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Maiorino MI, Buzzetti R, Irace C, Laviola L, Napoli N, Pitocco D, Esposito K. An updated algorithm for an effective choice of continuous glucose monitoring for people with insulin-treated diabetes. Endocrine 2023; 82:215-225. [PMID: 37676398 PMCID: PMC10543826 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03473-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) is a key tool for insulin-treated people with diabetes (PwD). CGM devices include both real-time CGM (rtCGM) and intermittently scanned CGM (isCGM), which are associated with an improvement of glucose control and less hypoglycemia in clinical trials of people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. METHODS This is an expert position to update a previous algorithm on the most suitable choice of CGM for insulin-treated PwD in light of the recent evidence and clinical practice. RESULTS We identified six different clinical scenarios, including type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, pregnancy on intensive insulin therapy, regular physical exercise, new onset of diabetes, and frailty. The use of rtCGM or isCGM is suggested, on the basis of the predominant clinical issue, as suboptimal glucose control or disabling hypoglycemia, regardless of baseline HbA1c or individualized HbA1c target. CONCLUSION The present algorithm may help to select the best CGM device based on patients' clinical characteristics, needs and clinical context, offering a further opportunity of a "tailored" therapy for people with insulin-treated diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ida Maiorino
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy.
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Naples, Italy.
| | - Raffaella Buzzetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Concetta Irace
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Graecia, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Luigi Laviola
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Napoli
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Research Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Pitocco
- Diabetes Care Unit, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Katherine Esposito
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Naples, Italy
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Colvin L, Tu D, Dunlap D, Rios A, Coté G. A Polarity-Sensitive Far-Red Fluorescent Probe for Glucose Sensing through Skin. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:788. [PMID: 37622875 PMCID: PMC10452146 DOI: 10.3390/bios13080788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The field of glucose biosensors for diabetes management has been of great interest over the past 60 years. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is important to continuously track the glucose level to provide better management of the disease. Concanavalin A (ConA) can reversibly bind to glucose and mannose molecules and form a glucose biosensor via competitive binding. Here, we developed a glucose biosensor using ConA and a fluorescent probe, which generated a fluorescent intensity change based on solvatochromism, the reversible change in the emission spectrum dependent on the polarity of the solvent. The direction in which the wavelength shifts as the solvent polarity increases can be defined as positive (red-shift), negative (blue-shift), or a combination of the two, referred to as reverse. To translate this biosensor to a subcutaneously implanted format, Cyanine 5.5 (Cy5.5)-labeled small mannose molecules were used, which allows for the far-red excitation wavelength range to increase the skin penetration depth of the light source and returned emission. Three Cy5.5-labeled small mannose molecules were synthesized and compared when used as the competing ligand in the competitive binding biosensor. We explored the polarity-sensitive nature of the competing ligands and examined the biosensor's glucose response. Cy5.5-mannotetraose performed best as a biosensor, allowing for the detection of glucose from 25 to 400 mg/dL. Thus, this assay is responsive to glucose within the physiologic range when its concentration is increased to levels needed for an implantable design. The biosensor response is not statistically different when placed under different skin pigmentations when comparing the percent increase in fluorescence intensity. This shows the ability of the biosensor to produce a repeatable signal across the physiologic range for subcutaneous glucose monitoring under various skin tones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Colvin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Dandan Tu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Darin Dunlap
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Alberto Rios
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Gerard Coté
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Pathak K, Saikia R, Sarma H, Pathak MP, Das RJ, Gogoi U, Ahmad MZ, Das A, Wahab BAA. Nanotheranostics: application of nanosensors in diabetes management. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2023; 22:119-133. [PMID: 37255773 PMCID: PMC10225368 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01206-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The objective of the present study is to discuss the use of nanomaterials like nanosensors for diagnosing Diabetes and highlight their applications in the treatment of Diabetes. Methods Diabetes mellitus (D.M.) