1
|
Mancusi A, Proroga YTR, Maiolino P, Marrone R, D’Emilio C, Girardi S, Egidio M, Boni A, Vicenza T, Suffredini E, Power K. Droplet Digital RT-PCR (dd RT-PCR) Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Honey Bees and Honey Collected in Apiaries across the Campania Region. Viruses 2024; 16:729. [PMID: 38793611 PMCID: PMC11126096 DOI: 10.3390/v16050729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs), a subfamily of Orthocoronavirinae, are viruses that sometimes present a zoonotic character. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the recent outbreak of COVID-19, which, since its outbreak in 2019, has caused about 774,593,066 confirmed cases and 7,028,881 deaths. Aereosols are the main route of transmission among people; however, viral droplets can contaminate surfaces and fomites as well as particulate matter (PM) in suspensions of natural and human origin. Honey bees are well known bioindicators of the presence of pollutants and PMs in the environment as they can collect a great variety of substances during their foraging activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible role of honey bees as bioindicators of the prevalence SARS-CoV-2. In this regard, 91 samples of honey bees and 6 of honey were collected from different apiaries of Campania region (Southern Italy) in four time periods from September 2020 to June 2022 and were analyzed with Droplet Digital RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 target genes Orf1b and N. The screening revealed the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in 12/91 in honey bee samples and in 2/6 honey samples. These results suggest that honey bees could also be used as indicators of outbreaks of airborne pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mancusi
- Department of Food Security Coordination, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute No. 2, 80055 Portici, Italy; (A.M.); (Y.T.R.P.); (S.G.)
| | - Yolande Thérèse Rose Proroga
- Department of Food Security Coordination, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute No. 2, 80055 Portici, Italy; (A.M.); (Y.T.R.P.); (S.G.)
| | - Paola Maiolino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (P.M.); (R.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Raffaele Marrone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (P.M.); (R.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Claudia D’Emilio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (P.M.); (R.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Santa Girardi
- Department of Food Security Coordination, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute No. 2, 80055 Portici, Italy; (A.M.); (Y.T.R.P.); (S.G.)
| | - Marica Egidio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (P.M.); (R.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Arianna Boni
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (T.V.); (E.S.)
| | - Teresa Vicenza
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (T.V.); (E.S.)
| | - Elisabetta Suffredini
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (T.V.); (E.S.)
| | - Karen Power
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Szabó D, Crowe A, Mamotte C, Strappe P. Natural products as a source of Coronavirus entry inhibitors. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1353971. [PMID: 38449827 PMCID: PMC10915212 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1353971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant and lasting impact on the world. Four years on, despite the existence of effective vaccines, the continuous emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants remains a challenge for long-term immunity. Additionally, there remain few purpose-built antivirals to protect individuals at risk of severe disease in the event of future coronavirus outbreaks. A promising mechanism of action for novel coronavirus antivirals is the inhibition of viral entry. To facilitate entry, the coronavirus spike glycoprotein interacts with angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on respiratory epithelial cells. Blocking this interaction and consequently viral replication may be an effective strategy for treating infection, however further research is needed to better characterize candidate molecules with antiviral activity before progressing to animal studies and clinical trials. In general, antiviral drugs are developed from purely synthetic compounds or synthetic derivatives of natural products such as plant secondary metabolites. While the former is often favored due to the higher specificity afforded by rational drug design, natural products offer several unique advantages that make them worthy of further study including diverse bioactivity and the ability to work synergistically with other drugs. Accordingly, there has recently been a renewed interest in natural product-derived antivirals in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. This review provides a summary of recent research into coronavirus entry inhibitors, with a focus on natural compounds derived from plants, honey, and marine sponges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Szabó
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Andrew Crowe
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Cyril Mamotte
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Padraig Strappe
