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Si Y, Hayat MA, Hu J. NSPCs-ES: mechanisms and functional impact on central nervous system diseases. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:042011. [PMID: 38916246 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad5819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Patients with central neuronal damage may suffer severe consequences, but effective therapies remain unclear. Previous research has established the transplantation of neural stem cells that generate new neurons to replace damaged ones. In a new field of scientific research, the extracellular secretion of NPSCs (NSPCs-ES) has been identified as an alternative to current chemical drugs. Many preclinical studies have shown that NSPCs-ES are effective in models of various central nervous system diseases (CNS) injuries, from maintaining functional structures at the cellular level to providing anti-inflammatory functions at the molecular level, as well as improving memory and motor functions, reducing apoptosis in neurons, and mediating multiple signaling pathways. The NSPC-ES can travel to the damaged tissue and exert a broad range of therapeutic effects by supporting and nourishing damaged neurons. However, gene editing and cell engineering techniques have recently improved therapeutic efficacy by modifying NSPCs-ES. Consequently, future research and application of NSPCs-ES may provide a novel strategy for the treatment of CNS diseases in the future. In this review, we summarize the current progress on these aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Si
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212002, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Abid Hayat
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiabo Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212002, People's Republic of China
- Zhenjiang Blood Center, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, People's Republic of China
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2
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Rey F, Berardo C, Maghraby E, Mauri A, Messa L, Esposito L, Casili G, Ottolenghi S, Bonaventura E, Cuzzocrea S, Zuccotti G, Tonduti D, Esposito E, Paterniti I, Cereda C, Carelli S. Redox Imbalance in Neurological Disorders in Adults and Children. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040965. [PMID: 37107340 PMCID: PMC10135575 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygen is a central molecule for numerous metabolic and cytophysiological processes, and, indeed, its imbalance can lead to numerous pathological consequences. In the human body, the brain is an aerobic organ and for this reason, it is very sensitive to oxygen equilibrium. The consequences of oxygen imbalance are especially devastating when occurring in this organ. Indeed, oxygen imbalance can lead to hypoxia, hyperoxia, protein misfolding, mitochondria dysfunction, alterations in heme metabolism and neuroinflammation. Consequently, these dysfunctions can cause numerous neurological alterations, both in the pediatric life and in the adult ages. These disorders share numerous common pathways, most of which are consequent to redox imbalance. In this review, we will focus on the dysfunctions present in neurodegenerative disorders (specifically Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) and pediatric neurological disorders (X-adrenoleukodystrophies, spinal muscular atrophy, mucopolysaccharidoses and Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease), highlighting their underlining dysfunction in redox and identifying potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Rey
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | - Clarissa Berardo
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | - Erika Maghraby
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessia Mauri
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | - Letizia Messa
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Letizia Esposito
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanna Casili
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Sara Ottolenghi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Eleonora Bonaventura
- Child Neurology Unit, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Leukodystrophies and Genetic Leukoencephalopathies (COALA), Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Tonduti
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
- Child Neurology Unit, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Leukodystrophies and Genetic Leukoencephalopathies (COALA), Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Irene Paterniti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | - Stephana Carelli
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
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3
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Neurotrophic Factors as Regenerative Therapy for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Current Status, Challenges and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043866. [PMID: 36835277 PMCID: PMC9968045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), multiple sclerosis (MS), spinal cord injury (SCI), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), are characterized by acute or chronic progressive loss of one or several neuronal subtypes. However, despite their increasing prevalence, little progress has been made in successfully treating these diseases. Research has recently focused on neurotrophic factors (NTFs) as potential regenerative therapy for neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we discuss the current state of knowledge, challenges, and future perspectives of NTFs with a direct regenerative effect in chronic inflammatory and degenerative disorders. Various systems for delivery of NTFs, such as stem and immune cells, viral vectors, and biomaterials, have been applied to deliver exogenous NTFs to the central nervous system, with promising results. The challenges that currently need to be overcome include the amount of NTFs delivered, the invasiveness of the delivery route, the blood-brain barrier permeability, and the occurrence of side effects. Nevertheless, it is important to continue research and develop standards for clinical applications. In addition to the use of single NTFs, the complexity of chronic inflammatory and degenerative diseases may require combination therapies targeting multiple pathways or other possibilities using smaller molecules, such as NTF mimetics, for effective treatment.
