1
|
Chen X, Yu J, Tian H, Cai X. The miR-199a-5p/HIF1α dual-regulatory axis participates in hypoxia-induced aggressive phenotypes of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. Int J Clin Oncol 2024; 29:1244-1254. [PMID: 38853186 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-024-02555-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The late-stage diagnosis and distant metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain a huge challenge to clinical treatment for OSCC. During the past decades, targeting glycolysis-inducing factors becomes an attractive new strategy in OSCC therapies. METHODS OSCC cells were stimulated with hypoxia or transfected with agomir-199a-5p, antagomir-199a-5p, and siRNA for HIF1A, cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay; HIF1α, GLUT1, HK2 and LDHA expression levels were examined with western blot; miR-199 expression was determined with RT-PCR; cell migratory and invasive abilities were examined using wound healing and transwell assays; the lactate and glucose in culture medium were also determined. Luciferase assay or CHIP assay was applied for confirm the binding between miR-199a-5p and HIF1A 3'UTR, or between HIF1α and miR-199a promoter. RESULTS HIF1α showed to be abnormally up-regulated, and miR-199a-5p showed to be abnormally down-regulated within OSCC under hypoxia. Hypoxia considerably enhanced OSCC cell proliferation, glycolysis, migratory ability, and invasive ability. MiR-199a-5p bound to HIF1A 3'-UTR and suppressed HIF1A expression; HIF1α targeted miR-199a-5p promoter region and downregulated miR-199a-5p expression. Under hypoxia, miR-199a-5p overexpression significantly repressed HIF1α up-regulation inresponse to hypoxia, OSCC cell proliferation, glycolysis, migratory ability, and invasive ability. CONCLUSION miR-199a-5p and HIF1α form a dual-regulatory axis in OSCC cells; the miR-199a-5p/HIF1α dual-regulatory axis contributes to hypoxia-induced aggressive OSCC phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Jianjun Yu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Tian
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xu Cai
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Singh P, Rajput M, Pandey M. Tumor hypoxia and role of hypoxia-inducible factor in oral cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2024; 22:18. [PMID: 38200568 PMCID: PMC10782715 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-03284-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck cancer (HNC) is one of the most frequent malignancies in Asian males with a poor prognosis. Apart from well-known prognostic indicators, markers of tumor hypoxia can help us predict response to treatment and survival. METHODS A review of the literature on the present evidence and potential clinical importance of tumor hypoxia in head and neck cancer was carried out. The data obtained from the literature search is presented as a narrative review. RESULTS The literature shows possible associations between prognosis and low tumor oxygenation. Intermediate hypoxia biomarkers like HIF-1, GLUT-1, miRNA, and lactate, can help in predicting the response to therapy and survival as their altered expression is related to prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Hypoxia is common in HNC and can be detected by use of biomarkers. The tumors that show expression of hypoxia biomarkers have poor prognosis except for patients with human papilloma virus-associated or VHL-associated cancers. Therapeutic targeting of hypoxia is emerging; however, it is still in its nascent stage, with increasing clinical trials hypoxia is set to emerge as an attractive therapeutic target in HNC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Singh
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
| | - Monika Rajput
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Manoj Pandey
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mahapatra N, Panda A, Dash K, Bhuyan L, Mishra P, Mohanty A. The Study of Expression of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 Alpha (HIF-1 Alpha) and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-2 Alpha (HIF-2 Alpha) in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Immunohistochemical Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e45189. [PMID: 37842368 PMCID: PMC10576156 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Oral cancer is the major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. There are many factors that influence the tumor microenvironment that promotes tumorigenesis. Hypoxia is one of the factors that affects the process of angiogenesis by inducing proangiogenic factors to maintain the blood supply which in turn enhances the aggressiveness of the tumor and prognosis of solid tumors such as oral squamous cell carcinoma. AIM AND OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to compare the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α) in various histological grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma immunohistochemically. METHODOLOGY Immunohistochemical evaluation of HIF-1α and HIF-2α was done in 90 samples of oral squamous cell carcinoma which were graded histologically into 30 samples each of well, moderately and poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Statistical evaluation: Statistical analysis was done to study the prognostic significance of the biomarkers. RESULTS All the cases showed positivity for expression of HIF-1α and HIF-2α. The number of positive staining in both markers reduced as the tumor severity increased from well to poorly differentiated. The expression of MIL of HIF-2α was higher than HIF 1α and HIF 2α expression was mostly seen in cytoplasmic in well-differentiated and nuclear in both moderately and poorly differentiated OSCC suggestive that HIF-2α is a more specific marker to hypoxia. CONCLUSION Hypoxia is an essential factor that triggers other angiogenic switch and inflammatory factors which facilitates the process of tumorigenesis. This is also important for predicting the treatment outcome and prognosis of the patients. HIF-2α is a more sensitive marker that appears to be correlated and could perhaps serve as a good surrogate marker of hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niva Mahapatra
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Abikshyeet Panda
- Oral Pathology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Kailash Dash
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Lipsa Bhuyan
- Oral Pathology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Pallavi Mishra
- Oral Pathology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Aishwariya Mohanty
- Oral Pathology, Srirama Chandra Bhanja (SCB) Dental College and Hospital, Cuttack, IND
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yada RC, Desa DE, Gillette AA, Bartels E, Harari PM, Skala MC, Beebe DJ, Kerr SC. Microphysiological head and neck cancer model identifies novel role of lymphatically secreted monocyte migration inhibitory factor in cancer cell migration and metabolism. Biomaterials 2023; 298:122136. [PMID: 37178589 PMCID: PMC10205684 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Regional metastasis of head and neck cancer (HNC) is prevalent (approximately 50% of patients at diagnosis), yet the underlying drivers and mechanisms of lymphatic spread remain unclear. The complex tumor microenvironment (TME) of HNC plays a crucial role in disease maintenance and progression; however, the contribution of the lymphatics remains underexplored. We created a primary patient cell derived microphysiological system that incorporates cancer-associated-fibroblasts from patients with HNC alongside a HNC tumor spheroid and a lymphatic microvessel to create an in vitro TME platform to investigate metastasis. Screening of soluble factor signaling identified novel secretion of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) by lymphatic endothelial cells conditioned in the TME. Importantly, we also observed patient-to-patient heterogeneity in cancer cell migration similar to the heterogeneity observed in clinical disease. Optical metabolic imaging at the single cell level identified a distinct metabolic profile of migratory versus non-migratory HNC cells in a microenvironment dependent manner. Additionally, we report a unique role of MIF in increasing HNC reliance on glycolysis over oxidative phosphorylation. This multicellular, microfluidic platform expands the tools available to explore HNC biology in vitro through multiple orthogonal outputs and establishes a system with enough resolution to visualize and quantify patient-to-patient heterogeneity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Chandra Yada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Danielle E Desa
- Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Amani A Gillette
- Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Emmett Bartels
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Paul M Harari
- Department of Human Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Melissa C Skala
- Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David J Beebe
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Sheena C Kerr
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Role of E2F transcription factor in Oral cancer: Recent Insight and Advancements. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 92:28-41. [PMID: 36924812 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
The family of mammalian E2F transcription factors (E2Fs) comprise of 8 members (E2F1-E2F8) classified as activators (E2F1-E2F3) and repressors (E2F4-E2F8) primarily regulating the expression of several genes related to cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation, mainly in a cell cycle-dependent manner. E2F activity is frequently controlled via the retinoblastoma protein (pRb), cyclins, p53 and the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Additionally, genetic or epigenetic changes result in the deregulation of E2F family genes expression altering S phase entry and apoptosis, an important hallmark for the onset and development of cancer. Although studies reveal E2Fs to be involved in several human malignancies, the mechanisms underlying the role of E2Fs in oral cancer lies nascent and needs further investigations. This review focuses on the role of E2Fs in oral cancer and the etiological factors regulating E2Fs activity, which in turn transcriptionally control the expression of their target genes, thus contributing to cell proliferation, metastasis, and drug/therapy resistance. Further, we will discuss therapeutic strategies for E2Fs, which may prevent oral tumor growth, metastasis, and drug resistance.
