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Allen ME, Kamilova E, Monck C, Ceroni F, Hu Y, Yetisen AK, Elani Y. Engineered Bacteria as Living Biosensors in Dermal Tattoos. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2309509. [PMID: 38884139 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Dermal tattoo biosensors are promising platforms for real-time monitoring of biomarkers, with skin used as a diagnostic interface. Traditional tattoo sensors have utilized small molecules as biosensing elements. However, the rise of synthetic biology has enabled the potential employment of engineered bacteria as living analytical tools. Exploiting engineered bacterial sensors will allow for potentially more sensitive detection across a broad biomarker range, with advanced processing and sense/response functionalities using genetic circuits. Here, the interfacing of bacterial biosensors as living analytics in tattoos is shown. Engineered bacteria are encapsulated into micron-scale hydrogel beads prepared through scalable microfluidics. These biosensors can sense both biochemical cues (model biomarkers) and biophysical cues (temperature changes, using RNA thermometers), with fluorescent readouts. By tattooing beads into skin models and confirming sensor activity post-tattooing, our study establishes a foundation for integrating bacteria as living biosensing entities in tattoos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Allen
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, London, W12 0BZ, UK
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, London, W12 0BZ, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- fabriCELL, Imperial College London and King's College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Elina Kamilova
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Carolina Monck
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Francesca Ceroni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Yubing Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ali K Yetisen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Yuval Elani
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, London, W12 0BZ, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- fabriCELL, Imperial College London and King's College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
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Lawand PV, Desai S. Nanobiotechnology-Modified Cellular and Molecular Therapy as a Novel Approach for Autoimmune Diabetes Management. Pharm Nanotechnol 2022; 10:279-288. [PMID: 35927916 DOI: 10.2174/2211738510666220802111315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Several cellular and molecular therapies such as stem cell therapy, cell replacement therapy, gene modification therapy, and tolerance induction therapy have been researched to procure a permanent cure for Type 1 Diabetes. However, due to the induction of undesirable side effects, their clinical utility is questionable. These anti-diabetic therapies can be modified with nanotechnological tools for reducing adverse effects by selectively targeting genes and/or receptors involved directly or indirectly in diabetes pathogenesis, such as the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene, miRNA gene and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) gene. This paper will review the utilities of nanotechnology in stem cell therapy, cell replacement therapy, beta-cell proliferation strategies, immune tolerance induction strategies, and gene therapy for type 1 diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Vasant Lawand
- Department of Pharmacology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, India
| | - Shivani Desai
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, India
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Tummalapalli M, Singh S, Sanwaria S, Gurave PM. Design and development of advanced glucose biosensors via tuned interactions between marine polysaccharides and diagnostic elements – A survey. SENSORS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sintl.2022.100170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Musin EV, Kim AL, Dubrovskii AV, Ariskina EV, Kudryashova EB, Tikhonenko SA. The Pathways to Create Containers for Bacteriophage Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030613. [PMID: 35160602 PMCID: PMC8840248 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health threat. One of the possible ways to solve this problem is phage therapy, but the instability of bacteriophages hinders the development of this approach. A bacteriophage delivery system that stabilizes the phage is one of the possible solutions to this problem. This study is dedicated to exploring methods to create encapsulated forms of bacteriophages for delivery. We studied the effect of proteolytic enzymes on the destruction of the polyelectrolyte microcapsule shell and revealed that protease from Streptomyces griseus was able to destroy the membrane of the microcapsule (dextran sulfate/polyarginine)3 ((DS/PArg)3). In addition, the protease decreased the activity of the bacteriophage in the second hour of incubation, and the phage lost activity after 16 h. It was found that a medium with pH 9.02 did not affect the survival of the bacteriophage or E. coli. The bacteriophages were encapsulated into polyelectrolyte microcapsules (DS/PArg)3. It was established that it is impossible to use microcapsules as a means of delivering bacteriophages since the bacteriophages are inactivated. When bacteriophages were included inside a CaCO3 core, it was demonstrated that the phage retained activity before and after the dissolution of the CaCO3 particle. From the results of this study, we recommend using CaCO3 microparticles as a container for bacteriophage delivery through the acidic stomach barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egor V. Musin
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Science, Institutskaya St., 3, 142290 Puschino, Moscow Region, Russia; (E.V.M.); (A.L.K.); (A.V.D.)
