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van Leersum CM, Jaschinski C, Bults M, van der Zwart J. Citizen involvement in research on technological innovations for health, care or well-being: a scoping review. Health Res Policy Syst 2024; 22:119. [PMID: 39223606 PMCID: PMC11367923 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-024-01152-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Citizen science can be a powerful approach to foster the successful implementation of technological innovations in health, care or well-being. Involving experience experts as co-researchers or co-designers of technological innovations facilitates mutual learning, community building, and empowerment. By utilizing the expert knowledge of the intended users, innovations have a better chance to get adopted and solve complex health-related problems. As citizen science is still a relatively new practice for health and well-being, little is known about effective methods and guidelines for successful collaboration. This scoping review aims to provide insight in (1) the levels of citizen involvement in current research on technological innovations for health, care or well-being, (2) the used participatory methodologies, and (3) lesson's learned by the researchers.A scoping review was conducted and reported in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. The search was performed in SCOPUS in January 2021 and included peer-reviewed journal and conference papers published between 2016 and 2020. The final selection (N = 83) was limited to empirical studies that had a clear focus on technological innovations for health, care or well-being and involved citizens at the level of collaboration or higher. Our results show a growing interest in citizens science as an inclusive research approach. Citizens are predominantly involved in the design phase of innovations and less in the preparation, data-analyses or reporting phase. Eight records had citizens in the lead in one of the research phases.Researcher use different terms to describe their methodological approach including participatory design, co-design, community based participatory research, co-creation, public and patient involvement, partcipatory action research, user-centred design and citizen science. Our selection of cases shows that succesful citizen science projects develop a structural and longitudinal partnership with their collaborators, use a situated and adaptive research approach, and have researchers that are willing to abandon traditional power dynamics and engage in a mutual learning experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Margaretha van Leersum
- Department of Science, Technology, and Policy Studies, Faculty of Behavioural, Management, and Social Sciences, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
- Faculty of Humanities, Open University, Heerlen, The Netherlands.
| | - Christina Jaschinski
- Technology, Health, and Care Research Group, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Marloes Bults
- Technology, Health, and Care Research Group, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Johan van der Zwart
- Department of Science, Technology, and Policy Studies, Faculty of Behavioural, Management, and Social Sciences, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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Rioles N, March C, Muñoz CE, Ilkowitz J, Ohmer A, Wolf RM. Stakeholder Engagement in Type 1 Diabetes Research, Quality Improvement, and Clinical Care. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2024; 53:165-182. [PMID: 38272594 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The integration of stakeholder engagement (SE) in research, quality improvement (QI), and clinical care has gained significant traction. Type 1 diabetes is a chronic disease that requires complex daily management and care from a multidisciplinary team across the lifespan. Inclusion of key stakeholder voices, including patients, caregivers, health care providers and community advocates, in the research process and implementation of clinical care is critical to ensure representation of perspectives that match the values and goals of the patient population. This review describes the current framework for SE and its application to research, QI, and clinical care across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine March
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cynthia E Muñoz
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeniece Ilkowitz
- Pediatric Diabetes Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amy Ohmer
- International Children's Advisory Network, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Risa M Wolf
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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3
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Kjellström S, Sarre S, Masterson D. The complexity of leadership in coproduction practices: a guiding framework based on a systematic literature review. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:219. [PMID: 38368329 PMCID: PMC10873973 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-10549-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As coproduction in public services increases, understanding the role of leadership in this context is essential to the tasks of establishing relational partnerships and addressing power differentials among groups. The aims of this review are to explore models of coproduction leadership and the processes involved in leading coproduction as well as, based on that exploration, to develop a guiding framework for coproduction practices. METHODS A systematic review that synthesizes the evidence reported by 73 papers related to coproduction of health and welfare. RESULTS Despite the fact that models of coleadership and collective leadership exhibit a better fit with the relational character of coproduction, the majority of the articles included in this review employed a leader-centric underlying theory. The practice of coproduction leadership is a complex activity pertaining to interactions among people, encompassing nine essential practices: initiating, power-sharing, training, supporting, establishing trust, communicating, networking, orchestration, and implementation. CONCLUSIONS This paper proposes a novel framework for coproduction leadership practices based on a systematic review of the literature and a set of reflective questions. This framework aims to help coproduction leaders and participants understand the complexity, diversity, and flexibility of coproduction leadership and to challenge and enhance their capacity to collaborate effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Kjellström
- The Jönköping Academy for Improvement of Health and Welfare, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Barnarpsgatan 39, Jönköping, Sweden.
