ARs was expressed in trauma (α2B-, α2C- and β2-AR) and OA BMSCs (α2A-, α2B-, and β2-AR). NE in high concentrations inhibited the proliferation of both trauma and OA BMCSs significantly. NE in low concentrations did not influence proliferation. ERK1/2 as well as PKA were activated after NE treatment in both BMSC types. These effects were abolished only by propranolol. Our results demonstrate that NE inhibits the proliferation and accordingly lowers the regenerative capacity of human BMSCs likely via β2-AR-mediated ERK1/2 and PKA phosphorylation. Therefore, targeting β2-AR-signaling might provide novel OA therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Hedderich
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Orthopedic University Hospital Friedrichsheim, 60528 Frankfurt/Main, Germany; (J.H.); (K.E.B.); (A.M.); (F.Z.)
| | - Karima El Bagdadi
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Orthopedic University Hospital Friedrichsheim, 60528 Frankfurt/Main, Germany; (J.H.); (K.E.B.); (A.M.); (F.Z.)
| | - Peter Angele
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Susanne Grässel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Andrea Meurer
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Orthopedic University Hospital Friedrichsheim, 60528 Frankfurt/Main, Germany; (J.H.); (K.E.B.); (A.M.); (F.Z.)
| | - Rainer H. Straub
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Neuroendocrine Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Frank Zaucke
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Orthopedic University Hospital Friedrichsheim, 60528 Frankfurt/Main, Germany; (J.H.); (K.E.B.); (A.M.); (F.Z.)
| | - Zsuzsa Jenei-Lanzl
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Orthopedic University Hospital Friedrichsheim, 60528 Frankfurt/Main, Germany; (J.H.); (K.E.B.); (A.M.); (F.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-69-6705-408
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