1
|
Zhan P, Li D, Zhang X, Bai X. The average life expectancy of persons with disabilities in China. SSM Popul Health 2023; 24:101526. [PMID: 37841217 PMCID: PMC10570714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The average life expectancy (ALE) of persons with disabilities (PWDs) is much shorter than that of the total population in many countries. However, there have been relatively few empirical studies on the ALE of PWDs in China. This study estimates the ALE and compiles the life tables of PWDs in China using data on 1,359,812 PWDs registered in the Special Surveys of Basic Services and Needs of the Disabled (SSBSND) in K Province in China from 2015 to 2017. The ALE of PWDs at age 20 is 45.2 years (95% CI: 44.7-45.8) for men and 48.1 years (95% CI: 47.6-48.6) for women, which is 15.0 years (men) and 16.5 years (women) lower than that of the entire population. The ALE of those with the most severe disability is only 33.7 years (95% CI: 32.2-45.1) for men and 37.1 years (95% CI: 35.3-38.8) for women. The ALE is relatively short for persons with intellectual and physical disabilities; moderate for those with hearing, speech, and mental disabilities; and relatively long for those with visual and multiple disabilities. Of the PWDs participating in basic old-age insurance (BOI), more than 30% do not live long enough to receive their pensions. As such, because a large proportion of PWDs die before 60 years old, social policies for PWDs should be specially designed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhan
- School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, No.866, Yuhangtang Rd., Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Institute for Common Prosperity and Development, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Center of Social Welfare and Governance, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongwen Li
- School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, No.866, Yuhangtang Rd., Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Center for Ageing and Health Study, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, No.866, Yuhangtang Rd., Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Center of Social Welfare and Governance, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianchun Bai
- Chinese Academy of Disability Data Sciences, Nanjing Normal University of Special Education, No.1, Shennong Rd., Qixia District, Nanjing, 210038, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jacinto M, Matos R, Gomes B, Caseiro A, Antunes R, Monteiro D, Ferreira JP, Campos MJ. Physical Fitness Variables, General Health, Dementia and Quality of Life in Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2688. [PMID: 37830725 PMCID: PMC10572461 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11192688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The average life expectancy of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) is increasing. However, living more years does not mean living better, leading to the need for research on comorbidities associated with the aging process. Associated with this process are the physical characteristics most prevalent in an individual with IDD: low levels of all physical capacities, the accumulation of central fat, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, variables considered to be some of the main risk factors of the onset of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, and variables that can negatively impact quality of life (QoL). Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate a sample of 21 institutionalized adults with IDD (42.81 ± 10.99 years old) in terms of their anthropometric characteristics, body composition, general health status, functional capacity, neuromuscular capacity, and dementia/cognitive function, and the possible associations with QoL. All assessments were performed in the laboratory of the Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education-University of Coimbra. Participants, in the present study, have low levels of physical fitness and high metabolic and cardiovascular markets, which need to be improved. On the other hand, functional and neuromuscular ability seems to be associated with QoL (p ≤ 0.05). This study highlights the role of primary and secondary care providers in diagnosis, prevention, and supporting individuals with IDDs to promote QoL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Jacinto
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.G.); (A.C.); (J.P.F.); (M.J.C.)
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal; (R.M.); (R.A.); (D.M.)
- ESECS—Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Rui Matos
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal; (R.M.); (R.A.); (D.M.)
- ESECS—Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Gomes
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.G.); (A.C.); (J.P.F.); (M.J.C.)
- Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - André Caseiro
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.G.); (A.C.); (J.P.F.); (M.J.C.)
- Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Raul Antunes
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal; (R.M.); (R.A.); (D.M.)
- ESECS—Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Diogo Monteiro
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal; (R.M.); (R.A.); (D.M.)
- ESECS—Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Portugal Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - José Pedro Ferreira
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.G.); (A.C.); (J.P.F.); (M.J.C.)
- Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria João Campos
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.G.); (A.C.); (J.P.F.); (M.J.C.)
- Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Doyle A, O'Sullivan M, Craig S, McConkey R. People with intellectual disability in Ireland are still dying young. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2020; 34:1057-1065. [PMID: 33377272 PMCID: PMC8359186 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background People with intellectual disability die younger than their non‐disabled peers. In recent years, greater attention has been paid to closing the gap. However, evidence that this is being achieved is limited by the dearth of longitudinal, national data. Method Over 4,000 decedents identified in the Irish National Intellectual Disability Database from 2001 to 2016 were compared to deaths in the general population based on age and gender profiles using death rates and standardised mortality ratios. A binary logistic regression analysis also identified the characteristics of persons who had a higher risk of dying. Results Irish people with intellectual disability die younger and have a higher rate of death than their non‐disabled peers. Nor has the gap between their mortality and that of the general population closed in recent years. Conclusions More concentrated effort is needed in Ireland on promoting equitable access to health services for people with intellectual disability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Doyle
- National Health Information Systems, Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael O'Sullivan
- National Health Information Systems, Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah Craig
- National Health Information Systems, Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Roy McConkey
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shooshtari S, Ouellette‐Kuntz H, Balogh R, McIsaac M, Stankiewicz E, Dik N, Burchill C. Patterns of mortality among adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities in the Canadian province of Manitoba. JOURNAL OF POLICY AND PRACTICE IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jppi.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Shooshtari
- Department of Community Health SciencesUniversity of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | | | - Robert Balogh
- Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Ontario Institute of Technology Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Michael McIsaac
- School of Mathematical and Computational SciencesUniversity of Prince Edward Island Charlottetown Prince Edward Island Canada
| | | | - Natalia Dik
- Manitoba Centre for Health PolicyUniversity of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Charles Burchill
- Manitoba Centre for Health PolicyUniversity of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
An Examination of the Validity of the Health Risk Screening Tool: Predicting Mortality in People With Intellectual Disabilities. J Nurs Meas 2020; 28:73-94. [PMID: 32295856 DOI: 10.1891/jnm-d-18-00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The Health Risk Screening Tool (HRST) is a 22-item instrument specifically designed to assess the health risk of persons with developmental disabilities. The predictive validity of the HRST was investigated by examining its ability to predict mortality. METHODS The sample consisted of 12,582 people with an intellectual or developmental disability residing in Georgia (U.S.). Data were analyzed using survival analysis (Kaplan-Meier estimate and Cox regression) and a binary logistic regression. RESULTS All models supported the prognostic value of the six-level health risk classification. The Kaplan-Meier procedure showed clear separation among functions. The Cox proportional hazard regression revealed that hazard is inversely related to the health risk level, even after controlling for potential confounding by gender, ethnicity, and race. CONCLUSIONS The HRST can predict mortality. Therefore, it can serve as a basis for establishing healthcare needs and determining nursing care acuity.
Collapse
|
6
|
Perceptions of ageing and future aspirations by people with intellectual disability: a grounded theory study using photo-elicitation. AGEING & SOCIETY 2018. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x18001460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractInternationally, 1 per cent of the general population are living with an intellectual disability and life expectancy is increasing in line with global trends. The majority of people with an intellectual disability live with family. This represents a growing and largely ‘hidden’ population who have, or will have, additional needs as they and their family age. There is limited research about what is important for people with intellectual disability when thinking about getting older. This article reports on a study which explored the concept of ageing and future aspirations with 19 people living with an intellectual disability, aged 37–58 years of age (mean 48 years) and living with someone they identify as family. Using Charmaz's constructivist grounded theory approach and photo-elicitation, constant comparative analysis generated four themes: reciprocating relationships, emerging (in)dependence, configuring ageing and entertaining possibilities. As part of the interview process, photo-elicitation facilitated the expression of associations and perspectives about ageing and conceptualising the future for participants. The findings demonstrate the engagement of people with intellectual disabilities in research and provided unique insights into both their experiences and perspectives on ageing in the context of family. The need for greater flexibility in service planning and delivery are identified, alongside ensuring the meaningful inclusion of people with intellectual disability in decision-making about their own lives as they age.
Collapse
|
7
|
Welyczko N. Working with patients with long-term conditions and learning disabilities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.12968/jokc.2018.3.4.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Welyczko
- Associate Professor, Nursing and Midwifery and Associate Head of School, The Leicester School of Nursing and Midwifery, De Montfort University, Leicester
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
O'Dwyer M, Peklar J, Mulryan N, McCallion P, McCarron M, Henman MC. Prevalence and patterns of anti-epileptic medication prescribing in the treatment of epilepsy in older adults with intellectual disabilities. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2018; 62:245-261. [PMID: 29314463 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of epilepsy is higher in people with intellectual disability (ID) and increases with the degree of ID. Although life expectancy for people with ID is increasing, people with ID coexisting with epilepsy have a higher mortality rate, particularly those who had recent seizures. There have been few observational studies of the prevalence and patterns of anti-epileptic prescribing among older people with ID and epilepsy. The aim of this study was to investigate prevalence and patterns of anti-epileptic prescribing in the treatment of epilepsy in a representative population of older people with ID and epilepsy. METHODS This was an observational cross-sectional study from wave 1 (2009/2010) of Intellectual Disability Supplement to the Irish Longitudinal Study on Aging, a nationally representative sample of 753 persons with ID aged between 41 and 90 years. Participants and/or proxies recorded medicines used on a regular basis and reported doctor's diagnosis of epilepsy; medication data were available for 