Collapse
|
6
|
Overexpression of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α and Its Relation with Aggressiveness and Grade of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13030451. [PMID: 36766555 PMCID: PMC9914882 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13030451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) has been shown to be involved in cancer metastasis in several cancer types. There is however conflicting evidence of HIF-1α expression with oral cancer prognosis. Therefore, this study set out to investigate HIF-1α overexpression and its relationship with the aggressiveness and grade of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to explore the diagnostic potential of HIF-1α overexpression in OSCC in a cohort of Pakistani patients. Immunostaining of HIF-1α was performed on 54 OSCC and 14 normal oral mucosa (NOM) tissue samples and various cut-offs were used to evaluate its immunohistochemical expression. HIF-1α expression in OSCC samples was significantly higher than in controls, with minimal immunoreactivity in NOM. HIF-1α overexpression was significantly associated with increased tumor size (p = 0.046). However, no association was found between HIF-1α overexpression and increasing Broder's histological grade or TNM stage. The cut-off >10% cells with moderate to marked intensity carried a sensitivity of 70% and a specificity of 100% to distinguish between tumor and control. ROC curve analysis of HIF-1α weighted histoscores showedHIF-1α overexpression as a highly sensitive and specific diagnostic test (p < 0.001, AUC = 0.833). HIF-1α overexpression is a tumor-specific finding associated with increased tumor size and carries a potential diagnostic role.
Collapse
|
7
|
Hill RM, Rocha S, Parsons JL. Overcoming the Impact of Hypoxia in Driving Radiotherapy Resistance in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4130. [PMID: 36077667 PMCID: PMC9454974 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is very common in most solid tumours and is a driving force for malignant progression as well as radiotherapy and chemotherapy resistance. Incidences of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have increased in the last decade and radiotherapy is a major therapeutic technique utilised in the treatment of the tumours. However, effectiveness of radiotherapy is hindered by resistance mechanisms and most notably by hypoxia, leading to poor patient prognosis of HNSCC patients. The phenomenon of hypoxia-induced radioresistance was identified nearly half a century ago, yet despite this, little progress has been made in overcoming the physical lack of oxygen. Therefore, a more detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms of hypoxia and the underpinning radiobiological response of tumours to this phenotype is much needed. In this review, we will provide an up-to-date overview of how hypoxia alters molecular and cellular processes contributing to radioresistance, particularly in the context of HNSCC, and what strategies have and could be explored to overcome hypoxia-induced radioresistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rhianna M. Hill
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Sonia Rocha
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Jason L. Parsons
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
- Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Clatterbridge Road, Bebington CH63 4JY, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Spanier G, Ugele I, Nieberle F, Symeou L, Schmidhofer S, Brand A, Meier J, Spoerl S, Krupar R, Rümmele P, Siska P, Renner K, Peter K, Gerken M, Beckhove P, Reichert TE, Kreutz M, Singer K. The predictive power of CD3 + T cell infiltration of oral squamous cell tumors is limited to non-diabetic patients. Cancer Lett 2020; 499:209-219. [PMID: 33276040 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus type II (DM) and immune cell infiltration determine patient outcome in many tumor entities. Here we studied a possible link between the metabolic and immune cell status of OSCC patients. Glucose transporter (GLUT) 1 mRNA expression was elevated in all tumor samples, whereas other glycolytic markers such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) A or monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) 1 were increased in tumor samples from patients with diabetes and these patients had a significantly worse prognosis compared to non-diabetic patients. Analyses of immune cell infiltration in tumors from diabetic and non-diabetic patients revealed an increased leukocyte (CD45+) infiltration compared to normal mucosa only in non-diabetic patients. In line, the amount of CD3+ T cells per mm2 tumor tissue, was elevated in patients without diabetes and crucial for patient outcome in OSCC patients without diabetes, as compared to healthy mucosa using fluorescence immunohistochemistry in tissue microarrays of 229 patients. Our results demonstrate that diabetes is a prognostic factor for OSCC patients and associates with decreased leukocyte and CD3+ infiltration indicating that metabolic differences between diabetic and non-diabetic patients may alter tumor-infiltrating T cells and thereby determine patient outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit Spanier
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ines Ugele
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Felix Nieberle
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Luisa Symeou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Schmidhofer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Almut Brand
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Meier
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Spoerl
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rosemarie Krupar
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Petra Rümmele
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Siska
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Renner
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Peter
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Gerken
- Tumor Center - Institute for Quality Management and Health Services Research, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Beckhove
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Torsten E Reichert
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marina Kreutz
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Katrin Singer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Impact of Histological and Molecular Parameters on Prognosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Analysis of 290 Cases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2059240. [PMID: 33123565 PMCID: PMC7584939 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2059240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Nodal metastasis is a critical factor in predicting the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). When patients present with a clinically positive neck, the treatment of choice is radical neck dissection. However, management of a clinically negative neck is still a subject of significant controversy. Aim This study was carried out in order to propose a model to predict regional lymph node metastasis of OSCC using histological parameters such as tumour stage, tumour size, pattern of invasion (POI), differentiation of tumour, and host immune response, together with the expression levels of six biomarkers (periostin, HIF-1α, MMP-9, β-catenin, VEGF-C, and EGFR), and, furthermore, to compare the impact of all these parameters on recurrence and 3 yr and 5 yr survival rates. Materials and Method. Histological materials collected from the archives were used to evaluate histological parameters and immunohistochemical profiles. Standard methods were used for immunohistochemistry and for evaluation of results. Data related to recurrence and survival (3 and 5 years) was also recorded. Clinical data was collected from patients' records. Results Male to female ratio was 3 : 1. The commonest site of OSCC was the buccal mucosa, and majority of them were T3 or T4 tumours presented at stage 4. 62.5% of the tumours were well differentiated. Three-year and 5-year survival rates were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis and recurrence. POI was significantly correlated with tumour size, stage, 3-year survival, EGFR, HIF-1α, periostin, and MMP-9 (p < 0.05). Expression of EGFR showed a direct association with metastasis (p < 0.05). Conclusion POI, level of differentiation, and expression of EGFR are independent prognostic markers for lymph node metastasis. Therefore, these parameters may help in treatment planning of a clinically negative neck.
