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Gasparian A, Aksenova M, Oliver D, Levina E, Doran R, Lucius M, Piroli G, Oleinik N, Ogretmen B, Mythreye K, Frizzell N, Broude E, Wyatt MD, Shtutman M. Depletion of COPI in cancer cells: the role of reactive oxygen species in the induction of lipid accumulation, noncanonical lipophagy and apoptosis. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar135. [PMID: 36222847 PMCID: PMC9727790 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-08-0420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The coatomer protein complex 1 (COPI) is a multisubunit complex that coats intracellular vesicles and is involved in intracellular protein trafficking. Recently we and others found that depletion of COPI complex subunits zeta (COPZ1) and delta (ARCN1) preferentially kills tumor cells relative to normal cells. Here we delineate the specific cellular effects and sequence of events of COPI complex depletion in tumor cells. We find that this depletion leads to the inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and the elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, followed by accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs) and autophagy-associated proteins LC3-II and SQSTM1/p62 and, finally, apoptosis of the tumor cells. Inactivation of ROS in COPI-depleted cells with the mitochondrial-specific quencher, mitoquinone mesylate, attenuated apoptosis and markedly decreased both the size and the number of LDs. COPI depletion caused ROS-dependent accumulation of LC3-II and SQSTM1 which colocalizes with LDs. Lack of double-membrane autophagosomes and insensitivity to Atg5 deletion suggested an accumulation of a microlipophagy complex on the surface of LDs induced by depletion of the COPI complex. Our findings suggest a sequence of cellular events triggered by COPI depletion, starting with inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation, followed by ROS activation and accumulation of LDs and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Gasparian
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - M. Aksenova
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - D. Oliver
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - E. Levina
- Department of Biological Sciences College of Art and Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - R. Doran
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - M. Lucius
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - G. Piroli
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - N. Oleinik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - B. Ogretmen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - K. Mythreye
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233
| | - N. Frizzell
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - E. Broude
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - M. D. Wyatt
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - M. Shtutman
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208,*Address correspondence to: M. Shtutman ()
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Morrison C, J.Williams, Oliver D. Peripheral parenteral nutrition in adult acute care- Evaluation of a midline catheter service. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.02.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Rogers JP, Chesney E, Oliver D, Begum N, Saini A, Wang S, McGuire P, Fusar-Poli P, Lewis G, David AS. Suicide, self-harm and thoughts of suicide or self-harm in infectious disease epidemics: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2021; 30:e32. [PMID: 33902775 PMCID: PMC7610720 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796021000214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Suicide accounts for 2.2% of all years of life lost worldwide. We aimed to establish whether infectious epidemics are associated with any changes in the incidence of suicide or the period prevalence of self-harm, or thoughts of suicide or self-harm, with a secondary objective of establishing the frequency of these outcomes. METHODS In this systematic review and meta-analysis, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and AMED were searched from inception to 9 September 2020. Studies of infectious epidemics reporting outcomes of (a) death by suicide, (b) self-harm or (c) thoughts of suicide or self-harm were identified. A random-effects model meta-analysis for the period prevalence of thoughts of suicide or self-harm was conducted. RESULTS In total, 1354 studies were screened with 57 meeting eligibility criteria, of which 7 described death by suicide, 9 by self-harm, and 45 thoughts of suicide or self-harm. The observation period ranged from 1910 to 2020 and included epidemics of Spanish Flu, severe acute respiratory syndrome, human monkeypox, Ebola virus disease and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Regarding death by suicide, data with a clear longitudinal comparison group were available for only two epidemics: SARS in Hong Kong, finding an increase in suicides among the elderly, and COVID-19 in Japan, finding no change in suicides among children and adolescents. In terms of self-harm, five studies examined emergency department attendances in epidemic and non-epidemic periods, of which four found no difference and one showed a reduction during the epidemic. In studies of thoughts of suicide or self-harm, one large survey showed a substantial increase in period prevalence compared to non-epidemic periods, but smaller studies showed no difference. As a secondary objective, a meta-analysis of thoughts of suicide and self-harm found that the pooled prevalence was 8.0% overall (95% confidence interval (CI) 5.2-12.0%; 14 820 of 99 238 cases in 24 studies) over a time period of between seven days and six months. The quality assessment found 42 studies were of high quality, nine of moderate quality and six of high quality. CONCLUSIONS There is little robust evidence on the association of infectious epidemics with suicide, self-harm and thoughts of suicide or self-harm. There was an increase in suicides among the elderly in Hong Kong during SARS and no change in suicides among young people in Japan during COVID-19, but it is unclear how far these findings may be generalised. The development of up-to-date self-harm and suicide statistics to monitor the effect of the current pandemic is an urgent priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. P. Rogers
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - E. Chesney
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - D. Oliver
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - N. Begum
- GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A. Saini
- Medical School, University College London, London, UK
| | - S. Wang
- Department of Psychology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - P. McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - P. Fusar-Poli
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - G. Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - A. S. David
- UCL Institute of Mental Health, University College London, London, UK
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Solari A, Giordano A, Sastre-Garriga J, Köpke S, Rahn AC, Kleiter I, Aleksovska K, Battaglia MA, Bay J, Copetti M, Drulovic J, Kooij L, Mens J, Meza Murillo ER, Milanov I, Milo R, Pekmezovic T, Vosburgh J, Silber E, Veronese S, Patti F, Voltz R, Oliver D. EAN guideline on palliative care of people with severe, progressive multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol 2020; 27:1510-1529. [PMID: 32469447 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Patients with severe, progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) have complex physical and psychosocial needs, typically over several years. Few treatment options are available to prevent or delay further clinical worsening in this population. The objective was to develop an evidence-based clinical practice guideline for the palliative care of patients with severe, progressive MS. METHODS This guideline was developed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology. Formulation of the clinical questions was performed in the Patients-Intervention-Comparator-Outcome format, involving patients, carers and healthcare professionals (HPs). No uniform definition of severe MS exists: in this guideline, constant bilateral support required to walk 20 m without resting (Expanded Disability Status Scale score > 6.0) or higher disability is referred to. When evidence was lacking for this population, recommendations were formulated using indirect evidence or good practice statements were devised. RESULTS Ten clinical questions were formulated. They encompassed general and specialist palliative care, advance care planning, discussing with HPs the patient's wish to hasten death, symptom management, multidisciplinary rehabilitation, interventions for caregivers and interventions for HPs. A total of 34 recommendations (33 weak, 1 strong) and seven good practice statements were devised. CONCLUSIONS The provision of home-based palliative care (either general or specialist) is recommended with weak strength for patients with severe, progressive MS. Further research on the integration of palliative care and MS care is needed. Areas that currently lack evidence of efficacy in this population include advance care planning, the management of symptoms such as fatigue and mood problems, and interventions for caregivers and HPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Solari
- Unit of Neuroepidemiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - A Giordano
- Unit of Neuroepidemiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.,Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - J Sastre-Garriga
- Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Köpke
- Institute of Clinical Nursing Science, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A C Rahn
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - I Kleiter
- Marianne-Strauß-Klinik, Behandlungszentrum Kempfenhausen für Multiple Sklerose Kranke gGmbH, Berg, Germany
| | | | - M A Battaglia
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - J Bay
- Multiple Sclerosis International Federation, People with MS Advisory Committee, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Copetti
