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Lee KMC, Lupancu T, Achuthan AA, de Steiger R, Hamilton JA. IL-23p19 in osteoarthritic pain and disease. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2024:S1063-4584(24)01209-3. [PMID: 38844159 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2024.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We have previously reported that the interleukin-23 p19 subunit (IL-23p19) is required for experimental inflammatory arthritic pain-like behavior and disease. Even though inflammation is often a characteristic feature of osteoarthritis (OA), IL-23 is not usually considered as a therapeutic target in OA. We began to explore the role of IL-23p19 in OA pain and disease utilizing mouse models of OA and patient samples. DESIGN The role of IL-23p19 in two mouse models of OA, namely collagenase-induced OA and monosodium iodoacetate-induced OA, was investigated using gene-deficient male mice. Pain-like behavior and arthritis were assessed by relative static weight distribution and histology, respectively. In knee synovial tissues from a small cohort of human OA patients, a correlation analysis was performed between IL-23A gene expression and Oxford knee score (OKS), a validated Patient Reported Outcome Measure. RESULTS We present evidence that i) IL-23p19 is required for the development of pain-like behavior and optimal disease, including cartilage damage and osteophyte formation, in two experimental OA models and ii) IL-23A gene expression in OA knee synovial tissues correlates with a lower OKS (r = -0.742, p = 0.0057). CONCLUSIONS The findings support the possible targeting of IL-23 as a treatment for OA pain and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M-C Lee
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.
| | - Tanya Lupancu
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Adrian A Achuthan
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Richard de Steiger
- Department of Surgery, Epworth Healthcare, University of Melbourne, Richmond, Victoria 3121, Australia
| | - John A Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, Victoria 3021, Australia
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Mok TC, Mok CC. Non-TNF biologics and their biosimilars in rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38766765 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2024.2358165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease that affects both the articular and extra-articular structures, leading to significant joint damage, disability and excess mortality. The treatment algorithm of RA has changed tremendously in the past 1-2 decades because of the emergence of novel biological therapies that target different mechanisms of action in addition to TNFα. AREAS COVERED This article summarizes the evidence and safety of the non-TNF biological DMARDs in the treatment of RA, including those that target B cells, T-cell co-stimulation, interleukin (IL)-6 and granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). The targeted synthetic DMARDs such as the Janus kinase inhibitors are not included. The availability of the less costly biosimilars has enabled more patients to receive biological therapy earlier in the course of the disease. The evidence for the non-TNF biosimilar compounds in RA is also reviewed. EXPERT OPINION There are unmet needs of developing novel therapeutic agents to enhance the response rate and provide more options for difficult-to-treat RA. These include the newer generation biologic and targeted synthetic DMARDs. A personalized treatment strategy in RA requires evaluation of the cellular, cytokine, genomic and transcriptomic profile that would predict treatment response to biologic or targeted DMARDs of different mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz Ching Mok
- Department of Medicine, Ruttonjee Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Chiu Mok
- Department of Medicine, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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Balogh L, Oláh K, Sánta S, Majerhoffer N, Németh T. Novel and potential future therapeutic options in systemic autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1249500. [PMID: 38558805 PMCID: PMC10978744 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1249500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune inflammation is caused by the loss of tolerance to specific self-antigens and can result in organ-specific or systemic disorders. Systemic autoimmune diseases affect a significant portion of the population with an increasing rate of incidence, which means that is essential to have effective therapies to control these chronic disorders. Unfortunately, several patients with systemic autoimmune diseases do not respond at all or just partially respond to available conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and targeted therapies. However, during the past few years, some new medications have been approved and can be used in real-life clinical settings. Meanwhile, several new candidates appeared and can offer promising novel treatment options in the future. Here, we summarize the newly available medications and the most encouraging drug candidates in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's disease, systemic sclerosis, systemic vasculitis, and autoimmune myositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Balogh
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE “Lendület” Translational Rheumatology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Oláh
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE “Lendület” Translational Rheumatology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Soma Sánta
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE “Lendület” Translational Rheumatology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nóra Majerhoffer
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE “Lendület” Translational Rheumatology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Németh
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE “Lendület” Translational Rheumatology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Li Z, Han S, Cui G, Xue B, Li J, Man Y, Zhang H, Teng L. Oral liposomes encapsulating ginsenoside compound K for rheumatoid arthritis therapy. Int J Pharm 2023; 643:123247. [PMID: 37467813 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Ginsenoside compound K (GCK) can efficiently treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) due to its immune and anti-inflammatory functions. However, GCK exists some shortcomings such as poor aqueous solubility, low permeability to the intestinal cell membrane, and serious P-gp efflux, thus limiting its application. In order to solve these problems, a folic acid-targeted drug delivery system based on liposomes (FA-LP-GCK) was developed. The prepared FA-LP-GCK had a uniform size distribution and spherical structure, the particle size was 249.13 ± 1.40 nm. Meanwhile, they had high encapsulation efficiency (93.33 ± 0.05 %). FA-LP-GCK also presented good stability in artificial gastric juice, so they can be absorbed into the intestine and enter the blood circulation. The activated RAW 264.7 cells were chosen to evaluate the cytotoxicity and cellular uptake capacity of FA-LP-GCK. FA-LP-GCK showed stronger growth inhibition and cellular uptake ability against activated macrophages. Finally, the efficacy of FA-LP-GCK in vivo was evaluated in the adjuvant arthritis rat model. The results showed that FA-LP-GCK can significantly reduce joint swelling. Furthermore, it can significantly inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and improve synovial hyperplasia of joints and pathological changes in the spleen. Therefore, FA-LP-GCK may be a potential therapeutic approach for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Songren Han