Collapse
|
10
|
Eckert AW, Kappler M, Große I, Wickenhauser C, Seliger B. Current Understanding of the HIF-1-Dependent Metabolism in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6083. [PMID: 32846951 PMCID: PMC7504563 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the 10th most frequent human malignancy and is thus a global burden. Despite some progress in diagnosis and therapy, patients' overall survival rate, between 40 and 55%, has stagnated over the last four decades. Since the tumor node metastasis (TNM) system is not precise enough to predict the disease outcome, additive factors for diagnosis, prognosis, prediction and therapy resistance are urgently needed for OSCC. One promising candidate is the hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), which functions as an early regulator of tumor aggressiveness and is a key promoter of energy adaptation. Other parameters comprise the composition of the tumor microenvironment, which determines the availability of nutrients and oxygen. In our opinion, these general processes are linked in the pathogenesis of OSCC. Based on this assumption, the review will summarize the major features of the HIF system-induced activities, its target proteins and related pathways of nutrient utilization and metabolism that are essential for the initiation, progression and therapeutic stratification of OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W. Eckert
- Klinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Plastische Gesichtschirurgie, Universitätsklinik der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität, Breslauer Str. 201, 90471 Nurnberg, Germany
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Plastische Gesichtschirurgie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenebrg, Ernst- Grube-Straße 40, 06120 Halle, Germany;
| | - Matthias Kappler
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Plastische Gesichtschirurgie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenebrg, Ernst- Grube-Straße 40, 06120 Halle, Germany;
| | - Ivo Große
- Institut für Informatik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Seckendorff-Platz 1, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Claudia Wickenhauser
- Institut für Pathologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 14, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institut für Medizinische Immunologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 14, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shetty SS, Sharma M, Fonseca FP, Jayaram P, Tanwar AS, Kabekkodu SP, Kapaettu S, Radhakrishnan R. Signaling pathways promoting epithelial mesenchymal transition in oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2020; 56:97-108. [PMID: 32874377 PMCID: PMC7452314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical process that occurs during the embryonic development, wound healing, organ fibrosis and the onset of malignancy. Emerging evidence suggests that the EMT is involved in the invasion and metastasis of cancers. The inflammatory reaction antecedent to fibrosis in the onset of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) and the role of EMT in its malignant transformation indicates a hitherto unexplored involvement of EMT. This review focuses on the role of EMT markers which are regulators of the EMT mediated complex network of molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of OSF and OSCC. Further the gene enrichment analysis and pathway analysis supports the association of the upregulated and downregulated genes in various EMT regulating pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Smitha Sammith Shetty
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Mohit Sharma
- Department of Oral Pathology, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad 121004, India
| | - Felipe Paiva Fonseca
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pradyumna Jayaram
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Ankit Singh Tanwar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Satyamoorthy Kapaettu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Raghu Radhakrishnan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bisetto S, Whitaker-Menezes D, Wilski NA, Tuluc M, Curry J, Zhan T, Snyder CM, Martinez-Outschoorn UE, Philp NJ. Monocarboxylate Transporter 4 (MCT4) Knockout Mice Have Attenuated 4NQO Induced Carcinogenesis; A Role for MCT4 in Driving Oral Squamous Cell Cancer. Front Oncol 2018; 8:324. [PMID: 30211114 PMCID: PMC6120975 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the 6th most common human cancer and affects approximately 50,000 new patients every year in the US. The major risk factors for HNSCC are tobacco and alcohol consumption as well as oncogenic HPV infections. Despite advances in therapy, the overall survival rate for all-comers is only 50%. Understanding the biology of HNSCC is crucial to identifying new biomarkers, implementing early diagnostic approaches and developing novel therapies. As in several other cancers, HNSCC expresses elevated levels of MCT4, a member of the SLC16 family of monocarboxylate transporters. MCT4 is a H+-linked lactate transporter which functions to facilitate lactate efflux from highly glycolytic cells. High MCT4 levels in HNSCC have been associated with poor prognosis, but the role of MCT4 in the development and progression of this cancer is still poorly understood. In this study, we used 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) to induce oral cancer in MCT4-/- and wild type littermates, recapitulating the disease progression in humans. Histological analysis of mouse tongues after 23 weeks of 4NQO treatment showed that MCT4-/- mice developed significantly fewer and less extended invasive lesions than wild type. In mice, as in human samples, MCT4 was not expressed in normal oral mucosa but was detected in the transformed epithelium. In the 4NQO treated mice we detected MCT4 in foci of the basal layer undergoing transformation, and progressively in areas of carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinomas. Moreover, we found MCT4 positive macrophages within the tumor and in the stroma surrounding the lesions in both human samples of HNSCC and in the 4NQO treated animals. The results of our studies showed that MCT4 could be used as an early diagnostic biomarker of HNSCC. Our finding with the MCT4-/- mice suggest MCT4 is a driver of progression to oral squamous cell cancer and MCT4 inhibitors could have clinical benefits for preventing invasive HNSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bisetto
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sydney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Diana Whitaker-Menezes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sydney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nicole A. Wilski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sydney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Madalina Tuluc
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sydney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Joseph Curry
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Sydney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Tingting Zhan
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sydney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Christopher M. Snyder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sydney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ubaldo E. Martinez-Outschoorn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sydney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nancy J. Philp
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sydney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
de Aquino Martins ARL, Santos HBDP, Mafra RP, Nonaka CFW, Souza LBD, Pinto LP. Participation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and lymphangiogenesis in metastatic and non-metastatic lower lip squamous cell carcinoma. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2018; 46:1741-1747. [PMID: 30119998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the lymphatic density and HIF-1α immunoexpression in lower lip squamous cell carcinoma (LLSCC) and their correlation with clinicopathological (nodal metastasis, clinical stage, histological grade, recurrence and disease outcome) and survival parameters in 20 metastatic and 20 non-metastatic LLSCCs. Lymphatic density was established by counting microvessels (D2-40+) at the tumor core (intratumoral lymphatic density, ILD) and at the invasive front (peritumoral lymphatic density, PLD) and percentages of immunopositive cells for HIF-1α were established. No statistically significant differences in lymphatic densities in relation to clinicopathological parameters were observed (P > 0.05). All cases exhibited nuclear and cytoplasmic HIF-1α immunoexpression, with relatively high percentages of positivity, but this expression was not statistically different in relation to clinicopathological variables (P > 0.05). Positive correlations were observed between ILD and PLD (P = 0.002), and between nuclear HIF-1α immunoexpression at the tumor core and ILD (P = 0.001). The results suggest ILD and PLD are not directly related to the development of lymph node metastasis in LLSCC. The striking expression of HIF-1α suggests the involvement of this protein in the etiopathogenesis of LLSCCs, possibly stimulating lymphangiogenesis at the tumor core. However, this protein does not seem to exert a determining influence on the biological aggressiveness of these tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hellen Bandeira de Pontes Santos