- Unit of Biostatistics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - J Drulovic
- Clinic of Neurology, CCS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - L Kooij
- Nieuw Unicum, Zandvoort, The Netherlands
| | - J Mens
- Nieuw Unicum, Zandvoort, The Netherlands
| | - E R Meza Murillo
- Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Milanov
- Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - R Milo
- Department of Neurology, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - T Pekmezovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - J Vosburgh
- Israel Multiple Sclerosis Society, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - E Silber
- Department of Neurology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - S Veronese
- FARO Charitable Foundation, Turin, Italy
| | - F Patti
- Neurology Clinic, Multiple Sclerosis Centre, University Hospital Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | - R Voltz
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Health Services Research (ZVFK), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - D Oliver
- The Tizard Centre, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
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Oliver D. Palliative care in neurology – Collaboration. J Neurol Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.10.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Oliver D, Morrison C. Nutrition in the real world – patient outcomes from a multidisciplinary nutrition clinic in a large district general hospital (non-intestinal failure) setting in the UK. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Li B, Ahmad S, Oliver D, Ashour A, Beukes A, Ellis A, Ockwell N, McKenna E, Cartwright A, Jarvis M. Outcomes of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, percutaneous endoscopic gastropexy gastrostomy and radiologically inserted gastrostomy in patients at a district general hospital in 2016. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Oliver D, Kotlicka-Antczak M, Minichino A, Spada G, McGuire P, Fusar-Poli P. Meta-analytical prognostic accuracy of the Comprehensive Assessment of at Risk Mental States (CAARMS): The need for refined prediction. Eur Psychiatry 2018; 49:62-68. [PMID: 29413807 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary indicated prevention is reliant on accurate tools to predict the onset of psychosis. The gold standard assessment for detecting individuals at clinical high risk (CHR-P) for psychosis in the UK and many other countries is the Comprehensive Assessment for At Risk Mental States (CAARMS). While the prognostic accuracy of CHR-P instruments has been assessed in general, this is the first study to specifically analyse that of the CAARMS. As such, the CAARMS was used as the index test, with the reference index being psychosis onset within 2 years. Six independent studies were analysed using MIDAS (STATA 14), with a total of 1876 help-seeking subjects referred to high risk services (CHR-P+: n=892; CHR-P-: n=984). Area under the curve (AUC), summary receiver operating characteristic curves (SROC), quality assessment, likelihood ratios, and probability modified plots were computed, along with sensitivity analyses and meta-regressions. The current meta-analysis confirmed that the 2-year prognostic accuracy of the CAARMS is only acceptable (AUC=0.79 95% CI: 0.75-0.83) and not outstanding as previously reported. In particular, specificity was poor. Sensitivity of the CAARMS is inferior compared to the SIPS, while specificity is comparably low. However, due to the difficulties in performing these types of studies, power in this meta-analysis was low. These results indicate that refining and improving the prognostic accuracy of the CAARMS should be the mainstream area of research for the next era. Avenues of prediction improvement are critically discussed and presented to better benefit patients and improve outcomes of first episode psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Oliver
- Early Psychosis: Interventions & Clinical-detection (EPIC) lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
| | - M Kotlicka-Antczak
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Lodz, Poland
| | - A Minichino
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - G Spada
- Early Psychosis: Interventions & Clinical-detection (EPIC) lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - P McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies, IoPPN, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom; OASIS Service, South London and the Maudsley NHS National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, IoPPN, King's College London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - P Fusar-Poli
- Early Psychosis: Interventions & Clinical-detection (EPIC) lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom; OASIS Service, South London and the Maudsley NHS National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, IoPPN, King's College London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
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Fusar-Poli P, Palombini E, Davies C, Oliver D, Bonoldi I, Ramella-Cravaro V, McGuire P. Why transition risk to psychosis is not declining at the OASIS ultra high risk service: The hidden role of stable pretest risk enrichment. Schizophr Res 2018; 192:385-390. [PMID: 28734908 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reason for declining risk to psychosis across individuals assessed and meeting Ultra High Risk (UHR) criteria is still unclear. No studies have investigated the potential substantial role of the underlying risk enrichment across all the individuals undergoing an UHR assessment. METHODS Cohort study including all non-psychotic subjects who were assessed on suspicion of psychosis risk by the OASIS UHR service in the period 2001 to 2015. Posttest (after UHR assessment) and pretest risk (before UHR assessment) of psychosis were stratified and compared across three time periods (2001-2005, 2006-2010, 2011-2015) with Cox analysis and modulating factors were investigated. RESULTS The posttest risk of psychosis at the OASIS service has increased from the initial pilot years of the service (2001-2005) and then stabilised and not declined over the following decade (2006-2010 and 2011-2015). This was paralleled by a similar course of pretest risk for psychosis. Stability of pretest risk for psychosis over the past decade was associated with a lack of change in ethnicity and to counterweighting changes in the type of referral sources over different time periods. CONCLUSIONS The time course of transition risk to psychosis in UHR services is strictly associated with the time course of pretest risk enrichment. If the latter remains stable over time, as for the OASIS service, no declining transition risk is observed over the most recent years. Pretest risk enrichment is determined by recruitment and sampling strategies. This study confirms the need to control these factors in the UHR field.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Fusar-Poli
- Early Psychosis: Interventions & Clinical-detection (EPIC) lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom; OASIS Service, South London and the Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
| | - E Palombini
- Early Psychosis: Interventions & Clinical-detection (EPIC) lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
| | - C Davies
- Early Psychosis: Interventions & Clinical-detection (EPIC) lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
| | - D Oliver
- Early Psychosis: Interventions & Clinical-detection (EPIC) lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
| | - I Bonoldi
- Early Psychosis: Interventions & Clinical-detection (EPIC) lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom; OASIS Service, South London and the Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - V Ramella-Cravaro
- Early Psychosis: Interventions & Clinical-detection (EPIC) lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
| | - P McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
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Oliver D. Palliative care in ALS. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Oliver D, Bloch S. The use of augmentative and alternative communication aids for people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Oliver D, McDermott C. Multidisciplinary care in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis – the evidence for effectiveness. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Oliver D. DEVELOPING ACUTE FRAILTY MODELS IN UK HEALTH SYSTEMS. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D. Oliver
- Royal College of Physicians of London, London, United Kingdom
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14
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Fusar-Poli P, Tantardini M, De Simone S, Ramella-Cravaro V, Oliver D, Kingdon J, Kotlicka-Antczak M, Valmaggia L, Lee J, Millan M, Galderisi S, Balottin U, Ricca V, McGuire P. Deconstructing Vulnerability for Psychosis: Meta-Analysis of Environmental Risk Factors for Psychosis in Subjects at Ultra High-Risk. Eur Psychiatry 2016; 40:65-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundSubjects at ultra high-risk (UHR) for psychosis have an enhanced vulnerability to develop the disorder but the risk factors accounting for this accrued risk are undetermined.MethodSystematic review of associations between genetic or environmental risk factors for psychosis that are widely established in the literature and UHR state, based on comparisons to controls.ResultsForty-four studies encompassing 170 independent datasets and 54 risk factors were included. There were no studies on association between genetic or epigenetic risk factors and the UHR state that met the inclusion criteria. UHR subjects were more likely to show obstetric complications, tobacco use, physical inactivity, childhood trauma/emotional abuse/physical neglect, high perceived stress, childhood and adolescent low functioning, affective comorbidities, male gender, single status, unemployment and low educational level as compared to controls.ConclusionsThe increased vulnerability of UHR subjects can be related to environmental risk factors like childhood trauma, adverse life events and affective dysfunction. The role of genetic and epigenetic risk factors awaits clarification.