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Guilin Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Beilin Xue
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yuhong Man
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Lesheng Teng
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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Wu D, Luo Y, Li T, Zhao X, Lv T, Fang G, Ou P, Li H, Luo X, Huang A, Pang Y. Systemic complications of rheumatoid arthritis: Focus on pathogenesis and treatment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1051082. [PMID: 36618407 PMCID: PMC9817137 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1051082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As a systemic autoimmune disease, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) usually causes damage not only to joints, but also to other tissues and organs including the heart, kidneys, lungs, digestive system, eyes, skin, and nervous system. Excessive complications are closely related to the prognosis of RA patients and even lead to increased mortality. This article summarizes the serious complications of RA, focusing on its incidence, pathogenesis, clinical features, and treatment methods, aiming to provide a reference for clinicians to better manage the complications of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Zhuang Medical College, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yehao Luo
- School of Second Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tong Li
- Zhuang Medical College, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xinyi Zhao
- Zhuang Medical College, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ting Lv
- Zhuang Medical College, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Gang Fang
- Zhuang Medical College, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Peiqi Ou
- Zhuang Medical College, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongyi Li
- Zhuang Medical College, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaofan Luo
- Zhuang Medical College, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - An Huang
- Zhuang Medical College, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China,*Correspondence: An Huang, ; Yuzhou Pang,
| | - Yuzhou Pang
- Zhuang Medical College, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China,*Correspondence: An Huang, ; Yuzhou Pang,
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Martínez-Ramos S, Rafael-Vidal C, Pego-Reigosa JM, García S. Monocytes and Macrophages in Spondyloarthritis: Functional Roles and Effects of Current Therapies. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030515. [PMID: 35159323 PMCID: PMC8834543 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a family of chronic inflammatory diseases, being the most prevalent ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). These diseases share genetic, clinical and immunological features, such as the implication of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecule 27 (HLA-B27), the inflammation of peripheral, spine and sacroiliac joints and the presence of extra-articular manifestations (psoriasis, anterior uveitis, enthesitis and inflammatory bowel disease). Monocytes and macrophages are essential cells of the innate immune system and are the first line of defence against external agents. In rheumatic diseases including SpA, the frequency and phenotypic and functional characteristics of both cell types are deregulated and are involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases. In fact, monocytes and macrophages play key roles in the inflammatory processes characteristics of SpA. The aim of this review is analysing the characteristics and functional roles of monocytes and macrophages in these diseases, as well as the impact of different current therapies on these cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Martínez-Ramos
- Rheumatology & Immuno-Mediated Diseases Research Group (IRIDIS), Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36312 Vigo, Spain; (S.M.-R.); (C.R.-V.); (J.M.P.-R.)
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospital Complex of Vigo, 36214 Vigo, Spain
| | - Carlos Rafael-Vidal
- Rheumatology & Immuno-Mediated Diseases Research Group (IRIDIS), Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36312 Vigo, Spain; (S.M.-R.); (C.R.-V.); (J.M.P.-R.)
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospital Complex of Vigo, 36214 Vigo, Spain
| | - José M. Pego-Reigosa
- Rheumatology & Immuno-Mediated Diseases Research Group (IRIDIS), Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36312 Vigo, Spain; (S.M.-R.); (C.R.-V.); (J.M.P.-R.)
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospital Complex of Vigo, 36214 Vigo, Spain
| | - Samuel García
- Rheumatology & Immuno-Mediated Diseases Research Group (IRIDIS), Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36312 Vigo, Spain; (S.M.-R.); (C.R.-V.); (J.M.P.-R.)
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospital Complex of Vigo, 36214 Vigo, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-986-217-463
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Corbera-Bellalta M, Alba-Rovira R, Muralidharan S, Espígol-Frigolé G, Ríos-Garcés R, Marco-Hernández J, Denuc A, Kamberovic F, Pérez-Galán P, Joseph A, D'Andrea A, Bondensgaard K, Cid MC, Paolini JF. Blocking GM-CSF receptor α with mavrilimumab reduces infiltrating cells, pro-inflammatory markers and neoangiogenesis in ex vivo cultured arteries from patients with giant cell arteritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2022; 81:524-536. [PMID: 35045965 PMCID: PMC8921590 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-220873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Effective and safe therapies are needed for the treatment of patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA). Emerging as a key cytokine in inflammation, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) may play a role in promoting inflammation in GCA. Objectives To investigate expression of GM-CSF and its receptor in arterial lesions from patients with GCA. To analyse activation of GM-CSF receptor-associated signalling pathways and expression of target genes. To evaluate the effects of blocking GM-CSF receptor α with mavrilimumab in ex vivo cultured arteries from patients with GCA. Methods Quantitative real time PCR, in situ RNA hybridisation, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy, immunoassay, western blot and ex vivo temporal artery culture. Results GM-CSF and GM-CSF receptor α mRNA and protein were increased in GCA lesions; enhanced JAK2/STAT5A expression/phosphorylation as well as increased expression of target genes CD83 and Spi1/PU.1 were observed. Treatment of ex vivo cultured GCA arteries with mavrilimumab resulted in decreased transcripts of CD3ε, CD20, CD14 and CD16 cell markers, and reduction of infiltrating CD16 and CD3ε cells was observed by immunofluorescence. Mavrilimumab reduced expression of molecules relevant to T cell activation (human leukocyte antigen-DR [HLA-DR]) and Th1 differentiation (interferon-γ), the pro-inflammatory cytokines: interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) and IL-1β, as well as molecules related to vascular injury (matrix metalloprotease 9, lipid peroxidation products and inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS]). Mavrilimumab reduced CD34 + cells and neoangiogenesis in GCA lesions. Conclusion The inhibitory effects of mavrilimumab on multiple steps in the GCA pathogenesis cascade in vitro are consistent with the clinical observation of reduced GCA flares in a phase 2 trial and support its development as a therapeutic option for patients with GCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Corbera-Bellalta