- Postgraduation Program in Oral Pathology, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Porpino Mafra
- Postgraduation Program in Oral Pathology, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | | | - Lélia Batista de Souza
- Postgraduation Program in Oral Pathology, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Leão Pereira Pinto
- Postgraduation Program in Oral Pathology, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rivera C, Oliveira AK, Costa RAP, De Rossi T, Paes Leme AF. Prognostic biomarkers in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review. Oral Oncol 2017; 72:38-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
15
|
Kappler M, Kotrba J, Kaune T, Bache M, Rot S, Bethmann D, Wichmann H, Güttler A, Bilkenroth U, Horter S, Gallwitz L, Kessler J, Greither T, Taubert H, Eckert AW, Vordermark D. P4HA1: A single-gene surrogate of hypoxia signatures in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2017; 5:6-11. [PMID: 29594211 PMCID: PMC5833914 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Hypoxia gene expression signatures are of high prognostic value for head and neck cancer patients. Recently, the prognostic information of a multiple-gene hypoxia signature was found to be provided by the mRNA level of P4HA1 alone (Tawk et al., 2016). Therefore, we studied the prognostic value of P4HA1 in an independent cohort of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. Material and methods Frozen tumor samples of 118 adult OSCC patients were analysed for P4HA1 mRNA level by quantitative real-time TaqMan™ PCR analysis. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox’s regression analysis were performed to characterize the prognostic impact of P4HA1 mRNA level in OSCC patients. Results The analyzed patient cohort was divided into four subgroups according to the quartiles of the P4HA1 mRNA levels. The highest intratumoral P4HA1 mRNA level was significantly correlated with a poor overall survival (RR = 2.2; P = 0.04) and an increased risk of locoregional recurrence (RR = 4.8; P = 0.02). In patients who received radiotherapy (n = 82) highest intratumoral P4HA1 mRNA level was significantly correlated with a poor overall survival (RR = 3.4; P = 0.01) and an increased risk of locoregional recurrence (RR = 10.3; P = 0.005). Moreover, significant correlations between the P4HA1 mRNA level and the mRNA level of several EMT and stem cell markers were found. Conclusions A high P4HA1 mRNA level, as a single-gene surrogate of hypoxia, is an independent prognostic marker for the overall survival and locoregional recurrence of OSCC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Kappler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Johanna Kotrba
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Tom Kaune
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Matthias Bache
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Swetlana Rot
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Daniel Bethmann
- Institute of Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Henri Wichmann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Antje Güttler
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Susanne Horter
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Lisa Gallwitz
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Kessler
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Thomas Greither
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
| | - Helge Taubert
- Clinic of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander W Eckert
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Dirk Vordermark
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhou J, Huang S, Wang L, Yuan X, Dong Q, Zhang D, Wang X. Clinical and prognostic significance of HIF-1α overexpression in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis. World J Surg Oncol 2017; 15:104. [PMID: 28521842 PMCID: PMC5437521 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-017-1163-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have indicated an association between hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) expression and poor prognosis in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC); however, definitive evidence of this association is yet to be obtained. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the association of HIF-1α expression with clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival (OS) of patients with OSCC. METHODS A literature search for relevant studies published in English language as of February 05, 2016, was performed on PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases. Eighteen studies with a combined study population of 1474 patients with OSCC are included in the meta-analysis. Odds ratio (OR) or hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using random-effects model or fixed-effects model. RESULTS HIF-1α overexpression was significantly associated with larger tumor size (OR = 2.28, 95% CI = 1.49-3.50, P = 0.017), advanced TNM stage (OR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.50-3.49, P = 0.158), and lymph node metastasis (OR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.19-3.53, P < 0.001), but not with poor differentiation (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 0.55-2.64, P = 0.024). These results demonstrated an association between HIF-1α expression and biological behavior of OSCC. On pooled analyses, high expression of HIF-1α was associated with worse OS (HR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.10-2.61, P < 0.001). On subgroup analyses, overexpression of HIF-1α was significantly associated with poor prognosis in Asian population (HR = 2.33, 95% CI = 1.72-3.15, P = 0.862). CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate an association of HIF-1α overexpression with tumor size, tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, and overall survival. HIF-1α could be an independent prognostic marker in patients with OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Shengyun Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Central laboratories, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Quanjiang Dong
- Central laboratories, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| | - Xuxia Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Eckert AW, Wickenhauser C, Salins PC, Kappler M, Bukur J, Seliger B. Clinical relevance of the tumor microenvironment and immune escape of oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Transl Med 2016; 14:85. [PMID: 27044404 PMCID: PMC4820994 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0828-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in the tumor microenvironment and immune surveillance represent crucial hallmarks of various kinds of cancer, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and a close crosstalk of hypoxia regulating genes, an activation of chemokines and immune cells has been described. METHODS A review about the pivotal role of HIF-1, its crosstalk to various cornerstones in OSCC tumorigenesis is presented. RESULTS Hypoxia is a frequent event in OSCC and leads to a reprogramming of the cellular metabolism in order to prevent cell death. Hypoxic OSCC cells induce different adaptive changes such as anaerobic glycolysis, pH stabilisation and alterations of the gene and protein expression profile. This complex metabolic program is orchestrated by the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1, the master regulator of early tumor progression. Hypoxia-dependent and -independent alterations in immune surveillance lead to different immune evasion strategies, which are partially mediated by alterations of the tumor cells, changes in the frequency, activity and repertoire of immune cell infiltrates and of soluble and environmental factors of the tumor micromilieu with consecutive generation of an immune escape phenotype, progression of disease and poor clinical outcome of OSCC patients. CONCLUSIONS This review focusses on the importance of HIF-1 in the adaption and reprogramming of the metabolic system to reduced oxygen values as well as on the role of the tumor microenvironment for evasion of OSCC from immune recognition and destruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W Eckert