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Suhandy D, Al Riza DF, Yulia M, Kusumiyati K. Non-Targeted Detection and Quantification of Food Adulteration of High-Quality Stingless Bee Honey (SBH) via a Portable LED-Based Fluorescence Spectroscopy. Foods 2023; 12:3067. [PMID: 37628066 PMCID: PMC10452998 DOI: 10.3390/foods12163067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Stingless bee honey (SBH) is rich in phenolic compounds and available in limited quantities. Authentication of SBH is important to protect SBH from adulteration and retain the reputation and sustainability of SBH production. In this research, we use portable LED-based fluorescence spectroscopy to generate and measure the fluorescence intensity of pure SBH and adulterated samples. The spectrometer is equipped with four UV-LED lamps (peaking at 365 nm) as an excitation source. Heterotrigona itama, a popular SBH, was used as a sample. 100 samples of pure SBH and 240 samples of adulterated SBH (levels of adulteration ranging from 10 to 60%) were prepared. Fluorescence spectral acquisition was measured for both the pure and adulterated SBH samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated that a clear separation between the pure and adulterated SBH samples could be established from the first two principal components (PCs). A supervised classification based on soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) achieved an excellent classification result with 100% accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and precision. Principal component regression (PCR) was superior to partial least squares regression (PLSR) and multiple linear regression (MLR) methods, with a coefficient of determination in prediction (R2p) = 0.9627, root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP) = 4.1579%, ratio prediction to deviation (RPD) = 5.36, and range error ratio (RER) = 14.81. The LOD and LOQ obtained were higher compared to several previous studies. However, most predicted samples were very close to the regression line, which indicates that the developed PLSR, PCR, and MLR models could be used to detect HFCS adulteration of pure SBH samples. These results showed the proposed portable LED-based fluorescence spectroscopy has a high potential to detect and quantify food adulteration in SBH, with the additional advantages of being an accurate, affordable, and fast measurement with minimum sample preparation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diding Suhandy
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Lampung, Jl. Soemantri Brojonegoro No. 1, Bandar Lampung 35145, Indonesia
| | - Dimas Firmanda Al Riza
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia;
| | - Meinilwita Yulia
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Lampung State Polytechnic, Jl. Soekarno Hatta No. 10, Bandar Lampung 35141, Indonesia;
| | - Kusumiyati Kusumiyati
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mackin C, Dahiya D, Nigam PS. Honey as a Natural Nutraceutical: Its Combinational Therapeutic Strategies Applicable to Blood Infections-Septicemia, HIV, SARS-CoV-2, Malaria. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1154. [PMID: 37631069 PMCID: PMC10459786 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Honey is a natural substance that has existed alongside humanity since the time of antiquity, acting then as a source of nutrition, as well as a source of medicinal aid for people. Ancient civilizations from multiple nations of the world, from ancient China to ancient Greece and Egypt, utilized the supposed healing properties of honey to treat lacerations and wounds, as well as for internal pathologies such as intestinal disease. At present, honey has entered the modern scientific research program in search of novel antibiotics. In recent research, honey has demonstrated its potential use for static and/or cidal effects on microbial strains which are becoming resistant to chemical antibiotics. Additionally, the use of honey as an agent of treatment for more severe infections, namely blood infections pertaining to septicemia, HIV, and SARS-CoV-2, as well as parasitic infections such as malaria, have also been investigated in recent years. In this article, the literature has been reviewed on some of the therapeutic properties of natural nutraceutical honey, where it has been observed to act as a potential ameliorating agent; reducing the severity of such conditions that may amplify a disease, as well as reducing the progression of the disease and its symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caoimhin Mackin
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
| | | | - Poonam Singh Nigam
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Azam MS, Islam MN, Wahiduzzaman M, Alam M, Dhrubo AAK. Antiviral foods in the battle against viral infections: Understanding the molecular mechanism. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:4444-4459. [PMID: 37576049 PMCID: PMC10420791 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses produce a variety of illnesses, which may also cause acute respiratory syndrome. All viral infections, including COVID-19, are associated with the strength of the immune system. Till now, traditional medicine or vaccines for most viral diseases have not been effective. Antiviral and immune-boosting diets may provide defense against viral diseases by lowering the risk of infection and assisting rapid recovery. The purpose of this review was to gather, analyze, and present data based on scientific evidence in order to provide an overview of the mechanistic insights of antiviral bioactive metabolites. We have covered a wide range of food with antiviral properties in this review, along with their potential mechanism of action against viral infections. Additionally, the opportunities and challenges of using antiviral food have been critically reviewed. Bioactive plant compounds, not only help in maintaining the body's normal physiological mechanism and good health but are also essential for improving the body's immunity and therefore can be effective against viral diseases. These agents fight viral diseases either by incorporating the body's defense mechanism or by enhancing the cell's immune system. Regular intake of antiviral foods may prevent future pandemic and consumption of these antiviral agents with traditional medicine may reduce the severity of viral diseases. Therefore, the synergistic effect of antiviral foods and medication needs to be investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Shofiul Azam