736 (98%). Prescribing of anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) for epilepsy in those with a doctor's diagnosis of epilepsy (N = 205) was the primary exposure of interest for this study. Participant exposure to these AEDs was then categorised into AED monotherapy and polytherapy. Participants/carers reported seizure frequency, when epilepsy was last reviewed and which practitioner reviewed epilepsy. In addition, medications that may lower the seizure threshold that were listed in the Maudsley prescribing guidelines in psychiatry were examined. RESULTS Of the 736 participants with reported medicines use, 38.9% (n = 287) were exposed to AEDs, and 30.6% (225) had a doctor's diagnosis of epilepsy. Of those with epilepsy (n = 225), 90.9% (n = 205) reported concurrent use of AEDs and epilepsy. Of these 205 participants, 50.3% (n = 103) were exposed to AED polytherapy, and 63 different polytherapy regimes were reported. The most frequently reported AEDs were valproic acid (n = 100, 48.7%), carbamazepine (n = 89, 46.3%) and lamotrigine (n = 57, 27.8%). In total, 13.7% had a concurrent psychotropic, which should be avoided in epilepsy, and 32.6% had a psychotropic where caution is required. Antipsychotics with potential epileptogenic potential accounted for 80% of these medications. Of those with AED polytherapy (n = 103), 29.5% (28) reported being seizure free for the previous 2 years. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of epilepsy was high among older people with ID, and half were exposed to two or more AEDs. Despite the use of AED therapy, over half had seizures in the previous 2 years. As the primary goals of optimal AED treatment are to achieve seizure freedom without unacceptable adverse effects, this was not achievable for many older patients with ID and epilepsy. Our findings indicated that people with ID and epilepsy were often exposed to psychotropic medications that may lower the seizure threshold. Regular review of epilepsy and medicines (including medicines that may interact with AEDs or lower the seizure threshold) by multidisciplinary teams working to agreed standards may improve quality of prescribing. Improved exchange of information and coordination of care between specialists and primary care practitioners in line with expert consensus recommendations could bring substantial benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M O'Dwyer
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- IDS-TILDA, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Peklar
- School of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - N Mulryan
- IDS-TILDA, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P McCallion
- School of Social Work. College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M McCarron
- Dean of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M C Henman
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
O'Leary L, Cooper S, Hughes‐McCormack L. Early death and causes of death of people with intellectual disabilities: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2017; 31:325-342. [DOI: 10.1111/jar.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa O'Leary
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences Mental Health and Wellbeing University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Sally‐Ann Cooper
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences Mental Health and Wellbeing University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Laura Hughes‐McCormack
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences Mental Health and Wellbeing University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Carey IM, Hosking FJ, Harris T, DeWilde S, Beighton C, Cook DG. An evaluation of the effectiveness of annual health checks and quality of health care for adults with intellectual disability: an observational study using a primary care database. HEALTH SERVICES AND DELIVERY RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.3310/hsdr05250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
People with intellectual disability (ID) have poorer health than the general population; however, there is a lack of comprehensive national data describing their health-care needs and utilisation. Annual health checks for adults with ID have been incentivised through primary care since 2009, but only half of those eligible for such a health check receive one. It is unclear what impact health checks have had on important health outcomes, such as emergency hospitalisation.
Objectives
To evaluate whether or not annual health checks for adults with ID have reduced emergency hospitalisation, and to describe health, health care and mortality for adults with ID.
Design
A retrospective matched cohort study using primary care data linked to national hospital admissions and mortality data sets.
Setting
A total of 451 English general practices contributing data to Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD).
Participants
A total of 21,859 adults with ID compared with 152,846 age-, gender- and practice-matched controls without ID registered during 2009–13.
Interventions
None.
Main outcome measures
Emergency hospital admissions. Other outcomes – preventable admissions for ambulatory care sensitive conditions, and mortality.
Data sources
CPRD, Hospital Episodes Statistics and Office for National Statistics.
Results
Compared with the general population, adults with ID had higher levels of recorded comorbidity and were more likely to consult in primary care. However, they were less likely to have long doctor consultations, and had lower continuity of care. They had higher mortality rates [hazard ratio (HR) 3.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.3 to 3.9], with 37.0% of deaths classified as being amenable to health-care intervention (HR 5.9, 95% CI 5.1 to 6.8). They were more likely to have emergency hospital admissions [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 2.82, 95% CI 2.66 to 2.98], with 33.7% deemed preventable compared with 17.3% in controls (IRR 5.62, 95% CI 5.14 to 6.13). Health checks for adults with ID had no effect on overall emergency admissions compared with controls (IRR 0.96, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.07), although there was a relative reduction in emergency admissions for ambulatory care-sensitive conditions (IRR 0.82, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.99). Practices with high health check participation also showed a relative fall in preventable emergency admissions for their patients with ID, compared with practices with minimal participation (IRR 0.73, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.95). There were large variations in the health check-related content that was recorded on electronic records.
Limitations
Patients with milder ID not known to health services were not identified. We could not comment on the quality of health checks.
Conclusions
Compared with the general population, adults with ID have more chronic diseases and greater primary and secondary care utilisation. With more than one-third of deaths potentially amenable to health-care interventions, improvements in access to, and quality of, health care are required. In primary care, better continuity of care and longer appointment times are important examples that we identified. Although annual health checks can also improve access, not every eligible adult with ID receives one, and health check content varies by practice. Health checks had no impact on overall emergency admissions, but they appeared influential in reducing preventable emergency admissions.