| | - Sophie Sarre
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative Care, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Masterson
- The Jönköping Academy for Improvement of Health and Welfare, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Barnarpsgatan 39, Jönköping, Sweden
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Allen NA, Litchman ML, Greenwood DA, Ng A, Sanchez-Birkhead A. Hispanic Diabetes Peer Facilitator Training Needs and Connections to Hispanics With Type 2 Diabetes. HISPANIC HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL 2023; 21:221-227. [PMID: 37221843 DOI: 10.1177/15404153231175998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: There is a gap in the literature on the role of Hispanic peer facilitators (PFs) in online peer-support communities for Hispanics with diabetes. This paper explores bilingual Hispanic PFs' training experiences and their perspectives on their role in a continuous glucose monitoring and online peer support intervention for people with type 2 diabetes. Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with five PFs. A three-stage triangulation of qualitative data using inductive and deductive reasoning was used for the data analysis. Results: We grouped emerging themes into three categories: (a) technical and practical training needs and experiences, (b) building connections through shared diabetes experience, and (c) challenges and benefits of being a PF, such as helplessness, to further support participants and find motivation for their diabetes management. Conclusion: Successful peer facilitation requires more than technical knowledge. PFs need additional communication skills and psychosocial training on diabetes distress, anxiety, and depression. PFs may derive personal benefits in managing their own diabetes and making positive lifestyle changes from participating in an online peer support community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy A Allen
- University of Utah College of Nursing, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | | | - Ashley Ng
- Department of Dietetics, Human Nutrition, and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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Gonzales BR, Litchman ML, Wawrzynski SE, Gomez Hoyos M, Ferrer M, Sun Y. Salud Latina: feasibility of a synchronous online chat for latinos at risk for type 2 diabetes. Inform Health Soc Care 2023; 48:95-107. [PMID: 35485918 DOI: 10.1080/17538157.2022.2069029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the feasibility of Salud Latina, a weekly synchronous online chat intervention, aimed at engaging Latinos in diabetes prevention conversations. Participants were Latino English- and Spanish-speaking individuals. Salud Latina comprised of six synchronous weekly online chats moderated by bilingual Latina moderators trained in diabetes and online engagement. Online chats used open-ended questions. We assessed feasibility, acceptability, and satisfaction of the intervention and qualitatively analyzed the chats to identify barriers and facilitators to healthy behaviors and identify types of support exchanged. Participants (N = 20) were mostly female and English/Spanish bilingual and 80% completed at least four chats. Salud Latina was acceptable, feasible and highly satisfactory. Four themes were identified: (1) barriers to engaging in healthy behaviors, (2) facilitators of healthy behaviors, (3) Salud Latina provides a community of support, and (4) the need to build a Latino culture of health. Participants recognized the importance of engaging in healthy behaviors to prevent or delay T2D. Findings provide insight in how a synchronous online chat intervention could be used to build a social media community within a Latino population to support healthy behaviors. Future research could explore combining synchronous online chats with in-person community or family-level interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle L Litchman
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Utah Diabetes and Endocrinology Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Sarah E Wawrzynski
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Intermountain Primary Children's Hospital, Pediatric Critical Care Services, Salt Lake City, USA
| | | | | | - Ye Sun
- Department of Media and Communication, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Litchman ML, Ng A, Sanchez-Birkhead A, Allen NA, Rodriguez-Gonzales B, Iacob E, Greenwood DA. Combining CGM and an Online Peer Support Community for Hispanic Adults with T2D: A Feasibility Study. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2022; 16:866-873. [PMID: 34414787 PMCID: PMC9264448 DOI: 10.1177/19322968211032278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has identified that people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) within the Hispanic community would benefit from an online peer support community (OPSC) and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data to facilitate diabetes self-management. METHODS A mixed-methods feasibility study enrolled Hispanic, Spanish-speaking adults with T2D, not on insulin. Participants were provided with CGM and access to an OPSC for 12 weeks. Feasibility was assessed by number of eligible participants who enrolled, attrition, quantity of CGM data, validated clinical measures of self-efficacy, quality of life and adverse events. Engagement in the OPSC was measured using objective metrics on the online platform. Qualitative interviews were conducted upon conclusion of the intervention to assess feasibility, acceptability, participant satisfaction, and key recommendations for improvement. RESULTS Of 46 participants screened, 39 were eligible and 26 completed the study. Participants significantly improved self-efficacy scores. Posts in the OPSC related to goal setting had the highest engagement followed by mid-week and end of week check-in posts respectively. Participant interviews described challenges accessing the OPSC platform as a barrier to engagement. Despite this, all participants were satisfied with the intervention. Key recommendations for improvement included providing greater variety of and individualized education and the use of a peer support platform that is easily accessible. CONCLUSIONS The CGM + OPSC intervention tailored to the Hispanic community with T2D was feasible, acceptable and satisfactory and improved participant self-efficacy for diabetes management which may lead to improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Litchman
- University of Utah College of Nursing,
Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Michelle L. Litchman, PhD, FNP-BC, FAANP
University of Utah College of Nursing, 10 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT
84112, USA.
