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Zahradnik S, Tsampalieros A, Okeny-Owere J, Webster RJ, Bedard P, Seidman G, Thampi N. Hand hygiene knowledge and practices of family caregivers in inpatient pediatrics. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2024; 45:253-256. [PMID: 37728055 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2023.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Family caregivers are essential inpatient pediatric care partners, yet their handwashing knowledge and compliance are rarely studied. Through hand hygiene audits and self-administered questionnaires, we observed 9% compliance, significantly lower than self-reported practice. We suggest interventions to improve caregiver handwashing behaviors to decrease infection transmission risk to hospitalized children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Zahradnik
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne Tsampalieros
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Clinical Research Unit, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - James Okeny-Owere
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard J Webster
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Clinical Research Unit, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pat Bedard
- Infection Prevention and Control Program, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gillian Seidman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nisha Thampi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Infection Prevention and Control Program, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Fernandes DR, dos Santos BN, Guimarães CS, Ferreira EB, Margatho AS, dos Reis PED, Pittet D, Silveira RCDCP. Educational technologies for teaching hand hygiene: Systematic review. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0294725. [PMID: 38227588 PMCID: PMC10790983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM To gather available scientific evidence on technologies used to teach hand hygiene to professional populations and lays involved in health care in the hospital setting. This systematic review was designed as proposed by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis, included studies reporting primary, original, quantitative research findings with no date limit and written in English, Spanish or Portuguese. The search was performed in the following electronic databases: Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Excerpta Medica dataBASE, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, US National Library of Medicine, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and ProQuest. The eligibility criteria were applied independently by two reviewers to select the studies, first by reading the titles and abstracts on the Rayyan platform and then by full text reading of the eligible studies. After a descriptive analysis, the studies were subjected to critical evaluation of their methodological quality using JBI tools. RESULTS Seven studies were included, addressing various methods for teaching hand hygiene using different technological resources, such as audiovisual electronic devices, videos, virtual reality, and gamification using tablets and smartphones, in different populations. CONCLUSION Using technologies to teach hand hygiene considerably helps patients, visitors, and relatives in learning the procedures and efficiently improves hand hygiene compliance rates among healthcare professionals, creating evidence-based repetitive learning opportunities for patients and caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Amanda Salles Margatho
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Gaube S, Walton K, Kleine AK, Däumling S, Rohrmeier C, Müller S, Bonrath E, Schneider-Brachert W. Examining outpatients' hand hygiene behaviour and its relation to COVID-19 infection prevention measures. J Hosp Infect 2023; 141:55-62. [PMID: 37634601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2023.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing demand for outpatient care is associated with a higher risk of infection transmission in these settings. However, there is limited research on infection prevention and control practices in ambulatory clinics, and none focuses on patients. AIM To examine outpatients' hand hygiene behaviours, their determinants, and their associations with other infection prevention measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We observed the hand hygiene behaviour of one cohort of patients in one outpatient clinic and surveyed a separate sample in five clinics about their hand hygiene practice in outpatient facilities. A questionnaire based on the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) was used to examine predictors of the behaviour. Moreover, patients indicated their compliance with COVID-19 infection prevention measures, vaccination status, disease risk perception, and vaccine hesitancy. FINDINGS Observed hand hygiene rates among 618 patients were low (12.8%), while 67.3% of the 300 surveyed patients indicated sanitizing their hands upon entering the clinic. The TDF domains 'memory, attention, and decision processes' and 'emotions' significantly predicted both current (today's) and general hand hygiene behaviour in outpatient clinics. Hand hygiene behaviour and compliance with COVID-19 infection prevention showed a positive association; however, no significant connection was found with patients' vaccination status, suggesting different behavioural motivators. CONCLUSION Hand hygiene among outpatients should be improved through interventions focusing on helping patients remember to clean their hands. More research on infection prevention in outpatient facilities is needed to ensure patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gaube
- Global Business School for Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - K Walton
- Department of Infection Prevention and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - A-K Kleine