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Mitochondrial Metabolism as Target of the Neuroprotective Role of Erythropoietin in Parkinson's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010121. [PMID: 33467745 PMCID: PMC7830512 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing therapies for Parkinson's disease (PD) are only symptomatic. As erythropoietin (EPO) is emerging for its benefits in neurodegenerative diseases, here, we test the protective effect driven by EPO in in vitro (SH-SY5Y cells challenged by MPP+) and in vivo (C57BL/6J mice administered with MPTP) PD models. EPO restores cell viability in both protective and restorative layouts, enhancing the dopaminergic recovery. Specifically, EPO rescues the PD-induced damage to mitochondria, as shown by transmission electron microscopy, Mitotracker assay and PINK1 expression. Moreover, EPO promotes a rescue of mitochondrial respiration while markedly enhancing the glycolytic rate, as shown by the augmented extracellular acidification rate, contributing to elevated ATP levels in MPP+-challenged cells. In PD mice, EPO intrastriatal infusion markedly improves the outcome of behavioral tests. This is associated with the rescue of dopaminergic markers and decreased neuroinflammation. This study demonstrates cellular and functional recovery following EPO treatment, likely mediated by the 37 Kda isoform of the EPO-receptor. We report for the first time, that EPO-neuroprotection is exerted through restoring ATP levels by accelerating the glycolytic rate. In conclusion, the redox imbalance and neuroinflammation associated with PD may be successfully treated by EPO.
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Carelli S, Giallongo T, Rey F, Barzaghini B, Zandrini T, Pulcinelli A, Nardomarino R, Cerullo G, Osellame R, Cereda C, Zuccotti GV, Raimondi MT. Neural precursors cells expanded in a 3D micro-engineered niche present enhanced therapeutic efficacy in vivo. Nanotheranostics 2021; 5:8-26. [PMID: 33391972 PMCID: PMC7738947 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.50633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Stem Cells (SCs) show a great potential in therapeutics for restoring and regenerating native tissues. The clinical translation of SCs therapies is currently hindered by the inability to expand SCs in vitro in large therapeutic dosages, while maintaining their safety and potency. The use of biomaterials allows for the generation of active biophysical signals for directing SCs fate through 3D micro-scaffolds, such as the one named “Nichoid”, fabricated with two-photon laser polymerization with a spatial resolution of 100 nm. The aims of this study were: i) to investigate the proliferation, differentiation and stemness properties of neural precursor cells (NPCs) following their cultivation inside the Nichoid micro-scaffold; ii) to assess the therapeutic effect and safety in vivo of NPCs cultivated in the Nichoid in a preclinical experimental model of Parkinson's Disease (PD). Methods: Nichoids were fabricated by two photon laser polymerization onto circular glass coverslips using a home-made SZ2080 photoresist. NPCs were grown inside the Nichoid for 7 days, counted and characterized with RNA-Seq, Real Time PCR analysis, immunofluorescence and Western Blot. Then, NPCs were transplanted in a murine experimental model of PD, in which parkinsonism was induced by the intraperitoneal administration of the neurotoxin MPTP in C57/bl mice. The efficacy of engrafted Nichoid-expanded NPCs was evaluated by means of specific behavioral tests and, after animal sacrifice, with immunohistochemical studies in brain slices. Results: NPCs grown inside the Nichoid show a significantly higher cell viability and proliferation than in standard culture conditions in suspension. Furthermore, we report the mechanical conditioning of NPCs in 3D micro-scaffolds, showing a significant increase in the expression of pluripotency genes. We also report that such mechanical reprogramming of NPCs produces an enhanced therapeutic effect in the in vivo model of PD. Recovery of PD symptoms was significantly increased when animals were treated with Nichoid-grown NPCs, and this is accompanied by the recovery of dopaminergic markers expression in the striatum of PD affected mice. Conclusion: SCs demonstrated an increase in pluripotency potential when expanded inside the Nichoid, without the need of any genetic modification of cells, showing great promise for large-scale production of safe and functional cell therapies to be used in multiple clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephana Carelli
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi", L. Sacco Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, 20157, Italy
| | - Toniella Giallongo
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi", L. Sacco Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, 20157, Italy
| | - Federica Rey
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi", L. Sacco Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, 20157, Italy
| | - Bianca Barzaghini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Tommaso Zandrini
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN)-CNR and Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Andrea Pulcinelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Riccardo Nardomarino
