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Liu D, Guo L, Waasdorp C, Meijer SL, Bootsma S, Oyarce C, Bijlsma MF, van Laarhoven HWM. Hyaluronidase improves the efficacy of nab-paclitaxel after prolonged angiogenesis inhibition in preclinical models for esophagogastric cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117261. [PMID: 39106708 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term anti-angiogenesis leads to pruned vasculature, densely deposited extracellular matrix (ECM), and consequently reduced chemotherapy delivery in esophagogastric cancer (EGC). To address this issue, we evaluated the efficacy of adding a hyaluronidase or a NO-donor to the regimen of chemotherapy and anti-angiogenic drugs. METHODS A patient-derived EGC xenograft model was developed. Grafted mice were randomly assigned to four experimental groups and one control group. The experimental groups received DC101, a murine angiogenesis inhibitor, and nab-paclitaxel (NPTX), with the addition of hyaluronidase (PEGPH20), or NO-donor (nitroglycerine, NTG), or their combination, respectively. We compared tumor growth during 17 days of treatment. We performed immunohistochemistry for ECM components hyaluronan (HA) and collagen, CD31 for endothelial cells, and γH2AX for DNA damage. The positively stained areas were quantified, and vessel diameters were measured using QuPath software. RESULTS Prolonged DC101 treatment induced deposition of HA (p<0.01) and collagen (p<0.01). HA was effectively degraded by PEGPH20 (p<0.001), but not by NTG as expected. Both PEGPH20 (p<0.05) and NTG (p<0.01) dilated vessels collapsed in response to long-term DC101 treatment. However, only PEGPH20 (rather than NTG) was found to significantly inhibit tumor growth (p<0.05) in combination with NPTX and DC101. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the mechanical barrier of HA is the major reason responsible for the resistance developed during prolonged anti-angiogenesis in EGC. Incorporating PEGPH20 into the existing treatment regimen is promising to improve outcomes for patients with EGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajia Liu
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lihui Guo
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Center, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Cynthia Waasdorp
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sybren L Meijer
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne Bootsma
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cesar Oyarce
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten F Bijlsma
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hanneke W M van Laarhoven
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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2
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Kamali M, Jafari H, Taati F, Mohammadnejad J, Daemi A. Synthesis of chitosan polyethylene glycol antibody complex for delivery of Imatinib in lung cancer cell lines. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23787. [PMID: 39072816 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer is known as the most common cancer. Although the Ramucirumab antibody is a second-line treatment for lung cancer, the high interstitial fluid pressure limits the antibody's performance. In this way, Imatinib is a chemotherapeutic drug to reduce the interstitial fluid pressure. Up to now, unfortunately, both Ramucirumab and imatinib have not been reported in one nanosystem for cancer therapy. To fulfill this shortcoming, this paper aims to design a chitosan nanocarrier that loads imatinib and attaches to Ramucirumab for selective bonding to A549. Therefore, this paper aims to develop a polymeric nanosystem for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. In first, the chitosan polyethylene glycol nanoparticle is synthesized, loaded with imatinib, and then targeted using Ramucirumab. Afterwards, the CS-PEG-Ab-Im by FTIR, TEM, DLS, zeta potential, and TGA techniques are characterized. The size of CS-PEG-Ab-Im was 25-30 nm, its surface charge was 13.1 mV, and the shape of CS-PEG-Ab-Im was nearly spherical and cylindrical. The therapeutic potential of CS-PEG-Ab-Im was assessed using the A549 cell line. According to the obtained results, the cell viability was 48% after 48 h of treatment of A549 cells using the IC50 concentration of CS-PEG-Ab-Im (100 nanomolar). Moreover, the apoptosis and cell cycle arrest percentages were increased by 3 and 6 times, respectively, as compared to free imatinib. Furthermore, the release rate of imatinib from CS-PEG-Ab-Im in an acidic medium was 17% during 1 h, indicating five times the imatinib release in the natural medium. Eventually, the result of flow cytometry indicates the more apoptotic effect of nanosystem to free imatinib and CS-PEG-Ab. Besides, cell arresting result exhibits the CS-PEG-Ab-Im and causes cell arrested at G1 by %8.17. Thus, it can be concluded that CS-PEG-Ab-Im can be an ideal nanosystem in NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Kamali