Future work
No formal cost-effectiveness analysis of annual health checks was performed, but this could be attempted in relation to our estimates of a reduction in preventable emergency admissions.
Funding
The National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research programme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iain M Carey
- Population Health Research Institute, St George’s, University of London, London, UK
| | - Fay J Hosking
- Population Health Research Institute, St George’s, University of London, London, UK
| | - Tess Harris
- Population Health Research Institute, St George’s, University of London, London, UK
| | - Stephen DeWilde
- Population Health Research Institute, St George’s, University of London, London, UK
| | - Carole Beighton
- Population Health Research Institute, St George’s, University of London, London, UK
| | - Derek G Cook
- Population Health Research Institute, St George’s, University of London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Soltani S, Faramarzi A, Khosravi B. What we should know about health problems in people with intellectual disability: Implications for health policy. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017; 22:66. [PMID: 28616053 PMCID: PMC5461582 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_856_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Soltani
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ahmad Faramarzi
- Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University and Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Khosravi
- Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University and Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
McCarron M, Cleary E, McCallion P. Health and Health-Care Utilization of the Older Population of Ireland: Comparing the Intellectual Disability Population and the General Population. Res Aging 2017; 39:693-718. [DOI: 10.1177/0164027516684172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Largely unresearched are the similarities and differences compared to the general population in the aging of people with an intellectual disability (ID). Data reported here compare the health and health-care utilization of the general aging population in Ireland with those who are aging with ID. Design: Data for comparisons were drawn from the 2010 The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) and the Intellectual Disability Supplement (IDS)-TILDA Wave 1 data sets. Setting: TILDA participants were community dwelling only while IDS-TILDA participants were drawn from community and institutional settings. Participants: TILDA consists of a sample of 8,178 individuals aged 50 years and older who were representative of the Irish population. The IDS-TILDA consists of a random sample of 753 persons aged 40 and older. Using age 50 as the initial criterion, 478 persons with ID were matched with TILDA participants on age, sex, and geographic location to create the sample for this comparison. Measurements: Both studies gathered self-reported data on physical and mental health, behavioral health, functional limitations, and health-care utilization. Results: Rates of chronic disease appeared higher overall for people with ID as compared to the general population. There were also age-related differences in the prevalence of diabetes and cancer and different rates of engagement between the two groups in relevant behavioral health activities such as smoking. There were higher utilization levels among IDS-TILDA participants for allied health and general practitioner visits. Conclusion: Different disease trajectories found among IDS-TILDA participants raise concerns. The longitudinal comparison of data for people with ID and for the general population offered a better opportunity for the unique experiences of people with ID to be included in data that inform health planning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary McCarron
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eimear Cleary
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Philip McCallion
- Center for Excellence in Aging and Community Wellness, University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Landes SD. The Intellectual Disability Mortality Disadvantage: Diminishing With Age? AMERICAN JOURNAL ON INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2017; 122:192-207. [PMID: 28257241 DOI: 10.1352/1944-7558-122.2.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
On average, adults with intellectual disability (ID) have higher mortality risk than their peers in the general population. However, the effect of age on this mortality disadvantage has received minimal attention. Using data from the 1986-2011 National Health Interview Survey-Linked Mortality Files (NHIS-LMF), discrete time hazard models were used to compare mortality risk for adults with and without ID by age and gender. Increased mortality risk was present for all adults with ID, but was most pronounced among younger age females. The mortality differential between those with and without ID diminished with increased age for both females and males. Findings support the argument that heterogeneity of frailty may explain differences in mortality risk between those with and without ID.