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN)-CNR and Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Roberto Osellame
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN)-CNR and Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Genomic and Postgenomic Lab, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi", L. Sacco Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, 20157, Italy
| | - Manuela Teresa Raimondi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy
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6
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Thompson A, Farmer K, Rowe E, Hayley S. Erythropoietin modulates striatal antioxidant signalling to reduce neurodegeneration in a toxicant model of Parkinson's disease. Mol Cell Neurosci 2020; 109:103554. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2020.103554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Dissecting the Effect of a 3D Microscaffold on the Transcriptome of Neural Stem Cells with Computational Approaches: A Focus on Mechanotransduction. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186775. [PMID: 32942778 PMCID: PMC7555048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
3D cell cultures are becoming more and more important in the field of regenerative medicine due to their ability to mimic the cellular physiological microenvironment. Among the different types of 3D scaffolds, we focus on the Nichoid, a miniaturized scaffold with a structure inspired by the natural staminal niche. The Nichoid can activate cellular responses simply by subjecting the cells to mechanical stimuli. This kind of influence results in different cellular morphology and organization, but the molecular bases of these changes remain largely unknown. Through RNA-Seq approach on murine neural precursors stem cells expanded inside the Nichoid, we investigated the deregulated genes and pathways showing that the Nichoid causes alteration in genes strongly connected to mechanobiological functions. Moreover, we fully dissected this mechanism highlighting how the changes start at a membrane level, with subsequent alterations in the cytoskeleton, signaling pathways, and metabolism, all leading to a final alteration in gene expression. The results shown here demonstrate that the Nichoid influences the biological and genetic response of stem cells thorough specific alterations of cellular signaling. The characterization of these pathways elucidates the role of mechanical manipulation on stem cells, with possible implications in regenerative medicine applications.
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8
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Rey F, Balsari A, Giallongo T, Ottolenghi S, Di Giulio AM, Samaja M, Carelli S. Erythropoietin as a Neuroprotective Molecule: An Overview of Its Therapeutic Potential in Neurodegenerative Diseases. ASN Neuro 2020; 11:1759091419871420. [PMID: 31450955 PMCID: PMC6712762 DOI: 10.1177/1759091419871420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a cytokine mainly induced in hypoxia conditions. Its major production site is the kidney. EPO primarily acts on the erythroid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. More and more studies are highlighting its secondary functions, with a crucial focus on its role in the central nervous system. Here, EPO may interact with up to four distinct isoforms of its receptor (erythropoietin receptor [EPOR]), activating different signaling cascades with roles in neuroprotection and neurogenesis. Indeed, the EPO/EPOR axis has been widely studied in the neurodegenerative diseases field. Its potential therapeutic effects have been evaluated in multiple disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal cord injury, as well as brain ischemia, hypoxia, and hyperoxia. EPO is showing great promise by counteracting secondary neuroinflammatory processes, reactive oxygen species imbalance, and cell death in these diseases. Multiple studies have been performed both in vitro and in vivo, characterizing the mechanisms through which EPO exerts its neurotrophic action. In some cases, clinical trials involving EPO have been performed, highlighting its therapeutic potential. Together, all these works indicate the potential beneficial effects of EPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Rey
- 1 Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Balsari
- 1 Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Toniella Giallongo
- 1 Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Ottolenghi
- 2 Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Anna M Di Giulio
- 1 Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy.,3 Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", University of Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Samaja
- 2 Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Stephana Carelli
- 1 Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy.,3 Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", University of Milan, Italy
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Tonelli Gombalová Z, Košuth J, Alexovič Matiašová A, Zrubáková J, Žežula I, Giallongo T, Di Giulio AM, Carelli S, Tomašková L, Daxnerová Z, Ševc J. Majority of cerebrospinal fluid‐contacting neurons in the spinal cord of