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Tuffrey-Wijne I, Wicki M, Heslop P, McCarron M, Todd S, Oliver D, de Veer A, Ahlström G, Schäper S, Hynes G, O'Farrell J, Adler J, Riese F, Curfs L. Developing research priorities for palliative care of people with intellectual disabilities in Europe: a consultation process using nominal group technique. BMC Palliat Care 2016; 15:36. [PMID: 27009550 PMCID: PMC4806426 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-016-0108-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Empirical knowledge around palliative care provision and needs of people with intellectual disabilities is extremely limited, as is the availability of research resources, including expertise and funding. This paper describes a consultation process that sought to develop an agenda for research priorities for palliative care of people with intellectual disabilities in Europe. Methods A two-day workshop was convened, attended by 16 academics and clinicians in the field of palliative care and intellectual disability from six European countries. The first day consisted of round-table presentations and discussions about the current state of the art, research challenges and knowledge gaps. The second day was focused on developing consensus research priorities with 12 of the workshop participants using nominal group technique, a structured method which involved generating a list of research priorities and ranking them in order of importance. Results A total of 40 research priorities were proposed and collapsed into eleven research themes. The four most important research themes were: investigating issues around end of life decision making; mapping the scale and scope of the issue; investigating the quality of palliative care for people with intellectual disabilities, including the challenges in achieving best practice; and developing outcome measures and instruments for palliative care of people with intellectual disabilities. Conclusions The proposal of four major priority areas and a range of minor themes for future research in intellectual disability, death, dying and palliative care will help researchers to focus limited resources and research expertise on areas where it is most needed and support the building of collaborations. The next steps are to cross-validate these research priorities with people with intellectual disabilities, carers, clinicians, researchers and other stakeholders across Europe; to validate them with local and national policy makers to determine how they could best be incorporated in policy and programmes; and to translate them into actual research studies by setting up European collaborations for specific studies that require such collaboration, develop research proposals and attract research funding.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Tuffrey-Wijne
- Kingston University & St George's University of London, Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK.
| | - M Wicki
- Internationale Hochschule für Heilpädagogik Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - P Heslop
- Norah Fry Research Centre, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - M McCarron
- Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Todd
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Cardiff, Newport, UK
| | - D Oliver
- Tizard Centre, University of Kent, Kent, UK
| | - A de Veer
- Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - S Schäper
- Department Muenster, Catholic University of Applied Sciences, Muenster, Germany
| | - G Hynes
- Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J O'Farrell
- Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Adler
- University of Applied Sciences of Special Needs Education, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - F Riese
- Division of Psychiatry Research and Psychogeriatric Medicine, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L Curfs
- Maastricht University Medical Centre, Governor Kremers Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Olson SW, Yoon S, Baker T, Prince LK, Oliver D, Abbott KC. Longitudinal plasma metanephrines preceding pheochromocytoma diagnosis: a retrospective case-control serum repository study. Eur J Endocrinol 2016; 174:289-95. [PMID: 26671972 DOI: 10.1530/eje-15-0651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Plasma metanephrines (PMN) are highly sensitive for diagnosis of pheochromocytoma, but the natural history of PMN before pheochromocytoma diagnosis has not been previously described. The aim of the study was to compare the progression of PMN before pheochromocytoma diagnosis to matched healthy and essential hypertension disease controls. DESIGN A retrospective case-control Department of Defense Serum Repository (DoDSR) study. METHODS We performed a DoDSR study that compared three longitudinal pre-diagnostic PMN for 30 biopsy-proven pheochromocytoma cases to three longitudinal PMN for age, sex, race, and age of serum sample matched healthy and essential hypertension disease controls. Predominant metanephrine (MN) or normetanephrine (NMN) production was identified for each case and converted to a percentage of the upper limit of normal to allow analysis of all cases together. PMN were measured by Quest Diagnostics. RESULTS The predominant plasma metanephrine (PPM) was >100 and 300% of the upper limit of normal a median of 6.6 and 4.1 years before diagnosis respectively. A greater percentage of pheochromocytoma patients had a PPM >100 and >300% of the upper limit of normal compared with combined healthy and essential hypertension disease controls <2, 2-8, and >8 years prior to diagnosis. For patients with a baseline PPM 90-300% of the upper limit of normal, a 25% rate of rise per year was 100% specific for pheochromocytoma. CONCLUSIONS PPMs elevate years before diagnosis which suggests that delayed diagnoses are common. For mild PMN elevations, follow-up longitudinal PMN trends may provide a highly specific and economical diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - T Baker
- Department of NephrologyWalter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20889, USADepartment Chief, Joint Pathology Center606 Stephen Sitter Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, USAThe National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | | | | | - K C Abbott
- Department of NephrologyWalter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20889, USADepartment Chief, Joint Pathology Center606 Stephen Sitter Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, USAThe National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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McDermott MSJ, Györffy B, Chumanevich AA, Kaza V, Porter DC, Catroppo JF, Chen M, Oliver D, Shtutman M, Roninson IB, Broude EV. Abstract P5-04-07: CDK8 protein complex as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in breast cancer. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs15-p5-04-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) and its paralog CDK19 are transcriptional regulators that, in complex with CCNC, MED12 and MED13, mediate several carcinogenic signalling pathways such as NFκβ, TGFβ/BMP, WNT/β-catenin, HIF1A and serum growth factor network. Using immunohistochemical analysis, we found that CDK8/19 protein is overexpressed in invasive ductal carcinomas of the breast relative to non-malignant mammary tissues. TCGA database analysis showed that gene amplification is the most frequent type of genetic alterations of CDK8, CDK19, CCNC and MED13 in breast cancers, with MED13 appearing as one of the most frequently amplified genes in breast cancer (amplified in 9.7% of samples), whereas point mutations are more common in MED12. CDK8, CDK19 and CCNC expression was strongly increased but MED12 expression was decreased in tumors with mutant p53. Meta-analysis of transcriptome databases revealed that higher expression of CDK8, CDK19, CCNC and MED13 (but not MED12) is associated with shorter relapse-free survival (RFS) in the four molecular subtypes of breast cancer. The RFS correlations were much stronger in patients who underwent systemic adjuvant therapy than in untreated patients, suggesting that CDK8 and its interactive genes impact the failure of systemic therapy. This result is in agreement with the role of CDK8 as a mediator of the chemotherapy-induced paracrine network that promotes drug resistance and metastasis (Porter et al., PNAS, 109, 13799, 2012) and with our finding that a small-molecule CDK8/19 inhibitor augmented the efficacy of doxorubicin in a triple-negative breast cancer xenograft model. The expression levels of CDK8, CDK19, CCNC and MED13 in breast cancer samples were directly correlated with each other and with the expression of MYC but inversely correlated with estrogen receptor (ER)α expression. Since MYC is known to be a positive downstream mediator of the ER activity, we hypothesized that CDK8 may play a similar role, with an increase in CDK8 augmenting estrogen mitogenic signalling in tumors with decreased ER. Confirming this hypothesis, we have found that CDK8 inhibition by selective small-molecule CDK8/19 inhibitors or by shRNA knockdown suppresses estrogen-induced transcription in ER-positive breast cancer cell lines. CDK8/19 inhibition abrogates the mitogenic effect of estrogen on ER-positive cells and synergizes with the ER antagonist fulvestrant. Treatment of estrogen-deprived ER-positive cells with a CDK8/19 inhibitor significantly impeded the outgrowth of estrogen-independent cells, to a greater extent than did mTOR or HER2 targeted drugs. These results indicate that the expression of CDK8 and its interactive genes has a profound impact on the response to treatment in breast cancer and may provide novel biomarkers for relapse-free survival after adjuvant therapy. CDK8/19 inhibition may be useful to augment chemotherapy and hormone therapy of breast cancer and to prevent the development of tumors resistant to estrogen deprivation.