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Claudia Wickenhauser
- Institute of Pathology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 8, 06110, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Paul C Salins
- Mazumdar Shaw Cancer Center and Narayana Hrudayalaya Multi Specialty Hospital, 258/A, Bommasandra Industrial Area, Bangalore, 560099, India
| | - Matthias Kappler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Juergen Bukur
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 2, 06110, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 2, 06110, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chen TC, Wu CT, Wang CP, Hsu WL, Yang TL, Lou PJ, Ko JY, Chang YL. Associations among pretreatment tumor necrosis and the expression of HIF-1α and PD-L1 in advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma and the prognostic impact thereof. Oral Oncol 2015; 51:1004-1010. [PMID: 26365985 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The treatment strategies for advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), especially with necrotic changes, are not effective. The programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) immune escape may be one of the underlying sources of resistance. Furthermore, anti-PD-L1 directed immunotherapy may be another choice for adjuvant therapy. Therefore, the expression of PD-L1 in advanced OSCC with necrotic changes is very important. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 218 eligible patients with advanced stage (stage III/IV) OSCC and neck metastasis were enrolled. The presence of necrosis was reviewed by pretreatment magnetic resonance imaging. Paired paraffin-embedded primary tumor and metastatic lymph nodes (LN) sections were stained with antibodies against hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and PD-L1. Moderate-to strong HIF-1α nuclear staining in >10% and cell surface PD-L1 expression in >5% of OSCC cells were recorded as a positive result. RESULTS For advanced OSCC with necrotic changes, there was substantial agreement in primary tumor (kappa value 0.54) and almost perfect agreement in metastatic LN (kappa value 0.86) between HIF-1α and PD-L1 expression. The patients with both necrosis and positive PD-L1 expression in OSCC surrounding necrosis had worse disease control and survival outcomes. After multivariate analysis, metastatic LN necrosis and positive PD-L1 expression were found to be significant independent adverse factors. CONCLUSION Advanced OSCC patients with both necrosis and positive PD-L1 expression in OSCC surrounding necrosis had worse outcome. The aggressive behavior of advanced OSCC could be partially related to PD-L1 immune escape. These patients may be good candidates for anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tseng-Cheng Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pathology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Tu Wu
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pathology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ping Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pathology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Lun Hsu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Lin Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jen Lou
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Jenq-Yuh Ko
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Leong Chang
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pathology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Swartz JE, Pothen AJ, Stegeman I, Willems SM, Grolman W. Clinical implications of hypoxia biomarker expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review. Cancer Med 2015; 4:1101-16. [PMID: 25919147 PMCID: PMC4529348 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Awareness increases that the tumor biology influences treatment outcome and prognosis in cancer. Tumor hypoxia is thought to decrease sensitivity to radiotherapy and some forms of chemotherapy. Presence of hypoxia may be assessed by investigating expression of endogenous markers of hypoxia (EMH) using immunohistochemistry (IHC). In this systematic review we investigated the effect of EMH expression on local control and survival according to treatment modality in head and neck cancer (head and neck squamous cell carcinoma [HNSCC]). A search was performed in MEDLINE and EMBASE. Studies were eligible for inclusion that described EMH expression in relation to outcome in HNSCC patients. Quality was assessed using the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool. Hazard ratios for locoregional control and survival were extracted. Forty studies of adequate quality were included. HIF-1a, HIF-2a, CA-IX, GLUT-1, and OPN were identified as the best described EMHs. With exception of HIF-2a, all EMHs were significantly related to adverse outcome in multiple studies, especially in studies where patients underwent single-modality treatment. Positive expression was often correlated with adverse clinical characteristics, including disease stage and differentiation grade. In summary, EMH expression was common in HNSCC patients and negatively influenced their prognosis. Future studies should investigate the effect of hypoxia-modified treatment schedules in patients with high In summary, EMH expression. These may include ARCON, treatment with nimorazole, or novel targeted therapies directed at hypoxic tissue. Also, the feasibility of surgical removal of the hypoxic tumor volume prior to radiotherapy should be investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin E Swartz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ajit J Pothen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Stegeman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Brain Center Rudolph Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan M Willems
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wilko Grolman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Brain Center Rudolph Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tanaka T, Shimizu M, Kochi T, Shirakami Y, Mori T, Watanabe N, Naiki T, Moriwaki H, Yoshimi K, Serikawa T, Kuramoto T. Apc-Mutant Kyoto Apc Delta (KAD) Rats Are Susceptible to 4-NQO-Induced Tongue Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:1522-39. [PMID: 25050571 PMCID: PMC4190553 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6031522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite widening interest in the possible association between infection/inflammation and cancer development, knowledge of this issue in relation to oral cancer remains inadequate. This study aimed to determine the susceptibility of Apc-mutant Kyoto Apc Delta (KAD) rats, which are vulnerable to developing inflammation-associated colorectal carcinogenesis, to 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO)-induced tongue carcinogenesis in order to clarify the role of inflammation in oral cancer. KAD (20 males and 22 females) and F344/NS1c (22 males and 23 females) rats received drinking water with or without 4-NQO (20 ppm) for eight weeks. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses of the tongue were performed at week 20. Additionally, the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines in the tongue mucosa was determined at week 8. Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) developed in the KAD and F344/NS1c rats that received 4-NQO. Regardless of gender, the incidence and multiplicity of tongue SCC were greater in the KAD rats than in the F344/NS1c rats. In addition, the multiplicity of tongue SCC in the female KAD rats was significantly greater than that observed in the male KAD (p < 0.01) and female F344/NS1c rats (p < 0.05). The levels of inflammation and the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines in the tongue in the 4-NQO-treated female KAD rats were the highest among the rats given 4-NQO. These results show that KAD rats, particularly females, are susceptible to 4-NQO-induced tongue carcinogenesis, suggesting the utility of models employing KAD rats for investigating the pathobiology of oral (tongue) carcinogenesis associated with inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Tanaka
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology (DDP) & Research Center of Diagnostic Pathology (RC-DiP), Gifu Municipal Hospital, 7-1 Kashima-Cho, Gifu 500-8513, Japan.
