1
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Shestov AA, Nath K, Nelson DS, Wasik MA, Glickson JD. Bonded cumomer analysis of tumor metabolism based on 13 C magnetic resonance spectroscopy. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4716. [PMID: 35196744 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bonded cumomers are sets of isotopomers of 13 C-labeled metabolites containing a particular sequence of contiguously or singly labeled carbon atoms. Only these isotopomers contribute to multiplet structure in the 13 C NMR spectrum. We discuss the application of this technique to the study of quantitative tumor metabolism, bioenergetics, and the Warburg effect. The advantages and sensitivity of bonded cumomer analysis over positional enrichment analysis are discussed. When sensitivity requirements are met, bonded cumomer analysis enables the extraction of fluxes through specific metabolic pathways with higher precision. In conjunction with isotopomer control analysis, we evaluate the sensitivity of experimentally measurable metabolite multiplets to determine the robustness of flux analysis in 13 C spectra of tumors. This review examines the role of glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism with special emphasis on flux through the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). The impact of reversibility of the nonoxidative branch of the PPP with various 13 C glucose tracers on fine-structure multiplets is analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Shestov
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kavindra Nath
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David S Nelson
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mariusz A Wasik
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jerry D Glickson
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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2
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Ziegs T, Dorst J, Ruhm L, Avdievitch N, Henning A. Measurement of glucose metabolism in the occipital lobe and frontal cortex after oral administration of [1-13C]glucose at 9.4 T. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:1890-1904. [PMID: 35632989 PMCID: PMC9536126 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221104540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, labeling effects after oral intake of [1-13C]glucose are observed in the human brain with pure 1H detection at 9.4 T. Spectral time series were acquired using a short-TE 1H MRS MC-semiLASER (Metabolite Cycling semi Localization by Adiabatic SElective Refocusing) sequence in two voxels of 5.4 mL in the frontal cortex and the occipital lobe. High-quality time-courses of [4-13C]glutamate, [4-13C]glutamine, [3-13C]glutamate + glutamine, [2-13C] glutamate+glutamine and [3-13C]aspartate for individual volunteers and additionally, group-averaged time-courses of labeled and non-labeled brain glucose could be obtained. Using a one-compartment model, mean metabolic rates were calculated for each voxel position: The mean rate of the TCA-cycle (Vtca) value was determined to be 1.36 and 0.93 μmol min-1 g-1, the mean rate of glutamine synthesis (Vgln) was calculated to be 0.23 and 0.45 μmol min-1 g-1, the mean exchange rate between cytosolic amino acids and mitochondrial Krebs cycle intermediates (Vx) rate was found to be 0.57 and 1.21 μmol min-1 g-1 for the occipital lobe and the frontal cortex, respectively. These values were in agreement with previously reported data. Altogether, it can be shown that this most simple technique combining oral administration of [1-13C]Glc with pure 1H MRS acquisition is suitable to measure metabolic rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresia Ziegs
- High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.,IMPRS for Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Johanna Dorst
- High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.,IMPRS for Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Loreen Ruhm
- High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.,IMPRS for Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nikolai Avdievitch
- High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anke Henning
- High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.,Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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3
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Lanz B, Abaei A, Braissant O, Choi IY, Cudalbu C, Henry PG, Gruetter R, Kara F, Kantarci K, Lee P, Lutz NW, Marjańska M, Mlynárik V, Rasche V, Xin L, Valette J. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the rodent brain: Experts' consensus recommendations. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 34:e4325. [PMID: 33565219 PMCID: PMC9429976 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In vivo MRS is a non-invasive measurement technique used not only in humans, but also in animal models using high-field magnets. MRS enables the measurement of metabolite concentrations as well as metabolic rates and their modifications in healthy animals and disease models. Such data open the way to a deeper understanding of the underlying biochemistry, related disturbances and mechanisms taking place during or prior to symptoms and tissue changes. In this work, we focus on the main preclinical 1H, 31P and 13C MRS approaches to study brain metabolism in rodent models, with the aim of providing general experts' consensus recommendations (animal models, anesthesia, data acquisition protocols). An overview of the main practical differences in preclinical compared with clinical MRS studies is presented, as well as the additional biochemical information that can be obtained in animal models in terms of metabolite concentrations and metabolic flux measurements. The properties of high-field preclinical MRS and the technical limitations are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Lanz
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging (LIFMET), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alireza Abaei
- Core Facility Small Animal Imaging, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Olivier Braissant
- Service of Clinical Chemistry, University of Lausanne and University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - In-Young Choi