Citation Format: McDermott MSJ, Györffy B, Chumanevich AA, Kaza V, Porter DC, Catroppo JF, Chen M, Oliver D, Shtutman M, Roninson IB, Broude EV. CDK8 protein complex as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-04-07.
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Affiliation(s)
- MSJ McDermott
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group; MTA-SE Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group; Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Senex Biotechnology, Inc., Columbia, SC
| | - B Györffy
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group; MTA-SE Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group; Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Senex Biotechnology, Inc., Columbia, SC
| | - AA Chumanevich
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group; MTA-SE Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group; Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Senex Biotechnology, Inc., Columbia, SC
| | - V Kaza
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group; MTA-SE Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group; Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Senex Biotechnology, Inc., Columbia, SC
| | - DC Porter
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group; MTA-SE Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group; Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Senex Biotechnology, Inc., Columbia, SC
| | - JF Catroppo
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group; MTA-SE Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group; Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Senex Biotechnology, Inc., Columbia, SC
| | - M Chen
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group; MTA-SE Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group; Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Senex Biotechnology, Inc., Columbia, SC
| | - D Oliver
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group; MTA-SE Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group; Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Senex Biotechnology, Inc., Columbia, SC
| | - M Shtutman
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group; MTA-SE Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group; Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Senex Biotechnology, Inc., Columbia, SC
| | - IB Roninson
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group; MTA-SE Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group; Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Senex Biotechnology, Inc., Columbia, SC
| | - EV Broude
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group; MTA-SE Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group; Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Senex Biotechnology, Inc., Columbia, SC
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Oliver D, Ledger J, Davidson B, Thompson N. Developing regional nutrition team training across the North-East of England: reporting on the first nutrition team course run by the Northern Nutrition Network. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2015; 10:e194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2015.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Oliver D. Withdrawal and withholding of treatment - at the end of life. J Neurol Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.09.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Michael A, Oliver D, Nightingale P. P-077: Abbreviated Mental Test (AMT) 10; Specificity and sensitivity of the questions. Eur Geriatr Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1878-7649(15)30180-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Bashir N, King H, Oliver D. 20 * A PROACTIVE OUTREACH GERIATRIC ASSESSMENT SERVICE FOR OLDER HOSPITAL PATIENTS OUTSIDE ELDERLY CARE WARDS. Age Ageing 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afu124.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Cawley D, Billings J, Oliver D, Kendall M, Pinnock H. Potential triggers for the holistic assessment of people with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: analysis of multiperspective, serial qualitative interviews. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2014; 4:152-160. [PMID: 24681560 DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2013-000629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study explores the narrative accounts of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to identify events that potentially could act as triggers for provision of supportive and palliative care. Trigger events must have meaning for the patient/carer, be visible to professionals, and have value in provoking useful actions. METHODS A purposive sample of people with severe COPD, and their informal and professional carers, was recruited from primary/secondary care in Scotland. Indepth participant-led interviews allowed people to tell their illness story. Events occurring throughout the individual's account of the COPD journey were identified, and analysed thematically with regard to the meaning, visibility and use as potential triggers. RESULTS Events identified from 92 transcripts (21 patients, 13 family carers, 18 professionals) punctuated the disease trajectory and crossed multiprofessional boundaries of care. These reflected advancing disease (increasing carer burden, becoming housebound, appointment frequency, increasing burden of disease, shifting priorities of care) or were an intervention addressing the consequences of advancing disease (requesting disabled parking, home adaptations, hospital admissions). Despite being meaningful in terms of increasing disability, many were invisible to professionals. Others were isolated events symptomatic of wider, ongoing disability which could potentially have use as triggers. CONCLUSIONS Meaningful events can be identified within the story of COPD which reflect wider needs, are clearly visible to alert professionals, and be of use in terms of potentially guiding supportive interventions. To achieve this level of usefulness, services will need to promote health and social care integration with clear processes to facilitate holistic assessment when a trigger is detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cawley
- Centre for Professional Practice, University of Kent, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK
| | - J Billings
- Reader in Applied Health Research, Centre for Health Services Studies, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK
| | - D Oliver
- Honorary Reader / Consultant in Palliative Medicine, Centre for Professional Practice, University of Kent, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK
| | - M Kendall
- Senior research Fellow, Primary Palliative Care Research Group, Centre for Population Health Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - H Pinnock
- Reader, Allergy and Respiratory Research Group, Centre for Population Health Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK
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Armstrong A, Powell C, Powell R, Hallam N, Taylor J, Bird J, Sarran C, Oliver D. Are we seeing the effects of public awareness campaigns? A 10-year analysis of Breslow thickness at presentation of malignant melanoma in the South West of England. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2013; 67:324-30. [PMID: 24434052 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2013.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The last 20 years has seen a marked improvement in skin cancer awareness campaigns. We sought to establish whether this has affected the presenting Breslow thickness of malignant melanoma in the South West. METHOD This is a retrospective study looking at the first presentation of melanomas from 2003 to 2011. Data was accessed using the local online melanoma database. RESULTS A total of 2001 new melanomas presented from 2003 to 2012 (Male:Female = 1:1.062). The average yearly number of melanomas was 200.1 (range = 138-312). The mean age was 62.5 years (range 12-99). Data was analysed using a Chi² test. For 0-1 mm melanomas, there is a significant difference in the observed versus expected values over the 10 years (p = 0.0018). There is an increasing proportion of 0-1 mm (thin) melanomas presenting year on year, with a positive linear trend. This is very statistically significant (p < 0.0001). The 1-2 mm melanomas are decreasing in proportion with a negative linear trend (p = 0.0013). The 2-4 mm are also decreasing in proportion (p = 0.0253). There is no significant change in the thick >4 mm melanomas (p = 0.1456). CONCLUSION The proportion of thin 0-1 mm melanomas presenting in South West England has significantly increased from 2003 to 2012. There is no significant change in the thick >4 mm melanomas. This may be a result of increased public awareness due to effective public health campaigns which has significant prognostic and financial implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Armstrong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK.