C57Bl/6N
mice is present in ectopic position unlike in other studied experimental mice strains and mammalian species. J Comp Neurol 2020; 528:2523-2550. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.24909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Tonelli Gombalová
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of ScienceP.J. Šafárik University in Košice Košice Slovak Republic
| | - Ján Košuth
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of ScienceP.J. Šafárik University in Košice Košice Slovak Republic
| | - Anna Alexovič Matiašová
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of ScienceP.J. Šafárik University in Košice Košice Slovak Republic
| | - Jarmila Zrubáková
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of ScienceP.J. Šafárik University in Košice Košice Slovak Republic
| | - Ivan Žežula
- Institute of Mathematics, Faculty of ScienceP.J. Šafárik University in Košice Košice Slovak Republic
| | - Toniella Giallongo
- Laboratories of Pharmacology, Department of Health SciencesUniversity of Milan Milan Italy
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Fondazione Romeo e Enrica Invernizzi", L. Sacco Department of Biomedical and Clinical ScienceUniversity of Milan Milan Italy
| | - Anna Maria Di Giulio
- Laboratories of Pharmacology, Department of Health SciencesUniversity of Milan Milan Italy
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Fondazione Romeo e Enrica Invernizzi", L. Sacco Department of Biomedical and Clinical ScienceUniversity of Milan Milan Italy
| | - Stephana Carelli
- Laboratories of Pharmacology, Department of Health SciencesUniversity of Milan Milan Italy
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Fondazione Romeo e Enrica Invernizzi", L. Sacco Department of Biomedical and Clinical ScienceUniversity of Milan Milan Italy
| | - Lenka Tomašková
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of ScienceP.J. Šafárik University in Košice Košice Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Daxnerová
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of ScienceP.J. Šafárik University in Košice Košice Slovak Republic
| | - Juraj Ševc
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of ScienceP.J. Šafárik University in Košice Košice Slovak Republic
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Carelli S, Giallongo T, Rey F, Latorre E, Bordoni M, Mazzucchelli S, Gorio MC, Pansarasa O, Provenzani A, Cereda C, Di Giulio AM. HuR interacts with lincBRN1a and lincBRN1b during neuronal stem cells differentiation. RNA Biol 2019; 16:1471-1485. [PMID: 31345103 PMCID: PMC6779397 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2019.1637698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
LncRNAs play crucial roles in cellular processes and their regulatory effects in the adult brain and neural stem cells (NSCs) remain to be entirely characterized. We report that 10 lncRNAs (LincENC1, FABL, lincp21, HAUNT, PERIL, lincBRN1a, lincBRN1b, HOTTIP, TUG1 and FENDRR) are expressed during murine NSCs differentiation and interact with the RNA-binding protein ELAVL1/HuR. Furthermore, we characterize the function of two of the deregulated lncRNAs, lincBRN1a and lincBRN1b, during NSCs' differentiation. Their inhibition leads to the induction of differentiation, with a concomitant decrease in stemness and an increase in neuronal markers, indicating that they exert key functions in neuronal cells differentiation. Furthermore, we describe here that HuR regulates their half-life, suggesting their synergic role in the differentiation process. We also identify six human homologs (PANTR1, TUG1, HOTTIP, TP53COR, ELDRR and FENDRR) of the mentioned 10 lncRNAs and we report their deregulation during human iPSCs differentiation into neurons. In conclusion, our results strongly indicate a key synergic role for lncRNAs and HuR in neuronal stem cells fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephana Carelli
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan , Milan , Italy.,Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Toniella Giallongo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Federica Rey
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Elisa Latorre
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Matteo Bordoni
- Center of Genomic and post-Genomic, IRCCS Mondino Foundation , Pavia , Italy
| | - Serena Mazzucchelli
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Maria Carlotta Gorio
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciencse L. Sacco, University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Orietta Pansarasa
- Center of Genomic and post-Genomic, IRCCS Mondino Foundation , Pavia , Italy
| | - Alessandro Provenzani
- Laboratory of Genomic Screening Center for Integrative Biology, - CIBIO, University of Trento , Trento , Italy
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Center of Genomic and post-Genomic, IRCCS Mondino Foundation , Pavia , Italy
| | - Anna Maria Di Giulio
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan , Milan , Italy.,Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", University of Milan , Milan , Italy