- Department of Food EngineeringDhaka University of Engineering & TechnologyGazipurBangladesh
| | - Md. Nahidul Islam
- Department of Agro‐ProcessingBangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural UniversityGazipurBangladesh
- Institute of Food Safety and ProcessingBangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural UniversityGazipurBangladesh
| | - Md. Wahiduzzaman
- Bio‐Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS‐MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Mahabub Alam
- Department of Food Engineering and Tea TechnologyShahjalal University of Science and TechnologySylhetBangladesh
| | - Akib Atique Khan Dhrubo
- Department of Chemical EngineeringDhaka University of Engineering & TechnologyGazipurBangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Covaci B, Brejea R, Covaci M. Sweeteners World Trade and Behaviour in the Pandemic. Evidence from Honey Remedies Nexus Mountain Apis Mellifera Product. SUGAR TECH : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SUGAR CROPS & RELATED INDUSTRIES 2023; 25:1-12. [PMID: 36789108 PMCID: PMC9910233 DOI: 10.1007/s12355-023-01243-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The paper proposes a construct for sweeteners (SMH-sugar, molasses, and honey class) consumer behavior, focusing on the mountain Apis Mellifera healing effects and its market. The paper develops three research dimensions, respectively, the importance of the healing properties of SMH products, the consumer behavior of SMH clients, and the world trade of SMH. Apis Mellifera product is considered one of the primary natural prevention and treatment for COVID-19. Presented empirical and experimental studies, respectively, qualitative analysis for Apis Mellifera product, reveal that honey, especially dark honey, presents healing effects. People understand the healing effects of honey in the COVID-19 context, and consequently, honey consumption increased. The forecasting model of the export value, for the 2021-2040 period, takes into consideration the descriptive statistics analysis based on 2001-2020 data. The paper contains relevant data about the SMH class related to statistics of the World Bank, United Nations, Eurostat, International Trade Center, and other sources presented in the paper. Data have been processed into SPSS and Excel, according to ANOVA (descriptive statistics with a focus on frequency analysis) and forecasting analysis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12355-023-01243-6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brîndușa Covaci
- CBM International University and Centre for Mountain Economy, Honolulu, USA
| | | | - Mihai Covaci
- Hyperion University and CBM International University, 1110 Nuuanu Avenue, PMB 1136, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sun Y, Tao Q, Cao Y, Yang T, Zhang L, Luo Y, Wang L. Kaempferol has potential anti-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) targets based on bioinformatics analyses and pharmacological effects on endotoxin-induced cytokine storm. Phytother Res 2023. [PMID: 36726236 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has infected 272 million patients and caused 5.33 million deaths around the world, and it remains the main global threat. Previous studies revealed that Chinese traditional medicine is an effective treatment for COVID-19 infection. This study aims to reveal the pharmacological effects of kaempferol, which is the active component of Radix Bupleuri and Tripterygii Radix, and potential mechanisms for the treatment of COVID-19. Here, we employed the bioinformatics methods to filter the anti-COVID-19 candidate genes of kaempferol, which mainly enriched in inflammation (TNF, JUN, etc.) and virus infection (AKT1, JNK, etc.). The Transcription levels of AKT1, JNK and JUN were significantly reduced by kaempferol treatment in the LPS-activated macrophages. In addition, kaempferol reduced the secretion of inflammatory factors by LPS-stimulated macrophages, inhibited MAPK/NF-κB signaling and regulated macrophage polarization to M2 type in vitro, and suppressed endotoxin-induced cytokine storm and improved survival in mice. Molecular docking analysis demonstrated that kaempferol was probable to bind the COVID-19 protein 5R84 and formatted hydrogen bond with the residues, the free binding energy of which was lower than the original ligand. In summary, our current work indicates that kaempferol has anti-COVID-19 potential through the reduction of COVID-19-induced body dysfunction and molecule-protein interaction, and bioinformatics results clarify that some of these key target genes might serve as potential molecular markers for detecting COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoxiang Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, China
| | - Qing Tao
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Cao