| | - Masahito Shimizu
- Department of Internal Medicine/Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Kochi
- Department of Internal Medicine/Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Yohei Shirakami
- Department of Internal Medicine/Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Mori
- Department of Pharmacy, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, 4-86 Minaminokawa-cho, Ogaki 503-8502, Japan.
| | - Naoki Watanabe
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology (DDP) & Research Center of Diagnostic Pathology (RC-DiP), Gifu Municipal Hospital, 7-1 Kashima-Cho, Gifu 500-8513, Japan.
| | - Takafumi Naiki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Gifu Municipal Hospital, 7-1 Kashima-cho, Gifu 500-8513, Japan.
| | - Hisataka Moriwaki
- Department of Internal Medicine/Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Kazuto Yoshimi
- The Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Tadao Serikawa
- The Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Takashi Kuramoto
- The Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cui SY, Huang JY, Chen YT, Song HZ, Huang GC, De W, Wang R, Chen LB. The role of Aurora A in hypoxia-inducible factor 1α-promoting malignant phenotypes of hepatocelluar carcinoma. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:2849-66. [PMID: 23966163 DOI: 10.4161/cc.25916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of both hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and Aurora A has been found in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, whether HIF-1α and Aurora A synergistically promote malignant phenotypes of HCC cells is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the roles and functional correlation of HIF-1α and Aurora A in HCC progression. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect HIF-1α and Aurora A protein expression in 55 primary HCC and corresponding non-tumor tissues and their clinical significance. Gene knockout technology using short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was used to knockdown expression of HIF-1α or Aurora A and analyze their effects on malignant phenotypes of HCC cells. The transcriptional regulation of Aurora A by HIF-1α and the possible downstream molecular signaling pathways were also determined. Results showed that hypoxia could induce the increased expression of HIF-1α and Aurora A in HCC cells. Also, shRNA-mediated HIF-1α downregulation could lead to the decreased Aurora A expression and inhibition of growth or invasion in HCC cells. Moreover, HIF-1α could transcriptionally regulate Aurora A expression by binding to hypoxia-responsive elements in the Aurora A promoter and recruiting the coactivator-p300/CBP. Additionally, shRNA-mediated Aurora A knockdown could mimic the effects of HIF-1α downregulation on phenotypes of HCC cells, and overexpression of Aurora A could partially rescue the phenotypical changes of HCC cells induced by HIF-1α downregulation. Further research indicated that activation of Akt and p38-MAPK signaling pathways mediated the downstream effects of HIF-1α and Aurora A in HCC cells under hypoxic condition. Taken together, our findings indicated that Aurora A might be a key regulator of HIF-1α-promoting malignant phenotypes of HCC by activation of Akt and p38-MAPK signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yun Cui
- Department of Medical Oncology; Jinling Hospital; School of Medicine; Nanjing University; Nanjing, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yedida GR, Nagini S, Mishra R. The importance of oncogenic transcription factors for oral cancer pathogenesis and treatment. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2013; 116:179-88. [PMID: 23619350 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2013.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current experimental evidence shows that most important risk factors for oral cancer include tobacco use and excessive alcohol consumption and less well-defined risks include viral infection and a diet deficient in antioxidants. The positive correlation between various risk/etiologic factors of oral cancer and the activation of various transcription factors (TFs) has been reported in the literature. Although initially, TFs were considered to be very difficult targets for use in clinical treatment, recent technological advances have provided the ability to control these factors of cancer progression. This review focuses on the role of oncogenic transcription factors in oral cancer, their modes of activation through various biological pathways, the promises and pitfalls in viewing them as potent oncotargets, the way they can be controlled based on the current understanding, and the future research to be done in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Govinda Raju Yedida
- Centre for Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Prostate cancer hypoxia is associated with inferior prognosis and resistance to treatment. The use of androgen deprivation therapy, both prior to and during radiotherapy, may exacerbate underlying hypoxia. Whilst larger radiation doses per fraction may achieve therapeutic gain, this is balanced by the reduced opportunity for re-oxygenation to take place during the course of treatment. Improving the underlying hypoxic tumour environment may therefore improve the treatment outcomes. Strategies to combat tumour hypoxia, with particular focus on the use of carbogen gas breathing concurrently with radiotherapy, is the subject of this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kent Yip
- Department of Oncology, Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Teppo S, Sundquist E, Vered M, Holappa H, Parkkisenniemi J, Rinaldi T, Lehenkari P, Grenman R, Dayan D, Risteli J, Salo T, Nyberg P. The hypoxic tumor microenvironment regulates invasion of aggressive oral carcinoma cells. Exp Cell Res 2012; 319:376-89. [PMID: 23262025 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Invasion is an important hallmark of cancer involving interactions between the tumor microenvironment and the cancer cells. Hypoxia, low oxygen level, is related to increased invasion and metastasis in many cancers. The aim was to elucidate the effect of hypoxia on invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells (OSCCs), and the applicability of a novel 3-dimentional myoma organotypic invasion model in hypoxia experiments. OSCC cell lines (primary oral carcinoma derived cells UT-SCC-43A, recurrent oral carcinoma cells UT-SCC-43B and aggressive tongue carcinoma cells HSC-3) were studied for their migration and invasion capabilities under normoxia, hypoxia, and in the presence a hypoxia-mimicker cobalt chloride. As expected, the recurrent UT-SCC-43B cells were significantly more aggressive than the primary tumor derived cells. In contrast to tongue carcinoma HSC-3 cells, they only mildly responded to hypoxia in the migration or invasion assays, indicating a cell line specific response of hypoxia on the invasive potential. The modification of the organotypic human tissue-derived matrix via the removal of various yet unidentified soluble factors by rinsing the tissue resulting in stripped