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia. Orally administered antidiabetic drugs like glibenclamide, glipalamide, and metformin can partially lower blood sugar levels, but long-term use causes kidney and liver damage. Recent breakthroughs in nanotheranostics have emerged as a powerful tool for diabetes treatment and diagnosis. Results Nanotheranostics is a rapidly developing area that can revolutionize diabetes diagnosis and treatment by combining therapy and imaging in a single probe, allowing for pancreas-specific drug and insulin delivery. Nanotheranostic in Diabetes research has facilitated the development of improved glucose monitoring and insulin administration modalities, which promise to improve the quality of life for people with Diabetes drastically. Further, nanomaterials like nanocarriers and unique functional nanomaterials used as nano theranostics tools for treating Diabetes will also be highlighted. Conclusion The nanosensors discussed in this review article will encourage researchers to develop innovative nanomaterials with novel functionalities and properties for diabetes detection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani Pathak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Dibrugarh University, 784006 Dibrugarh, Assam India
| | - Riya Saikia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Dibrugarh University, 784006 Dibrugarh, Assam India
| | - Himangshu Sarma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Dibrugarh University, 784006 Dibrugarh, Assam India
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility (SAIF), Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science (GIPS), Girijananda ChowdhuryUniversity, Guwahati, Assam India
| | - Manash Pratim Pathak
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Assam Down Town University, Panikhaiti, Guwahati, Assam India
| | - Ratna Jyoti Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Dibrugarh University, 784006 Dibrugarh, Assam India
| | - Urvashee Gogoi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Dibrugarh University, 784006 Dibrugarh, Assam India
| | - Mohammad Zaki Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Aparoop Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Dibrugarh University, 784006 Dibrugarh, Assam India
| | - Basel A. Abdel Wahab
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Buder K, Kaefer K, Flietel B, Uzun H, Schroeder T, Sönnichsen C. Integrating Nanosensors into Macroporous Hydrogels for Implantation. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:465-470. [PMID: 35138094 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Macroporous hydrogels are an attractive platform for implantable sensors because the network of interconnected macropores facilitates tissue integration. Embedded sensing elements, in our case, plasmonic gold nanoparticles, can transduce the presence, absence, and concentration of biochemical markers to the outside. We present here how to integrate such nanosensors into a macroporous hydrogel while preserving the nanosensor functionality in order to produce implantable sensors. We demonstrate that out of four different polymers, the poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-poly(ethylene glycole)diacrylate copolymer (pHEMA-PEGDA) results in a working sensor. Our approach of incorporating nanosized sensor elements into a hydrogel matrix generally identifies suitable polymers for implantable sensor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Buder
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Katharina Kaefer
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz 55128, Germany.,Max Planck Graduate Center, Forum Universitatis 2, Building 1111, Mainz 55122, Germany
| | - Bastian Flietel
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Hüseyin Uzun
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Thies Schroeder
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Carsten Sönnichsen
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz 55128, Germany
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Khosravi Ardakani H, Gerami M, Chashmpoosh M, Omidifar N, Gholami A. Recent Progress in Nanobiosensors for Precise Detection of Blood Glucose Level. Biochem Res Int 2022; 2022:2964705. [PMID: 35083086 PMCID: PMC8786499 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2964705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) follows a series of metabolic diseases categorized by high blood sugar levels. Owing to the increasing diabetes disease in the world, early diagnosis of this disease is critical. New methods such as nanotechnology have made significant progress in many areas of medical science and physiology. Nanobiosensors are very sensible and can identify single virus particles or even low concentrations of a material that can be inherently harmful. One of the main factors for developing glucose sensors in the body is the diagnosis of hypoglycemia in individuals with insulin-dependent diabetes. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the most up-to-date and fastest glucose detection method by nanosensors and, as a result, faster and better treatment in medical sciences. In this review, we try to explore new ways to control blood glucose levels and treat diabetes. We begin with a definition of biosensors and their classification and basis, and then we examine the latest biosensors in glucose detection and new biosensors applications, including the artificial pancreas and updating quantum graphene data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mitra Gerami
- Biotechnology Research Center, University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Chashmpoosh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Navid Omidifar
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Gholami