- College of Arts & Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tingting Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, China
| | - Yifeng Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Province hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Alqathama AA, Ahmad R, Alsaedi RB, Alghamdi RA, Abkar EH, Alrehaly RH, Abdalla AN. The vital role of animal, marine, and microbial natural products against COVID-19. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:509-524. [PMID: 35234563 PMCID: PMC8896193 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2039215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Since the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, researchers have been working on finding ways to prevent viral entry and pathogenesis. Drug development from naturally-sourced pharmacological constituents may be a fruitful approach to COVID-19 therapy. OBJECTIVE Most of the published literature has focussed on medicinal plants, while less attention has been given to biodiverse sources such as animal, marine, and microbial products. This review focuses on highlighting natural products and their derivatives that have been evaluated for antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. METHODS We searched electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and Springer Link to gather raw data from publications up to March 2021, using terms such as 'natural products', marine, micro-organism, and animal, COVID-19. We extracted a number of documented clinical trials of products that were tested in silico, in vitro, and in vivo which paid specific attention to chemical profiles and mechanisms of action. RESULTS Various classes of flavonoids, 2 polyphenols, peptides and tannins were found, which exhibit inhibitory properties against viral and host proteins, including 3CLpro, PLpro, S, hACE2, and NF-κB, many of which are in different phases of clinical trials. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The synergistic effects of logical combinations with different mechanisms of action emphasizes their value in COVID19 management, such as iota carrageenan nasal spray, ermectin oral drops, omega-3 supplementation, and a quadruple treatment of zinc, quercetin, bromelain, and vitamin C. Though in vivo efficacy of these compounds has yet to be established, these bioproducts are potentially useful in counteracting the effects of SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aljawharah A. Alqathama
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicines, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruba B. Alsaedi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghad A. Alghamdi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ekram H. Abkar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rola H. Alrehaly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf N. Abdalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tirado-Kulieva VA, Hernández-Martínez E, Choque-Rivera TJ. Phenolic compounds versus SARS-CoV-2: An update on the main findings against COVID-19. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10702. [PMID: 36157310 PMCID: PMC9484857 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 remains an international concern. Although there are drugs to fight it, new natural alternatives such as polyphenols are essential due to their antioxidant activity and high antiviral potential. In this context, this review reports the main findings on the effect of phenolic compounds (PCs) against SARS-CoV-2 virus. First, the proven activity of PCs against different human viruses is briefly detailed, which serves as a starting point to study their anti-COVID-19 potential. SARS-CoV-2 targets (its proteins) are defined. Findings from in silico, in vitro and in vivo studies of a wide variety of phenolic compounds are shown, emphasizing their mechanism of action, which is fundamental for drug design. Furthermore, clinical trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of PCs in the prevention and as a possible therapeutic management against COVID-19. The results were complemented with information on the influence of polyphenols in strengthening/modulating the immune system. It is recommended to investigate compounds such as vitamins, minerals, alkaloids, triterpenes and fatty acids, and their synergistic use with PCs, many of which have been successful against SARS-CoV-2. Based on findings on other viruses, synergistic evaluation of PCs with accepted drugs against COVID-19 is also suggested. Other recommendations and limitations are also shown, which is useful for professionals involved in the development of efficient, safe and low-cost therapeutic strategies based on plant matrices rich in PCs. To the authors' knowledge, this manuscript is the first to evaluate the relationship between the antiviral and immunomodulatory (including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects) activity of PCs and their underlying mechanisms in relation to the fight against COVID-19. It is also of interest for the general population to be informed about the importance of consuming foods rich in bioactive compounds for their health benefits. Phenolic compounds are known for their high potential against various human viruses. Phenolic compounds also have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity. Medicinal plants used against COVID-19 are rich in phenolic compounds. Phenolic compounds interfere with the activity of SARS-CoV-2 proteins. A wide variety of food products with high polyphenolic content are presented.