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, US
| | - Cristina Cudalbu
- Centre d’Imagerie Biomedicale (CIBM), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Gilles Henry
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, US
| | - Rolf Gruetter
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging (LIFMET), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Firat Kara
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, US
| | - Kejal Kantarci
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, US
| | - Phil Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, US
| | | | - Małgorzata Marjańska
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, US
| | - Vladimír Mlynárik
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Volker Rasche
- Core Facility Small Animal Imaging, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lijing Xin
- Centre d’Imagerie Biomedicale (CIBM), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julien Valette
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, MIRCen, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 9199, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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4
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Dehghani M, Zhang S, Kumaragamage C, Rosa‐Neto P, Near J. Dynamic
1
H‐MRS for detection of
13
C‐labeled glucose metabolism in the human brain at 3T. Magn Reson Med 2020; 84:1140-1151. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Dehghani
- Centre d’Imagerie Cérébrale Douglas Mental Health University Institute Verdun Quebec Canada
- Department of Psychiatry McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Steven Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Chathura Kumaragamage
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging Yale University New Haven Connecticut
| | - Pedro Rosa‐Neto
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory The McGill University Research Center for Studies in AgiNGAlzheimer’s Diseases Research UnitDouglas Research InstituteMcGill university Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Therapeutics McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Jamie Near
- Centre d’Imagerie Cérébrale Douglas Mental Health University Institute Verdun Quebec Canada
- Department of Psychiatry McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
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5
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Mitochondria and the Brain: Bioenergetics and Beyond. Neurotox Res 2019; 36:219-238. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00061-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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6
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Vassiliou VS, Cameron D, Prasad SK, Gatehouse PD. Magnetic resonance imaging: Physics basics for the cardiologist. JRSM Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 7:2048004018772237. [PMID: 30128147 PMCID: PMC6093143 DOI: 10.1177/2048004018772237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging physics can be a complex and challenging topic for the practising cardiologist. Its evolving nature and the increasing number of novel sequences used in clinical scanning have been topics of excellent reviews; however, the basic understanding of physics underlying the creation of images remains difficult for many cardiologists. In this review, we go back to the basic physics theories underpinning magnetic resonance and explain their application and use in achieving good quality cardiac imaging, whilst describing established and novel magnetic resonance sequences. By understanding these basic principles, it is anticipated that cardiologists and other health professionals will then appreciate more advanced physics manuscripts on cardiac scanning and novel sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilios S Vassiliou
- Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial College London, CMR Unit, London, UK.,Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Bob Champion Research and Education, Norwich, UK
| | - Donnie Cameron
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Bob Champion Research and Education, Norwich, UK
| | - Sanjay K Prasad
- Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial College London, CMR Unit, London, UK
| | - Peter D Gatehouse
- Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial College London, CMR Unit, London, UK
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7
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Lu M, Zhu XH, Zhang Y, Mateescu G, Chen W. Quantitative assessment of brain glucose metabolic rates using in vivo deuterium magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:3518-3530. [PMID: 28503999 PMCID: PMC5669347 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17706444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative assessment of cerebral glucose consumption rate (CMRglc) and tricarboxylic acid cycle flux (VTCA) is crucial for understanding neuroenergetics under physiopathological conditions. In this study, we report a novel in vivo Deuterium (2H) MRS (DMRS) approach for simultaneously measuring and quantifying CMRglc and VTCA in rat brains at 16.4 Tesla. Following a brief infusion of deuterated glucose, dynamic changes of isotope-labeled glucose, glutamate/glutamine (Glx) and water contents in the brain can be robustly monitored from their well-resolved 2H resonances. Dynamic DMRS glucose and Glx data were employed to determine CMRglc and VTCA concurrently. To test the sensitivity of this method in response to altered glucose metabolism, two brain conditions with different anesthetics were investigated. Increased CMRglc (0.46 vs. 0.28 µmol/g/min) and VTCA (0.96 vs. 0.6 µmol/g/min) were found in rats under morphine as compared to deeper anesthesia using 2% isoflurane. This study demonstrates the feasibility and new utility of the in vivo DMRS approach to assess cerebral glucose metabolic rates at high/ultrahigh field. It provides an alternative MRS tool for in vivo study of metabolic coupling relationship between aerobic and anaerobic glucose metabolisms in brain under physiopathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Lu
- 1 Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, MN, USA
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhu
- 1 Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, MN, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- 1 Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, MN, USA
| | - Gheorghe Mateescu
- 2 Case Center for Imaging Research, Departments of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- 1 Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, MN, USA
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8
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Bonvento G, Valette J, Flament J, Mochel F, Brouillet E. Imaging and spectroscopic approaches to probe brain energy metabolism dysregulation in neurodegenerative diseases. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:1927-1943. [PMID: 28276944 PMCID: PMC5464722 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17697989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Changes in energy metabolism are generally considered to play an important role in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases. Whether these changes are causal or simply a part of self-defense mechanisms is a matter of debate. Furthermore, energy defects have often been discussed solely in the context of their probable neuronal origin without considering the cellular heterogeneity of the brain. Recent data point towards the existence of a tri-cellular compartmentation of brain energy metabolism between neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, each cell type having a distinctive metabolic profile. Still, the number of methods to follow energy metabolism in patients is extremely limited and existing clinical techniques are blind to most cellular processes. There is a need to better understand how brain energy metabolism is regulated in health and disease through experiments conducted at different scales in animal models to implement new methods in the clinical setting. The purpose of this review is to offer a brief overview of the broad spectrum of methodological approaches that have emerged in recent years to probe energy metabolism in more detail. We conclude that multi-modal neuroimaging is needed to follow non-cell autonomous energy metabolism dysregulation in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Bonvento
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut d’Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), CNRS UMR 9199, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Julien Valette
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut d’Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), CNRS UMR 9199, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Julien Flament
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut d’Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), CNRS UMR 9199, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- INSERM US 27, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Fanny Mochel
- INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 6, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France
- Department of Genetics, AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- University Pierre and Marie Curie, Neurometabolic Research Group, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Brouillet
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut d’Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), CNRS UMR 9199, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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9
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Sonnay S, Gruetter R, Duarte JMN. How Energy Metabolism Supports Cerebral Function: Insights from 13C Magnetic Resonance Studies In vivo. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:288. [PMID: 28603480 PMCID: PMC5445183 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral function is associated with exceptionally high metabolic activity, and requires continuous supply of oxygen and nutrients from the blood stream. Since the mid-twentieth century the idea that brain energy metabolism is coupled to neuronal activity has emerged, and a number of studies supported this hypothesis. Moreover, brain energy metabolism was demonstrated to be compartmentalized in neurons and astrocytes, and astrocytic glycolysis was proposed to serve the energetic demands of glutamatergic activity. Shedding light on the role of astrocytes in brain metabolism, the earlier picture of astrocytes being restricted to a scaffold-associated function in the brain is now out of date. With the development and optimization of non-invasive techniques, such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), several groups have worked on assessing cerebral metabolism in vivo. In this context, 1H MRS has allowed the measurements of energy metabolism-related compounds, whose concentrations can vary under different brain activation states. 1H-[13C] MRS, i.e., indirect detection of signals from 13C-coupled 1H, together with infusion of 13C-enriched glucose has provided insights into the coupling between neurotransmission and glucose oxidation. Although these techniques tackle the coupling between neuronal activity and metabolism, they lack chemical specificity and fail in providing information on neuronal and glial metabolic pathways underlying those processes. Currently, the improvement of detection modalities (i.e., direct detection of 13C isotopomers), the progress in building adequate mathematical models along with the increase in magnetic field strength now available render possible detailed compartmentalized metabolic flux characterization. In particular, direct 13C MRS offers more detailed dataset acquisitions and provides information on metabolic interactions between neurons and astrocytes, and their role in supporting neurotransmission. Here, we review state-of-the-art MR methods to study brain function and metabolism in vivo, and their contribution to the current understanding of how astrocytic energy metabolism supports glutamatergic activity and cerebral function. In this context, recent data suggests that astrocytic metabolism has been underestimated. Namely, the rate of oxidative metabolism in astrocytes is about half of that in neurons, and it can increase as much as the rate of neuronal metabolism in response to sensory stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Sonnay
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Gruetter