| | - C Powell
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK; Specialist Training Registrar in Plastic Surgery, Frenchay Hospital, Frenchay Park Rd, Bristol, South Gloucestershire BS16 1LE, UK
| | - R Powell
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK; Research Design Consultant, Research Design Service (RDS) South West, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK
| | - N Hallam
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK; Cancer Audit Facilitator, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK
| | - J Taylor
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK; Department of Radiology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK
| | - J Bird
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK; Research Fellow ENT Surgery, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Hampshire SO16 6YD, UK
| | - C Sarran
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK; Heath Research Analyst, Met Office, Fitzroy Road, Exeter, Devon EX1 3PB, UK
| | - D Oliver
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK; Consultant Plastic Surgeon, Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK
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McGonagle D, McKenna F, Maher T, Kavanagh R, Cunningham AM, Lee M, Grosart R, Wakefield R, Kane D, Schmidt W, Young T, Ndosi M, Lewis M, Hale C, Bird H, Ryan S, Quinn H, McIvor E, Taylor J, Burbage G, Bond D, White J, Chagadama D, Green S, Kay L, Pace AV, Bejarano V, Emery P, Hill J, Hurley M, Porcheret M, Hart O, Oliver D, Coates L, Backhouse M, Coates L, Pickles D, Chamberlain V, Partridge K, Pickles D, Keat A, Maddison P, Taylor P, Dillon A, Chapman V, Pincus T, Shelton D, Ballestar E, Loughlin J, Tak PP, Prinjha R, Regan L, D'Cruz D, Jones G, Lewis J, den Hollander M, Goossens M, de Jong J, Smeets R, Vlaeyen J, Ioannou J, McDonagh J, Clinch J, Pilkington C, Siebert S, Martindale J, Beevor C, Jeffries C, Deighton C, Nye A, Cook D, Taylor P, Firth J, Pickles D, Chamberlain V, Taylor P, Emery P. Essentials in Rheumatology: Disease Management * I29. Recognition and Management of the Auto-Inflammatory Diseases. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ket194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- D Oliver
- School of Community and Health Sciences, City University, London.
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Bede P, Oliver D, Stodart J, van den Berg L, Simmons Z, Brannagain DO, Borasio GD, Hardiman O. Palliative care in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a review of current international guidelines and initiatives. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2011; 1:343-8. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare.2010.232637.rep] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Hill AM, Hoffmann T, McPhail S, Beer C, Hill KD, Oliver D, Brauer SG, Haines TP. Evaluation of the Sustained Effect of Inpatient Falls Prevention Education and Predictors of Falls After Hospital Discharge--Follow-up to a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2011; 66:1001-12. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glr085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Hill AM, Hoffmann T, Beer C, McPhail S, Hill KD, Oliver D, Brauer SG, Haines TP. Falls After Discharge From Hospital: Is There a Gap Between Older Peoples' Knowledge About Falls Prevention Strategies and the Research Evidence? The Gerontologist 2011; 51:653-62. [DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnr052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Grogan E, Beattie R, Campbell C, George R, Harlow T, MacGregor B, Oliver D, Thorns A, Noble B. End-of-life decisions in the United Kingdom involving medical practitioners and legalisation of euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide: survey of doctors' attitudes. Palliat Med 2009; 23:569. [PMID: 19460833 DOI: 10.1177/0269216309106458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Grogan
- Palliative Medicine, Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Shields; On behalf of the Ethics Committee of the Association of Palliative Medicine
| | - R Beattie
- Palliative Medicine, St John’s Hospice, Lancaster, UK
| | | | - R George
- Guy’s & St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK; Biomedical Ethics, UCL
| | | | - B MacGregor
- Specialist Registrar Palliative Medicine, Myton Hamlet Hospice, Warwick, UK
| | - D Oliver
- Consultant and Honorary Senior Lecturer Palliative Medicine, Wisdom Hospice, Rochester, Kent, UK
| | - A Thorns
- Consultant and Honorary Senior Lecturer Palliative Medicine, Pilgrims Hospice and East Kent NHS Trust, Margate, Kent, UK
| | - B Noble
- Macmillan Senior Lecturer in Palliative Medicine, Sykes House, Sheffield Sykes House, Sheffield
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Oliver D, Killick S, Even T, Willmott M. Do falls and falls-injuries in hospital indicate negligent care -- and how big is the risk? A retrospective analysis of the NHS Litigation Authority Database of clinical negligence claims, resulting from falls in hospitals in England 1995 to 2006. Qual Saf Health Care 2009; 17:431-6. [PMID: 19064658 DOI: 10.1136/qshc.2007.024703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accidental falls are very common in older hospital patients -- accounting for 32% of reported adult patient safety incidents in UK National Health Service (NHS) hospitals and occurring with similar frequency in settings internationally. In countries where the population is ageing, and care is provided in inpatient settings, falls prevention is therefore a significant and growing risk-management issue. Falls may lead to a variety of harms and costs, are cited in formal complaints and can lead to claims of clinical negligence. The NHS Litigation Authority (NHSLA) negligence claims database provides a novel opportunity to systematically analyse such (falls-related) claims made against NHS organisations in England and to learn lessons for risk-management systems and claims recording. OBJECTIVES To describe the circumstances and injuries most frequently cited in falls-related claims; to investigate any association between the financial impact (total cost), and the circumstances of or injuries resulting from falls in "closed" claims; to draw lessons for falls risk management and for future data capture on falls incidents and resulting claims analysis; to identify priorities for future research. METHODS A keyword search was run on the NHSLA claims database for April 1995 to February 2006, to identify all claims apparently relating to falls. Claims were excluded from further analysis if, on scrutiny, they had not resulted from falls, or if they were still "open" (ie, unresolved). From the narrative descriptions of closed claims (ie, those for which the financial outcome was known), we developed categories of "principal" and "secondary" injury/harm and "principal" and "contributory" circumstance of falls. For each category, it was determined whether cases had resulted in payment and what total payments (damages and costs) were awarded. The proportions of contribution-specific injuries or circumstances to the number of cases and to the overall costs incurred were compared in order to identify circumstances that tend to be more costly. Means were compared and tested through analysis of variance (ANOVA). The association between categorical variables was tested using the chi-square test. RESULTS Of 668 claims identified by word search, 646 met inclusion criteria. The results presented are for the 479 of these that were "closed" at the time of the census. Of these, 290 (60.5%) had resulted in payment of costs or damages, with the overall total payment being 6,200,737 pound (mean payment 12,945 pound). All claims were settled out of court, so no legal rulings on establishing liability or causation of injury are available. "Falls whilst walking;" "from beds or trolleys" ("with and without bedrails applied") or "transferring/from a chair" were the most frequent source of these claims (n = 308, 64.2%). Clear secondary contributory circumstances were identified in 190 (39.7%) of closed claims. The most common circumstances cited were "perioperative/procedural incidents" (60, 12.5%) and "requests for bedrails being ignored" (54, 11.3%). For primary injuries, "hip/femoral/pelvic fracture" accounted for 203 (42.4%) of closed claims with total payments of 3,228,781 pound (52.1% of all payments), with a mean payment 15,905 pound per closed case. A "secondary" contributory circumstance could be attributed in 133 (27.8%) of cases. Of these, "delay in diagnosis of injury," "recurrent falls during admission" and "fatalities relating to falls" were the commonest circumstances (n = 59, 12.2%). DISCUSSION Although falls are the highest volume patient safety incident reported in hospital trusts in England, they result in a relatively small number of negligence claims and receive a relatively low total payment (0.019% in both cases). The mean payment in closed claims is also relatively small. This may reflect the high average age of the people who fall and difficulty in establishing causation, especially where individuals are already frail when they fall. The patterns of claims and the narrative descriptions provide wider lessons for improving risk-management strategies. However, the inherent limitations and biases in the data routinely recorded for legal purposes suggest that for more informative research or actuarial claims analysis, more comprehensive and systematic data to be recorded for each incident claim are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Oliver
- School of Health and Social Care and Institute of Health Sciences, University of Reading, London Road Campus, Reading, UK.