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Jafari
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Taati
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Mohammadnejad
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Daemi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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3
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Sohn SH, Sul HJ, Kim BJ, Zang DY. Comparison of Tepotinib, Paclitaxel, or Ramucirumab Efficacy According to the Copy Number or Phosphorylation Status of the MET Gene: Doublet Treatment versus Single Agent Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1769. [PMID: 38339049 PMCID: PMC10855451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Although conventional combination chemotherapies for advanced gastric cancer (GC) increase survival, such therapies are associated with major adverse effects; more effective and less toxic treatments are required. Combinations of different anti-cancer drugs, for example, paclitaxel plus ramucirumab, have recently been used as second-line treatments for advanced GC. This study evaluated how copy number variations of the MET gene, MET mutations, and MET gene and protein expression levels in human GC cells modulate the susceptibility of such cells to single-agent (tepotinib, ramucirumab, or paclitaxel) and doublet (tepotinib-plus-paclitaxel or ramucirumab-plus-paclitaxel treatment regimens. Compared with ramucirumab-plus-paclitaxel, tepotinib-plus-paclitaxel better inhibited the growth of GC cells with MET exon 14 skipping mutations and those lacking MET amplification but containing phosphorylated MET; such inhibition was dose-dependent and associated with cell death. Tepotinib-plus-paclitaxel and ramucirumab-plus-paclitaxel similarly inhibited the growth of GC cells lacking MET amplification or MET phosphorylation, again in a dose-dependent manner, but without induction of cell death. However, tepotinib alone or tepotinib-plus-ramucirumab was more effective against c-MET-positive GC cells (>30 copy number variations) than was ramucirumab or paclitaxel alone or ramucirumab-plus-paclitaxel. These in vitro findings suggest that compared with ramucirumab-plus-paclitaxel, tepotinib-plus-paclitaxel better inhibits the growth of c-MET-positive GC cells, cells lacking MET amplification but containing phosphorylated MET, and cells containing MET mutations. Clinical studies are required to confirm the therapeutic effects of these regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hwa Sohn
- Hallym Translational Research Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang-si 14066, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.S.); (H.J.S.)
| | - Hee Jung Sul
- Hallym Translational Research Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang-si 14066, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.S.); (H.J.S.)
| | - Bum Jun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang-si 14068, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dae Young Zang
- Hallym Translational Research Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang-si 14066, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.S.); (H.J.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang-si 14068, Republic of Korea;
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4
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Baccili Cury Megid T, Farooq AR, Wang X, Elimova E. Gastric Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms, Novel Targets, and Immunotherapies: From Bench to Clinical Therapeutics. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5075. [PMID: 37894443 PMCID: PMC10605200 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a global health concern, ranking fifth in cancer diagnoses and fourth in cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite recent advancements in diagnosis, most cases are detected at advanced stages, resulting in poor outcomes. However, recent breakthroughs in genome analysis have identified biomarkers that hold positive clinical significance for GC treatment. These biomarkers and classifications offer the potential for more precise diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for GC patients. In this review, we explore the classification and molecular pathways in this disease, highlighting potential biomarkers that have emerged in recent studies including targeted therapies and immunotherapies. These advancements provide a promising direction for improving the management of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elena Elimova
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; (T.B.C.M.); (A.R.F.); (X.W.)