| | - Aleksandr L. Kim
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Science, Institutskaya St., 3, 142290 Puschino, Moscow Region, Russia; (E.V.M.); (A.L.K.); (A.V.D.)
| | - Alexey V. Dubrovskii
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Science, Institutskaya St., 3, 142290 Puschino, Moscow Region, Russia; (E.V.M.); (A.L.K.); (A.V.D.)
| | - Elena V. Ariskina
- All-Russian Collection of Microorganisms (VKM), G. K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Nauki 5, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia; (E.B.K.); (E.V.A.)
| | - Ekaterina B. Kudryashova
- All-Russian Collection of Microorganisms (VKM), G. K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Nauki 5, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia; (E.B.K.); (E.V.A.)
| | - Sergey A. Tikhonenko
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Science, Institutskaya St., 3, 142290 Puschino, Moscow Region, Russia; (E.V.M.); (A.L.K.); (A.V.D.)
- Correspondence:
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Pazos MD, Hu Y, Elani Y, Browning KL, Jiang N, Yetisen AK. Tattoo Inks for Optical Biosensing in Interstitial Fluid. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2101238. [PMID: 34510804 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The persistence of traditional tattoo inks presents an advantage for continuous and long-term health monitoring in point of care devices. The replacement of tattoo pigments with optical biosensors aims a promising alternative for monitoring blood biomarkers. Tattoo inks functionalization enables the control of interstitial biomarkers with correlated concentrations in plasma, to diagnose diseases, evaluate progression, and prevent complications associated with physio pathological disorders or medication mismatches. The specific biomarkers in interstitial fluid provide a new source of information, especially for skin diseases. The study of tattoo inks displays insufficient regulation in their composition, a lack of reports of the related complications, and a need for further studies on their degradation kinetics. This review focuses on tattoo optical biosensors for monitoring dermal interstitial biomarkers and discusses the clinical advantages and main challenges for in vivo implantation. Tattoo functionalization provides a minimally invasive, reversible, biocompatible, real-time sensing with long-term permanence and multiplexing capabilities for the control, diagnosis, and prevention of illness; it enables self-controlling management by the patient, but also the possibility of sending the records to the doctor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martalu D Pazos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Leo Foundation Center for Cutaneous Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Yubing Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Yuval Elani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Kathryn L Browning
- Leo Foundation Center for Cutaneous Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Nan Jiang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ali K Yetisen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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Abstract
The growing trend for personalized medicine calls for more reliable implantable biosensors that are capable of continuously monitoring target analytes for extended periods (i.e., >30 d). While promising biosensors for various applications are constantly being developed in the laboratories across the world, many struggle to maintain reliable functionality in complex in vivo environments over time. In this review, we explore the impact of various biotic and abiotic failure modes on the reliability of implantable biosensors. We discuss various design considerations for the development of chronically reliable implantable biosensors with a specific focus on strategies to combat biofouling, which is a fundamental challenge for many implantable devices. Briefly, we introduce the process of the foreign body response and compare the in vitro and the in vivo performances of state-of-the-art implantable biosensors. We then discuss the latest development in material science to minimize and delay biofouling including the usage of various hydrophilic, biomimetic, drug-eluting, zwitterionic, and other smart polymer materials. We also explore a number of active anti-biofouling approaches including stimuli-responsive materials and mechanical actuation. Finally, we conclude this topical review with a discussion on future research opportunities towards more reliable implantable biosensors.
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Zartner L, Muthwill MS, Dinu IA, Schoenenberger CA, Palivan CG. The rise of bio-inspired polymer compartments responding to pathology-related signals. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:6252-6270. [PMID: 32452509 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00475h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Self-organized nano- and microscale polymer compartments such as polymersomes, giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs), polyion complex vesicles (PICsomes) and layer-by-layer (LbL) capsules have increasing potential in many sensing applications. Besides modifying the physicochemical properties of the corresponding polymer building blocks, the versatility of these compartments can be markedly expanded by biomolecules that endow the nanomaterials with specific molecular and cellular functions. In this review, we focus on polymer-based compartments that preserve their structure, and highlight the key role they play in the field of medical diagnostics: first, the self-assembling abilities that result in preferred architectures are presented for a broad range of polymers. In the following, we describe different strategies for sensing disease-related signals (pH-change, reductive conditions, and presence of ions or biomolecules) by polymer compartments that exhibit stimuli-responsiveness. In particular, we distinguish between the stimulus-sensitivity contributed by the polymer itself or by additional compounds embedded in the compartments in different sensing systems. We then address necessary properties of sensing polymeric compartments, such as the enhancement of their stability and biocompatibility, or the targeting ability, that open up new perspectives for diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Zartner
- Chemistry Department, University of Basel, Mattenstr. 24a, BPR1096, Basel, Switzerland.