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Healey F, Scobie S, Oliver D, Pryce A, Thomson R, Glampson B. Falls in English and Welsh hospitals: a national observational study based on retrospective analysis of 12 months of patient safety incident reports. Qual Saf Health Care 2009; 17:424-30. [PMID: 19064657 DOI: 10.1136/qshc.2007.024695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Falls in hospital inpatients are common, with reported rates ranging from 3 to 14 per 1,000 bed days. They cause physical and psychological harm, are associated with impaired rehabilitation, increased length of stay and excess cost, and lead to complaints and litigation, making them a crucial area for risk management. A National Reporting and Learning System (NRLS) for patient safety incidents in England and Wales was utilised to examine frequency of falls in hospitals specialising in acute care, rehabilitation and mental health; related harm; timing; age and gender of patients who fell; and to draw general lessons from this which might inform fall-prevention strategies. METHODS The NRLS database was searched retrospectively for slips, trips and falls occurring between 1 September 2005 and 31 August 2006. Organisations were classified as "regularly reporting" if they returned reports at least monthly and with at least 100 patient safety incidents per month for acute trusts and 50 per month for community and mental health trusts. Falls rates were standardised as number of falls per 1,000 occupied bed days. Reporting hospitals used standardised categories for degree of harm from incidents, and injury rates were calculated as the percentage of injuries by severity per fall. Key word searches combined with free text scrutiny were conducted to identify specific injuries. Specific falls rates for time of day, gender and age were also compared, with age and gender adjusted for bed occupancy rates from Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) data. Most data were used descriptively, though 95% confidence intervals were used to facilitate comparisons between groups and where samples are generalised to the data set as a whole. RESULTS Reports of 206,350 falls were received from a total of 472 organisations. Falls incidents accounted for 32.3% of all reported patient safety incidents. 152,069 (73.7%) reports were from acute hospitals, 28,198 (13.7%) from community hospitals, and 26,083 (12.6%) from mental health units. Only 102 of these could be classified as "regularly reporting" organisations, and in these the mean standardised rates of falls per 1,000 bed days were 4.8 in acute hospitals, 2.1 in mental health units and 8.4 in community hospitals. 133,417 falls (64.7%) resulted in "no harm," 64,144 (31.1%) in "low harm," 7,506 (3.6%) in "moderate harm," and 1230 (0.6%) in "severe harm," with 26 reported deaths. The proportions of falls resulting in some degree of harm varied significantly across the care settings: mental health units (44.5%; 95% CI 43.9 to 45.1), community hospitals (37.0%; 95% CI 36.4 to 37.6) and acute hospitals (33.4%; 95% CI 33.2 to 33.7). Patients aged 85-89 years had a higher-than-expected likelihood of falling relative to bed days. Males accounted for 50.8% (95% CI 50.5 to 51.1) of falls and females 49.2% (95% CI 48.9 to 49.5). (Occupied bed days were 45.5% male and 54.4% female.) The proportion of falls varied considerably with time, with a peak occurring between 10:00 and 11:59. DISCUSSION This paper describes the largest retrospective study of hospital falls incidents and draws on data from almost 500 institutions of varying types. It describes wide variations in falls recording and reporting, and in recorded falls rates between institutions of different types and between institutions of ostensibly similar case-mix. As falls are the commonest reported patient safety incident, there is a pressing need for improvements in local reporting, recording and focused analysis of incident data, and for these data to be used at local and national level better to inform and target falls prevention, as well as to explore the reasons for large apparent differences in falls rates between institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Healey
- National Patient Safety Agency, London, UK.
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Healey F, Oliver D. Reply. Age Ageing 2008. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afn247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Harrison SA, Oliver D, Arnold HL, Gogia S, Neuschwander-Tetri BA. Development and validation of a simple NAFLD clinical scoring system for identifying patients without advanced disease. Gut 2008; 57:1441-7. [PMID: 18390575 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2007.146019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 553] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical predictors of advanced non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) are needed to guide diagnostic evaluation and treatment. METHODS To better understand the demographics of NAFLD and risk factors for advanced disease, this study analysed 827 patients with NAFLD at two geographically separate tertiary medical centres. RESULTS The cohort was 51% female and had a median body mass index (BMI) of 33 kg/m(2); 3% had a normal BMI. Common co-morbidities included hypertension (60%) and diabetes (35%); insulin resistance was present in 91% and advanced fibrosis in 24% of patients. When comparing patients with no fibrosis or mild fibrosis to those with advanced fibrosis, BMI > or = 28 kg/m(2), age > 50 years, and aspartate transaminase/alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) ratio > or = 0.8, a quantitative assessment check index (QUICKI) score < 0.294 (equivalent to homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) > 6.2) and the presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) were individually associated by univariate analysis with odds ratios (ORs) of > or = 2.4 for advanced fibrosis. Based on the results of forced entry logistic regression analysis, three variables were combined in a weighted sum (BMI > or = 28 = 1 point, AAR of > or = 0.8 = 2 points, DM = 1 point) to form an easily calculated composite score for predicting advanced fibrosis called the BARD score. A score of 2-4 was associated with an OR for advanced fibrosis of 17 (confidence interval 9.2 to 31.9) and a negative predictive value of 96%. CONCLUSIONS Insulin resistance and its co-morbidities are often present in patients with NAFLD. An easily calculated score based on readily available clinical data can reliably exclude the presence of advanced fibrosis in these patients, particularly among non-diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Harrison
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, USA.