| | - Ashley Ng
- La Trobe University, Department of
Dietetics, Human Nutrition and Sport, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Nancy A. Allen
- University of Utah College of Nursing,
Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Eli Iacob
- University of Utah College of Nursing,
Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Litchman ML, Allen NA, Sanchez-Birkhead A, Ng A, Rodriguez-Gonzales B, Iacob E, Greenwood DA. Continuous Glucose Monitoring Plus an Online Peer Support Community Reinforces Healthy Behaviors in Hispanic Adults With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Spectr 2022; 35:452-460. [PMID: 36561654 PMCID: PMC9668721 DOI: 10.2337/ds21-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Previous research has suggested beneficial glycemic outcomes for people with type 2 diabetes with the use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM); yet, there is a dearth of data examining CGM in diverse populations. Additionally, the use of online peer support communities (OPSCs) can further support the application of CGM information to improve health behaviors. The purpose of this qualitative study was to assess participant experiences with a CGM+OPSC intervention. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted after a 12-week combined CGM+OPSC intervention with Hispanic, Spanish-speaking people with type 2 diabetes not using insulin. The OPSC was managed by five trained bilingual peer facilitators. Interviews were conducted in Spanish. Audio recordings were translated and transcribed and then reviewed by the interviewer for accuracy. Emergent themes were identified through inductive thematic analysis. Results Twenty-six participants completed interviews. Three main themes emerged from the data: 1) CGM supports participants' understanding of the relationship between glucose levels and health behaviors such as healthy eating, being active, taking medication, stress reduction, and improving sleep; 2) the OPSC reinforced how to make healthy choices through personal experiments, collective learning, and social support; and 3) CGM+OPSC supports behavior change and increases confidence. Conclusion When combined, CGM+OPSC interventions appear to create a positive feedback loop to reinforce and optimize healthy behaviors for diabetes self-management in individuals with type 2 diabetes who are not on insulin. The provision of such an intervention tailored to Hispanic, Spanish-speaking individuals has the potential to address the health care disparity seen in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Litchman
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Utah Diabetes and Endocrinology Center, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Nancy A. Allen
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | - Ashley Ng
- Department of Dietetics, Human Nutrition and Sport, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bruno Rodriguez-Gonzales
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Utah Diabetes and Endocrinology Center, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Eli Iacob
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Deborah A. Greenwood
- University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT
- Deborah Greenwood Consulting, Sacramento, CA
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Ng AH, Greenwood DA, Iacob E, Allen NA, Ferrer M, Rodriguez B, Litchman ML. Examining a Continuous Glucose Monitoring Plus Online Peer Support Community Intervention to Support Hispanic Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Feasibility Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e31595. [PMID: 35200153 PMCID: PMC8914754 DOI: 10.2196/31595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes is twice as likely to affect Hispanic people than their White counterparts. Technology and social support may be an important part of behavior change. In this study, we address gaps in diabetes care for Hispanic Spanish-speaking people with diabetes through an online peer support community (OPSC) pilot intervention using Hispanic Spanish-speaking peer facilitators with diabetes to enhance the use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) for diabetes management. Objective This study aims to address gaps in diabetes care for Hispanic Spanish-speaking people with diabetes through an OPSC pilot intervention using Hispanic Spanish-speaking peer facilitators with diabetes to enhance the use of CGM for diabetes management. Methods A mixed-methods, pre-post test design will be used in this feasibility study. A total of 50 Hispanic participants with type 2 diabetes willing to wear a continuous glucose monitor for 13 weeks will be recruited. Hispanic Spanish-speaking peer facilitators with diabetes and experience wearing a continuous glucose monitor will be employed and undergo training. Peer facilitators will help participants learn how CGM data can inform behavior changes via an OPSC. Participants will interact with the private OPSC at least three times a week. Weekly questions and prompts derived from the Association of Diabetes Care and Education Specialists, previously American Association of Diabetes Educators, and seven self-care behaviors will be delivered