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5
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Sotoudeh M, Mansouri V, Shakeri R, Sharififard B, Sajadi N, Haghpanah V, Naderi M. Decoding the expression pattern of MUC3A in gastric adenocarcinoma: unveiling the key to successful immunotherapy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:1299-1305. [PMID: 38069509 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2293764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Despite the promise of immunotherapy for gastric adenocarcinoma, resistance is common, necessitating the validation of new targets. Based on our previous bioinformatics analysis, the MUC3A antigen emerged as a promising candidate for immunotherapy against gastric adenocarcinoma. However, a comprehensive understanding of its expression at protein level remains elusive, despite its crucial role in determining clinical response. We also sought to establish a connection between the expression pattern and relevant clinical variables of the disease, whenever feasible. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the percentage of MUC3A-positive tumor cells in primary (PT) and metastatic tumor (MT) sites of 190 gastric adenocarcinoma patients. We also evaluated the association between MUC3A expression and variables such as Lauren classification, history of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, and overall patient survival. RESULTS Median MUC3A expression was 50% in PT and 70% in MT sites, exhibiting a positive correlation. MT intestinal type showed significantly higher MUC3A expression compared to other types. Neoadjuvant therapy history did not affect MUC3A expression. Higher MUC3A expression correlated with improved survival. CONCLUSIONS Based on our previous bioinformatics data and the consistently high expression of MUC3A on gastric tumor cells, we propose advancing experimental aspects of anti-MUC3A immunotherapy for gastric adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Sotoudeh
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Mansouri
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Shakeri
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Sharififard
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Sajadi
- Ali-Asghar Children Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Haghpanah
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Naderi
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Lam LL, Pavlakis N, Shitara K, Sjoquist KM, Martin AJ, Yip S, Kang YK, Bang YJ, Chen LT, Moehler M, Bekaii-Saab T, Alcindor T, O’Callaghan CJ, Tebbutt NC, Hague W, Chan H, Rha SY, Lee KW, Gebski V, Jaworski A, Zalcberg J, Price T, Simes J, Goldstein D. INTEGRATE II: randomised phase III controlled trials of regorafenib containing regimens versus standard of care in refractory Advanced Gastro-Oesophageal Cancer (AGOC): a study by the Australasian Gastro-Intestinal Trials Group (AGITG). BMC Cancer 2023; 23:180. [PMID: 36814222 PMCID: PMC9945618 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10642-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced gastro-oesophageal cancer (AGOC) carries a poor prognosis. No standard of care treatment options are available after first and second-line therapies. Regorafenib is an oral multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting angiogenic, stromal, and oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases. Regorafenib 160 mg daily prolonged progression free survival compared to placebo (INTEGRATE, phase 2). Regorafenib 80 mg daily in combination with nivolumab 3 mg/kg showed promising objective response rates (REGONIVO). METHODS/DESIGN INTEGRATE II (INTEGRATE IIa and IIb) platform comprises two international phase III randomised controlled trials (RCT) with 2:1 randomisation in favor of experimental intervention. INTEGRATE IIa (double-blind) compares regorafenib 160 mg daily on days 1 to 21 of each 28-day cycle to placebo. INTEGRATE IIb (open label) compares REGONIVO, regorafenib 90 mg days 1 to 21 in combination with intravenous nivolumab 240 mg days 1 and 15 each 28-day cycle with investigator's choice of chemotherapy (control). Treatment continues until disease progression or intolerable adverse events as per protocol. Eligible participants include adults with AGOC who have failed two or more lines of treatment. Stratification is by location of tumour (INTEGRATE IIa only), geographic region, prior VEGF inhibitor and prior immunotherapy use (INTEGRATE IIb only). Primary endpoint is overall survival. Secondary endpoints are progression free survival, objective response rate, quality of life, and safety. Tertiary/correlative objectives include biomarker and pharmacokinetic evaluation. DISCUSSION INTEGRATE II provides a platform to evaluate the clinical utility of regorafenib alone, as well as regorafenib in combination with nivolumab in treatment of participants with refractory AGOC. TRIAL REGISTRATION INTEGRATE IIa prospectively registered 1 April 2016 Australia New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry: ACTRN12616000420448 (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02773524). INTEGRATE IIb prospectively registered 10 May 2021 ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04879368.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyn Ley Lam
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Nick Pavlakis
- grid.412703.30000 0004 0587 9093Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kohei Shitara
- grid.272242.30000 0001 2168 5385National Cancer Centre Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katrin M. Sjoquist
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XNHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Martin
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XNHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sonia Yip
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XNHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yoon-Koo Kang
- grid.413967.e0000 0001 0842 2126Asan Medical Centre, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yung-Jue Bang
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Li-Tzong Chen
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Markus Moehler
- grid.410607.4University Medical Centre Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanios Bekaii-Saab
- grid.470142.40000 0004 0443 9766Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Phoenix, USA