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Dombrowski J, Oliver D, Osman M, Nguyen N, Dawson J, Walz B, Logie M, Naunheim K, Bucholz R. PET/CT Target Delineation with Respiratory Motion Tracking for Early Stage Lung Cancer Radiosurgery. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.06.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Odell M, Rechner IJ, Kapila A, Even T, Oliver D, Davies CWH, Milsom L, Forster A, Rudman K. The effect of a critical care outreach service and an early warning scoring system on respiratory rate recording on the general wards. Resuscitation 2007; 74:470-5. [PMID: 17420083 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2007.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2006] [Revised: 01/26/2007] [Accepted: 01/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine whether the implementation of a Reading-Modified Early Warning Scoring (R-MEWS) system, is associated with an increased recording of respiratory rate (RR) in hospital inpatients, and whether the presence of a critical care outreach (CCO) service has a further impact on the recording of patient's vital signs. METHOD Five annual point prevalence surveys of all adult, non-obstetric acute inpatients (n=2638) in two Hospitals (A and B) were carried out between 2001 and 2005. The R-MEWS system was implemented incrementally in both hospitals to include all study group patients, but a CCO service was only available in Hospital A. Data were collected on numbers of patients, routinely documented physiological observations and R-MEW score. RESULTS Respiratory rate (RR) recording increased from 6.0% in the first survey to 77.9% in the last, which correlated with the incremental implementation of the R-MEWS system. Hospital A that had the CCO service showed a greater increase in RR recording than Hospital B with no CCO service. CONCLUSION The introduction of an early warning scoring (EWS) was associated with improved respiratory rate recording, which may have been further enhanced by the presence of a CCO service.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Odell
- Critical Care Outreach, Department of Intensive Care, Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust, Reading, UK.
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Barrett G, Silcocks A, Cunningham R, Oliver D, Weston M, Baker J. Comparison of atlas data to determine the conservation status of bird species in New South Wales, with an emphasis on woodland-dependent species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.7882/az.2007.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Oliver D. Falls in Older People. 2nd Edition * By Steven Lord, Catherine Sherrington, Hylton Menz, Jacqueline Close. Age Ageing 2007. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afm098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
AIM To assess whether a pilot study conducted in the UK achieved its objective to reduce admissions to hospital and bed days in patients identified as suitable recipients of case management by community matrons. BACKGROUND The Department of Health has advocated the use of nurse-led case management to improve the coordination of care and prevent inappropriate hospital admissions. METHOD 66 patients and another 66 controls were identified for the 'Evercare' caseload according to criteria set by United Healthcare. Admissions data for the six months after entry into the study were collected from the hospital information system. FINDINGS admission rates in both the control and intervention group decreased over time and there was no significant difference in rates between the two groups at six months. There was no demonstrable effect on length of stay either. Users were satisfied with the service and nurses cited several clinical stories implying benefits for individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Patrick
- Bexley Primary Care Trust, Bexley, London
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Oliver D. Medical input, rehabilitation and discharge planning for patients with hip fracture: Why traditional models are not fit for purpose and how things are changing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cacc.2005.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Hassanein T, Oliver D, Stange J, Steiner C. Albumin dialysis in cirrhosis with superimposed acute liver injury: possible impact of albumin dialysis on hospitalization costs. Liver Int 2004; 23 Suppl 3:61-5. [PMID: 12950963 DOI: 10.1034/j.1478-3231.23.s.3.6.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Albumin dialysis using the Molecular Adsorbents Recirculating System (MARS) has been found to be beneficial in the treatment of cirrhotic patients with acute decompensation to improve survival as well as reduce associated complications. The present study attempts to analyze the costs involved, and compare it to the benefit as a result of the MARS therapy, thus evaluating its cost-effectiveness. Using the results of a study by Kim et al. describing the effects of complications on the cost of hospitalization in alcoholic liver disease patients, the expenditure incurred in a group of 11 patients treated with standard medical therapy (five survivors) and a group of 12 patients treated with MARS in addition (11 survivors) (Heemann et al., Hepatology 2002) were analyzed. MARS resulted in a reduction of in-hospital deaths, as well as liver disease-related complications. Both these factors led to a substantial reduction of costs in the MARS group, which was enough to counterbalance the extra costs associated with extra-corporeal therapy. In the control group, the total hospitalization cost per survivor were calculated to be at $35,904. In the MARS group, the overall expenditure per survivor including standard medical therapy plus additional MARS liver support therapy were $32,036--a saving of nearly $4000 compared to the control group. Therefore, it appears that the benefits of MARS therapy are enough to justify the cost of treatment and safe hospital costs, at least in the described population. However, further studies are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hassanein
- UCSD Medical Center, West Arbor Drive 200, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
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Wenck A, Pugieux C, Turner M, Dunn M, Stacy C, Tiozzo A, Dunder E, van Grinsven E, Khan R, Sigareva M, Wang WC, Reed J, Drayton P, Oliver D, Trafford H, Legris G, Rushton H, Tayab S, Launis K, Chang YF, Chen DF, Melchers L. Reef-coral proteins as visual, non-destructive reporters for plant transformation. Plant Cell Rep 2003; 22:244-251. [PMID: 12942310 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-003-0690-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2003] [Revised: 07/09/2003] [Accepted: 07/10/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Recently, five novel fluorescent proteins have been isolated from non-bioluminescent species of reef-coral organisms and have been made available through ClonTech. They are AmCyan, AsRed, DsRed, ZsGreen and ZsYellow. These proteins are valuable as reporters for transformation because they do not require a substrate or external co-factor to emit fluorescence and can be tested in vivo without destruction of the tissue under study. We have evaluated them in a large range of plants, both monocots and dicots, and our results indicate that they are valuable reporting tools for transformation in a wide variety of crops. We report here their successful expression in wheat, maize, barley, rice, banana, onion, soybean, cotton, tobacco, potato and tomato. Transient expression could be observed as early as 24 h after DNA delivery in some cases, allowing for very clear visualization of individually transformed cells. Stable transgenic events were generated, using mannose, kanamycin or hygromycin selection. Transgenic plants were phenotypically normal, showing a wide range of fluorescence levels, and were fertile. Expression of AmCyan, ZsGreen and AsRed was visible in maize T1 seeds, allowing visual segregation to more than 99% accuracy. The excitation and emission wavelengths of some of these proteins are significantly different; the difference is enough for the simultaneous visualization of cells transformed with more than one of the fluorescent proteins. These proteins will become useful tools for transformation optimization and other studies. The wide variety of plants successfully tested demonstrates that these proteins will potentially find broad use in plant biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wenck
- Syngenta Biotechnology Inc., 3054 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, NC 27709, USA.
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Ansari A, Al-Rashed S, Oliver D, Harding D. Survey and audit of immediate medical management of patients with proximal femoral fracture admitted to a district hospital. Anaesthesia 2003. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2044.2003.03411_2.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Shedlin MG, Oliver D. Prostitution and HIV risk behavior. Adv Popul 2002; 1:157-72. [PMID: 12159227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
The authors discuss prostitution as a high-risk behavior for HIV infection and transmission, using data from interviews with prostitutes in Bridgeport, Connecticut, and New York City. "The primary objective is to share some of the information gained in research interviews and street work so that it can be utilized to assist efforts at reaching such high risk behavior populations with appropriate AIDS prevention information, testing, counseling and health services." Factors considered include prostitute characteristics, the pimp, perceived roles of the prostitute, power and control, risky sexual practices, and knowledge, attitudes, and behavior relating to AIDS.