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11
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Neuroprotection, Recovery of Function and Endogenous Neurogenesis in Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury Following Transplantation of Activated Adipose Tissue. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040329. [PMID: 30965679 PMCID: PMC6523261 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating disease, which leads to paralysis and is associated to substantially high costs for the individual and society. At present, no effective therapies are available. Here, the use of mechanically-activated lipoaspirate adipose tissue (MALS) in a murine experimental model of SCI is presented. Our results show that, following acute intraspinal MALS transplantation, there is an engraftment at injury site with the acute powerful inhibition of the posttraumatic inflammatory response, followed by a significant progressive improvement in recovery of function. This is accompanied by spinal cord tissue preservation at the lesion site with the promotion of endogenous neurogenesis as indicated by the significant increase of Nestin-positive cells in perilesional areas. Cells originated from MALS infiltrate profoundly the recipient cord, while the extra-dural fat transplant is gradually impoverished in stromal cells. Altogether, these novel results suggest the potential of MALS application in the promotion of recovery in SCI.
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12
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Carelli S, Giallongo T, Gombalova Z, Rey F, Gorio MCF, Mazza M, Di Giulio AM. Counteracting neuroinflammation in experimental Parkinson's disease favors recovery of function: effects of Er-NPCs administration. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:333. [PMID: 30501635 PMCID: PMC6271641 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1375-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, presenting with midbrain dopaminergic neurons degeneration. A number of studies suggest that microglial activation may have a role in PD. It has emerged that inflammation-derived oxidative stress and cytokine-dependent toxicity may contribute to nigrostriatal pathway degeneration and exacerbate the progression of the disease in patients with idiopathic PD. Cell therapies have long been considered a feasible regenerative approach to compensate for the loss of specific cell populations such as the one that occurs in PD. We recently demonstrated that erythropoietin-releasing neural precursors cells (Er-NPCs) administered to MPTP-intoxicated animals survive after transplantation in the recipient's damaged brain, differentiate, and rescue degenerating striatal dopaminergic neurons. Here, we aimed to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory actions of Er-NPCs infused in an MPTP experimental model of PD. METHODS The degeneration of dopaminergic neurons was caused by MPTP administration in C57BL/6 male mice. 2.5 × 105 GFP-labeled Er-NPCs were administered by stereotaxic injection unilaterally in the left striatum. Functional recovery was assessed by two independent behavioral tests. Neuroinflammation was investigated measuring the mRNAs levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and immunohistochemistry studies were performed to evaluate markers of inflammation and the potential rescue of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) projections in the striatum of recipient mice. RESULTS Er-NPC administration promoted a rapid anti-inflammatory effect that was already evident 24 h after transplant with a decrease of pro-inflammatory and increase of anti-inflammatory cytokines mRNA expression levels. This effect was maintained until the end of the observational period, 2 weeks post-transplant. Here, we show that Er-NPCs transplant reduces macrophage infiltration, directly counteracting the M1-like pro-inflammatory response of murine-activated microglia, which corresponds to the decrease of CD68 and CD86 markers, and induces M2-like pro-regeneration traits, as indicated by the increase of CD206 and IL-10 expression. Moreover, we also show that this activity is mediated by Er-NPCs-derived erythropoietin (EPO) since the co-injection of cells with anti-EPO antibodies neutralizes the anti-inflammatory effect of the Er-NPCs treatment. CONCLUSION This study shows the anti-inflammatory actions exerted by Er-NPCs, and we suggest that these cells may represent good candidates for cellular therapy to counteract neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephana Carelli
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Polo H. San Paolo, via A di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione Romeo e Enrica Invernizzi, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Toniella Giallongo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Polo H. San Paolo, via A di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Zuzana Gombalova
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Polo H. San Paolo, via A di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Moyzesova 11, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Federica Rey
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Polo H. San Paolo, via A di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Massimiliano Mazza