Collapse
|
10
|
Honey as an Adjuvant in the Treatment of COVID-19 Infection: A Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12157800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since ancestor times, honey has been used to promote human health due to its medicinal, and nutritious properties, mainly due to bioactive compounds present, such as phenolic compounds. The emergence of COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, led to the pursuit of solutions for the treatment of symptoms and/or disease. Honey has proven to be effective against viral infections, principally due to its potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities that attenuate oxidative damage induced by pathogens, and by improving the immune system. Therefore, the aim of this review is to overview the abilities of honey to attenuate different COVID-19 symptoms, highlighting the mechanisms associated with these actions and relating the with the different bioactive compounds present. A brief, detailed approach to SARS-CoV-2 mechanism of action is first overviewed to allow readers a deep understanding. Additionally, the compounds and beneficial properties of honey, and its previously application in other similar diseases, are detailed in depth. Despite the already reported efficacy of honey against different viruses and their complications, further studies are urgently needed to explain the molecular mechanisms of activity against COVID-19 and, most importantly, clinical trials enrolling COVID-19 patients.
Collapse
|
11
|
Nimer RM, Khabour OF, Swedan SF, Kofahi HM. Effect of natural products use prior to infection with COVID-19 on disease severity and hospitalization: A self-reported cross-sectional survey study. F1000Res 2022; 11:639. [PMID: 35919098 PMCID: PMC9294495 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.121933.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Managing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) using available resources is essential to reduce the health burden of disease. The severity of COVID-19 is affected by nutritional status. In this study the effect of natural product use prior to infection with COVID-19 on disease severity and hospitalization was explored. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Between March and July 2021, a self-administered survey was conducted in Jordan. Individuals who recovered from COVID-19 and were ≥18 years old were the study population. Study measures included the use of natural products, COVID-19 severity, and hospitalization status. A multivariate regression model was used for statistical analysis. Results:
The mean age (mean ± SD) of the study sample (n=2,148) was 40.25 ± 15.58 years old. Multivariate logistic regression showed that the regular intake of carnation (OR [0.56], CI [0.37–0.85]), onion (OR [0.69], CI [0.52–0.92]), lemon (OR [0.68], CI [0.51–0.90]), and citrus fruits (OR [0.66], CI [0.50–0.89]) before infection were associated with a substantial reduction in COVID-19 severity (P<0.01). Also, the consumption of carnation (OR [0.55], CI [0.34–0.88]), lemon (OR [0.57], CI [0.42–0.78]), and citrus fruits (OR [0.61], CI [0.44–0.84]) were associated with a significant decrease in the frequency of COVID-19-induced hospitalization (P<0.01). Conclusions: Regular consumption of carnation, lemon, and citrus fruits before infection was associated with better outcomes for COVID-19. Studies on other populations are required to confirm these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Refat M. Nimer
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Omar F. Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Samer F. Swedan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Hassan M. Kofahi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Iosageanu A, Mihai E, Prelipcean AM, Anton RE, Utoiu E, Oancea A, Craciunescu O, Cimpean A. Comparative palynological, physicochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of Romanian honey varieties for biomedical applications. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200406. [PMID: 35727940 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the melissopalynology, physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of seven honey samples harvested from different geographical regions and climates of Romania. The melissopalynological analysis revealed that monofloral and multifloral samples contained a wide diversity of minor pollen types from Romanian flora. The moisture, pH and free acidity values were within international limit. HPLC analysis indicated high content of fructose and glucose and low content of sucrose. Bioactive compounds including proteins, phenolics, flavonoids and ascorbic acid were present in variable quantities, according to the botanical origin and geographical area. The highest phenolics and ascorbic acid content was in multifloral honeys from Crisana mountain and meadow and the extrafloral honeydew honey. The same honey samples have exerted free radical scavenging and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The free radical scavenging activity was strongly correlated to phenolics and ascorbic acid content, while the antimicrobial activity was medium correlated only to phenolics content. In conclusion, the selected Romanian honey samples with best antioxidant and antimicrobial activity could be further tested for the development of novel biomedical products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Iosageanu
