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Basso M, Zorzan I, Johnstone N, Barberis M, Cohen Kadosh K. Diet quality and anxiety: a critical overview with focus on the gut microbiome. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1346483. [PMID: 38812941 PMCID: PMC11133642 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1346483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders disproportionally affect females and are frequently comorbid with eating disorders. With the emerging field of nutritional psychiatry, focus has been put on the impact of diet quality in anxiety pathophysiology and gut microbiome underlying mechanisms. While the relationship between diet and anxiety is bidirectional, improving dietary habits could better facilitate the actions of pharmacological and psychological therapies, or prevent their use. A better understanding of how gut bacteria mediate and moderate such relationship could further contribute to develop personalized programs and inform probiotics and prebiotics manufacturing. To date, studies that look simultaneously at diet, the gut microbiome, and anxiety are missing as only pairwise relationships among them have been investigated. Therefore, this study aims at summarizing and integrating the existing knowledge on the dietary effects on anxiety with focus on gut microbiome. Findings on the effects of diet on anxiety are critically summarized and reinterpreted in relation to findings on (i) the effects of diet on the gut microbiome composition, and (ii) the associations between the abundance of certain gut bacteria and anxiety. This novel interpretation suggests a theoretical model where the relationship between diet and anxiety is mediated and/or modulated by the gut microbiome through multiple mechanisms. In parallel, this study critically evaluates methodologies employed in the nutritional field to investigate the effects of diet on anxiety highlighting a lack of systematic operationalization and assessment strategies. Therefore, it ultimately proposes a novel evidence-based approach that can enhance studies validity, reliability, systematicity, and translation to clinical and community settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Basso
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Zorzan
- Molecular Systems Biology, School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- Centre for Mathematical and Computational Biology, CMCB, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Johnstone
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Matteo Barberis
- Molecular Systems Biology, School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- Centre for Mathematical and Computational Biology, CMCB, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- Synthetic Systems Biology and Nuclear Organization, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kathrin Cohen Kadosh
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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Moro C, Phelps C, McLean M. Don't forget the veggies! Identifying and addressing a lack of vegetable education in physiology. ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION 2023; 47:726-731. [PMID: 37615045 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00052.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Ninety-five percent of Westerners do not consume the recommended daily vegetable intake, exacerbating the incidence of obesity, malnutrition, and nutritional deficiencies such as fiber. This article reviews the literature from PubMed, ERIC, and Web of Science, as well as Internet sites and government resources, to identify what should be considered important inclusions relating to dietary vegetable (including legumes and pulses) intake content in university physiology subjects. The primary aim is to advance the competency relating to good nutrition knowledge for future health professionals to enable them to guide and counsel patients and clients toward better health. A review of the literature provides scant nutritional content relating to vegetable intake, particularly across physiology subjects and health professional programs in general. A review of country dietary guidelines yielded discrepancies and ambiguity around recommended daily vegetable intake, including what constitutes essential vegetables. Educators responsible for embedding nutritional information in the curriculum would therefore be challenged to find reliable, evidence-based resources. Adding quality curriculum content on the importance of vegetable intake also promotes some of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), thereby contributing to SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-Being). This article offers recommendations on how to embed content relating to the importance of dietary vegetables for good health and guidance for educators of health professions programs wanting to improve their curriculum content relating to adequate nutrition.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Is nutritional literacy an important concept in physiology? This article identifies a paucity of content and addresses the need for vegetable intake education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Moro
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Charlotte Phelps
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michelle McLean