by peer facilitators to engage participants. Measures of feasibility and acceptability will be determined by the percentage of participants who enroll, complete the study, and use CGM (number of scans) and objective metrics from the OPSC. Efficacy potential outcomes include change in time in range of 70 to 180 mg/dL from baseline to 12 weeks, A1c, diabetes online community engagement, self-efficacy, and quality of life. Additionally, semistructured exit interviews will be conducted. Results Funding for this project was secured in November 2018 and approved by the institutional review board in April 2019. Peer facilitator recruitment and training were undertaken in the second half of 2019, with participant recruitment and data collection conducted in January and April 2020. The study has now concluded. Conclusions This study will generate new evidence about the use of an OPSC for Hispanic Spanish-speaking patients with diabetes to make behavior changes incorporating feedback from CGM. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03799796; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03799796 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR1-10.2196/31595
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley H Ng
- Department of Dietetics, Human Nutrition and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | | | - Eli Iacob
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Nancy A Allen
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Mila Ferrer
- Beyond Type 1, California, CA, United States
| | - Bruno Rodriguez
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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Sinclair M, McCullough JEM, Elliott D, Braz P, Cavero-Carbonell C, Dornan L, Jamry-Dziurla A, João Santos A, Latos-Bieleńska A, Machado A, Páramo-Rodríguez L. Using Social Media as a Research Tool for a Bespoke Web-Based Platform for Stakeholders of Children With Congenital Anomalies: Development Study. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2021; 4:e18483. [PMID: 34779778 PMCID: PMC8663440 DOI: 10.2196/18483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited research evidence exists on the development of web-based platforms for reciprocal communication, coproduction research, and dissemination of information among parents, professionals, and researchers. This paper provides learning and the outcomes of setting up a bespoke web-based platform using social media. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the establishment of a web-based, multicontextual research communication platform for parents and stakeholders of children with congenital anomalies using social media and to identify associated research and ethical and technical challenges. METHODS The ConnectEpeople e-forum was developed using social media platforms with a stakeholder engagement process. A multilevel approach was implemented for reciprocal engagement between parents of children with congenital anomalies, researchers, health care professionals, and other stakeholders using private and invisible and public Facebook groups, closed Twitter groups, and YouTube. Ethical approval was obtained from Ulster University. RESULTS Nonprofit organizations (N=128) were invited to engage with an initial response rate of 16.4% (21/128). Of the 105 parents contacted, 32 entered the private and invisible Facebook groups to participate in the coproduction research. Public Facebook page followers rose to 215, a total of 22 posts had an engagement of >10%, and 34 posts had a reach of over 100. Webinars included requested information on childhood milestones and behavior. YouTube coverage included 106 ConnectEpeople videos with 28,708 impressions. Project information was obtained from 35 countries. The highest Facebook activity occurred during the early morning hours. Achievement of these results required dedicated time management, social media expertise, creativity, and sharing knowledge to curate valuable content. CONCLUSIONS Building and maintaining a multilayered online forum for coproduction and information sharing is challenging. Technical considerations include understanding the functionality and versatility of social media metrics. Social media offers valuable, easily accessible, quantitative, and qualitative data that can drive the reciprocal process of forum development. The identification and integration of the needs of the ConnectEpeople e-forum was a key driver in the dissemination of useful, meaningful, and accessible information. The necessary dedicated administration to respond to requests and posts and collate data required significant time and effort. Participant safety, the development of trust, and the maintenance of confidentiality were major ethical considerations. Discussions on social media platforms enabled parents to support each other and their children. Social media platforms are particularly useful in identifying common family needs related to early childhood development. This research approach was challenging but resulted in valuable outputs requiring further application and testing. This may be of particular importance in response to COVID-19 or future pandemics. Incorporating flexible, adaptable social media strategies into research projects is recommended to develop effective platforms for collaborative and impactful research and dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Sinclair