- Vasculitis Research Group, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Alba-Rovira
- Vasculitis Research Group, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Georgina Espígol-Frigolé
- Vasculitis Research Group, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberto Ríos-Garcés
- Vasculitis Research Group, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Marco-Hernández
- Vasculitis Research Group, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Farah Kamberovic
- Vasculitis Research Group, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Maria C Cid
- Vasculitis Research Group, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - John F Paolini
- Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals Corp, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
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Chronic pharmacological antagonism of the GM-CSF receptor in mice does not replicate the pulmonary alveolar proteinosis phenotype but does alter lung surfactant turnover. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:2559-2573. [PMID: 34778899 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a key participant in, and a clinical target for, the treatment of inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Therapeutic inhibition of GM-CSF signalling using monoclonal antibodies to the α-subunit of the GM-CSF receptor (GMCSFRα) has shown clear benefit in patients with RA, giant cell arteritis (GCAs) and some efficacy in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, GM-CSF autoantibodies are associated with the development of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP), a rare lung disease characterised by alveolar macrophage (AM) dysfunction and the accumulation of surfactant lipids. We assessed how the anti-GMCSFRα approach might impact surfactant turnover in the airway. Female C57BL/6J mice received a mouse-GMCSFRα blocking antibody (CAM-3003) twice per week for up to 24 weeks. A parallel, comparator cohort of the mouse PAP model, GM-CSF receptor β subunit (GMCSFRβ) knock-out (KO), was maintained up to 16 weeks. We assessed lung tissue histopathology alongside lung phosphatidylcholine (PC) metabolism using stable isotope lipidomics. GMCSFRβ KO mice reproduced the histopathological and biochemical features of PAP, accumulating surfactant PC in both broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lavaged lung tissue. The incorporation pattern of methyl-D9-choline showed impaired catabolism and not enhanced synthesis. In contrast, chronic supra-pharmacological CAM-3003 exposure (100 mg/kg) over 24 weeks did not elicit a histopathological PAP phenotype despite some changes in lung PC catabolism. Lack of significant impairment of AM catabolic function supports clinical observations that therapeutic antibodies to this pathway have not been associated with PAP in clinical trials.
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Iwamoto N, Furukawa K, Endo Y, Shimizu T, Sumiyoshi R, Umeda M, Koga T, Kawashiri SY, Igawa T, Ichinose K, Tamai M, Origuchi T, Kawakami A. Methotrexate Alters the Expression of microRNA in Fibroblast-like Synovial Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111561. [PMID: 34768991 PMCID: PMC8584010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the effect of methotrexate (MTX) on microRNA modulation in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synovial cells (RA-FLS). RA-FLS were treated with MTX for 48 h. We then performed miRNA array analysis to investigate differentially expressed miRNAs. Transfection with miR-877-3p precursor and inhibitor were used to investigate the functional role of miR-877-3p in RA-FLS. Gene ontology analysis was used to investigate the cellular processes involving miR-877-3p. The production of cytokines/chemokines was screened by multiplex cytokine/chemokine bead assay and confirmed by ELISA and quantitative real-time PCR. The migratory and proliferative activities of RA-FLS were analyzed by wound healing assay and MKI-67 expression. MTX treatment altered the expression of 13 miRNAs (seven were upregulated and six were downregulated). Among them, quantitative real-time PCR confirmed that miR-877-3p was upregulated in response to MTX (1.79 ± 0.46-fold, p < 0.05). The possible target genes of miR-877-3p in RA-FLS revealed by the microarray analysis were correlated with biological processes. The overexpression of miR-877-3p decreased the production of GM-CSF and CCL3, and the overexpression of miR-877-3p inhibited migratory and proliferative activity. MTX altered the miR-877-3p expression on RA-FLS, and this alteration of miR-877-3p attenuated the abundant production of cytokines/chemokines and proliferative property of RA-FLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Iwamoto
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8102, Japan; (K.F.); (Y.E.); (T.S.); (R.S.); (M.U.); (T.K.); (S.-y.K.); (T.I.); (K.I.); (M.T.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-95-819-7260; Fax: +81-95-849-7270
| | - Kaori Furukawa
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8102, Japan; (K.F.); (Y.E.); (T.S.); (R.S.); (M.U.); (T.K.); (S.-y.K.); (T.I.); (K.I.); (M.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Yushiro Endo
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8102, Japan; (K.F.); (Y.E.); (T.S.); (R.S.); (M.U.); (T.K.); (S.-y.K.); (T.I.); (K.I.); (M.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Toshimasa Shimizu
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8102, Japan; (K.F.); (Y.E.); (T.S.); (R.S.); (M.U.); (T.K.); (S.-y.K.); (T.I.); (K.I.); (M.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Remi Sumiyoshi
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8102, Japan; (K.F.); (Y.E.); (T.S.); (R.S.); (M.U.); (T.K.); (S.-y.K.); (T.I.); (K.I.); (M.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Masataka Umeda
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8102, Japan; (K.F.); (Y.E.); (T.S.); (R.S.); (M.U.); (T.K.); (S.-y.K.); (T.I.); (K.I.); (M.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Tomohiro Koga
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8102, Japan; (K.F.); (Y.E.); (T.S.); (R.S.); (M.U.); (T.K.); (S.-y.K.); (T.I.); (K.I.); (M.T.); (A.K.)