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, FC Italy
| | - Anna Maria Di Giulio
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Polo H. San Paolo, via A di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione Romeo e Enrica Invernizzi, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Matarredona ER, Talaverón R, Pastor AM. Interactions Between Neural Progenitor Cells and Microglia in the Subventricular Zone: Physiological Implications in the Neurogenic Niche and After Implantation in the Injured Brain. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:268. [PMID: 30177874 PMCID: PMC6109750 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult subventricular zone (SVZ) of the mammalian brain contains neural progenitor cells (NPCs) that continuously produce neuroblasts throughout life. These neuroblasts migrate towards the olfactory bulb where they differentiate into local interneurons. The neurogenic niche of the SVZ includes, in addition to NPCs and neuroblasts, astrocytes, ependymal cells, blood vessels and the molecules released by these cell types. In the last few years, microglial cells have also been included as a key component of the SVZ neurogenic niche. Microglia in the SVZ display unique phenotypic features, and are more densely populated and activated than in non-neurogenic regions. In this article we will review literature reporting microglia-NPC interactions in the SVZ and the role of this bilateral communication in microglial function and in NPC biology. This interaction can take place through the release of soluble factors, extracellular vesicles or gap junctional communication. In addition, as NPCs are used for cell replacement therapies, they can establish therapeutically relevant crosstalks with host microglia which will also be summarized throughout the article.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rocío Talaverón
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Angel M Pastor
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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14
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Carelli S, Giallongo T, Gombalova Z, Merli D, Di Giulio AM, Gorio A. EPO-releasing neural precursor cells promote axonal regeneration and recovery of function in spinal cord traumatic injury. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2018; 35:583-599. [PMID: 29172009 PMCID: PMC5701768 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-170750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating condition characterized by a complex of neurological dysfunctions ranging from loss of sensation to partial or complete limb paralysis. Recently, we reported that intravenous administration of neural precursors physiologically releasing erythropoietin (namely Er-NPCs) enhances functional recovery in animals following contusive spinal cord injury through the counteraction of secondary degeneration. Er-NPCs reached and accumulated at the lesion edges, where they survived throughout the prolonged period of observation and differentiated mostly into cholinergic neuron-like cells. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the potential reparative and regenerative properties of Er-NPCs in a mouse experimental model of traumatic spinal cord injury. Methods and Results: We report that Er-NPCs favoured the preservation of axonal myelin and strongly promoted the regrowth across the lesion site of monoaminergic and chatecolaminergic fibers that reached the distal portions of the injured cord. The use of an anterograde tracer transported by the regenerating axons allowed us to assess the extent of such a process. We show that axonal fluoro-ruby labelling was practically absent in saline-treated mice, while it resulted very significant in Er-NPCs transplanted animals. Conclusion: Our study shows that Er-NPCs promoted recovery of function after spinal cord injury, and that this is accompanied by preservation of myelination and strong re-innervation of the distal cord. Thus, regenerated axons may have contributed to the enhanced recovery of function after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Carelli
- Department of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology, University of Milan, via A di Rudinì, Milan, Italy.,Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - T Giallongo
- Department of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology, University of Milan, via A di Rudinì, Milan, Italy
| | - Z Gombalova
- Department of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology, University of Milan, via A di Rudinì, Milan, Italy.,Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Moyzesova, Kosice, Slovakia (SVK)
| | - D Merli
- Department of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology, University of Milan, via A di Rudinì, Milan, Italy
| | - A M Di Giulio
- Department of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology, University of Milan, via A di Rudinì, Milan, Italy.,Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - A Gorio
- Department of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology, University of Milan, via A di Rudinì, Milan, Italy
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