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Sharma V, Sundaramurthy A. Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 11:508-532. [PMID: 32274289 PMCID: PMC7113543 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.11.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Multilayer capsules have been of great interest for scientists and medical communities in multidisciplinary fields of research, such as drug delivery, sensing, biomedicine, theranostics and gene therapy. The most essential attributes of a drug delivery system are considered to be multi-functionality and stimuli responsiveness against a range of external and internal stimuli. Apart from the highly explored strong polyelectrolytes, weak polyelectrolytes offer great versatility with a highly controllable architecture, unique stimuli responsiveness and easy tuning of the properties for intracellular delivery of cargo. This review describes the progress in the preparation, functionalization and applications of capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes or their combination with biopolymers. The selection of a sacrificial template for capsule formation, the driving forces involved, the encapsulation of a variety of cargo and release based on different internal and external stimuli have also been addressed. We describe recent perspectives and obstacles of weak polyelectrolyte/biopolymer systems in applications such as therapeutics, biosensing, bioimaging, bioreactors, vaccination, tissue engineering and gene delivery. This review gives an emerging outlook on the advantages and unique responsiveness of weak polyelectrolyte based systems that can enable their widespread use in potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
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9
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Glucose oxidase immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles: Nanobiosensors for fluorescent glucose monitoring. Mikrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2120-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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Chen C, Zhao XL, Li ZH, Zhu ZG, Qian SH, Flewitt AJ. Current and Emerging Technology for Continuous Glucose Monitoring. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17010182. [PMID: 28106820 PMCID: PMC5298755 DOI: 10.3390/s17010182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes has become a leading cause of death worldwide. Although there is no cure for diabetes, blood glucose monitoring combined with appropriate medication can enhance treatment efficiency, alleviate the symptoms, as well as diminish the complications. For point-of-care purposes, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices are considered to be the best candidates for diabetes therapy. This review focuses on current growth areas of CGM technologies, specifically focusing on subcutaneous implantable electrochemical glucose sensors. The superiority of CGM systems is introduced firstly, and then the strategies for fabrication of minimally-invasive and non-invasive CGM biosensors are discussed, respectively. Finally, we briefly outline the current status and future perspective for CGM systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- School of Environmental and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China.
| | - Xue-Ling Zhao
- School of Environmental and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China.
| | - Zhan-Hong Li
- School of Environmental and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China.
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhu
- School of Environmental and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China.
| | - Shao-Hong Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200231, China.
| | - Andrew J Flewitt
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, UK.