- Center for Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8102, Japan
| | - Shin-ya Kawashiri
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8102, Japan; (K.F.); (Y.E.); (T.S.); (R.S.); (M.U.); (T.K.); (S.-y.K.); (T.I.); (K.I.); (M.T.); (A.K.)
- Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Department of Community Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8102, Japan
| | - Takashi Igawa
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8102, Japan; (K.F.); (Y.E.); (T.S.); (R.S.); (M.U.); (T.K.); (S.-y.K.); (T.I.); (K.I.); (M.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Kunihiro Ichinose
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8102, Japan; (K.F.); (Y.E.); (T.S.); (R.S.); (M.U.); (T.K.); (S.-y.K.); (T.I.); (K.I.); (M.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Mami Tamai
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8102, Japan; (K.F.); (Y.E.); (T.S.); (R.S.); (M.U.); (T.K.); (S.-y.K.); (T.I.); (K.I.); (M.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Tomoki Origuchi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8102, Japan;
| | - Atsushi Kawakami
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8102, Japan; (K.F.); (Y.E.); (T.S.); (R.S.); (M.U.); (T.K.); (S.-y.K.); (T.I.); (K.I.); (M.T.); (A.K.)
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Chen W, Zhang F, Ju Y, Hong J, Ding Y. Gold Nanomaterial Engineering for Macrophage-Mediated Inflammation and Tumor Treatment. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2000818. [PMID: 33128505 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages play an important role in the body's immune defense process. Phenotype imbalance between M1 and M2 macrophages induced by inflammation-related disorders and tumor can also be reversibly converted to treat these diseases. As exogenous substances, a large part of gold-based nanomaterials interact with macrophages once they enter the body, which provides gold nanomaterials a huge advantage to act as imaging contrasts, active substance carriers, and therapeutic agents for macrophage modulation. By cutting off macrophage recruitment, inhibiting macrophage activities, and modulating M1/M2 polarization, gold nanomaterial engineering exerts therapeutic effects on inflammation-related diseases at target sites. In this review, biological functions of macrophages in inflammation-related diseases are introduced, the effect of physicochemical factors of gold nanomaterials including size, shape, and surface chemistry is focused on the interaction between macrophages and gold nanomaterials, and the applications of gold nanomaterials are elaborated for tracking and treating these diseases by macrophages. The rational and smart engineering of gold nanomaterials allows a promising platform for macrophage-mediated inflammation and tumor imaging and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance Ministry of Education China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Fenfen Zhang
- Research Center for Analysis and Measurement Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Yanmin Ju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 21009 China
| | - Jin Hong
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance Ministry of Education China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Ya Ding
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance Ministry of Education China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
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11
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Maschmeyer P, Heinz GA, Skopnik CM, Lutter L, Mazzoni A, Heinrich F, von Stuckrad SL, Wirth LE, Tran CL, Riedel R, Lehmann K, Sakwa I, Cimaz R, Giudici F, Mall MA, Enghard P, Vastert B, Chang HD, Durek P, Annunziato F, van Wijk F, Radbruch A, Kallinich T, Mashreghi MF. Antigen-driven PD-1 + TOX + BHLHE40 + and PD-1 + TOX + EOMES + T lymphocytes regulate juvenile idiopathic arthritis in situ. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:915-929. [PMID: 33296081 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
T lymphocytes accumulate in inflamed tissues of patients with chronic inflammatory diseases (CIDs) and express pro-inflammatory cytokines upon re-stimulation in vitro. Further, a significant genetic linkage to MHC genes suggests that T lymphocytes play an important role in the pathogenesis of CIDs including juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). However, the functions of T lymphocytes in established disease remain elusive. Here we dissect the transcriptional and the clonal heterogeneity of synovial T lymphocytes in JIA patients by single-cell RNA sequencing combined with T cell receptor profiling on the same cells. We identify clonally expanded subpopulations of T lymphocytes expressing genes reflecting recent activation by antigen in situ. A PD-1+ TOX+ EOMES+ population of CD4+ T lymphocytes expressed immune regulatory genes and chemoattractant genes for myeloid cells. A PD-1+ TOX+ BHLHE40+ population of CD4+ , and a mirror population of CD8+ T lymphocytes expressed genes driving inflammation, and genes supporting B lymphocyte activation in situ. This analysis points out that multiple types of T lymphocytes have to be targeted for therapeutic regeneration of tolerance in arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Maschmeyer
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gitta Anne Heinz
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher Mark Skopnik
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Nephrology and Intensive Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisanne Lutter
- Center for Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Alessio Mazzoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Frederik Heinrich
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sae Lim von Stuckrad
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin SPZ (Center for Chronically Sick Children), Berlin, Germany
| | - Lorenz Elias Wirth
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cam Loan Tran
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - René Riedel
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Lehmann
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Imme Sakwa
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rolando Cimaz
- Anna Meyer Children's Hospital and University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Giudici
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marcus Alexander Mall
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Enghard
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Nephrology and Intensive Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bas Vastert
- Center for Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Hyun-Dong Chang
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pawel Durek
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany.,BCRT/DRFZ Single-Cell Laboratory for Advanced Cellular Therapies - Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
| | - Francesco Annunziato
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Femke van Wijk
- Center for Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Andreas Radbruch
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tilmann Kallinich
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Mir-Farzin Mashreghi
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany.,BCRT/DRFZ Single-Cell Laboratory for Advanced Cellular Therapies - Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
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12