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Chen Y, Ren T, Bramlitt S, Seitz WR. Silica covered stannic oxide nanoparticles-an easily prepared robust substrate for optical sensors. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:105704. [PMID: 34818641 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac3ce3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a facile way to prepare a photophysically inert sensor substrate. Stannic oxide encapsulated silica nanoparticles with average diameters between 30 and 70 nm have been prepared by one-pot reverse-phase emulsion methodology. The constituents and core/shell morphology of the nanoparticles were demonstrated by electron microscopic technology, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction was employed to provide additional constitutional and structural information. It has been shown that nanoparticles prepared by this method are optically clear in suspension. After anchoring optical indicators, this nanoparticle can be utilized as a sensor module both in biology and other analytical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- Chemistry Department, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, United States of America
| | - Tianyu Ren
- Chemistry Department, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, United States of America
| | - Sarah Bramlitt
- Chemistry Department, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, United States of America
| | - W Rudolf Seitz
- Chemistry Department, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, United States of America
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Barani M, Sargazi S, Mohammadzadeh V, Rahdar A, Pandey S, Jha NK, Gupta PK, Thakur VK. Theranostic Advances of Bionanomaterials against Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Preliminary Review. J Funct Biomater 2021; 12:54. [PMID: 34698244 PMCID: PMC8544389 DOI: 10.3390/jfb12040054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most frequent complication during pregnancy. This complex disease is characterized by glucose intolerance and consequent hyperglycemia that begins or is first diagnosed in pregnancy, and affects almost 7% of pregnant women. Previous reports have shown that GDM is associated with increased pregnancy complications and might cause abnormal fetal development. At present, treatments are not suitable for the prevention and management of these patients. As an alternative therapeutic opportunity and a leading scientific technique, nanotechnology has helped enlighten the health of these affected women. Theranostic nanomaterials with unique properties and small sizes (at least <100 nm in one of their dimensions) have been recently engineered for clinics and pharmaceutics. Reducing materials to the nanoscale has successfully changed their properties and enabled them to uniquely interact with cell biomolecules. Several biosensing methods have been developed to monitor glucose levels in GDM patients. Moreover, cerium oxide nanoparticles (NPs), selenium NPs, polymeric NPs, and drug-loaded NPs loaded with therapeutic agents have been used for GDM treatment. Still, there are some challenges associated with the detection limits and toxicity of such nanomaterials. This preliminary review covers the aspects from a fast-developing field to generating nanomaterials and their applications in GDM diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Barani
- Medical Mycology and Bacteriology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913555, Iran;
| | - Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 9816743463, Iran;
| | - Vahideh Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad 1313199137, Iran;
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, Zabol 53898615, Iran
| | - Sadanand Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Korea;
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India;
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Centre, SRUC, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiv Nadar University, Noida 201314, India
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun 248007, India
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Puttananjegowda K, Takshi A, Thomas S. Silicon Carbide Nanoparticles based Nanofibrous Membrane in Comparison with Thin-Film Enzymatic Glucose Sensor. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2021; 20:577-580. [PMID: 34310315 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2021.3100466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This work presents, silicon carbide nanoparticles (SiCNPs) embedded in a conductive polymer (CP) to be electrospun to fabricate a nanofibrous membrane and a thin-film. Electrochemical enzymatic glucose sensing mechanism of an electrospun nanofibrous membrane (ENFM) of SiCNPs in a CP compared to a spin-coated-thin-film (SCTF) of SiCNPs in a CP. Fiber alignment in the form of a matrix is a key factor that determines the physical properties of nanofiber membrane compared to thin-film. It is found that glucose sensing electrodes formed by a SiCNPs-ENFM has enhanced binding of the glucose oxidase (GOx) enzyme within the fibrous membrane as compared to a SiCNPs-SCTF. The SiCNPs-ENFM and SiCNPs-SCTF glucose sensing electrodes were characterized for morphology by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and for electrochemical activity by using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and chronoamperometry (CA) methods. SiCNPs-ENFM based glucose electrodes shown a detection range from a 0.5 mM to 20 mM concentration with a better sensitivity of 387.57 μA/gmMcm2, and low limit of detection (LOD) 552.89 nM compared to SiCNPs-SCTF with sensitivity of 6.477 μA/gmMcm2 and LOD of 60.87 μM. The change in current level with SiCNPs-ENFM was ~14% contrast to ~75% with the SiCNPs-SCTF based glucose sensor over 50 days. The electrochemical analysis results demonstrated that the SiCNPs-ENFM electrode provides enhanced sensitivity, better limit of detection (LOD), and durability compared to SiCNPs-SCTF based glucose sensing electrode.