- LMU Center for Leadership and People Management, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - S Däumling
- Department of Infection Prevention and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - C Rohrmeier
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; HNO-Gemeinschaftspraxis, Straubing, Germany
| | - S Müller
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; MKG-Praxis im Turm, Straubing, Germany
| | - E Bonrath
- Praxis für Chirurgie & Handchirurgie, Regensburg, Germany
| | - W Schneider-Brachert
- Department of Infection Prevention and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Kaya HN, Süslü B, Aydin R, Atay S. COMPLIANCE OF PATIENT COMPANIONS AND VISITORS WITH HAND HYGIENE: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY. J Hosp Infect 2023; 136:85-89. [PMID: 37088218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hand hygiene is a simple and low-cost practice to prevent the spread of many microorganisms that cause healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs). Compliance with hand hygiene, especially by patient companions and visitors, is very important in order to prevent the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms between the health institutions and the community. AIM This is a descriptive study designed to investigate the compliance of patient companions and visitors with hand hygiene. METHODS The sample of the study included 209 individuals who were the companions and visitors of the patients who were hospitalized in a University Hospital in the west of Turkey. A questionnaire containing Demographics and Hand Hygiene and the Observation Form to assess Hand Hygiene Practice were used to acquire data. In order to conduct the research, permission was obtained from the ethics committee and the institution, and consent was obtained from the patient companions and visitors. To evaluate the data, the numbers, percentage calculations, mean and independent inter-observer agreement coefficient were used. FINDINGS 96.2% of the patient companions and visitors stated that they did not receive training on the importance of hand washing during their stay in the hospital, and 74.6% stated that hand washing was very important in the prevention of diseases. The patient families reported that they most often washed their hands after touching bodily fluids (91.7%), and that they rarely washed their hands before touching a patient (34.0%). The rates were decreased in the observations, and the lowest rate for handwashing was before touching a patient (22.4%) and the highest rate for handwashing was after the risk for contamination with body fluids of patient (68.6%). CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that patient companions and visitors did not receive any training on the importance of hand hygiene during the hospital stay, and the observed rate of compliance with hand hygiene was lower than stated. Recommendations include delivering planned handwashing training to patient companions and visitors using different teaching methods, and to conduct longer observational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanife Nur Kaya
- Nursing Department at School of Health, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale,Turkey
| | - Başak Süslü
- Nursing Department at School of Health, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale,Turkey
| | - Rabia Aydin
- Nursing Department at School of Health, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale,Turkey
| | - Selma Atay
- Nursing Department at School of Health, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale,Turkey.
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Bayhan GI, Can R, Elçi S, Kamiş F, Saritaş K, Yetim S, Ömerbeyoğlu Z, Haciibrahimoğlu HS, Galandarova A, Demir ER, Can M, Meletli İ. Visitor behavior during hospital inpatient visitation. Germs 2022; 12:554-560. [PMID: 38021187 PMCID: PMC10660218 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2022.1360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The common target audience of the current guidelines for the prevention of healthcare-associated infections is represented by healthcare workers. Behavioral protocols for visitors and caregivers that aim to prevent healthcare-associated infections are still not available. The aim of this study was to determine the behavior of the visitors and to determine possible behavior that would contribute to the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms, in order to provide suggestions for visitors in the post-pandemic period. Methods A survey about visitor behavior was administered to 621 visitors. The survey consisted of questions regarding the demographic features and the behavior of the patient visitors. Results Seventy-seven visitors (12.4%) had at least one infection-related symptoms. Overall, 426 (68.6%) visitors stated that they would cancel their visit if they had any infection-related symptoms. The location of the hand washbasin to wash or sanitize the hands at the patient's unit was not known by 142 (22.9%) visitors. The number of visitors performing all hand hygiene steps was 351 (56.5%). Compliance with hand hygiene was not affected by age, gender, living in the same house as the visited patient, or visiting an adult or pediatric patient. Conclusions The visitors should be queried about symptoms of infectious disease at the entrance of the hospital. The knowledge level of the visitors about hand hygiene is not sufficient. Clear recommendations about when and how often visitors should practice hand hygiene and providing information at the entrance of the hospital will improve the hand hygiene compliance of the visitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsum Iclal Bayhan
- MD, Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Yenimahalle Training and Educational Hospital, Yildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey and Ankara City Hospital, Children’s Hospital, Üniversiteler mahallesi, 06800, Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rukiye Can