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Bart VMT, Pickering RJ, Taylor PR, Ipseiz N. Macrophage reprogramming for therapy. Immunology 2021; 163:128-144. [PMID: 33368269 PMCID: PMC8114216 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the immune system underlies a plethora of human diseases, requiring the development of immunomodulatory therapeutic intervention. To date, most strategies employed have been focusing on the modification of T lymphocytes, and although remarkable improvement has been obtained, results often fall short of the intended outcome. Recent cutting-edge technologies have highlighted macrophages as potential targets for disease control. Macrophages play central roles in development, homeostasis and host defence, and their dysfunction and dysregulation have been implicated in the onset and pathogenesis of multiple disorders including cancer, neurodegeneration, autoimmunity and metabolic diseases. Recent advancements have led to a greater understanding of macrophage origin, diversity and function, in both health and disease. Over the last few years, a variety of strategies targeting macrophages have been developed and these open new therapeutic opportunities. Here, we review the progress in macrophage reprogramming in various disorders and discuss the potential implications and challenges for macrophage-targeted approaches in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert J Pickering
- Immunology Network, Adaptive Immunity Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK.,Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Philip R Taylor
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Natacha Ipseiz
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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13
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Shamseldin LS, Shawqi MM, Al Hashem NA, Alhyari MAH, Abd Elazeem HAS, Elghazaly SM, Hamdallah A, Ragab KM, Nourelden AZ. Safety and Efficacy of Mavrilimumab For Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Curr Rheumatol Rev 2020; 17:184-192. [PMID: 33185165 DOI: 10.2174/1573397116666201113085444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by progressive swelling and stiffness in the joints. Mavrilimumab is a human monoclonal antibody that may block the autoimmune mechanism of the antibodies causing RA. OBJECTIVE We aim to assess the safety and efficacy of Mavrilimumab in treating rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS We conducted an online search using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL till June 2019, and updated the search in May 2020, using relevant keywords. We screened studies for eligibility. Data were extracted from eligible studies and pooled as Risk ratio (RR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI), using Review Manager software (ver.3.5). RESULTS Five studies (with 1145 patients) were eligible to our criteria. Pooled result from three trials showed a significant reduction in Disease Activity Score 28 based on C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP) remission < 2.6 after 12 weeks (RR = 3.31, 95% CI [1.53, 7.18], P = 0.002), American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 20, after 12 weeks (RR = 2.38, 95% CI [1.80, 3.16], P < 0.00001), ACR 50, after 12 weeks (RR = 2.93, 95% CI [1.67, 5.15], P = 0.0002), ACR 70, after 12 weeks (RR = 4.90, 95% CI [1.60, 15.00], P = 0.005). Mavrilimumab not associated with a significant adverse event (RR = 1.22, 95% CI [0.89, 1.68], P = 0.22). CONCLUSION We found that subcutaneous Mavrilimumab was effective and well-tolerating in treating RA patients, with no significant adverse events.
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14
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Alfaleh MA, Alsaab HO, Mahmoud AB, Alkayyal AA, Jones ML, Mahler SM, Hashem AM. Phage Display Derived Monoclonal Antibodies: From Bench to Bedside. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1986. [PMID: 32983137 PMCID: PMC7485114 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become one of the most important classes of biopharmaceutical products, and they continue to dominate the universe of biopharmaceutical markets in terms of approval and sales. They are the most profitable single product class, where they represent six of the top ten selling drugs. At the beginning of the 1990s, an in vitro antibody selection technology known as antibody phage display was developed by John McCafferty and Sir. Gregory Winter that enabled the discovery of human antibodies for diverse applications, particularly antibody-based drugs. They created combinatorial antibody libraries on filamentous phage to be utilized for generating antigen specific antibodies in a matter of weeks. Since then, more than 70 phage–derived antibodies entered clinical studies and 14 of them have been approved. These antibodies are indicated for cancer, and non-cancer medical conditions, such as inflammatory, optical, infectious, or immunological diseases. This review will illustrate the utility of phage display as a powerful platform for therapeutic antibodies discovery and describe in detail all the approved mAbs derived from phage display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Alfaleh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hashem O Alsaab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Bakur Mahmoud
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Almohanad A Alkayyal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Martina L Jones
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Research Council Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stephen M Mahler
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Research Council Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Anwar M Hashem
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Hamilton JA. GM-CSF in inflammation. J Exp Med 2020; 217:jem.20190945. [PMID: 31611249 PMCID: PMC7037240 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
GM-CSF is a potential therapeutic target in inflammation and autoimmunity. This study reviews the literature on the biology of GM-CSF, in particular that describing the research leading to clinical trials targeting GM-CSF and its receptor in numerous inflammatory/autoimmune conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has many more functions than its original in vitro identification as an inducer of granulocyte and macrophage development from progenitor cells. Key features of GM-CSF biology need to be defined better, such as the responding and producing cell types, its links with other mediators, its prosurvival versus activation/differentiation functions, and when it is relevant in pathology. Significant preclinical data have emerged from GM-CSF deletion/depletion approaches indicating that GM-CSF is a potential target in many inflammatory/autoimmune conditions. Clinical trials targeting GM-CSF or its receptor have shown encouraging efficacy and safety profiles, particularly in rheumatoid arthritis. This review provides an update on the above topics and current issues/questions surrounding GM-CSF biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Hamilton
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
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16