- University of Bucharest: Universitatea din Bucuresti, Faculty of Biology, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, Bucharest, ROMANIA
| | - Elena Mihai
- Institutul Naţional de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Stiinte Biologice: Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Stiinte Biologice Bucuresti, cellular and molecular biology, Splaiul Independentei 296, Bucharest, ROMANIA
| | - Ana-Maria Prelipcean
- Institutul Naţional de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Stiinte Biologice: Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Stiinte Biologice Bucuresti, cellular and molecular biology, Splaiul Independentei 296, Bucharest, ROMANIA
| | - Ruxandra Elena Anton
- Institutul Naţional de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Stiinte Biologice: Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Stiinte Biologice Bucuresti, cellular and molecular biology, Splaiul Independentei 296, Bucharest, ROMANIA
| | - Elena Utoiu
- Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Stiinte Biologice Bucuresti, Cellular and Molecular Biology, 296, Splaiul Independentei, 060031, Bucharest, ROMANIA
| | - Anca Oancea
- Institutul Naţional de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Stiinte Biologice: Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Stiinte Biologice Bucuresti, cellular and molecular biology, Splaiul Independentei 296, Bucharest, ROMANIA
| | - Oana Craciunescu
- Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Stiinte Biologice Bucuresti, Biologie Celulara si Moleculara, 296, Splaiul Independentei, 060031, Bucharest, ROMANIA
| | - Anisoara Cimpean
- University of Bucharest: Universitatea din Bucuresti, Faculty of Biology, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, Bucharest, ROMANIA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mahdavinezhad F, Farmani AR, Pakniat H, Taghavi S, Gharaei R, Valipour J, Amidi F. COVID-19 and varicocele: the possible overlap factors and the common therapeutic approaches. Am J Reprod Immunol 2021; 87:e13518. [PMID: 34967487 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Varicocele is recognized as one of the main attributable causes of male infertility which can affect spermatogenesis by various pathophysiological mechanisms. Recent studies have identified oxidative stress and reduction in antioxidant, hyperthermia, hypoxia, hormonal dysfunction, and inflammatory conditions as major factors in the pathophysiology of varicocele, all of which have known direct associations with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and can significantly increase the risk of detrimental COVID-19-related outcomes. Emerging data have shown an association between COVID-19 and inflammation, overproduction of cytokine, and other pathophysiological processes. The present review, summarizes the current understanding of the pathophysiology of varicocele and investigates the potential correlation between the severity of COVID-19 and the varicocele disease. In addition, various possible treatments which can be effective in both diseases were examined. Despite numerous challenges associated with the prevalence of COVID-19 in healthcare systems in infected countries, special attention should be given to maintaining a high level of care for complex patients with a pre-existing disease such as varicocele and providing appropriate practical advice for optimal control of the COVID-19 disease. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Forough Mahdavinezhad
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Farmani
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Tissue Engineering Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Hamideh Pakniat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Saeed Taghavi
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roghaye Gharaei
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamal Valipour