- MD, Yildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Üniversiteler mahallesi, 06800 Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sinem Elçi
- MD, Yildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Üniversiteler mahallesi, 06800, Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Kamiş
- Intern, Yildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Üniversiteler mahallesi, 06800, Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kaan Saritaş
- MD, Yildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Üniversiteler mahallesi, 06800, Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sümeyye Yetim
- MD, Yildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Üniversiteler mahallesi, 06800, Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Ömerbeyoğlu
- MD, Yildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Üniversiteler mahallesi, 06800, Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hacer Su Haciibrahimoğlu
- MD, Yildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Üniversiteler mahallesi, 06800, Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aysuna Galandarova
- MD, Yildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Üniversiteler mahallesi, 06800, Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Ruken Demir
- MD, Yildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Üniversiteler mahallesi, 06800, Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Merve Can
- MD, Yildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Üniversiteler mahallesi, 06800, Çankaya, Ankara, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İlayda Meletli
- MD, Yildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Üniversiteler mahallesi, 06800, Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey
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Wu S, Wang RS, Huang YN, Wan TTH, Tung TH, Wang BL. Effect of Hand Hygiene Intervention in Community Kindergartens: A Quasi-Experimental Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14639. [PMID: 36429356 PMCID: PMC9691028 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of hand hygiene interventions on the overall hand hygiene (HH) status of teaching instruction of hand hygiene in kindergartens, given the vulnerability of kindergarten children and their high risk due to infectious diseases and the current COVID-19 epidemic. We investigated the HH status of teachers from two kindergartens in the same community. The participants were recruited from 28 classes in both kindergartens. After completing the baseline survey, the intervention program consisted of three components: lectures on infectious diseases, lectures on HH, and seven-step hand washing techniques conducted in two kindergartens. The intervention program effectively increased teachers' perceived disease susceptibility (p < 0.05), reduced the total bacterial colonization of children's hands (p < 0.001), and improved the HH environment (p < 0.01). We recommend that health authorities or kindergartens adopt this HH intervention program to effectively improve the HH status in kindergartens and allow for preventive responses to the COVID-19 epidemic or other emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Wu
- Department of Public Health, Macau University of Science Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Richard Szewei Wang
- Affiliation Program of Data Analytics and Business Computing, Stern School of Business, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA
| | - Yu-Ni Huang
- College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Thomas T. H. Wan
- School of Global Health Management and Informatics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Tao-Hsin Tung
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou 317000, China
| | - Bing-Long Wang
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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Kim E, Jeong IS. [Level of Complete Knowledge on Five Moments of Hand Hygiene among Nurses Working at Integrated Nursing Care Service Wards]. J Korean Acad Nurs 2021; 51:454-464. [PMID: 34497254 DOI: 10.4040/jkan.21030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to identify the level of complete knowledge about hand hygiene indications among nurses working at integrated nursing care service wards. METHODS A total of 127 nurses in eight integrated nursing care service wards completed structured sheets while observing a video based on six scenarios developed by the research team. Complete knowledge level was calculated as the percentage (%) of participants who responded correctly to all questions among participants. Complete knowledge levels according to the scenarios were calculated and compared according to general characteristics using the chi-squared test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test. RESULTS The complete knowledge level for each scenario ranged from 7.9% (scenario 6) to 42.5% (scenarios 4 and 5), and no one had complete knowledge of all scenarios. Only 3.1% of participants demonstrated complete knowledge in more than four scenarios, and 26.0% had complete knowledge of four or more hand hygiene moments. Complete knowledge level per scenario did not differ depending on work experience at hospitals and study wards, or prior hand hygiene training in the last year. CONCLUSION As the complete knowledge level regarding hand hygiene moment is very low, it is suggested that regular hand hygiene training should be provided to nurses using video media that reflect real nursing tasks. Thus, they can acquire complete knowledge of when hand hygiene is needed or not during complex nursing work situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhee Kim
- Infection Control Team, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Ihn Sook Jeong
- College of Nursing, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.