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Julie E M McCullough
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | | | - Paula Braz
- Epidemiology Department, National Institute of Health Doctor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Clara Cavero-Carbonell
- Rare Diseases Research Unit, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lesley Dornan
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Jamry-Dziurla
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ana João Santos
- Epidemiology Department, National Institute of Health Doctor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal.,Public Health Research Centre, National School of Public Health, Nova University Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anna Latos-Bieleńska
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ausenda Machado
- Epidemiology Department, National Institute of Health Doctor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Lucía Páramo-Rodríguez
- Rare Diseases Research Unit, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, Valencia, Spain
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Zibrowski E, Carr T, McDonald S, Thiessen H, van Dusen R, Goodridge D, Haver C, Marciniuk D, Stobart C, Verrall T, Groot G. A rapid realist review of patient engagement in patient-oriented research and health care system impacts: part one. RESEARCH INVOLVEMENT AND ENGAGEMENT 2021; 7:72. [PMID: 34629118 PMCID: PMC8504114 DOI: 10.1186/s40900-021-00299-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient-oriented research affords individuals with opportunities to genuinely contribute to health care research as members of research teams. While checklists and frameworks can support academic researchers' awareness of patient engagement methods, less guidance appears available to support their understanding of how to develop and maintain collaborative relationships with their patient partners. This knowledge is essential as patient partners report that the social atmospheres of research teams significantly impacts the quality of their experiences. This study sought to develop theory regarding how academic researchers support and sustain patient engagement in patient-oriented research. METHODS A six-step, rapid realist review was conducted: (1) research question development, (2) preliminary theory development, (3) search strategy development; (4) study selection and appraisal, (4) data extraction, analysis and synthesis (5) identification of relevant formal theories, and (6) theory refinement with stakeholders. Findings were additionally distilled by collective competence theory. RESULTS A program theory was developed from 62 international studies which illuminated mechanisms supporting academic researchers to engage patient partners, contexts supporting these mechanisms, and resources that enabled mechanism activation. Interaction between seven contexts (patient-oriented research belief, prior interaction with a healthcare system, prior interaction with a particular academic researcher, educational background of patient partner, prior experience with patient-oriented research, study type, and time lived in a rural-urban setting) and seven mechanisms (deciding to become involved in patient-oriented research, recognizing valuable experiential knowledge, cultural competence, reducing power differentials, respectful team environment, supporting patient partners to feel valued, and readiness to research) resulted in an intermediate outcome (sense of trust). Trust then acted as an eighth mechanism which triggered the final-level outcome (empowered patient-centred lens). CONCLUSIONS Our theory posits that if patient partners trust they are a member of a supportive team working alongside academic researchers who authentically want to incorporate their input, then they are empowered to draw upon their experiential knowledge of health care systems and contribute as researchers in patient-oriented research. Our theory extends conceptual thinking regarding the importance of trust on patient-oriented research teams, how patient partners' trust is shaped by team interactions, and the role that academic researchers have within those interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Zibrowski
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Tracey Carr
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Donna Goodridge
- University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Charlene Haver
- Saskatchewan Centre for Patient-Oriented Research, Health Sciences Building, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Darcy Marciniuk
- University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Christine Stobart
- Saskatchewan Centre for Patient-Oriented Research, Health Sciences Building, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Tanya Verrall
- Saskatchewan Health Quality Council, Atrium Building, Innovation Place, 241 - 111 Research Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 3R2, Canada
| | - Gary Groot
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada.