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11
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del Mercato LL, Moffa M, Rinaldi R, Pisignano D. Ratiometric Organic Fibers for Localized and Reversible Ion Sensing with Micrometer-Scale Spatial Resolution. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:6417-24. [PMID: 26539625 PMCID: PMC4738409 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201502171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental issue in biomedical and environmental sciences is the development of sensitive and robust sensors able to probe the analyte of interest, under physiological and pathological conditions or in environmental samples, and with very high spatial resolution. In this work, novel hybrid organic fibers that can effectively report the analyte concentration within the local microenvironment are reported. The nanostructured and flexible wires are prepared by embedding fluorescent pH sensors based on seminaphtho-rhodafluor-1-dextran conjugate. By adjusting capsule/polymer ratio and spinning conditions, the diameter of the fibers and the alignment of the reporting capsules are both tuned. The hybrid wires display excellent stability, high sensitivity, as well as reversible response, and their operation relies on effective diffusional kinetic coupling of the sensing regions and the embedding polymer matrix. These devices are believed to be a powerful new sensing platform for clinical diagnostics, bioassays and environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loretta L del Mercato
- CNR NANOTEC-Istitute of Nanotechnology, c/o Campus Ecotekne, Università del Salento, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Maria Moffa
- Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Euromediterranean Center for Nanomaterial Modelling and Technology (ECMT), via Arnesano, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Rosaria Rinaldi
- Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Euromediterranean Center for Nanomaterial Modelling and Technology (ECMT), via Arnesano, 73100, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "Ennio De Giorgi", Università del Salento, via Arnesano, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Dario Pisignano
- Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Euromediterranean Center for Nanomaterial Modelling and Technology (ECMT), via Arnesano, 73100, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "Ennio De Giorgi", Università del Salento, via Arnesano, 73100, Lecce, Italy
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Aggidis AG, Newman JD, Aggidis GA. Investigating pipeline and state of the art blood glucose biosensors to formulate next steps. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 74:243-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Balaconis MK, Luo Y, Clark HA. Glucose-sensitive nanofiber scaffolds with an improved sensing design for physiological conditions. Analyst 2015; 140:716-723. [PMID: 25426497 DOI: 10.1039/c4an01775g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Continuous physiological monitoring of electrolytes and small molecules such as glucose, creatinine, and urea is currently unavailable but achieving such a capability would be a major milestone for personalized medicine. Optode-based nanosensors are an appealing analytical platform for designing in vivo monitoring systems. In addition to the necessary analytical performance, such nanosensors must also be biocompatible and remain immobile at the implantation site. Blood glucose in particular remains a difficult but high-value analyte to monitor continuously. Previously, we developed glucose-sensitive nanosensors that measure glucose by a competitive binding mechanism between glucose and a fluorescent dye to 4-carboxy-3-fluorophenyl boronic acid. To improve the sensitivity and residency time of our reported sensors, we present here a series of new derivatives of 4-carboxy-3-fluorophenyl boronic acid that we screened in a macrosensor format before translating into a nanofiber format with electrospinning. The lead candidate was then implanted subdermally and its residency time was compared to spherical nanosensor analogues. The nanofiber scaffolds were markedly more stable at the implantation site whereas spherical nanosensors diffused away within three hours. Based on the enhanced sensitivity of the new boronic acids and the residency time of nanofibers, this sensor configuration is an important step towards continuous monitoring of glucose and other analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Balaconis
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, 206 TF, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Northeastern University, 206 TF, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Heather A Clark
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Northeastern University, 206 TF, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115
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Park J, Choi Y, Lee M, Jeon H, Kim S. Novel and simple route to fabricate fully biocompatible plasmonic mushroom arrays adhered on silk biopolymer. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:426-431. [PMID: 25407052 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr05172f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A fully biocompatible plasmonic quasi-3D nanostructure is demonstrated by a simple and reliable fabrication method using strong adhesion between gold and silk fibroin. The quasi-3D nature gives rise to complex photonic responses in reflectance that are prospectively useful in bio/chemical sensing applications. Laser interference lithography is utilized to fabricate large-area plasmonic nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonhan Park
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
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del Mercato LL, Ferraro MM, Baldassarre F, Mancarella S, Greco V, Rinaldi R, Leporatti S. Biological applications of LbL multilayer capsules: from drug delivery to sensing. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 207:139-54. [PMID: 24625331 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2014.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) capsules engineered with active elements for targeting, labeling, sensing and delivery hold great promise for the controlled delivery of drugs and the development of new sensing platforms. PEM capsules composed of biodegradable polyelectrolytes are fabricated for intracellular delivery of encapsulated cargo (for example peptides, enzymes, DNA, and drugs) through gradual biodegradation of the shell components. PEM capsules with shells responsive to environmental or physical stimuli are exploited to control drug release. In the presence of appropriate triggers (e.g., pH variation or light irradiation) the pores of the multilayer shell are unlocked, leading to the controlled release of encapsulated cargos. By loading sensing elements in the capsules interior, PEM capsules sensitive to biological analytes, such as ions and metabolites, are assembled and used to detect analyte concentration changes in the surrounding environment. This Review aims to evaluate the current state of PEM capsules for drug delivery and sensing applications.