Collapse
|
14
|
O'Dwyer M, Maidment ID, Bennett K, Peklar J, Mulryan N, McCallion P, McCarron M, Henman MC. Association of anticholinergic burden with adverse effects in older people with intellectual disabilities: an observational cross-sectional study. Br J Psychiatry 2016; 209:504-510. [PMID: 27660331 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.115.173971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No studies to date have investigated cumulative anticholinergic exposure and its effects in adults with intellectual disabilities. AIMS To determine the cumulative exposure to anticholinergics and the factors associated with high exposure. METHOD A modified Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB) scale score was calculated for a representative cohort of 736 people over 40 years old with intellectual disabilities, and associations with demographic and clinical factors assessed. RESULTS Age over 65 years was associated with higher exposure (ACB 1-4 odds ratio (OR) = 3.28, 95% CI 1.49-7.28, ACB 5+ OR = 3.08, 95% CI 1.20-7.63), as was a mental health condition (ACB 1-4 OR = 9.79, 95% CI 5.63-17.02, ACB 5+ OR = 23.74, 95% CI 12.29-45.83). Daytime drowsiness was associated with higher ACB (P<0.001) and chronic constipation reported more frequently (26.6% ACB 5+ v. 7.5% ACB 0, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Older people with intellectual disabilities and with mental health conditions were exposed to high anticholinergic burden. This was associated with daytime dozing and constipation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Máire O'Dwyer
- Máire O'Dwyer, PhD, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and IDS-TILDA School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Ian D. Maidment, PhD, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK; Kathleen Bennett, PhD, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Jure Peklar, MPharm, School of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Niamh Mulryan, MB MRCPsych, IDS-TILDA School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Philip McCallion, PhD, Centre for Aging and Excellence in Community Wellness, University At Albany, New York, USA; Mary McCarron, PhD, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Martin C. Henman, PhD, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ian D Maidment
- Máire O'Dwyer, PhD, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and IDS-TILDA School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Ian D. Maidment, PhD, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK; Kathleen Bennett, PhD, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Jure Peklar, MPharm, School of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Niamh Mulryan, MB MRCPsych, IDS-TILDA School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Philip McCallion, PhD, Centre for Aging and Excellence in Community Wellness, University At Albany, New York, USA; Mary McCarron, PhD, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Martin C. Henman, PhD, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kathleen Bennett
- Máire O'Dwyer, PhD, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and IDS-TILDA School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Ian D. Maidment, PhD, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK; Kathleen Bennett, PhD, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Jure Peklar, MPharm, School of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Niamh Mulryan, MB MRCPsych, IDS-TILDA School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Philip McCallion, PhD, Centre for Aging and Excellence in Community Wellness, University At Albany, New York, USA; Mary McCarron, PhD, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Martin C. Henman, PhD, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jure Peklar
- Máire O'Dwyer, PhD, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and IDS-TILDA School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Ian D. Maidment, PhD, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK; Kathleen Bennett, PhD, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Jure Peklar, MPharm, School of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Niamh Mulryan, MB MRCPsych, IDS-TILDA School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Philip McCallion, PhD, Centre for Aging and Excellence in Community Wellness, University At Albany, New York, USA; Mary McCarron, PhD, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Martin C. Henman, PhD, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh Mulryan
- Máire O'Dwyer, PhD, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and IDS-TILDA School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Ian D. Maidment, PhD, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK; Kathleen Bennett, PhD, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Jure Peklar, MPharm, School of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Niamh Mulryan, MB MRCPsych, IDS-TILDA School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Philip McCallion, PhD, Centre for Aging and Excellence in Community Wellness, University At Albany, New York, USA; Mary McCarron, PhD, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Martin C. Henman, PhD, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Philip McCallion
- Máire O'Dwyer, PhD, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and IDS-TILDA School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Ian D. Maidment, PhD, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK; Kathleen Bennett, PhD, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Jure Peklar, MPharm, School of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Niamh Mulryan, MB MRCPsych, IDS-TILDA School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Philip McCallion, PhD, Centre for Aging and Excellence in Community Wellness, University At Albany, New York, USA; Mary McCarron, PhD, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Martin C. Henman, PhD, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary McCarron
- Máire O'Dwyer, PhD, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and IDS-TILDA School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Ian D. Maidment, PhD, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK; Kathleen Bennett, PhD, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Jure Peklar, MPharm, School of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Niamh Mulryan, MB MRCPsych, IDS-TILDA School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Philip McCallion, PhD, Centre for Aging and Excellence in Community Wellness, University At Albany, New York, USA; Mary McCarron, PhD, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Martin C. Henman, PhD, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Martin C Henman