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Radiology, University of LausanneLausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Radiology, University of GenevaGeneva, Switzerland
| | - João M N Duarte
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanne, Switzerland
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10
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Sonnay S, Duarte JMN, Just N, Gruetter R. Energy metabolism in the rat cortex under thiopental anaesthesia measured In Vivo by 13 C MRS. J Neurosci Res 2017; 95:2297-2306. [PMID: 28316083 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Barbiturates, commonly used as general anaesthetics, depress neuronal activity and thus cerebral metabolism. Moreover, they are likely to disrupt the metabolic support of astrocytes to neurons, as well as the uptake of nutrients from circulation. By employing 13 C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in vivo at high magnetic field, we characterized neuronal and astrocytic pathways of energy metabolism in the rat cortex under thiopental anaesthesia. The neuronal tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle rate was 0.46 ± 0.02 µmol/g/min, and the rate of the glutamate-glutamine cycle was 0.09 ± 0.02 µmol/g/min. In astrocytes, the TCA cycle rate was 0.16 ± 0.02 µmol/g/min, accounting for a quarter of whole brain glucose oxidation, pyruvate carboxylase rate was 0.02 ± 0.01 µmol/g/min, and glutamine synthetase was 0.12 ± 0.01 µmol/g/min. Relative to previous experiments under light α-chloralose anaesthesia, thiopental reduced oxidative metabolism in neurons and even more so in astrocytes. Interestingly, total oxidative metabolism in the cortex under thiopental anaesthesia surpassed the rate of pyruvate production by glycolysis, indicating substantial utilisation of substrates other than glucose, likely plasma lactate. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Sonnay
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, École Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - João M N Duarte
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, École Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Just
- Centre d'Imagerie Biomédicale - Animal and Technology Core, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Gruetter
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, École Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Radiology, University of Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Radiology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
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11
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Lai M, Gruetter R, Lanz B. Progress towards in vivo brain 13C-MRS in mice: Metabolic flux analysis in small tissue volumes. Anal Biochem 2017; 529:229-244. [PMID: 28119064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The combination of dynamic 13C MRS data under infusion of 13C-labelled substrates and compartmental models of cerebral metabolism enabled in vivo measurement of metabolic fluxes with a quantitative and distinct determination of cellular-specific activities. The non-invasive nature and the chemical specificity of the 13C dynamic data obtained in those tracer experiments makes it an attractive approach offering unique insights into cerebral metabolism. Genetically engineered mice present a wealth of disease models particularly interesting for the neuroscience community. Nevertheless, in vivo13C NMR studies of the mouse brain are only recently appearing in the field due to the numerous challenges linked to the small mouse brain volume and the difficulty to follow the mouse physiological parameters within the NMR system during the infusion experiment. This review will present the progresses in the quest for a higher in vivo13C signal-to-noise ratio up to the present state of the art techniques, which made it feasible to assess glucose metabolism in different regions of the mouse brain. We describe how experimental results were integrated into suitable compartmental models and how a deep understanding of cerebral metabolism depends on the reliable detection of 13C in the different molecules and carbon positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lai
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging (LIFMET), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Rolf Gruetter
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging (LIFMET), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Radiology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Radiology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Lanz
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging (LIFMET), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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12
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Valette J, Tiret B, Boumezbeur F. Experimental strategies for in vivo 13C NMR spectroscopy. Anal Biochem 2016; 529:216-228. [PMID: 27515993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In vivo carbon-13 (13C) MRS opens unique insights into the metabolism of intact organisms, and has led to major advancements in the understanding of cellular metabolism under normal and pathological conditions in various organs such as skeletal muscles, the heart, the liver and the brain. However, the technique comes at the expense of significant experimental difficulties. In this review we focus on the experimental aspects of non-hyperpolarized 13C MRS in vivo. Some of the enrichment strategies which have been proposed so far are described; the various MRS acquisition paradigms to measure 13C labeling are then presented. Finally, practical aspects of 13C spectral quantification are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Valette
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), MIRCen, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 9199, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Brice Tiret
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), MIRCen, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 9199, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Fawzi Boumezbeur
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), NeuroSpin, F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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