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Liang D, Jia R, Zhou X, Lu G, Wu Z, Yu J, Wang Z, Huang H, Guo J, Chen C. The effectiveness of peer support on self-efficacy and self-management in people with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2021; 104:760-769. [PMID: 33229189 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of peer support on self-efficacy and self-management in people with type 2 diabetes. METHODS Eight databases were utilized for selecting eligible studies that were published from inception to Jan., 2020. The eligible studies were screened, extracted and then the methodological quality was evaluated independently by two researchers. RevMan version 5.3 software and Stata version 14.0 software were utilized for the meta-analysis. RESULTS Seventeen studies were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with the control group, peer support significantly improved self-efficacy [SMD = 0.41, 95 % CI = (0.20, 0.62), p = 0.0001] and self-management [SMD = 1.21, 95 % CI = (0.58, 1.84), p = 0.0002] in people with type 2 diabetes, but had no significant effect on distress (p = 0.34). CONCLUSIONS Peer support significantly improved self-efficacy and self-management, but there was no clear evidence that peer support improved distress in people with type 2 diabetes. More studies are needed to further verify the validity of the results. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS This meta-analysis suggested that peer support should be considered as a complementary treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes. Medical staff can encourage the use of peer support in the teaching content of patients with type 2 diabetes to improve their self-efficacy and self-management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Liang
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Ruiying Jia
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Guangli Lu
- Institute of Business, School of Business, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China.
| | - Zhen Wu
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Jingfen Yu
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Zihui Wang
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Haitao Huang
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Jieyu Guo
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Chaoran Chen
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China.
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12
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Oser SM, Oser TK. Qualitative Content Analysis of Type 1 Diabetes Caregiver Blogs and Correlations With Caregiver Challenges and Successes. J Patient Exp 2021; 7:957-963. [PMID: 33457528 PMCID: PMC7786671 DOI: 10.1177/2374373520975726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Social media increasingly reflects patient experience, especially for self-managed conditions. We examined family experience with type 1 diabetes (T1D) through qualitative analysis of blogs written by caregivers of children with T1D, survey derived from that analysis, and survey administration among T1D caregivers. Analysis of 140 blog posts and 663 associated comments identified 77 topics, which were categorized into self-management, emotional, challenges, and successes. By subcategory analysis, self-management challenges were strongly correlated between blog content and survey responses (R = .838, P = .005), and emotional challenges were moderately correlated (R = .415, P = .02). Emotional successes were not significantly correlated (R = .161, P = .511), and self-management successes were too few to analyze. The range of topics and the correlations between blog expressions and survey responses highlight the potential of blog analysis to gain insight into the challenges facing families living with T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Oser
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tamara K Oser
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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13
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Greenwood DA, Ross TA, Reifsnider E. Applying a Solution-Focused Approach to Life With Diabetes: Insights Gleaned via Twitter. DIABETES EDUCATOR 2020; 46:485-494. [PMID: 32674724 DOI: 10.1177/0145721720941415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to explore responses of people with diabetes (PWD) when exposed to a solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) approach. This approach focuses on solutions rather than the problems and what is desired in life rather than what will not occur. METHODS Ten SFBT questions were presented for discussion during 1 hour of a Twitter chat on November 14, 2018, during a World Diabetes Day multiple-hour chat. Verbatim transcripts of Twitter data were downloaded from Symplur Signals LLC. Thirty-two participants from 4 countries created 358 tweets, 118 retweets, and 1.5 million impressions. A qualitative content analysis was then completed. RESULTS Five themes emerged regarding the desired future state: more living life, laughter and humor, self-compassion, resilience, and support. There was an overwhelming sense of burden associated with diabetes yet a global feeling of hope, acceptance, and being "capable" to manage diabetes. CONCLUSION Employing SFBT, asking future-directed questions with a focus on solutions and the desired state, generated impactful insights around life with diabetes. Diabetes care and education specialists can incorporate SFBT as a tool to focus diabetes care, education, and support in partnership with PWD. Use of SFBT in diabetes demonstrates potential to strengthen resilience and confidence needed to manage this challenging condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Greenwood
- Deborah Greenwood Consulting, Granite Bay, California.,Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Tami A Ross
- Lexington-Fayette County Health Department, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Elizabeth Reifsnider
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
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14