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Mailloux S, Zavalov O, Guz N, Katz E, Bocharova V. Enzymatic filter for improved separation of output signals in enzyme logic systems towards ‘sense and treat’ medicine. Biomater Sci 2014; 2:184-191. [DOI: 10.1039/c3bm60197h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Poojari R, Srivastava R. Composite alginate microspheres as the next-generation egg-box carriers for biomacromolecules delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2013; 10:1061-76. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2013.796361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Zhi ZL, Khan F, Pickup JC. Multilayer nanoencapsulation: a nanomedicine technology for diabetes research and management. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2013; 100:162-9. [PMID: 23273839 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2012.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanothickness encapsulation using a layer-by-layer technique has applications in several areas of diabetes research, including improved glucose sensors, islet cell transplantation and oral insulin delivery. We have fabricated microvesicles containing a fluorescence lifetime-based glucose sensing system, with bacterial glucose-binding protein as the glucose receptor. Such sensors are suitable for impregnation in the dermis as a 'smart tattoo' type of non-invasive glucose monitoring technology. Nanoencapsulation of islet cells is intended to alleviate the immediate blood-mediated inflammatory reaction which is responsible for early islet loss post-transplant. In an allogeneic diabetic mouse model, nanoencapsulated islets with phosporylcholine-modified polysaccharide coating, significantly extended survival of transplanted islets. In early studies aimed at formulating an effective oral insulin preparation, insulin-chitosan colloids coated with nanolayers of chitosan and heparin had enhanced acid stability and effectively lowered blood glucose in an animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Liang Zhi
- Diabetes Research Group, King's College London School of Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 1UL, UK
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Bennett MG, Naranja RJ. Getting nano tattoos right - a checklist of legal and ethical hurdles for an emerging nanomedical technology. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2013; 9:729-31. [PMID: 23639680 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The nano tattoo represents a nascent technology designed to be implanted in the skin to provide continuous and reliable glucose detection for diabetics. Its potential benefits are compelling not only for its ability to prevent diabetic complications and decrease related social costs, but also for its ease of use and relative patient-user comfort. This Note aims to articulate a checklist of fundamental intellectual property, bioethical and system design issues that are appropriately considered in the pre-clinical, pre-commercialization phase of nano tattoo development. Early and regular consideration of these factors can increase the odds of a societally beneficial dissemination of this device by engaging relevant researcher, medical, patient-user and patient-advocate communities concerned with its appropriate application, as well as policymaking communities focused on effectively managing diabetes-related healthcare costs. The checklist of factors includes fundamental issues and is generally applicable to nanomedical inventions. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR This paper presents a comprehensive list of fundamental intellectual property, bioethical, and system design issues to be considered in the pre-commercialization phase of nanomedicine development, through the specific example of nano tattoo development. Nano tattoo is designed to be implanted in the skin to provide reliable glucose monitoring for diabetics, enabling enhanced prevention of complications and decreased socioeconomic costs.
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Abstract
Fluorescence represents a promising alternative technology to electrochemistry and spectroscopy for accurate analysis of glucose in diabetes; however, no implanted fluorescence glucose assay is currently commercially available. The method depends on the principle of fluorescence, which is the emission of light by a substance after absorbing light. A fluorophore is a molecule that will absorb energy of a specific wavelength and reemit energy at a different wavelength. A fluorescence glucose-sensing molecule can be constructed to increase or decrease in fluorescence from baseline according to the ambient concentration of glucose. A quantum dot is a semiconductor crystal that can serve as a sensor by fluorescing at a desired wavelength or color, depending on the crystal size and materials used. If receptor molecules for glucose can be adsorbed to single-wall carbon nanotubules, then the resulting binding of glucose to these receptors will alter the nanotubes' fluorescence. Fluorescence glucose sensors can provide a continuous glucose reading by being embedded into removable wire-shaped subcutaneous or intravenous catheters as well as other types of implanted structures, such as capsules, microcapsules, microbeads, nano-optodes, or capillary tubes. Fluorescence glucose-sensing methods, which are under development, offer four potential advantages over commercially used continuous glucose monitoring technologies: (1) greater sensitivity to low concentrations of glucose, (2) the possibility of constructing sensors that operate most accurately in the hypoglycemic range by using binding proteins with disassociation constants in this range, (3) less need to recalibrate in response to local tissue reactions around the sensor, and (4) no need to implant either a transmitter or a power source for wireless communication of glucose data. Fluorescence glucose sensors also have four significant disadvantages compared with commercially used continuous glucose monitoring technologies: (1) a damaging foreign body response; (2) a sensitivity to local pH and/or oxygen, which can affect the dye response; (3) potential toxicity of implanted dyes, especially if the implanted fluorophore cannot be fully removed; and (4) the necessity of always carrying a dedicated light source to interrogate the implanted sensor. Fluorescence sensing is a promising method for measuring glucose continuously, especially in the hypoglycemic range. If currently vexing technical and engineering and biocompatibility problems can be overcome, then this approach could lead to a new family of continuous glucose monitors.