matrix substantially changed the invasion pattern of HSC-3 cells and the outcomes of hypoxic treatments. Only in the stripped tissue hypoxia significantly increased invasion, whereas in native intact tissue the induced invasion was not observed. This demonstrates the importance of the soluble factors to the invasion pattern and to the hypoxia response. A metastasis and poor prognosis marker, hypoxia-regulated lysyl oxidase (LOX), was present in the myoma tissue, but could be removed by rinsing. The inhibition of LOX resulted in a decrease in invasion area, but only very mildly in invasion depth. Thus, it may have a role in the modulation of the invasion pattern. Another hypoxia-related poor prognosis marker carbonic anhydrase 9 (CAIX) was induced in HSC-3 cells both by the hypoxic exposure and interestingly in invading HSC-3 cells inside the tissue even in normoxic conditions. In conclusion, this suggests that the intact myoma organotypic model offers optimally hypoxic surroundings, thus being an excellent human tumor microenvironment mimicker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Teppo
- Department of Diagnostics and Oral Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Petera J, Sirák I, Tuček L, Hodek M, Paluska P, Kašaová L, Paulíková S, Vošmik M, Doležalová H, Cvanova M, Halamka M, Laco J. Predicting factors for locoregional failure of high-dose-rate brachytherapy for early-stage oral cancer. Per Med 2012; 9:879-887. [PMID: 29776235 DOI: 10.2217/pme.12.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM Brachytherapy is an alternative to surgery in the treatment of the early stages of oral tongue cancer. The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze the clinical risk factors and possible candidate biomarkers of local and regional tumor control. PATIENTS & METHODS Twenty-four patients were treated between the years 2001 and 2010. Median follow-up was 37.4 months. Correlation between disease-free survival and clinical stage, tumor grade, resection margin, depth of invasion, and p16, EGF receptor, NF-κB, HIF-1α, HER2, Ku-80, COX-2 and VEGF expression was evaluated. RESULTS The estimated 5-year local control was 81% and locoregional control was 62%. Depth of tumor invasion (p = 0.018) and higher VEGF expression (p = 0.016) were significantly predictive for worse disease-free survival in Cox multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION Intensity of VEGF expression and depth of tumor invasion may be significantly negative predictors of disease-free survival in tongue cancer patients treated by brachytherapy alone. Predictive value of VEGF deserves evaluation in larger studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Petera
- Department of Oncology & Radiotherapy, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Igor Sirák
- Department of Oncology & Radiotherapy, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Luboš Tuček
- Department of Stomatology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Hodek
- Department of Oncology & Radiotherapy, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Paluska
- Department of Oncology & Radiotherapy, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Linda Kašaová
- Department of Oncology & Radiotherapy, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Simona Paulíková
- Department of Oncology & Radiotherapy, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Vošmik
- Department of Oncology & Radiotherapy, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Doležalová
- Department of Stomatology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Cvanova
- Institute of Biostatistics & Analyses, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jan Laco
- Fingerland Department of Pathology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hsu YH, Wei CC, Shieh DB, Chan CH, Chang MS. Anti-IL-20 monoclonal antibody alleviates inflammation in oral cancer and suppresses tumor growth. Mol Cancer Res 2012; 10:1430-9. [PMID: 23002091 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-12-0276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-20 (IL-20) is a proinflammatory cytokine involved in rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, and osteoporosis. However, little is known about the role of IL-20 in oral cancer. We explored the function of IL-20 in the tumor progression of oral cancer. IL-20 expression levels in tumorous and nontumorous oral tissue specimens from 40 patients with four different stages oral cancer were analyzed with immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Expression of IL-20 and its receptor subunits was higher in clinical oral tumor tissue than in nontumorous oral tissue. The role of IL-20 was examined in two oral cancer cell lines (OC-3 and OEC-M1). In vitro, IL-20 promoted TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1, CCR4, and CXCR4 and increased proliferation, migration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and colony formation of oral cancer cells via activated STAT3 and AKT/JNK/ERK signals. To evaluate the therapeutic potential of anti-IL-20 monoclonal antibody 7E for treating oral cancer, an ex vivo tumor growth model was used. In vivo, 7E reduced tumor growth and inflammation in oral cancer cells. In conclusion, IL-20 promoted oral tumor growth, migration, and tumor-associated inflammation. Therefore, IL-20 may be a novel target for treating oral cancer, and anti-IL-20 monoclonal antibody 7E may be a feasible therapeutic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsiang Hsu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ben Lassoued A, Beaufils N, Dales JP, Gabert J. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α as prognostic marker. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 7:53-70. [DOI: 10.1517/17530059.2012.719022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
28
|
Albert S, Hourseau M, Halimi C, Serova M, Descatoire V, Barry B, Couvelard A, Riveiro ME, Tijeras-Raballand A, de Gramont A, Raymond E, Faivre S. Prognostic value of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the mobile tongue. Oral Oncol 2012; 48:1263-71. [PMID: 22776129 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2012.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression and the prognostic value of chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), its cognate ligand the CXCL12, and markers of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the mobile tongue. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with primary SCC of the mobile tongue who underwent surgery in our center were screened retrospectively. Patients without prior treatment, who had pre-surgery TNM staging and available tumor samples, were eligible. Protein expression of CXCL12, CXCR4, CA9, E-cadherin, and vimentin was determined by immunohistochemical staining, scored, and correlated with clinical and pathological parameters and overall survival. Multivariate and Cox proportional hazards analyses were performed. RESULTS Among 160 patients treated and screened, 47 were analyzed. CXCR4 and CXCL12 expression was high in tumor cells. CXCR4 expression in primary tumor samples was significantly higher in patients with high-grade tumors, lymph node metastases, and microscopic nerve invasion (p ≤ 0.05). There was a non-significant trend towards a correlation between high CXCL12 expression and pathologic tumor stage (p=0.07). Tumors with high CXCR4 expression correlated with poor overall survival (hazard ratio=3.6, 95% confidence interval 1.3-9.7; p=0.011), notably in the CXCR4(high)/vimentin-positive subgroup. Vimentin-positive tumors, characterizing EMT, were associated with lower survival (hazard ratio=4.5, 95% confidence interval 1.6-12.3; p=0.0086). Multivariate analysis confirmed vimentin (but not CXCR4) expression as an independent prognostic factor of poor overall survival (p=0.016). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that CXCR4 is a marker of tumor aggressiveness and vimentin is an important and independent prognostic factor in patients with SCC of the mobile tongue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Albert
