1
|
Berry D, Loy A. Stable-Isotope Probing of Human and Animal Microbiome Function. Trends Microbiol 2018; 26:999-1007. [PMID: 30001854 PMCID: PMC6249988 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Humans and animals host diverse communities of microorganisms important to their physiology and health. Despite extensive sequencing-based characterization of host-associated microbiomes, there remains a dramatic lack of understanding of microbial functions. Stable-isotope probing (SIP) is a powerful strategy to elucidate the ecophysiology of microorganisms in complex host-associated microbiotas. Here, we suggest that SIP methodologies should be more frequently exploited as part of a holistic functional microbiomics approach. We provide examples of how SIP has been used to study host-associated microbes in vivo and ex vivo. We highlight recent developments in SIP technologies and discuss future directions that will facilitate deeper insights into the function of human and animal microbiomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Berry
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Research Network Chemistry Meets Microbiology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Alexander Loy
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Research Network Chemistry Meets Microbiology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Getting the label in: practical research strategies for tracing dietary fat. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY SUPPLEMENTS 2012; 2:S43-50. [PMID: 27152153 DOI: 10.1038/ijosup.2012.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The observation that events occurring after consumption of a meal can directly affect metabolic risk has been gaining interest over the past 40 years. As a result, the desire for investigators to conduct postprandial studies has also increased. Study design decisions pertaining to the choice of meal quantity and composition are more difficult than may be readily apparent, and there is now ample evidence available in the literature to suggest that what is fed on the test day significantly affects postprandial metabolism and can therefore influence interpretation of results. In addition, events occurring before the testing day (food intake and activities) can also have an impact on the observed postprandial response. The goal of this review is to present aspects of study design critical to the investigation of postprandial metabolism. These details include subject preparation, meal quantity, form and composition, as well as sampling protocols for measuring metabolites. Key factors and practical examples are provided to minimize the impact of nonresearch variables on subject variability. Finally, aspects related to using stable isotope tracers to measure metabolism of meal fat are discussed, including choice of tracer form, dose and delivery in food. Given that fed-state events contribute significantly to chronic disease risk, improved methods to study the absorption and disposal of food energy will support the development of strategies designed to prevent and treat diseases associated with overconsumption of nutrients.
Collapse
|
3
|
Castro-Perez JM, Roddy TP, Shah V, McLaren DG, Wang SP, Jensen K, Vreeken RJ, Hankemeier T, Johns DG, Previs SF, Hubbard BK. Identifying Static and Kinetic Lipid Phenotypes by High Resolution UPLC–MS: Unraveling Diet-Induced Changes in Lipid Homeostasis by Coupling Metabolomics and Fluxomics. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:4281-90. [DOI: 10.1021/pr200480g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose M. Castro-Perez
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases − Atherosclerosis Rahway, Merck Research Laboratories, New Jersey 07065, United States
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, LACDR, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas P. Roddy
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases − Atherosclerosis Rahway, Merck Research Laboratories, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Vinit Shah
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases − Atherosclerosis Rahway, Merck Research Laboratories, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - David G. McLaren
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases − Atherosclerosis Rahway, Merck Research Laboratories, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Sheng-Ping Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases − Atherosclerosis Rahway, Merck Research Laboratories, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Kristian Jensen
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases − Atherosclerosis Rahway, Merck Research Laboratories, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Rob J. Vreeken
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, LACDR, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, LACDR, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, LACDR, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, LACDR, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Douglas G. Johns
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases − Atherosclerosis Rahway, Merck Research Laboratories, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Stephen F. Previs
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases − Atherosclerosis Rahway, Merck Research Laboratories, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Brian K. Hubbard
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases − Atherosclerosis Rahway, Merck Research Laboratories, New Jersey 07065, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Castro-Perez J, Previs SF, McLaren DG, Shah V, Herath K, Bhat G, Johns DG, Wang SP, Mitnaul L, Jensen K, Vreeken R, Hankemeier T, Roddy TP, Hubbard BK. In vivo D2O labeling to quantify static and dynamic changes in cholesterol and cholesterol esters by high resolution LC/MS. J Lipid Res 2010; 52:159-69. [PMID: 20884843 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d009787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
High resolution LC/MS-MS and LC/APPI-MS methods have been established for the quantitation of flux in the turnover of cholesterol and cholesterol ester. Attention was directed toward quantifying the monoisotopic mass (M0) and that of the singly deuterated labeled (M+1) isotope. A good degree of isotopic dynamic range has been achieved by LC/MS-MS ranging from 3-4 orders of magnitude. Correlation between the linearity of GC/MS and LC atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI)-MS are complimentary (r² = 0.9409). To prove the viability of this particular approach, male C57Bl/6 mice on either a high carbohydrate (HC) or a high fat (HF) diet were treated with ²H₂O for 96 h. Gene expression analysis showed an increase in the activity of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (Scd1) in the HC diet up to 69-fold (P < 0.0008) compared with the HF diet. This result was supported by the quantitative flux measurement of the isotopic incorporation of ²H into the respective cholesterol and cholesterol ester (CE) pools. We concluded that it is possible to readily obtain static and dynamic measurement of cholesterol and CEs in vivo by coupling novel LC/MS methods with stable isotope-based protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Castro-Perez
- Atherosclerosis Exploratory Biomarkers Group, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tepper M, Persinger R, Daniels K, Chomicz S, Teich J. Military infrared technology advances diabetes research. Diabetes Technol Ther 2003; 5:283-8. [PMID: 12871611 DOI: 10.1089/152091503321827911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
All living organisms produce heat as a by-product of metabolism. For centuries, clinicians and scientists have been interested in measuring heat output (thermogenesis) as an indicator of metabolic state. This paper briefly reviews current methods for metabolic measurements and describes recent results in diabetes research with a novel infrared thermal imaging technology, Thermal Signature Analysis (TSA). TSA measures unique thermal signatures in cells and animals that are indicative of disease, genetic variations, or drug function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Tepper
- Thermogenic Imaging, Billerica, Massachusetts 01862, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|