| | - Thierry Alcindor
- grid.63984.300000 0000 9064 4811McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Niall C. Tebbutt
- grid.482637.cOlivia Newton-John Cancer Wellness & Research Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Wendy Hague
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XNHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, Australia
| | - Howard Chan
- grid.413265.70000 0000 8762 9215Calvary Mater Newcastle, Waratah, Australia
| | - Sun Young Rha
- grid.413046.40000 0004 0439 4086Yonsei Cancer Centre, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Keun-Wook Lee
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.412480.b0000 0004 0647 3378Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Val Gebski
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XNHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anthony Jaworski
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XNHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, Australia
| | - John Zalcberg
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Monash University Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Timothy Price
- grid.278859.90000 0004 0486 659XThe Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - John Simes
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XNHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, Australia
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7
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de Castria TB, Tang L, Queiroz MM, Awni BM, Paroder V, Shamseddine A, Bariani GM, Mukherji D, Matar CF, Fernandes GDS, El-Olayan A, Sabatin F, Elias R, Gupta R, Janjigian YY, Abou-Alfa GK. Hepatoid esophagogastric adenocarcinoma and tumoral heterogeneity: a case report. J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 12:3123-3132. [PMID: 35070435 PMCID: PMC8748022 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-21-287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach is an uncommon subtype of gastric cancer remarkably similar to hepatocellular carcinoma in histopathological analysis. It is also commonly associated with high serum alfa-fetoprotein and a poorer prognosis, despite the emergence of new therapeutic options. In recent years, next generation sequencing (NGS) technology has made it possible to identify and describe the genes and molecular alterations common to gastric cancer thereby contributing to the advancement of targeted therapies. A 62-year-old patient, with no prior risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), presented to the emergency room with dysphagia for solids, abdominal pain and weight loss of about 3 kilograms over 3 months. Histopathological analysis presented with disparities regarding HER2 and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) status in the primary and metastatic sites. We describe a case of a de novo metastatic, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive esophagogastric junction hepatoid adenocarcinoma. Although this is a rare subgroup of gastric cancer, treatment strategies were based in recent studies in immunotherapy and guided therapy, taking into consideration the molecular findings from the patient's tumor NGS analysis. Data about HER2 and PDL1 heterogeneity were also reviewed. Despite the aggressiveness and rarity of this histology, the patient had a good response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Biachi de Castria
- Centro de Oncologia, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura Tang
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Medical College at Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Viktoriya Paroder
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Medical College at Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ashwaq El-Olayan
- National Guard Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fouad Sabatin
- National Guard Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Yelena Y. Janjigian
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Medical College at Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ghassan K. Abou-Alfa
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Medical College at Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
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8
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Bausys A, Gricius Z, Aniukstyte L, Luksta M, Bickaite K, Bausys R, Strupas K. Current treatment strategies for patients with only peritoneal cytology positive stage IV gastric cancer. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:9711-9721. [PMID: 34877310 PMCID: PMC8610919 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i32.9711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and surgery remains the only potentially curative treatment option for it. Although a significant proportion of GC patients are found with distant metastases already at the initial diagnosis. Peritoneal dissemination is the most common site of metastases. Positive peritoneal cytology (Cy1) is associated with poor long-term outcomes; thus, these patients are considered as stage IV even if macroscopic carcinomatosis is absent. Currently, there is no clear evidence for the most optimal treatment for this distinct subpopulation of the stage IV cohort. Available strategies vary from palliative chemotherapy to upfront gastrectomy. This comprehensive review summarized current evidence of different treatment strategies for Cy1 GC including roles of surgery, systemic and intraperitoneal chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustinas Bausys
- Department of Abdominal Surgery and Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius 08406, Lithuania
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephrourology and Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius 03101, Lithuania
| | - Zilvinas Gricius
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius 08406, Lithuania
| | - Laura Aniukstyte
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius 08406, Lithuania
| | - Martynas Luksta
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephrourology and Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius 03101, Lithuania
| | | | - Rimantas Bausys
- Department of Abdominal Surgery and Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius 08406, Lithuania
| | - Kestutis Strupas