- Máire O'Dwyer, PhD, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and IDS-TILDA School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Ian D. Maidment, PhD, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK; Kathleen Bennett, PhD, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Jure Peklar, MPharm, School of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Niamh Mulryan, MB MRCPsych, IDS-TILDA School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Philip McCallion, PhD, Centre for Aging and Excellence in Community Wellness, University At Albany, New York, USA; Mary McCarron, PhD, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Martin C. Henman, PhD, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hosking FJ, Carey IM, Shah SM, Harris T, DeWilde S, Beighton C, Cook DG. Mortality Among Adults With Intellectual Disability in England: Comparisons With the General Population. Am J Public Health 2016; 106:1483-90. [PMID: 27310347 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2016.303240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe mortality among adults with intellectual disability in England in comparison with the general population. METHODS We conducted a cohort study from 2009 to 2013 using data from 343 general practices. Adults with intellectual disability (n = 16 666; 656 deaths) were compared with age-, gender-, and practice-matched controls (n = 113 562; 1358 deaths). RESULTS Adults with intellectual disability had higher mortality rates than controls (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.3, 3.9). This risk remained high after adjustment for comorbidity, smoking, and deprivation (HR = 3.1; 95% CI = 2.7, 3.4); it was even higher among adults with intellectual disability and Down syndrome or epilepsy. A total of 37.0% of all deaths among adults with intellectual disability were classified as being amenable to health care intervention, compared with 22.5% in the general population (HR = 5.9; 95% CI = 5.1, 6.8). CONCLUSIONS Mortality among adults with intellectual disability is markedly elevated in comparison with the general population, with more than a third of deaths potentially amenable to health care interventions. This mortality disparity suggests the need to improve access to, and quality of, health care among people with intellectual disability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fay J Hosking
- At the time of the study, Fay J. Hosking, Iain M. Carey, Sunil M. Shah, Tess Harris, Stephen DeWilde, and Derek G. Cook were with the Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, England. Carole Beighton was with the Faculty of Heath Social Care and Education, Kingston and St George's, University of London
| | - Iain M Carey
- At the time of the study, Fay J. Hosking, Iain M. Carey, Sunil M. Shah, Tess Harris, Stephen DeWilde, and Derek G. Cook were with the Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, England. Carole Beighton was with the Faculty of Heath Social Care and Education, Kingston and St George's, University of London
| | - Sunil M Shah
- At the time of the study, Fay J. Hosking, Iain M. Carey, Sunil M. Shah, Tess Harris, Stephen DeWilde, and Derek G. Cook were with the Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, England. Carole Beighton was with the Faculty of Heath Social Care and Education, Kingston and St George's, University of London
| | - Tess Harris
- At the time of the study, Fay J. Hosking, Iain M. Carey, Sunil M. Shah, Tess Harris, Stephen DeWilde, and Derek G. Cook were with the Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, England. Carole Beighton was with the Faculty of Heath Social Care and Education, Kingston and St George's, University of London
| | - Stephen DeWilde
- At the time of the study, Fay J. Hosking, Iain M. Carey, Sunil M. Shah, Tess Harris, Stephen DeWilde, and Derek G. Cook were with the Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, England. Carole Beighton was with the Faculty of Heath Social Care and Education, Kingston and St George's, University of London
| | - Carole Beighton
- At the time of the study, Fay J. Hosking, Iain M. Carey, Sunil M. Shah, Tess Harris, Stephen DeWilde, and Derek G. Cook were with the Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, England. Carole Beighton was with the Faculty of Heath Social Care and Education, Kingston and St George's, University of London
| | - Derek G Cook
- At the time of the study, Fay J. Hosking, Iain M. Carey, Sunil M. Shah, Tess Harris, Stephen DeWilde, and Derek G. Cook were with the Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, England. Carole Beighton was with the Faculty of Heath Social Care and Education, Kingston and St George's, University of London
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tuffrey-Wijne I, Wicki M, Heslop P, McCarron M, Todd S, Oliver D, de Veer A, Ahlström G, Schäper S, Hynes G, O'Farrell J, Adler J, Riese F, Curfs L. Developing research priorities for palliative care of people with intellectual disabilities in Europe: a consultation process using nominal group technique. BMC Palliat Care 2016; 15:36. [PMID: 27009550 PMCID: PMC4806426 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-016-0108-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Empirical knowledge around palliative care provision and needs of people with intellectual disabilities is extremely limited, as is the availability of research resources, including expertise and funding. This paper describes a consultation process that sought to develop an agenda for research priorities for palliative care of people with intellectual disabilities in Europe. Methods A two-day workshop was convened, attended by 16 academics and clinicians in the field of palliative care and intellectual disability from six European countries. The first day consisted of round-table presentations and discussions about the current state of the art, research challenges and knowledge gaps. The second day was focused on developing consensus research priorities with 12 of the workshop participants using nominal group technique, a structured method which involved generating a list of research priorities and ranking them in order of importance. Results A total of 40 research priorities were proposed and collapsed into eleven research themes. The four most important research themes were: investigating issues around end of life decision making; mapping the scale and scope of the issue; investigating the quality of palliative care for people with intellectual disabilities, including the challenges in achieving best practice; and developing outcome measures and instruments for palliative care of people with intellectual disabilities. Conclusions The proposal of four major priority areas and a range of minor themes for future research in intellectual disability, death, dying and palliative care will help researchers to focus limited resources and research expertise on areas where it is most needed and support the building of collaborations. The next steps are to cross-validate these research priorities with people with intellectual disabilities, carers, clinicians, researchers and other stakeholders across Europe; to validate them with local and national policy makers to determine how they could best be incorporated in policy and programmes; and to translate them into actual research studies by setting up European collaborations for specific studies that require such collaboration, develop research proposals and attract research funding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Tuffrey-Wijne
- Kingston University & St George's University of London, Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK.