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Puttananjegowda K, Takshi A, Thomas S. Silicon carbide nanoparticles electrospun nanofibrous enzymatic glucose sensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 186:113285. [PMID: 34004507 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents an electrospun-nanofibrous-membrane (ENFM) of silicon carbide nanoparticles (SiCNPs) with a conductive polymer (CP) for an electrochemical enzymatic glucose sensor. The surface area of a fiber matrix is a key physical property of a nanofiber membrane for enzyme binding. It is found that glucose sensing electrodes, having a SiCNPs-ENFM nanostructure, show enhanced binding of glucose oxidase (GOx) enzyme within the fibrous membrane. Morphological characterization of SiCNPs based ENFM was performed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for SiC nanoparticles. The electrochemical analysis of SiCNPs-ENFM electrode was conducted by using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and chronoamperometry (CA) methods. Glucose concentration was detected at +0.6 V in a 5 mM potassium ferricyanide electrolyte. SiCNPs-ENFM based glucose electrodes show a detection range from 0.5 mM to 20 mM concentration with the sensitivity of 30.75 μA/mM cm2 and the detection limit was 0.56 μM. The lower change in current response for SiCNPs-ENFM based glucose sensing electrodes was observed for a 50 day period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arash Takshi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.
| | - Sylvia Thomas
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.
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Fercher C, Jones ML, Mahler SM, Corrie SR. Recombinant Antibody Engineering Enables Reversible Binding for Continuous Protein Biosensing. ACS Sens 2021; 6:764-776. [PMID: 33481587 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Engineering antibodies to improve target specificity, reduce detection limits, or introduce novel functionality is an important research area for biosensor development. While various affinity biosensors have been developed to generate an output signal upon varying analyte concentrations, reversible and continuous protein monitoring in complex biological samples remains challenging. Herein, we explore the concept of directed evolution to modulate dissociation kinetics of a high affinity anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) single-chain variable antibody fragment (scFv) to enable continuous protein sensing in a label-free binding assay. A mutant scFv library was generated from the wild type (WT) fragment via targeted permutation of four residues in the antibody-antigen-binding interface. A single round of phage display biopanning complemented with high-throughput screening methods then permitted isolation of a specific binder with fast reaction kinetics. We were able to obtain ∼30 times faster dissociation rates when compared to the WT without appreciably affecting overall affinity and specificity by targeting a single paratope that is known to contribute to the binding interaction. Suitability of a resulting mutant fragment to sense varying antigen concentrations in continuous mode was demonstrated in a modified label-free binding assay, achieving low nanomolar detection limits (KD = 8.39 nM). We also confirmed these results using an independent detection mechanism developed previously by our group, incorporating a polarity-dependent fluorescent dye into the scFv and reading out EGFR binding based on fluorescence wavelength shifts. In future, this generic approach could be employed to generate improved or novel binders for proteins of interest, ready for deployment in a broad range of assay platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Fercher
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4072 Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4072 Australia
| | - Martina L. Jones
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4072 Australia
| | - Stephen M. Mahler
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4072 Australia
| | - Simon R. Corrie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia
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Recent Applications of Point-of-Care Devices for Glucose Detection on the Basis of Stimuli-Responsive Volume Phase Transition of Hydrogel. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-021-00001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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