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Berlic M, Jug U, Battelino T, Levart A, Dimitrovska I, Albreht A, Korošec M. Antioxidant-rich foods and nutritional value in daily kindergarten menu: A randomized controlled evaluation executed in Slovenia. Food Chem 2023; 404:134566. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Bettinsoli ML, Suitner C. BeCause of the Effect the role of health messages ordering on behavioral change intention. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLINGUISTIC RESEARCH 2022; 51:563-576. [PMID: 35292888 DOI: 10.1007/s10936-022-09860-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Health messages are central to the field of public health in influencing behavioral change, and previous research does not offer a univocal answer on the most effective ordering of health outcomes and (un)healthy behaviors within health communication. An archival study revealed that online mass-media communicators tend to mention behaviors first. This strategy was questioned in two experimental studies (Ntot=158) examining the impact of word order on behavioral intention. Specifically, by manipulating the mentioning order of health outcomes (i.e., effect-first vs. effect-later) within a health message, results revealed a subtle role of word-order. English and Italian middle-aged men were more willing to change unhealthy habits after being exposed to a health-related message following the effect-first order rather than the effect-later order. Besides extending the comprehension of the role of word-order in socio-cognitive processes, our findings provide health communicators feedback about subtle linguistic strategies while dealing with health messages construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Bettinsoli
- Department of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Caterina Suitner
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Jayawardena R, Sooriyaarachchi P. The inside story of fruits; exploring the truth behind conventional theories. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:102085. [PMID: 33814295 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Consumption of fruits and vegetables are important to prevent several diet related diseases. Many dietary guidelines including world health organization (WHO) recommend at least two fruits per day. Our aim here is to highlight theoretical deficiencies in the field of nutritional science that would possibly cause misinterpretations to assess the fruit intake worldwide. METHODS Information regarding fruits and vegetables serving sizes were obtained from WHO, National Health Service UK, American Heart Association and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Nutritional compositions of fruits were collected from the USDA, FoodData Central database. RESULTS Three main problems causing misinterpretations to the measurement of global fruit intake were identified. First, the absence of a clear definition to classify a fruit; second, lacking a scientific justification for the nutritional composition of servings of fruits; and thirdly, absence of a standard amount or size for a serving of fruits. Since the carbohydrates are the main nutrient in the fruits, it was suggested to determine the serving size according to the 15 g. CONCLUSIONS Nutrition experts and other reputed international organizations must focus their attention on scientifically backed definitions and serving size estimations of fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranil Jayawardena
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka; Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Piumika Sooriyaarachchi
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Health and Wellness Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
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Eustachio Colombo P, Milner J, Scheelbeek PFD, Taylor A, Parlesak A, Kastner T, Nicholas O, Elinder LS, Dangour AD, Green R. Pathways to "5-a-day": modeling the health impacts and environmental footprints of meeting the target for fruit and vegetable intake in the United Kingdom. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:530-539. [PMID: 33871601 PMCID: PMC8326030 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fruit and vegetable consumption in the United Kingdom is currently well below recommended levels, with a significant associated public health burden. The United Kingdom has committed to reducing its carbon emissions to net zero by 2050, and this transition will require shifts towards plant-based diets. OBJECTIVE The aim was to quantify the health effects, environmental footprints, and cost associated with 4 different pathways to meeting the United Kingdom's "5-a-day" recommendation for fruit and vegetable consumption. METHODS Dietary data based on 18,006 food diaries from 4528 individuals participating in the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2012/13-2016/17) constituted the baseline diet. Linear programming was used to model the hypothetical adoption of the 5-a-day (400 g) recommendation, which was assessed according to 4 pathways differing in their prioritization of fruits versus vegetables and UK-produced versus imported varieties. Increases in fruit and vegetable consumption were substituted for consumption of sweet snacks and meat, respectively. Changes in life expectancy were assessed using the IOMLIFET life table model. Greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs), blue water footprint (WF), and total diet cost were quantified for each 5-a-day diet. RESULTS Achieving the 5-a-day target in the United Kingdom could increase average life expectancy at birth by 7-8 mo and reduce diet-related GHGEs by 6.1 to 12.2 Mt carbon dioxide equivalents/y; blue WFs would change by -0.14 to +0.07 km3/y. Greater reductions in GHGEs were achieved by prioritizing increased vegetable consumption over fruit, whereas the greatest reduction in WF was obtained by prioritizing vegetable varieties produced in the United Kingdom. All consumption pathways increased diet cost (£0.34-£0.46/d). CONCLUSIONS Benefits to both population and environmental health could be expected from consumption pathways that meet the United Kingdom's 5-a-day target for fruit and vegetables. Our analysis identifies cross-sectoral trade-offs and opportunities for national policy to promote fruit and vegetable consumption in the United Kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James Milner
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pauline F D Scheelbeek
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alexandr Parlesak
- Global Nutrition and Health, University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Kastner
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Owen Nicholas