| | - M Wicki
- Internationale Hochschule für Heilpädagogik Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - P Heslop
- Norah Fry Research Centre, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - M McCarron
- Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Todd
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Cardiff, Newport, UK
| | - D Oliver
- Tizard Centre, University of Kent, Kent, UK
| | - A de Veer
- Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - S Schäper
- Department Muenster, Catholic University of Applied Sciences, Muenster, Germany
| | - G Hynes
- Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J O'Farrell
- Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Adler
- University of Applied Sciences of Special Needs Education, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - F Riese
- Division of Psychiatry Research and Psychogeriatric Medicine, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L Curfs
- Maastricht University Medical Centre, Governor Kremers Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fleming P, McGilloway S, Barry S. Day Service Provision for People with Intellectual Disabilities: A Case Study Mapping 15-Year Trends in Ireland. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2016; 30:383-394. [PMID: 26918272 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Day services for people with intellectual disabilities are experiencing a global paradigm shift towards innovative person-centred models of care. This study maps changing trends in day service utilization to highlight how policy, emergent patterns and demographic trends influence service delivery. METHODS National intellectual disability data (1998-2013) were analysed using WINPEPI software and mapped using QGIS Geographic Information System. RESULTS Statistically significant changes indicated fewer people availing of day services as a proportion of the general population; more males; fewer people aged <35; a doubling in person-centred plans; and an emerging urban/rural divide. Day services did not change substantially and often did not reflect demand. CONCLUSIONS Emergent trends can inform future direction of disability services. Government funds should support individualized models, more adaptive to changing trends. National databases need flexibility to respond to policy and user demands. Future research should focus on day service utilization of younger people and the impact of rurality on service availability, utilization, quality and migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Padraic Fleming
- Mental Health and Social Research Unit, Maynooth University Department of Psychology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Sinead McGilloway
- Mental Health and Social Research Unit, Maynooth University Department of Psychology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Sarah Barry
- Centre for Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
McCarron M, Carroll R, Kelly C, McCallion P. Mortality Rates in the General Irish Population Compared to those with an Intellectual Disability from 2003 to 2012. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2015; 28:406-13. [DOI: 10.1111/jar.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary McCarron
- Trinity College Dublin; College Green; Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Rachael Carroll
- School of Nursing and Midwifery Trinity College; College Green; Dublin 2 Ireland
| | | | - Philip McCallion
- Center for Excellence in Aging Services; School of Social Welfare; University at Albany; Albany NY USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pharmacists’ medicines-related interventions for people with intellectual disabilities: a narrative review. Int J Clin Pharm 2015; 37:566-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s11096-015-0113-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
20
|
Pezzoni V, Kouimtsidis C. Screening for alcohol misuse within people attending a psychiatric intellectual disability community service. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2015; 59:353-359. [PMID: 25351411 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is some evidence that people with intellectual disabilities (IDs) living in the community are exposed to the same risks of alcohol use as the rest of the population. The aims of this project were to investigate the prevalence of alcohol use disorders in patients with ID known to a psychiatric community specialist team, and to explore appropriate screening tools and any relationship between alcohol use disorders and mental health co-morbidities. METHOD A random sample of 40 patients was recruited and interviewed using CAGE and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) to assess alcohol use. Information on physical and mental health was also collected. RESULTS One in five patients was positive on CAGE (20%) and AUDIT (22.5%). Significantly more of those had a history of mental illness compared with those who were negative. Thirty per cent of the total sample had been diagnosed with at least one health condition, which clinical notes failed to report. In addition two out of three of those positive on CAGE or AUDIT were smokers. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that alcohol use disorders seem to be a hidden problem within the ID population, existing alongside multiple physical and mental health needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Pezzoni
- Learning Disabilities, Abbots Langley Unit, Watford, UK; Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Heslop P, Blair PS, Fleming P, Hoghton M, Marriott A, Russ L. The Confidential Inquiry into premature deaths of people with intellectual disabilities in the UK: a population-based study. Lancet 2014; 383:889-95. [PMID: 24332307 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(13)62026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Confidential Inquiry into premature deaths of people with intellectual disabilities in England was commissioned to provide evidence about contributory factors to avoidable and premature deaths in this population. METHODS The population-based Confidential Inquiry reviewed the deaths of people with intellectual disabilities aged 4 years and older who had been registered with a general practitioner in one of five Primary Care Trust areas of southwest England, who died between June 1, 2010, and May 31, 2012. A network of health, social-care, and voluntary-sector services; community contacts; and statutory agencies notified the Confidential Inquiry of all deaths of people with intellectual disabilities and provided core data. The Office for National Statistics provided data about the coding of individual cause of death certificates. Deaths were described as avoidable (preventable or amenable), according to Office for National Statistics definitions. Contributory factors to deaths were identified and quantified by the case investigator, verified by a local review panel meeting, and agreed by the Confidential Inquiry overview panel. Contributory factors were grouped into four domains: intrinsic to the individual, within the family and environment, care provision, and service provision. The deaths of a comparator group of people without intellectual disabilities but much the same in age, sex, and cause of death and registered at the same general practices as those with intellectual disabilities were also investigated. FINDINGS The Confidential Inquiry reviewed the deaths of 247 people with intellectual disabilities. Nearly a quarter (22%, 54) of people with intellectual disabilities were younger than 50 years