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Lee KMC, Zhang Z, Achuthan A, Fleetwood AJ, Smith JE, Hamilton JA, Cook AD. IL-23 in arthritic and inflammatory pain development in mice. Arthritis Res Ther 2020; 22:123. [PMID: 32471485 PMCID: PMC7345543 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-02212-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cytokine, interleukin-23 (IL-23), can be critical for the progression of inflammatory diseases, including arthritis, and is often associated with T lymphocyte biology. We previously showed that certain lymphocyte-independent, inflammatory arthritis and pain models have a similar requirement for tumour necrosis factor (TNF), granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and C-C motif ligand 17 (CCL17). Given this correlation in cytokine requirements, we explored whether IL-23 might interact with this cytokine cluster in the control of arthritic and inflammatory pain. Methods The role of IL-23 in the development of pain-like behaviour was investigated using mouse arthritis models (zymosan-induced arthritis and GM-CSF-, TNF-, and CCL17-driven monoarticular arthritis) and inflammatory pain models (intraplantar zymosan, GM-CSF, TNF, and CCL17). Additionally, IL-23-induced inflammatory pain was measured in GM-CSF−/−, Tnf−/−, and Ccl17E/E mice and in the presence of indomethacin. Pain-like behaviour and arthritis were assessed by relative weight distribution in hindlimbs and histology, respectively. Cytokine mRNA expression in knees and paw skin was analysed by quantitative PCR. Blood and synovial cell populations were analysed by flow cytometry. Results We report, using Il23p19−/− mice, that innate immune (zymosan)-driven arthritic pain-like behaviour (herein referred to as pain) was completely dependent upon IL-23; optimal arthritic disease development required IL-23 (P < 0.05). Zymosan-induced inflammatory pain was also completely dependent on IL-23. In addition, we found that exogenous TNF-, GM-CSF-, and CCL17-driven arthritic pain, as well as inflammatory pain driven by each of these cytokines, were absent in Il23p19−/− mice; optimal disease in these mBSA-primed models was dependent on IL-23 (P < 0.05). Supporting this cytokine connection, it was found conversely that IL-23 (200 ng) can induce inflammatory pain at 4 h (P < 0.0001) with a requirement for each of the other cytokines as well as cyclooxygenase activity. Conclusions These findings indicate a role for IL-23 in innate immune-mediated arthritic and inflammatory pain with potential links to TNF, GM-CSF, CCL17, and eicosanoid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M-C Lee
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia.
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
| | - Adrian Achuthan
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
| | - Andrew J Fleetwood
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
| | - Julia E Smith
- Adaptive Immunity, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - John A Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew D Cook
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
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17
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Lee KMC, Prasad V, Achuthan A, Fleetwood AJ, Hamilton JA, Cook AD. Targeting GM-CSF for collagenase-induced osteoarthritis pain and disease in mice. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2020; 28:486-491. [PMID: 32028021 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pharmacological options for treating osteoarthritis (OA) are limited and alternative treatments are required. Given the clinical data indicating that granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) may be a therapeutic target in human OA, we evaluated different treatment regimens with a neutralizing anti-GM-CSF monoclonal antibody (mAb) in an experimental OA model to determine their effectiveness on amelioration of pain and disease. METHODS The collagenase-induced osteoarthritis (CiOA) model was induced in C57BL/6 mice, followed by different treatment regimens of anti-GM-CSF mAb or isotype control. Anti-CCL17 mAb treatment was also administered continually during the late stage of CiOA. Pain-related behavior (change in weight distribution of hind limbs), and disease (cartilage damage and osteophyte size) were assessed. RESULTS Blocking GM-CSF only during early synovitis in CiOA prevented pain and disease development. Once OA pain was established, regardless of the treatment regimen, anti-GM-CSF mAb treatment rapidly and efficiently ameliorated it; however, unless the treatment was continued, pain returned and disease progressed. Continual late stage blockade of GM-CSF was able to ameliorate pain (between-group difference: -6.567; 95% confidence interval (CI): -10.12, -3.011) and suppress cartilage damage (P = 0.0317, 95% CI: -1.75, -0.0556). Continual late stage blockade of CCL17 showed similar effects on pain and disease development. CONCLUSIONS Early and short-term GM-CSF neutralization is effective at preventing CiOA pain and disease development but, once pain is evident, continual GM-CSF blockade is required to prevent pain from returning and to suppress disease progression in mice. These data reinforce the potential benefits of anti-GM-CSF (and anti-CCL17) mAb therapy in OA and should inform further clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M-C Lee
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia.
| | - V Prasad
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
| | - A Achuthan
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
| | - A J Fleetwood
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
| | - J A Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - A D Cook
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
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18
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Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor As an Indirect Mediator of Nociceptor Activation and Pain. J Neurosci 2020; 40:2189-2199. [PMID: 32019828 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2268-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between the immune system and the nervous system has been at the center of multiple research studies in recent years. Whereas the role played by cytokines as neuronal mediators is no longer contested, the mechanisms by which cytokines modulate pain processing remain to be elucidated. In this study, we have analyzed the involvement of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in nociceptor activation in male and female mice. Previous studies have suggested GM-CSF might directly activate neurons. However, here we established the absence of a functional GM-CSF receptor in murine nociceptors, and suggest an indirect mechanism of action, via immune cells. We report that GM-CSF applied directly to magnetically purified nociceptors does not induce any transcriptional changes in nociceptive genes. In contrast, conditioned medium from GM-CSF-treated murine macrophages was able to drive nociceptor transcription. We also found that conditioned medium from nociceptors treated with the well established pain mediator, nerve growth factor, could also modify macrophage gene transcription, providing further evidence for a bidirectional crosstalk.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The interaction of the immune system and the nervous system is known to play an important role in the development and maintenance of chronic pain disorders. Elucidating the mechanisms of these interactions is an important step toward understanding, and therefore treating, chronic pain disorders. This study provides evidence for a two-way crosstalk between macrophages and nociceptors in the peripheral nervous system, which may contribute to the sensitization of nociceptors by cytokines in pain development.