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephrourology and Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius 03101, Lithuania
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9
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Ren S, Tan X, Fu MZ, Ren S, Wu X, Chen T, Latham PS, Lin P, Man YG, Fu SW. Downregulation of miR-375 contributes to ERBB2-mediated VEGFA overexpression in esophageal cancer. J Cancer 2021; 12:7138-7146. [PMID: 34729115 PMCID: PMC8558641 DOI: 10.7150/jca.63836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is a lethal cancer with an extremely aggressive nature and poor survival rate. However, the molecular mechanisms driving the occurrence and progression of EC are not well understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that regulate the expression of protein-coding genes. miRNA-mediated gene regulation plays an important role in EC. By cross-referencing studies from NCBI, we found that microRNA-375 (miR-375) is one of the most frequently downregulated miRNAs in EC. We assessed expression of miR-375 in EC cell lines and primary EC tissues and their matched normal tissues. We found significant downregulation of miR-375 in both cell lines and EC tissues. Forced expression of miR-375 attenuated EC cell proliferation and invasion. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2, ERBB2), a known proto-oncogene, was identified here as one of the potential target genes of miR-375. Ectopic expression of miR-375 significantly suppressed the expression of ERBB2 and subsequently downregulated one of its target genes, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), which is related to cancer invasion and metastasis. These findings suggest that miR-375 acts as a tumor suppressor by blocking the ERBB2/VEGFA pathway with the potential to modulate the occurrence and/ or progression of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchang Ren
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Xiaohui Tan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Melinda Z Fu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Shuyang Ren
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- Department of Medicine, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Medicine, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Patricia S Latham
- Department of Pathology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Paul Lin
- Department of Surgery, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Yan-Gao Man
- Department of Pathology, Hackensack Meridian Health-Hackensack, University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; the International Union for Difficult to treat Diseases (IUDD), Silver Spring, MD
| | - Sidney W Fu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
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10
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Singh D, Dheer D, Samykutty A, Shankar R. Antibody drug conjugates in gastrointestinal cancer: From lab to clinical development. J Control Release 2021; 340:1-34. [PMID: 34673122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are one the fastest growing biotherapeutics in oncology and are still in their infancy in gastrointestinal (GI) cancer for clinical applications to improve patient survival. The ADC based approach is developed with tumor specific antigen, antibody carrying cytotoxic agents to precisely target and deliver chemotherapeutics at the tumor site. To date, 11 ADCs have been approved by US-FDA, and more than 80 are in the clinical development phase for different oncological indications. However, The ADCs based therapies in GI cancers are still far from having high-efficient clinical outcomes. The limited success of these ADCs and lessons learned from the past are now being used to develop a newer generation of ADC against GI cancers. In this review, we did a comprehensive assessment of the key components of ADCs, including tumor marker, antibody, cytotoxic payload, and linkage strategy, with a focus on technical improvement and some future trends in the pipeline for clinical translation. The various preclinical and clinical ADCs used in gastrointestinal malignancies, their target, composition and bioconjugation, along with preclinical and clinical outcomes, are discussed. The emphasis is also given to new generation ADCs employing novel mAb, payload, linker, and bioconjugation methods are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davinder Singh
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Divya Dheer
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Abhilash Samykutty
- Stephenson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Ravi Shankar
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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11
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Zhang J, Zhang J, Pang X, Chen Z, Zhang Z, Lei L, Xu H, Wen L, Zhu J, Jiang Y, Cui Y, Chen G, Wang X. MiR-205-5p suppresses angiogenesis in gastric cancer by downregulating the expression of VEGFA and FGF1. Exp Cell Res 2021; 404:112579. [PMID: 33957117 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Anti-angiogenic therapy represents one of the most promising treatment modalities for human cancers. However, the response to antiangiogenic therapy in gastric cancer (GC) remains dismal. To help identify new strategies for antiangiogenic therapy in GC, we evaluated miR-205-5p expression in GC tissues from TCGA database and our hospital, and its functions in angiogenesis were explored in vitro and in vivo. We investigated miR-205-5p expression and microvessel densities (MVDs) in GC tissues and liver metastases from patients. The function and mechanisms of miR-205-5p were examined in human cell lines and in xenograft mouse models. Associations between miR-205-5p expression and clinical characteristics were analyzed using either Pearson's χ2 test or Fisher's exact test. Differences in overall survival (OS) distributions were evaluated using the log-rank test. Differences in measurement data were compared using Student's t-test and one-way ANOVA. We found that miR-205-5p expression was downregulated in GC tissues and was negatively correlated with CD31 expression in both TCGA and our clinical samples. GC cell lines expressed low levels of miR-205-5p, and miR-205-5p upregulation significantly impaired the proliferation and angiogenesis of GC