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Vergand F, Fargues D, Oliver D, Bonneviot L, Che M. Atomic structure, size and shape of small nickel particles in thin films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/j100236a026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rusch A, Ng L, Goodyear R, Oliver D, Lisoukov I, Vennstrom B, Richardson G, Kelley MW, Forrest D. Retardation of cochlear maturation and impaired hair cell function caused by deletion of all known thyroid hormone receptors. J Neurosci 2001; 21:9792-800. [PMID: 11739587 PMCID: PMC6763054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The deafness caused by early onset hypothyroidism indicates that thyroid hormone is essential for the development of hearing. We investigated the underlying roles of the TRalpha1 and TRbeta thyroid hormone receptors in the auditory system using receptor-deficient mice. TRalpha1 and TRbeta, which act as hormone-activated transcription factors, are encoded by the Thra and Thrb genes, respectively, and both are expressed in the developing cochlea. TRbeta is required for hearing because TRbeta-deficient (Thrb(tm1/tm1)) mice have a defective auditory-evoked brainstem response and retarded expression of a potassium current (I(K,f)) in the cochlear inner hair cells. Here, we show that although TRalpha1 is individually dispensable, TRalpha1 and TRbeta synergistically control an extended array of functions in postnatal cochlear development. Compared with Thrb(tm1/tm1) mice, the deletion of all TRs in Thra(tm1/tm1)Thrb(tm1/tm1) mice produces exacerbated and novel phenotypes, including delayed differentiation of the sensory epithelium, malformation of the tectorial membrane, impairment of electromechanical transduction in outer hair cells, and a low endocochlear potential. The induction of I(K,f) in inner hair cells was not markedly more retarded than in Thrb(tm1/tm1) mice, suggesting that this feature of hair cell maturation is primarily TRbeta-dependent. These results indicate that distinct pathways mediated by TRbeta alone or by TRbeta and TRalpha1 together facilitate control over an extended range of functions during the maturation of the cochlea.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Count
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cochlea/abnormalities
- Cochlea/growth & development
- Cochlea/pathology
- DNA-Binding Proteins/deficiency
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Electric Capacitance
- Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/genetics
- Hair Cells, Auditory/pathology
- Hair Cells, Auditory/physiopathology
- Membrane Potentials/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Microscopy, Electron
- Morphogenesis/genetics
- Patch-Clamp Techniques
- Phenotype
- Protein Isoforms/deficiency
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/deficiency
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Thyroid Hormone/deficiency
- Receptors, Thyroid Hormone/genetics
- Tectorial Membrane/abnormalities
- Tectorial Membrane/pathology
- Tectorial Membrane/ultrastructure
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rusch
- Physiologisches Institut and Sektion Sensorische Biophysik, Hals-Nasen-Ohren Klinik, Röntgenweg 11, Universität Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Javorsek D, Elmore D, Fischbach E, Granger D, Miller T, Oliver D, Teplitz V. New experimental limits on strongly interacting massive particles at the TeV scale. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 87:231804. [PMID: 11736447 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.231804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We have carried out a search for strongly interacting massive particles (SIMPs) bound to Au and Fe nuclei, which could manifest themselves as anomalously heavy isotopes of these elements. Our samples included gold from the NASA Long Duration Exposure Facility satellite, RHIC at Brookhaven National Laboratory, and from various geological sources. We find no evidence for SIMPs in any of our samples, and our results set stringent limits (as low as approximately 10(-12)) on the abundances of anomalous Au or Fe isotopes with masses up to 1.67 and 0.65 TeV/c(2), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Javorsek
- Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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Oliver D, Murtagh F, McMurray A, Humphreys C. International collaboration in palliative care. Croat Med J 2001; 42:689. [PMID: 11881585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced skeletal muscle strength is characteristic of individuals following heart transplantation. Weight lifting exercise has been demonstrated as an effective means by which to increase muscular strength in other cardiac patients but the appropriateness of this form of exercise in heart transplant patients has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to describe the cardiovascular responses of heart transplant patients to a single, prolonged bout of weight lifting training. METHODS Twenty-three heart transplant recipients were stratified into early (Early; 3 months; n=6), intermediate (Intermediate; 1-3 years; n=7) and late (Late; 5-14 years; n=10) post transplant groups and studied in four experimental conditions: supine rest, upright rest, single leg-press exercise (28 repetitions over 2 min 20 s at 50% 1 repetition maximum) and recovery. Swan-Ganz catheterization allowed measurement of right heart pressures and cardiac output by thermodilution. Systemic arterial pressures and heart rate were measured continuously using a non-invasive finger cuff. RESULTS Cardiac output increased by 30, 40 and 54% during exercise in Early, Intermediate and Late, respectively. Heart rate increased by 4.5% in Early compared to 11 and 16% increases in Intermediate and Late. At peak exercise, systolic blood pressures reached average values of 179+/-9, 180+/-14 and 176+/-8 mmHg in Early, Intermediate and Late, respectively. Average mean pulmonary artery pressure did not exceed 30 mmHg and average pulmonary wedge pressure did not exceed 15 mmHg in any group during the exercise. CONCLUSIONS These observations indicate that a lengthened set of single leg-press exercise at a moderate lifting intensity can be performed within safe and acceptable physiological limits in patients following heart transplantation. To better address the specific rehabilitation needs of heart transplant recipients, future research should focus on developing training programs which include weight lifting exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Oliver
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
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Pohl A, Behling C, Oliver D, Kilani M, Monson P, Hassanein T. Serum aminotransferase levels and platelet counts as predictors of degree of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Am J Gastroenterol 2001; 96:3142-6. [PMID: 11721762 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.05268.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, liver fibrosis stage is a prognostic factor for therapy outcome. So far, a liver biopsy is necessary to determine disease stage accurately. We sought to develop a simple, noninvasive method of accurately predicting the degree of liver fibrosis in chronic HCV infection. METHODS We retrospectively studied 211 consecutive patients with chronic HCV, who received a liver biopsy at the Liver Center of the University of California, San Diego. A total of 58 of these patients had a positive history of alcohol abuse, and we analyzed them separately in a sensitivity analysis. AST/ALT ratio and platelet counts were determined in all patients. Fibrosis was staged using the METAVIR score. RESULTS Both AST/ALT ratio and platelet counts correlated significantly with the disease stage (r = 0.190, p = 0.006, and r = -0.543, p < 0.00, respectively). In a sensitivity analysis, there was no correlation between AST/ALT ratio and disease stage for patients with a history of alcohol abuse. For patients without history of alcohol abuse, the correlation between disease stage, AST/ALT ratio, and platelet counts was r = 0.297, p < 0.00, and r = 0.560, p < 0.00, respectively. In these patients, AST/ALT ratio > or =1 in combination with a platelet count of <150,000/mm3 can identify patients with severe fibrosis or cirrhosis (stages 3 and 4) with a positive predictive value of 93.1%. Sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value were 41.2%, 99.1%, and 85.0%, respectively. In patients with ALT/AST ratio of <1 or platelet counts of >150,000/mm3, these laboratory parameters cannot predict liver fibrosis stage. CONCLUSION AST/ALT ratio in combination with platelet counts may obviate a liver biopsy for fibrosis staging in some patients with chronic HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pohl
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, USA
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