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19
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Li X, Kong S, Cao Y. miR-1254 inhibits progression of glioma in vivo and in vitro by targeting CSF-1. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:3128-3138. [PMID: 31994318 PMCID: PMC7077535 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of miRNAs (microRNAs) has been implicated in glioma initiation and progression, although the inherent biochemical mechanisms still remain to be unravelled. This study strived to evaluate the association between CSF‐1 and miR‐1254 and their effect on advancement of glioma cells. The levels of miR‐1254 in glioma cells and tissues were determined by real‐time RT‐PCR. Proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, invasion and migration, were assessed by CCK‐8 assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, transwell assay and wound‐healing assay, respectively. The targeted relationship between miR‐1254 and CSF‐1 was confirmed by dual‐luciferase reporter assay. The effects of CSF‐1 on cellular functions were also assessed. The in vivo effect of miR‐1254 on the formation of a tumour was explored by using the mouse xenograft model. We found in both glioma tissues and glioma cells, the down‐regulated expressions of miR‐1254 while that of CSF‐1 was abnormally higher than normal level. The target relationship between CSF‐1 and miR‐1254 was validated by dual‐luciferase reporter assay. The CSF‐1 down‐regulation or miR‐1254 overexpression impeded the invasion, proliferation and migratory ability of U251 and U87 glioma cells, concurrently occluded the cell cycle and induced cell apoptosis. Moreover, in vivo tumour development was repressed due to miR‐1254 overexpression. Thus, CSF‐1 is targeted directly by miR‐1254, and the miR‐1254/CSF‐1 axis may be a potential diagnostic target for malignant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shiqi Kong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xingtai People's Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei, China
| | - Yingxiao Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xingtai People's Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei, China
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20
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Regan-Komito D, Swann JW, Demetriou P, Cohen ES, Horwood NJ, Sansom SN, Griseri T. GM-CSF drives dysregulated hematopoietic stem cell activity and pathogenic extramedullary myelopoiesis in experimental spondyloarthritis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:155. [PMID: 31919358 PMCID: PMC6952438 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13853-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated hematopoiesis occurs in several chronic inflammatory diseases, but it remains unclear how hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow (BM) sense peripheral inflammation and contribute to tissue damage in arthritis. Here, we show the HSC gene expression program is biased toward myelopoiesis and differentiation skewed toward granulocyte-monocyte progenitors (GMP) during joint and intestinal inflammation in experimental spondyloarthritis (SpA). GM-CSF-receptor is increased on HSCs and multipotent progenitors, favoring a striking increase in myelopoiesis at the earliest hematopoietic stages. GMP accumulate in the BM in SpA and, unexpectedly, at extramedullary sites: in the inflamed joints and spleen. Furthermore, we show that GM-CSF promotes extramedullary myelopoiesis, tissue-toxic neutrophil accumulation in target organs, and GM-CSF prophylactic or therapeutic blockade substantially decreases SpA severity. Surprisingly, besides CD4+ T cells and innate lymphoid cells, mast cells are a source of GM-CSF in this model, and its pathogenic production is promoted by the alarmin IL-33.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Regan-Komito
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - James W Swann
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Philippos Demetriou
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - E Suzanne Cohen
- Biopharmaceutical Research Division, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicole J Horwood
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Bob Champion Research and Education Building, James Watson Road, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Stephen N Sansom
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Thibault Griseri
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK.
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21
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Alfaleh MA, Alsaab HO, Mahmoud AB, Alkayyal AA, Jones ML, Mahler SM, Hashem AM. Phage Display Derived Monoclonal Antibodies: From Bench to Bedside. Front Immunol 2020. [PMID: 32983137 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01986/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become one of the most important classes of biopharmaceutical products, and they continue to dominate the universe of biopharmaceutical markets in terms of approval and sales. They are the most profitable single product class, where they represent six of the top ten selling drugs. At the beginning of the 1990s, an in vitro antibody selection technology known as antibody phage display was developed by John McCafferty and Sir. Gregory Winter that enabled the discovery of human antibodies for diverse applications, particularly antibody-based drugs. They created combinatorial antibody libraries on filamentous phage to be utilized for generating antigen specific antibodies in a matter of weeks. Since then, more than 70 phage-derived antibodies entered clinical studies and 14 of them have been approved. These antibodies are indicated for cancer, and non-cancer medical conditions, such as inflammatory, optical, infectious, or immunological diseases. This review will illustrate the utility of phage display as a powerful platform for therapeutic antibodies discovery and describe in detail all the approved mAbs derived from phage display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Alfaleh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hashem O Alsaab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Bakur Mahmoud
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Almohanad A Alkayyal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Martina L Jones
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stephen M Mahler
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Anwar M Hashem
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Birch GP, Campbell T, Bradley M, Dhaliwal K. Optical Molecular Imaging of Inflammatory Cells in Interventional Medicine-An Emerging Strategy. Front Oncol 2019; 9:882. [PMID: 31572676 PMCID: PMC6751259 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The optical molecular imaging of inflammation is an emerging strategy for interventional medicine and diagnostics. The host's inflammatory response and adaptation to acute and chronic diseases provides unique signatures that have the potential to guide interventions. Thus, there are emerging a suite of molecular imaging and sensing approaches for a variety of targets in this area. This review will focus on two key cellular orchestrators that dominate this area, neutrophils and macrophages, with recent developments in molecular probes and approaches discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin P Birch
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Thane Campbell
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Bradley
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Dhaliwal
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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23
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Abstract