cells. Moreover, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) expression and activation of extracellular-related kinase (ERK) signaling were suppressed by miR-205-5p. MiR-205-5p inhibition promoted malignant phenotypes by enhancing VEGFA and FGF1 expression, as well as the activation of ERK signaling. Angiogenesis and ERK signaling were decreased in response to VEGFA and FGF1 downregulation induced by miR-205-5p overexpression. The dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that VEGFA and FGF1 were direct targets of miR-205-5p. Xenograft mouse models revealed that miR-205-5p suppressed tumor growth by inhibiting neovascularization. Altogether, these results demonstrate that miR-205-5p suppresses angiogenesis in GC by attenuating the expression of VEGFA and FGF1, indicating that upregulation of miR-205-5p may represent as an antiangiogenic therapy for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Jixin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Xiaocong Pang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China; Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 10034, China
| | - Ziyi Chen
- Liver Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China; Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 10034, China
| | - Lili Lei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China; Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 10034, China
| | - Hongliang Xu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Long Wen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yimin Cui
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China; Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 10034, China
| | - Guowei Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
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12
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Abstract
Targeted cancer therapy aims to achieve specific elimination of cancerous but not normal cells. Recently, PIWI proteins, a subfamily of the PAZ-PIWI domain (PPD) protein family, have emerged as promising candidates for targeted cancer therapy. PPD proteins are essential for small noncoding RNA pathways. The Argonaute subfamily partners with microRNA and small interfering RNA, whereas the PIWI subfamily partners with PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA). Both PIWI proteins and piRNA are mostly expressed in the germline and best known for their function in transposon silencing, with no detectable function in mammalian somatic tissues. However, PIWI proteins become aberrantly expressed in multiple types of somatic cancers, thus gaining interest in targeted therapy. Despite this, little is known about the regulatory mechanism of PIWI proteins in cancer. Here we report that one of the four PIWI proteins in humans, PIWIL1, is highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines. Knocking out the PIWIL1 gene (PIWIL1-KO) drastically reduces gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration, metastasis, and tumorigenesis. RNA deep sequencing of gastric cancer cell line SNU-1 reveals that KO significantly changes the transcriptome, causing the up-regulation of most of its associated transcripts. Surprisingly, few bona fide piRNAs exist in gastric cancer cells. Furthermore, abolishing the piRNA-binding activity of PIWIL1 does not affect its oncogenic function. Thus, PIWIL1 function in gastric cancer cells is independent of piRNA. This piRNA-independent regulation involves interaction with the UPF1-mediated nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) mechanism. Altogether, our findings reveal a piRNA-independent function of PIWIL1 in promoting gastric cancer.
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13
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Steins A, Klaassen R, Jacobs I, Schabel MC, van Lier MGJTB, Ebbing EA, Hectors SJ, Tas SW, Maracle CX, Punt CJA, Siebes M, Bergman JJGHM, Medema JP, Wilmink JW, Mathot RAA, Strijkers GJ, Bijlsma MF, van Laarhoven HWM. Rapid stromal remodeling by short-term VEGFR2 inhibition increases chemotherapy delivery in esophagogastric adenocarcinoma. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:704-720. [PMID: 31733011 PMCID: PMC7138404 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-angiogenic agents combined with chemotherapy is an important strategy for the treatment of solid tumors. However, survival benefit is limited, urging the improvement of combination therapies. We aimed to clarify the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) targeting on hemodynamic function and penetration of drugs in esophagogastric adenocarcinoma (EAC). Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of EAC were subjected to long-term and short-term treatment with anti-VEGFR2 therapy followed by chemotherapy injection or multi-agent dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE-) MRI and vascular casting. Long-term anti-VEGFR2-treated tumors showed a relatively lower flow and vessel density resulting in reduced chemotherapy uptake. On the contrary, short-term VEGFR2 targeting resulted in relatively higher flow, rapid vasodilation, and improved chemotherapy delivery. Assessment of the extracellular matrix (ECM) revealed that short-term anti-angiogenic treatment drastically remodels the tumor stroma by inducing nitric oxide synthesis and hyaluronan degradation, thereby dilating the vasculature and improving intratumoral chemotherapy delivery. These previously unrecognized beneficial effects could not be maintained by long-term VEGFR2 inhibition. As the identified mechanisms are targetable, they offer direct options to enhance the treatment efficacy of anti-angiogenic therapy combined with chemotherapy in EAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Steins
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remy Klaassen
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Igor Jacobs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical NMR, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Oncology Solutions, Philips Research, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias C Schabel
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Monique G J T B van Lier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva A Ebbing
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefanie J Hectors
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sander W Tas