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fardin Amidi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Infertility, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Naik PP, Mossialos D, van Wijk B, Novakova P, Wagener FADTG, Cremers NAJ. Medical-Grade Honey Outperforms Conventional Treatments for Healing Cold Sores-A Clinical Study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1264. [PMID: 34959664 PMCID: PMC8706154 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold sores are nasolabial blisters caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections. Novel therapies demonstrating simultaneously antiviral activity and improved wound healing are warranted. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of medical-grade honey (MGH) for treating HSV-induced cold sores. A crossover trial was performed in patients with recurrent cold sores (n = 29). The majority (65.6%) of these patients experience four or more episodes per year, thus forming a valid self-control group. In this study, patients applied an MGH-based formulation (L-Mesitran Soft) on their cold sore at the onset of symptoms (62.1%) or appearing of blister (37.9%) and compared it to their conventional treatments. After complete healing, patients filled in a questionnaire evaluating healing, pain, and itching. The average absolute healing time was 72.4% slower with conventional treatment (10.0 days) compared to MGH (5.8 days). After MGH treatment, 86.2% of all patients experienced faster objective healing (6.9% similar and 6.9% slower) and the subjective healing score was higher in 79.3% of the patients (20.7% similar). If the patients normally experience pain and itching during their cold sores, these levels were lower with MGH therapy compared to conventional treatment in 72.7% and 71.4% of the patients, respectively. Moreover, 100% of the patients prefer MGH treatment over conventional treatment and will use it again on future cold sores. MGH is a promising alternative treatment for cold sores, likely by combining both increased antiviral and wound healing activities while alleviating pain and itching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piyu Parth Naik
- Saudi German Hospitals and Clinics, Department of Dermatology, Hessa Street 331 West, Al Barsha 3, Exit 36 Sheikh Zayed Road, Dubai P.O. Box 391093, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Dimitris Mossialos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis-Mezurlo, 41500 Larisa, Greece;
| | - Bas van Wijk
- Department of Dentistry, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (B.v.W.); (F.A.D.T.G.W.)
| | - Petra Novakova
- LERAM Pharmaceuticals s.r.o., Páteřní 1216/7, 63500 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Frank A. D. T. G. Wagener
- Department of Dentistry, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (B.v.W.); (F.A.D.T.G.W.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Scepankova H, Pinto CA, Paula V, Estevinho LM, Saraiva JA. Conventional and emergent technologies for honey processing: A perspective on microbiological safety, bioactivity, and quality. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:5393-5420. [PMID: 34626076 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Honey is a natural food of worldwide economic importance. Over the last decades, its potential for food, medical, cosmetical, and biotechnological applications has been widely explored. One of the major safety issues regarding such applications is its susceptibility to being contaminated with bacterial and fungi spores, including pathogenic ones, which may impose a hurdle to its consumption in a raw state. Another factor that makes this product particularly challenging relies on its high sugar content, which will lead to the formation of hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) when heated (due to Maillard reactions). Moreover, honey's bioactivity is known to be affected when it goes through thermal processing due to its unstable and thermolabile components. Therefore, proper food processing methodologies are of utmost importance not only to ensure honey safety but also to provide a high-quality product with low content of HMF and preserved biological properties. As so, emerging food processing technologies have been employed to improve the safety and quality of raw honey, allowing, for example, to reduce/avoid the exposure time to high processing temperatures, with consequent impact on the formation of HMF. This review aims to gather the literature available regarding the use of conventional and emergent food processing technologies (both thermal and nonthermal food processing technologies) for honey decontamination, preservation/enhancement of honey biological activity, as well as the sensorial attributes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Scepankova
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carlos A Pinto
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Paula
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Letícia M Estevinho