Pre-clinical models and clinical trials demonstrate that targeting the action of the cytokine, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), can be efficacious in inflammation/autoimmunity reinforcing the importance of understanding how GM-CSF functions; a significant GM-CSF-responding cell in this context is likely to be the monocyte. This article summarizes critically the literature on the downstream cellular pathways regulating GM-CSF interaction with monocytes (and macrophages), highlighting some contentious issues, and conclusions surrounding this biology. It also suggests future directions which could be undertaken so as to more fully understand this aspect of GM-CSF biology. Given the focus of this collection of articles on monocytes, the following discussion in general will be limited to this population or to its more mature progeny, the macrophage, even though GM-CSF biology is broader than this.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Hamilton
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, VIC, Australia
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24
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Abstract
Advances in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are attributed to several aspects such as new classification criteria enabling early diagnosis and intensive treatment with the application of treat-to-target principles as well as better understanding of the pathogenesis of RA contributing to the development of targeted therapies. However, reaching remission is still not achieved in most patients with RA, which is one of the driving forces behind the continuous development of novel therapies and the optimization of therapeutic strategies. This review will outline several new therapeutic antibodies modulating anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-10 and pro-inflammatory mediators granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, fractalkine, and IL-6 that are in various stages of clinical development as well as the progress in manufacturing biotechnologies contributing to the next generation of antibodies and their potential to expand the therapeutic armamentarium for RA. In addition, the fate of unsuccessful therapies including agents targeting IL-15, the IL-20 family, IL-21, chemokine CXCL10, B-cell activating factor (BAFF), and regulatory T (Treg) cells or a novel concept targeting synovial fibroblasts via cadherin-11 will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladislav Senolt
- Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic, 128 50, Czech Republic
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25
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Nasonov EL. [New directions of pharmacotherapy of immune - inflammatory rheumatic diseases]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2019; 91:98-107. [PMID: 32598760 DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2019.08.000406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Deciphering immunopathogenesis, expanding the scope of diagnostics and developing new methods for treating human autoimmune diseases are among the priority areas of XXI century medicine. Particularly widely autoimmune pathology is presented in immunoinflammatory rheumatic diseases (IIRD), such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic scleroderma, systemic vasculitis associated with the synthesis of antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies, Sjogren's syndrome, idiopathic inflammatory myopathies and other other types of others. Deciphering the pathogenesis mechanisms of IIRD created the prerequisites for improving pharmacotherapy, which in the future should lead to a dramatic improvement in the prognosis for these diseases. The review discusses new approaches to IIRD pharmacotherapy associated with the inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, IL-17, IL-23, and the prospects for using Janus kinase inhibitors, depending on the prevailing pathogenesis mechanisms - autoimmunity or autoinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Nasonov
- Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology.,Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
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26
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Chan MWY, Viswanathan S. Recent progress on developing exogenous monocyte/macrophage-based therapies for inflammatory and degenerative diseases. Cytotherapy 2019; 21:393-415. [PMID: 30871899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies are a rapidly developing area of regenerative medicine as dynamic treatments that execute therapeutic functions multimodally. Monocytes and macrophages, as innate immune cells that control inflammation and tissue repair, are increasing popular clinical candidates due to their spectrum of functionality. In this article, we review the role of monocytes and macrophages specifically in inflammatory and degenerative disease pathology and the evidence supporting the use of these cells as an effective therapeutic strategy. We compare current strategies of exogenously polarized monocyte/macrophage therapies regarding dosage, delivery and processing to identify outcomes, advances and challenges to their clinical use. Monocytes/macrophages hold the potential to be a promising therapeutic avenue but understanding and optimization of disease-specific efficacy is needed to accelerate their clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mable Wing Yan Chan
- Arthritis Program, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sowmya Viswanathan
- Arthritis Program, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Cell Therapy Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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27
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Yap HY, Tee SZY, Wong MMT, Chow SK, Peh SC, Teow SY. Pathogenic Role of Immune Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Implications in Clinical Treatment and Biomarker Development. Cells 2018; 7:cells7100161. [PMID: 30304822 PMCID: PMC6211121 DOI: 10.3390/cells7100161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, autoimmune, systemic, inflammatory disorder that affects synovial joints, both small and large joints, in a symmetric pattern. This disorder usually does not directly cause death but significantly reduces the quality of life and life expectancy of patients if left untreated. There is no cure for RA but, patients are usually on long-term disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) to suppress the joint inflammation, to minimize joint damage, to preserve joint function, and to keep the disease in remission. RA is strongly associated with various immune cells and each of the cell type contributes differently to the disease pathogenesis. Several types of immunomodulatory molecules mainly cytokines secreted from immune cells mediate pathogenesis of RA, hence complicating the disease treatment and management. There are various treatments for RA depending on the severity of the disease and more importantly, the patient’s response towards the given drugs. Early diagnosis of RA and treatment with (DMARDs) are known to significantly improve the treatment outcome of patients. Sensitive biomarkers are crucial in early detection of disease as well as to monitor the disease activity and progress. This review aims to discuss the pathogenic role of various immune cells and immunological molecules in RA. This review also highlights the importance of understanding the immune cells in treating RA and in exploring novel biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooi-Yeen Yap
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Sabrina Zi-Yi Tee
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Magdelyn Mei-Theng Wong
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Sook-Khuan Chow
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
- Sunway Medical Centre, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Suat-Cheng Peh
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
- Sunway Medical Centre, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Sin-Yeang Teow
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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