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chrissta X Maracle
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J A Punt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Siebes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques J G H M Bergman
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna W Wilmink
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron A A Mathot
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gustav J Strijkers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten F Bijlsma
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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Abstract
This last decade has yielded more robust development of cancer treatments and first-in-class agents than ever before. Since 2006, nearly one hundred new drugs have received regulatory approval for the treatment of hematological and solid organ neoplasms. Moreover, older conventional therapies have received approval for new clinical indications and are being used in combination with these newer small-molecule targeted treatments. The nervous system is vulnerable to many of the traditional cancer therapies, manifesting both already well-described acute and chronic toxicities. However, newer agents may produce toxicities that may seem indistinguishable from the underlying cancer. Early recognition of neurotoxicities from new therapeutics is vital to avoid irreversible neurological injury. This review focuses on cancer therapies in use in the last 10 years and approved by the FDA from January 2006 through January 1, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M Zukas
- Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - David Schiff
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
- Department of Neurological Surgery, and Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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15
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Steins A, Ebbing EA, Pistorius MCM, Waasdorp C, Krishnadath KK, Medema JP, Wilmink JW, Mathôt RAA, Bijlsma MF, van Laarhoven HWM. Systemic effects of angiogenesis inhibition alter pharmacokinetics and intratumoral delivery of nab-paclitaxel. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:1801-1810. [PMID: 29172757 PMCID: PMC8241153 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1406559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is critical to the growth of tumors. Vascularization-targeting agents, with or without cytotoxic drugs, are widely used for the treatment of several solid tumors including esophagogastric adenocarcinoma. However, little is known about the systemic effects of anti-angiogenic therapies and how this affects the pharmacokinetics and intratumoral delivery of cytotoxic agents. In this study, patient-derived xenograft mouse models of esophageal adenocarcinoma were used to identify the effects of DC101, a murine vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) inhibitor, on the pharmacokinetics and the intratumoral uptake of nab-paclitaxel (NPTX). We showed that DC101 had large systemic effects resulting in decreased vasculature of intraperitoneally located organs. As a consequence, after intraperitoneal administration of NPTX, plasma uptake (5.029 ± 4.35 vs. 25.85 ± 2.27 µM) and intratumoral delivery (5.48 ± 5.32 vs. 38.49 ± 2.805 pmol/mg) of NPTX were greatly impaired in DC101-treated animals compared to control animals. Additionally, routes of NPTX elimination were altered upon angiogenesis inhibition; unchanged renal clearance and intraperitoneal accumulation of NPTX were observed, but NPTX levels were significantly lower in the liver. Histological examination of the intestine revealed a reduced thickness of the intestinal wall following DC101 therapy and suggested seepage of intraperitoneally injected NTPX through the intestinal wall to explain its reduced uptake in liver, plasma, and tumor tissue. These data explain several adverse effects observed in the clinic when using anti-angiogenic therapies and also imply that the combined use of anti-angiogenesis and cytotoxic agents in both preclinical and clinical setting is still suboptimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Steins
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva A. Ebbing
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Cynthia Waasdorp
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kausilia K. Krishnadath
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Genomics Center, Center for Molecular Medicine, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna W. Wilmink
- Department of Medical Oncology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron A. A. Mathôt
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten F. Bijlsma
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Garrido M. The safety and efficacy of ramucirumab in combination with paclitaxel for the treatment of advanced gastric or gastro-esophageal junction adenocarcinoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2016; 16:1005-10. [PMID: 27582051 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2016.1231576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastric cancer (GC) is a health problem. Platinum and fluoropyrimidine-based combinations have been established as first-line drugs used worldwide. However, there are no other options for treatment if first-line therapy fails. Therefore, second-line treatment options are needed. Targeted therapies have optimized the results of chemotherapy, specifically trastuzumab as a first-line and ramucirumab in second-line. AREAS COVERED Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) are involved in the pathogenesis of GC. Clinical studies have evaluated VEGFR-2 blocked in second line. Two phase III trials using ramucirumab alone or associated to paclitaxel have demonstrated that second-line therapy could improve the survival of patients with GC. Expert commentary: VEGF-2 receptor blockade is effective at treating GC. The combination of paclitaxel with ramucirumab can be used to establish an angiogenic blockade in second-line therapy. The magnitude of the treatment effect suggests that this combination should be used as the current standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Garrido
- a Department of Hemato-Oncology , Pontifical Catholic University of Chile , Santiago , Chile
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