- Department of Statistical Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Liselotte S Elinder
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alan D Dangour
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rosemary Green
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Dharmayani PNA, Juergens M, Allman-Farinelli M, Mihrshahi S. Association between Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Depression Symptoms in Young People and Adults Aged 15-45: A Systematic Review of Cohort Studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:E780. [PMID: 33477603 PMCID: PMC7831325 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Higher consumption of fruit and vegetables has been associated with a lower risk of various chronic diseases including coronary heart disease, obesity, and certain cancers. Recently, fruit and vegetable intake has also been linked with mental health, including depression; however, this area is largely unexplored studies in young people and adults. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the association between fruit and vegetable intake and depressive symptoms in young people and adults aged 15-45. The review used a predefined protocol registered with International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database (ID no: CRD42018091642). The systematic review focused on peer-reviewed cohort studies published from 1 January 2000 to 31 August 2020 using searches of six electronic databases. The exposure was fruit and vegetable consumption analysed both separately and/or together, and the outcome was depression or depressive symptoms. Data from eligible studies were extracted according to predefined criteria and the studies were appraised using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for cohort studies to evaluate for study quality and risk of bias. A total of 12 studies from seven countries were deemed eligible and included in the qualitative synthesis, one study was categorised as "very good" quality, nine studies were "good" quality, and two studies were "moderate" quality by the quality assessment based on the total score for the NOS. The majority of cohort studies support the evidence that fruit consumption is associated with decreased risk of developing depression. However, the inconsistent results were observed when the effects of vegetable consumption were analysed independently, and the effects of fruit and vegetables combined were analysed. Despite this, the evidence seems to be building that a possible association exists, and this may have implications for addressing the burden of mental illness in young people and adults aged 15-45 years. More well-designed prospective cohort studies are needed to provide more robust evidence on the relationship between fruit and vegetable intake and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putu Novi Arfirsta Dharmayani
- Department of Health Systems and Populations, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia;
| | - Melissa Juergens
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (M.J.); (M.A.-F.)
| | - Margaret Allman-Farinelli
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (M.J.); (M.A.-F.)
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney Medical School & Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Seema Mihrshahi
- Department of Health Systems and Populations, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia;
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney Medical School & Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Breland JY, Stanton MV. Should we give up on motivational interviewing? Not so fast. Heart 2020; 106:409-410. [PMID: 31911504 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2019-316170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Y Breland
- Center for Innovation to Implementation (Ci2i), VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - Michael V Stanton
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University East Bay, Hayward, California, USA
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Daundasekara SS, Arlinghaus KR, Johnston CA. The Importance of Language in Behavior Change. Am J Lifestyle Med 2019; 13:239-242. [PMID: 31105484 PMCID: PMC6506969 DOI: 10.1177/1559827619827810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication between health care providers and patients is important for behavioral treatment in lifestyle medicine. Ineffective communication can lead to patient dissatisfaction, demotivation, and discontinuation of treatment. It is important for health care providers to understand their biases, praise patients' behaviors rather than health outcomes, and use language to prevent dichotomous thinking. These strategies may lead to sustained lifestyle behavior changes and better treatment outcomes among patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Craig A. Johnston
- Department of Health and Human Performance,
University of Houston, Houston, Texas
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White ND. Messaging and Multivitamin Use: Rethinking the "It Can't Hurt" Philosophy. Am J Lifestyle Med 2019; 13:243-245. [PMID: 31105485 PMCID: PMC6506974 DOI: 10.1177/1559827619826572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifty-two percent of American adults report use of a dietary supplement, most commonly for improved health and disease prevention. However, literature supporting such use is inconsistent. Many providers suggest that the addition of a multivitamin "couldn't hurt," but this messaging may promote unintentional consequences including a shift of emphasis on intake of healthy foods to nutrient supplements and a neglected opportunity to discuss the profound benefits of a healthy diet. Potential implications of such messaging and recommendations for counseling are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D. White
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Creighton University School
of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Omaha, Nebraska
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