when they died, and the median age at death was 64 years (IQR 52-75). The median age at death of male individuals with intellectual disabilities was 65 years (IQR 54-76), 13 years younger than the median age at death of male individuals in the general population of England and Wales (78 years). The median age at death of female individuals with intellectual disabilities was 63 years (IQR 54-75), 20 years younger than the median age at death for female individuals in the general population (83 years). Avoidable deaths from causes amenable to change by good quality health care were more common in people with intellectual disabilities (37%, 90 of 244) than in the general population of England and Wales (13%). Contributory factors to premature deaths in a subset of people with intellectual disabilities compared with a comparator group of people without intellectual disabilities included problems in advanced care planning (p=0·0003), adherence to the Mental Capacity Act (p=0·0008), living in inappropriate accommodation (p<0·0001), adjusting care as needs changed (p=0·009), and carers not feeling listened to (p=0·006). INTERPRETATION The Confidential Inquiry provides evidence of the substantial contribution of factors relating to the provision of care and health services to the health disparities between people with and without intellectual disabilities. It is imperative to examine care and service provision for this population as potentially contributory factors to their deaths--factors that can largely be ameliorated. FUNDING Department of Health for England.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Matthew Hoghton
- Clevedon Riverside Group, Clevedon Medical Centre, Clevedon, UK
| | | | - Lesley Russ
- Bristol City Public Health Team, Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kerr S, Lawrence M, Darbyshire C, Middleton AR, Fitzsimmons L. Tobacco and alcohol-related interventions for people with mild/moderate intellectual disabilities: a systematic review of the literature. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2013; 57:393-408. [PMID: 22458301 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2012.01543.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The behavioural determinants of health among people with mild/moderate intellectual disabilities (ID) are of increasing concern. With the closure of long-stay institutions, more people with ID are living in the community. As they lead more ordinary and less restricted lives, people with ID may be exposed to social and environmental pressures that encourage them to adopt behaviours that impact negatively on their health. Levels of smoking and alcohol consumption in this client group are of particular concern. METHODS We undertook a mixed method review of the literature, aiming to assess the Feasibility, Appropriateness, Meaningfulness and Effectiveness (FAME) of interventions designed to address the use of tobacco and/or alcohol in people with mild/moderate ID. Key electronic databases were searched (e.g., Medline, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, PsycINFO) from 1996 to 2011. The search was developed using appropriate subject headings and key words (e.g., intellectual disability, tobacco use, alcohol drinking, health promotion). On completion of the database searches, inclusion/exclusion criteria, based on an adaptation of the PICO framework (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes), were applied. Methodological quality was assessed using a seven-point rating scale. RESULTS Database searches identified 501 unique records, of which nine satisfied the inclusion criteria. Four focused on tobacco, three on alcohol and two on both tobacco and alcohol. Located in the U.K., the U.S.A. and Australia, the studies aimed to increase knowledge levels and/or change behaviour (e.g., to encourage smoking cessation). One was a randomised controlled trial, one a quasi-experiment and the others were before and after studies and/or case studies. Methodological quality was poor or moderate. The combined studies had a sample size of 341, with ages ranging from 14 to 54 years. The interventions were delivered by professionals (e.g., in health, social care, education) during sessions that spanned a period of three weeks to one academic year. The studies highlighted a number of important issues linked to the appropriateness of interventions for this client group (e.g., use of pictures, quizzes, role play, incentives); however, in the majority of cases the interventions appeared to lack a theoretical framework (e.g., behaviour change theory). The appropriateness of the outcome measures for use with this client group was not tested. One study discussed feasibility (teachers delivering lessons on alcohol and tobacco) and only one was informative in terms of effectiveness, i.e., increasing knowledge of the health and social dangers of smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS This review is the first to systematically collate evidence on tobacco and alcohol-related interventions for people with ID. While there is currently little evidence to guide practice, the review delivers clear insights for the development of interventions and presents a strong case for more robust research methods. In particular there is a need to test the effectiveness of interventions in large-scale, well-designed trials and to ensure that outcome measures are developed/tailored appropriately for this client group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Kerr
- Institute for Applied Health Research/School of Health & Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Le parcours de santé de l’enfant polyhandicapé. Arch Pediatr 2012; 19:105-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2011.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
24
|
McGuire BE, Daly P, Smyth F. Lifestyle and health behaviours of adults with an intellectual disability. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2007; 51:497-510. [PMID: 17537163 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2006.00915.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is currently no published research in Ireland on the health behaviours of adults with an intellectual disability (ID). With an increasing age profile and similar patterns of morbidity to the general population, the ID population would benefit from baseline data from which to establish risk factors. METHODS A questionnaire survey was carried out with 157 carers of people with an ID in the west of Ireland. RESULTS The results of this survey were compared with results of a health survey for the general population in the same region. The present survey found that 68% of the ID sample was overweight or obese. Levels of smoking (2.6%) and regular alcohol consumption (10.3%) were relatively low in comparison with the general population. However, participation in exercise and adherence to a healthy diet were poor. The level of resident choice and decision-making did not have any relationship to health behaviours nor did residential setting. Finally, there were no gender differences in health and lifestyle profiles. CONCLUSION The results of this study have important implications for health promotion interventions for people with an ID.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B E McGuire
- Department of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
McGuire BE, Whyte N, Hardardottir D. Alzheimer’s Disease in Down Syndrome and Intellectual Disability: A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/03033910.2006.10446235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|