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Jorge A Saraiva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Miłek M, Grabek-Lejko D, Stępień K, Sidor E, Mołoń M, Dżugan M. The enrichment of honey with Aronia melanocarpa fruits enhances its in vitro and in vivo antioxidant potential and intensifies its antibacterial and antiviral properties. Food Funct 2021; 12:8920-8931. [PMID: 34606549 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02248b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The effect of adding the chokeberry fruit additive to rape honey was studied with regard to the physicochemical properties and biological activity. Two samples of dried powdered fruits were used to enrich the honey (1 and 4% v/v) during creaming. The obtained products were characterized in terms of sugar content, acidity, conductivity, total phenolic, flavonoid and anthocyanin contents and HPTLC polyphenol profiles. The antioxidant properties of enriched honeys were studied in vitro (FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS) and in vivo using a S. cerevisiae model. The inhibitory effect against 5 bacterial strains and coronavirus surrogate bacteriophage phi6 was tested. The addition of chokeberry significantly modified the physicochemical properties of honey and enhanced its antioxidant potential (from 3 to 15 times). Using HPTLC analysis, the occurrence of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and anthocyanins in chokeberry enriched honey was determined. The modified honey protected yeast cells against H2O2-induced oxidative stress when used as a pretreatment agent. All tested bacteria were susceptible to enriched honey in a dose-dependent manner. The antiviral potential of enriched honey against the model bacteriophage was discovered for the first time. In terms of numerous health benefits determined, honey enriched with Aronia melanocarpa fruits can be considered as an interesting novel functional food, which may increase the consumption of chokeberry superfruits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Miłek
- Department of Chemistry and Food Toxicology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, Ćwiklińskiej 1a St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - Dorota Grabek-Lejko
- Department of Bioenergetics, Food Analysis and Microbiology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4 St, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - Karolina Stępień
- Department of Biology, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4 St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - Ewelina Sidor
- Department of Chemistry and Food Toxicology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, Ćwiklińskiej 1a St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Mołoń
- Department of Biology, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4 St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Dżugan
- Department of Chemistry and Food Toxicology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, Ćwiklińskiej 1a St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mentis AFA, Dalamaga M, Lu C, Polissiou MG. Saffron for "toning down" COVID-19-related cytokine storm: Hype or hope? A mini-review of current evidence. Metabol Open 2021; 11:100111. [PMID: 34312610 PMCID: PMC8294713 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2021.100111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess the potential role of saffron in downregulating inflammation and cytokine storm during COVID-19. MAIN FINDINGS Three main compounds of saffron, i.e., crocetin esters, picrocrocin, and safranal, present strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action for several disease states (e.g., Alzheimer's, cancer, and depression) but have also been studied in COVID-19. In particular, based on our comprehensive review of both in vitro and in silico studies, saffron's essential oils and other constituents appear to have both immunomodulatory and anti-asthmatic actions; these actions can be particularly helpful to treat patients with respiratory symptoms due to COVID-19. Moreover, crocin appears to reduce the COVID-19-related cytokine cascade and downregulate angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) gene expression. Last, in silico studies suggest that saffron's astragalin and crocin could have inhibitory actions on SARS-CoV-2 protease and spike protein, respectively. CONCLUSION Saffron represents a promising substance for toning down cytokine storm during COVID-19, as well as a potential preventive treatment for COVID-19. However, appropriate randomized clinical trials, especially those using biomarkers as surrogates to assess inflammatory status, should be designed in order to assess the clinical efficacy of saffron and allow its use as an adjunct treatment modality, particularly in resource-poor settings where access to drugs may be limited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexios-Fotios A Mentis
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, Athens, Greece
- UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Cuncun Lu
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Moschos G Polissiou
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|