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Lawson A, Cameron R, Vaganay-Miller M. An Evaluation of the Hand Hygiene Behaviour and Compliance of the General Public When Using Public Restrooms in Northern Ireland (NI) during the Initial Weeks of the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:6385. [PMID: 34204779 PMCID: PMC8296206 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ongoing novel coronavirus (COVID-19) global pandemic has resulted in significant levels of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly among the elderly and immuno-suppressed groups. Although adequate hand hygiene (HH) behaviour and compliance is widely accepted as being the most effective self-protective measure in preventing the spread of diseases like COVID-19, previous research suggests that normal hand hygiene compliance is poor, but generally improves during a disease pandemic. This research aimed to evaluate the hand hygiene behaviour and compliance of the general public in the initial weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland (NI). METHODS This cross-sectional study involved the use of infrared-imaging cameras to observe the hand hygiene behaviour and compliance of the general public when using one set of male and female public restrooms. RESULTS The findings of this study indicated that the level of hand hygiene compliance of the general public was poor in the initial weeks, with 82.93% overall not washing their hands adequately. CONCLUSIONS Inadequate HH behaviour and compliance may have added significantly to the rapid rate of spread of COVID-19 in the initial weeks of the pandemic in NI. Current public health campaigns do not appear, based on this study, to have the desired impact and may need to be reviewed or re-enforced in order to achieve the levels of hand hygiene compliance required to slow the spread of COVID-19 and other communicable diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Lawson
- Belfast School of Architecture and the Built Environment, Ulster University, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK; (R.C.); (M.V.-M.)
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Lou Q, Su DQ, Wang SQ, Gao E, Li LQ, Zhuo ZQ. Home quarantine compliance is low in children with fever during COVID-19 epidemic. World J Clin Cases 2020; 8:3465-3473. [PMID: 32913853 PMCID: PMC7457107 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i16.3465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak began in China at the end of 2019. The disease is highly infectious. In order to prevent and control the epidemic situation, the state has issued a series of measures to guide the prevention and control of the epidemic. At the same time, it also introduced the measure of home isolation for children with fever. However, due to the nature of children, the implementation of the home isolation turned out to be quite difficult, and questions regarding the home isolation were brought out by parents when seeing doctors. For this reason, we decided to conduct this study. AIM To study factors that influence home quarantine compliance in children with fever during the COVID-19 epidemic. METHODS A total of 495 paediatric patients with respiratory tract infection and fever were selected from the general fever clinic at Xiamen Children's Hospital from February 6-27, 2020. On day 8 after the hospital visit, follow-up was conducted by telephone to evaluate the compliance of home quarantine. RESULTS Among the ten quarantine measures, the proportion of families adhering to keeping 1.5 m distance, proper hand hygiene, wearing masks at home, and proper cough etiquette was very low (< 30% for each measure). Our analysis showed that compliance was related to gender and age of children, gender and age of primary caregiver, number of children in the family, and intensity of information on quarantine measures. We observed that compliance increased with the age of children. Compared with children whose caregivers were young adults, children with elderly caregivers were 2.461 times more likely to show poor compliance. Furthermore, children who received intensive information on quarantine measures had significantly better compliance. CONCLUSION Compliance of children with fever to quarantine measures at home is low during the COVID-19 epidemic. Strengthening education on the quarantine measures is critical to improve compliance, in particular in young children with elderly caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xiamen Children’s Hospital, Xiamen 361006, Fujian Province, China
| | - De-Quan Su
- Department of Infections, Xiamen Children’s Hospital, Xiamen 361006, Fujian Province, China
| | - Sun-Qin Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xiamen Children’s Hospital, Xiamen 361006, Fujian Province, China
| | - E Gao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xiamen Children’s Hospital, Xiamen 361006, Fujian Province, China
| | - Lian-Qiao Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xiamen Children’s Hospital, Xiamen 361006, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Zhuo
- Department of Infections, Xiamen Children’s Hospital, Xiamen 361006, Fujian Province, China
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