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Joshi A, Solanki S, Chaudhari R, Bahadur D, Aslam M, Srivastava R. Multifunctional alginate microspheres for biosensing, drug delivery and magnetic resonance imaging. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:3955-63. [PMID: 21784175 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This research aims to develop and investigate a multifunctional implantable system capable of biosensing, drug delivery and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for continuous monitoring, controlled anti-inflammatory drug delivery and imaging, respectively. A glucose biosensor, diclofenac sodium (Diclo) and magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) were used as the biosensor component, anti-inflammatory agent and MRI contrast agent, respectively. MNP were synthesized by the co-precipitation technique and loaded with the sensor and drug components into alginate microspheres using a commercial droplet generator. The multifunctional system was then characterized using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) and MRI. The MNP were found to be in the size range of 5-15 nm. The final system, comprising the biosensor, drug and MNP loaded inside alginate microspheres, was found to be in the size range of 10-60 μm. Biosensing studies indicated an excellent glucose response curve, with a regression coefficient of 0.974 (0-10mM of glucose, response time: 4 min). In vitro Diclo release shows that MNP loading in alginate microspheres increases the burst release percentage by 11-12% in both 60 and 10 μm particles. However, the duration of release for 85% drug release decreases with MNP loading by 7 and 6 days for 39 the 60 and 10 μm particles, respectively. Super-paramagnetism was confirmed by VSM, with 2.09 and 1.368 emu g(-1), respectively, for the 60 and 10 μm particles, with no hysteresis. MRI showed significant contrast for both sizes. The particles showed an excellent biocompatibility (>80%) for all combinations of formulations. The system shows a great potential for biosensing with concurrent drug delivery and visualization for biomedical applications.
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Chaudhary A, Harma H, Hanninen P, McShane MJ, Srivastava R. Glucose response of near-infrared alginate-based microsphere sensors under dynamic reversible conditions. Diabetes Technol Ther 2011; 13:827-35. [PMID: 21568749 PMCID: PMC3133682 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2011.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minimally invasive optical glucose biosensors with increased functional longevity form one of the most promising techniques for continuous glucose monitoring, because of their long-term stability, reversibility, repeatability, specificity, and high sensitivity. They are based on the principle of competitive binding and fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Moving to the near-infrared region of the spectrum has the potential to improve signal throughput for implanted sensors, but requires a change in dye chemistry that could alter response sensitivity, range, and toxicity profiles. METHODS The near-infrared dissolved-core alginate microsphere sensors were fabricated by emulsion followed by surface coating by layer-by-layer self-assembly. The particles were characterized for sensor stability, sensor response, and reversibility in deionized water and simulated interstitial fluid. The sensor response to step changes in bulk glucose concentrations was also evaluated under dynamic conditions using a microflow cell unit. Finally, in vitro cytotoxicity assays were performed with L929 mouse fibroblast cell lines to demonstrate preliminary biocompatibility of the sensors. RESULTS The glucose sensitivity under controlled and dynamic conditions was observed to be 0.86%/mM glucose with an analytical response range of 0-30 mM glucose, covering both the physiological and pathophysiological range. The sensor demonstrated a repeatable, reversible, and reproducible response, with a maximum response time of 120 s. In vitro cytotoxicity assays revealed nearly 95% viability of cells, thereby suggesting that the alginate microsphere sensor system does not exhibit cytotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS The incorporation of near-infrared dyes shows promise in improving sensor response because of their high sensitivity and improved tissue penetration of infrared light. The sensitivity for the sensors was approximately 1.5 times greater than that observed for visible dye sensors, and the new dye chemistry did not significantly alter the biocompatibility of the materials. These findings provide additional support for the potential application of alginate microspheres and similar systems such as "smart-tattoo" glucose sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Chaudhary
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Harri Harma
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Medicity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pekka Hanninen
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Medicity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Michael J. McShane
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Rohit Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
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