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Oser TK, Oser SM, Parascando JA, Hessler-Jones D, Sciamanna CN, Sparling K, Nease D, Litchman ML. Social Media in the Diabetes Community: a Novel Way to Assess Psychosocial Needs in People with Diabetes and Their Caregivers. Curr Diab Rep 2020; 20:10. [PMID: 32080765 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-020-1294-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Diabetes is a chronic disease that, regardless of type, requires intensive, ongoing self-management. As a result, people with diabetes (PWD) often have complex environmental, social, behavioral, and informational needs, many of which are unmet in healthcare settings and systems. To help meet these needs, many PWD interact with diabetes online communities (DOCs), including platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and blogs, to share real-life support, problems, and concerns with other PWD, offering a rich source of data on patient-reported outcomes. This article reviews recent psychosocial needs and outcomes identified by studies of DOCs and/or their users. RECENT FINDINGS Participation in DOCs appears driven by a need for psychosocial support, unmet by providers and the healthcare system, as well as a sense of duty to provide it to others. The most common activities observed in DOCs are giving and receiving various types of support: psychosocial, technical, informational, and self-management. General and specific challenges (e.g., continuous glucose monitoring) as well as frustrations and worries associated with those challenges are commonly expressed, leading to reciprocal sharing, support, and encouragement, in a judgment-free manner, from other PWD. This leads users to feel more understood, empowered, validated, less alone, and more supported. Negative findings were reported very rarely and focused more on how other participants used social media rather than on the exchange of misplaced or dangerous information or advice. Diabetes online communities have grown from unmet needs for problem-solving and psychosocial support for living with a complex condition and from the availability of a new communications medium (i.e., social media). This has enabled communities of peers to both seek and receive support for living with diabetes, providing an important supplement to what is provided in healthcare settings and offering valuable information about what is most important to PWD and their families, with the potential to improve psychosocial care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara K Oser
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12631 E. 17th Avenue, Mail Stop F496, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Sean M Oser
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12631 E. 17th Avenue, Mail Stop F496, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Jessica A Parascando
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Danielle Hessler-Jones
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christopher N Sciamanna
- Departments of Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Kerri Sparling
- SixUntilMe.com and KerriSparling.com, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Donald Nease
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12631 E. 17th Avenue, Mail Stop F496, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
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15
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Litchman ML, Walker HR, Ng AH, Wawrzynski SE, Oser SM, Greenwood DA, Gee PM, Lackey M, Oser TK. State of the Science: A Scoping Review and Gap Analysis of Diabetes Online Communities. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2019; 13:466-492. [PMID: 30854884 PMCID: PMC6501517 DOI: 10.1177/1932296819831042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with diabetes are using online resources to engage in diabetes online communities to find diabetes-related support and information. The benefits and consequences of DOC (diabetes online community) use are unclear. This scoping review aims to map existing research focused on organic DOCs in which individuals affected by diabetes are interacting with peers. METHOD A scoping review was conducted to comprehensively report and synthesize relevant literature published prior to 2018. Attention was paid to variations in study design, DOC user and platform characteristics, and potential or actual benefits and consequences. RESULTS Of the 14 486 titles identified, 47 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in this scoping review. No overt definition of the DOC could be identified. Perceived or actual benefits associated with DOC use can be broadly categorized as clinical, behavioral, psychosocial and community outcomes. Perceived, potential, or actual consequences associated with DOC use were categorized as quality of information, risky behavior exploration, acute concerns, psychosocial, privacy, and inactivity. CONCLUSIONS The results of this review strongly suggest DOC use is highly beneficial with relatively few negative consequences. DOC use is an emerging area of research and research gaps exist. Future research should seek to identify benefits and consequences to DOC use in experimental trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Litchman
- College of Nursing, University of Utah,
Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Utah Diabetes and Endocrinology Center,
Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Heather R. Walker
- College of Applied Health Sciences,
University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ashley H. Ng
- Department of Dietetics, Nutrition and
Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Sean M. Oser
- Department of Family and Community
Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | | | - Perry M. Gee
- College of Nursing, University of Utah,
Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Intermountain Healthcare, Nursing
Research, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mellanye Lackey
- Spencer S. Eccles Health Sciences
Library, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Tamara K. Oser
- Department of Family and Community
Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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