- INSERM U728, RayLab, and Departments of Medical Oncology, Beaujon University Hospital (AP-HP - Paris 7 Diderot), Clichy, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Persano L, Rampazzo E, Della Puppa A, Pistollato F, Basso G. The three-layer concentric model of glioblastoma: cancer stem cells, microenvironmental regulation, and therapeutic implications. ScientificWorldJournal 2011; 11:1829-41. [PMID: 22125441 PMCID: PMC3217608 DOI: 10.1100/2011/736480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors arising in the central nervous system are thought to
originate from a sub-population of cells named cancer stem cells
(CSCs) or tumor initiating cells (TICs) that possess an immature
phenotype, combined with self-renewal and chemotherapy resistance
capacity. Moreover, in the last years, these cells have been
identified in particular brain tumor niches fundamental for
supporting their characteristics. In this paper, we report studies
from many authors demonstrating that hypoxia or the so called
“hypoxic niche” plays a crucial role in controlling CSC molecular
and phenotypic profile. We recently investigated the relationship
existing between Glioblastoma (GBM) stem cells and their niche,
defining the theory of three-concentric layers model for GBM mass.
According to this model, GBM stem cells reside preferentially
within the hypoxic core of the tumour mass, while more
differentiated cells are mainly localized along the peripheral and
vascularized part of the tumour. This GBM model provides
explanation of the effects mediated by the tumour microenvironment
on the phenotypic and molecular regulation of GBM stem cells,
describing their spatial distribution in the tumor bulk. Moreover,
we discuss the possible clinical implications of the creation of
this model for future GBM patient management and novel therapeutic
strategies development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Persano
- Oncohematology Laboratory, Department of Paediatrics, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, Padova 35128, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hypoxia-inducible factors in OSCC. Cancer Lett 2011; 313:1-8. [PMID: 21959110 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a characteristic locally aggressive tumor in which hypoxia levels are very high, causing a low response to chemotherapy and providing basic resistance to anticancer drugs. Tumoral hypoxia directly depends on hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF). The goal of this paper is to describe HIF basic biology and tumor cells (HIF-1α, mainly), analyzing the effects of its expression in OSCC, study its relation with other molecules such as nitric oxide (NO), carbonic anhydrase (CA) or VEGF and assess the possibility of its manipulation as a therapeutic target.
Collapse
|
31
|
The expression of HIF-1α in primary hepatocellular carcinoma and its correlation with radiotherapy response and clinical outcome. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:2021-9. [PMID: 21647551 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0949-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) protein expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and responses of abdominal metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) from HCC patients treated with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT). HIF-1α immunohistochemical staining was performed on tissue microarrays (TMAs) of primary HCC specimens from 69 HCC patients with abdominal LN metastases. All patients received abdominal metastatic LN EBRT at the Department of Radiation Oncology at Zhongshan Hospital. A receiver-operating characteristic (ROC)-based approach and logistical regression analysis were used to determine the predictive value of HIF-1α expression in primary tumors with HCC metastatic LN EBRT response. Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests were used to analyze patient survival. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze independent prognostic factors. HIF-1α expression was correlated with blood hemoglobin (Hb: r = -0.280, P = 0.020), response of abdominal metastatic LNs to EBRT (r = 0.286, P = 0.017), locoregional recurrence (r = 0.278, P = 0.021), and cancer-specific deaths (r = 0.298, P = 0.013). HIF-1α expression was predictive of EBRT response of metastatic LNs [area under the curve (AUC): 0.646; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.499-0.793; P = 0.047], locoregional recurrence (AUC: 0.657; 95% CI: 0.509-0.805; P = 0.049) and cancer-specific deaths (AUC: 0.671; 95% CI: 0.531-0.812; P = 0.035). Patients with tumors exhibiting high HIF-1α expression had significantly poorer overall survival (OS) than those with low tumor expression of HIF-1α (P = 0.016). Multivariate analysis showed that Hb (P = 0.035), vascular invasion (P = 0.026), Child-Pugh score (P < 0.001), intrahepatic tumor control (P < 0.001), and HIF-1α (P = 0.020) were independent prognosis factors for OS of HCC patients after receiving abdominal metastatic LN EBRT. HIF-1α expression in primary HCCs was associated with EBRT response of abdominal metastatic LNs and poor prognosis.
Collapse
|
32
|
p16(INK4a)/CDKN2 expression and its relationship with oral squamous cell carcinoma is our current knowledge enough? Cancer Lett 2011; 306:134-41. [PMID: 21411222 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) are the most common malignancy of the oral cavity and their multistep development requires the accumulation of multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations. Inactivation of p16(INK4a), encoded by the CDKN2 gene has been widely associated with this type of tumors. The purpose of this review is to elucidate the relationship between p16(INK4a) expression and the different clinical and pathological aspects of OSCC, analyze the variation in results between studies, detailing the described genetic/epigenetic alterations that result in gene silencing and the relationship between p16(INK4a) and HPV infection.
Collapse
|
33
|
Tilakaratne WM, Nissanka-Jayasuriya EH. Value of HIF-1α as an independent prognostic indicator in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2011; 11:145-147. [DOI: 10.1586/erm.11.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
|