1
|
Lin J, Liao Y, Yang S, Jin T, Yu B, Zhao K, Sai Y, Lin C, Song Y, Ma H, Wang Z. Identification a novel Ganoderma FIP gene from Ganoderma capense and its functional expression in Pichia pastoris. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:69. [PMID: 38225505 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03869-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Ganoderma capense is a precious medicinal fungus in China. In this study, a novel fungal immunomodulatory protein gene, named as FIP-gca, was cloned from G. capense by homologous cloning. Sequencing analysis indicated that FIP-gca was composed of 336 bp, which encoded a polypeptide of 110 amino acids. Protein sequence blasting and phylogenetic analysis showed that FIP-gca shared homology with other Ganoderma FIPs. FIP-gca was effectively expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115 at an expression level of 166.8 mg/L and purified using HisTrap™ fast-flow prepack columns. The immunomodulation capacity of rFIP-gca was demonstrated by that rFIP-gca could obviously stimulate cell proliferation and increase IL-2 secretion of murine spleen lymphocytes. Besides, antitumor activity of rFIP-gca towards human stomach cancer AGS cell line was evaluated in vitro. Cell wound scratch assay proved that rFIP-gca could inhibit migration of AGS cells. And flow cytometry assay revealed that rFIP-gca could significantly induce apoptosis of AGS cells. rFIP-gca was able to induce 18.12% and 22.29% cell apoptosis at 0.3 μM and 0.6 μM, respectively. Conclusively, the novel FIP-gca gene from G. capense has been functionally expressed in Pichia and rFIP-gca exhibited ideal immunomodulation and anti-tumour activities, which implies its potential application and study in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Lin
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, China
| | - Yating Liao
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, China
| | - Sijia Yang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, China
| | - Taicheng Jin
- School of Life Science, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, China
| | - Boning Yu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, China
| | - Yixiao Sai
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, China
| | - Cheng Lin
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanhua Song
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Ma
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, China.
| | - Zhanyong Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lin J, Chen H, Bai Y, Li S, Liang G, Fan T, Gao N, Wu X, Li H, Chen G, Gao Y, Fan J. Ganoderma immunomodulatory proteins: mushrooming functional FIPs. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:2367-2380. [PMID: 35348851 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11839-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fungal immunomodulatory protein (FIP) is a novel functional protein family with specific immunomodulatory activity identified from several macro-fungi. A variety of biological activities of FIPs have been reported, such as anti-allergy, anti-tumor, mitogenic activity, and immunomodulation. Among all known FIPs, the firstly discovered FIP was isolated from Ganoderma lucidum, and most FIP members were from Ganoderma genus. Compared with other FIPs, Ganoderma FIPs possess some advantageous bioactivities, like stronger anti-tumor activity. Therein, gene sequences, protein structural features, biofunctions, and recombinant expression of Ganoderma FIPs were summarized and addressed, focusing on elucidating their anti-tumor activity and molecular mechanisms. Combined with current advances, development potential and application of Ganoderma FIPs were also prospected. KEY POINTS: • More than a dozen of reported FIPs are identified from Ganoderma species. • Ganoderma immunomodulatory proteins have superior anti-tumor activity with promising prospects and application. • Current review comprehensively addresses characterization, biofunctions, and anti-tumor mechanisms of Ganoderma FIPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Lin
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110032, China.,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China.,Liaoning Province Academy of Forest Sciences, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Huan Chen
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110032, China.,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yudong Bai
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110032, China.,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Shoukun Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110032, China.,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Gengyuan Liang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110032, China.,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Tianning Fan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110032, China.,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Ningyuan Gao
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110032, China.,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Xiupeng Wu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110032, China.,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110032, China.,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Liaoning Province Academy of Forest Sciences, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yingxu Gao
- Liaoning Province Academy of Forest Sciences, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Jungang Fan
- Liaoning Province Academy of Forest Sciences, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Meng W, Chen T. Association between the HGF/c‑MET signaling pathway and tumorigenesis, progression and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (Review). Oncol Rep 2021; 46:191. [PMID: 34278495 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most aggressive and lethal malignancies with a rising incidence, and is characterized by rapid progression, frequent metastasis, late diagnosis, high postoperative recurrence and poor prognosis. Therefore, novel treatment strategies for HCC, particularly advanced HCC, are urgently required. The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c‑mesenchymal‑epithelial transition receptor (c‑MET) axis is a key signaling pathway in HCC and is strongly associated with its highly malignant features. Available treatments based on HGF/c‑MET inhibition may prolong the lifespan of patients with HCC; however, they do not achieve the desired therapeutic effects. The aim of the present article was to review the basic knowledge regarding the role of the HGF/c‑MET signaling pathway in HCC, and examine the association between the HGF/c‑MET signaling pathway and the tumorigenesis, progression and prognosis of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Meng
- School of Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, P.R. China
| | - Tao Chen
- School of Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao S, Gao Q, Rong C, Wang S, Zhao Z, Liu Y, Xu J. Immunomodulatory Effects of Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms and Their Bioactive Immunoregulatory Products. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E269. [PMID: 33171663 PMCID: PMC7712035 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms have been valued as food and health supplements by humans for centuries. They are rich in dietary fiber, essential amino acids, minerals, and many bioactive compounds, especially those related to human immune system functions. Mushrooms contain diverse immunoregulatory compounds such as terpenes and terpenoids, lectins, fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIPs) and polysaccharides. The distributions of these compounds differ among mushroom species and their potent immune modulation activities vary depending on their core structures and fraction composition chemical modifications. Here we review the current status of clinical studies on immunomodulatory activities of mushrooms and mushroom products. The potential mechanisms for their activities both in vitro and in vivo were summarized. We describe the approaches that have been used in the development and application of bioactive compounds extracted from mushrooms. These developments have led to the commercialization of a large number of mushroom products. Finally, we discuss the problems in pharmacological applications of mushrooms and mushroom products and highlight a few areas that should be improved before immunomodulatory compounds from mushrooms can be widely used as therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (S.Z.); (Q.G.); (C.R.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Qi Gao
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (S.Z.); (Q.G.); (C.R.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Chengbo Rong
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (S.Z.); (Q.G.); (C.R.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shouxian Wang
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (S.Z.); (Q.G.); (C.R.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhekun Zhao
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (S.Z.); (Q.G.); (C.R.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (S.Z.); (Q.G.); (C.R.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jianping Xu
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fungal immunomodulatory proteins: characteristic, potential antitumor activities and their molecular mechanisms. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:307-314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
6
|
You RI, Wu WS, Cheng CC, Wu JR, Pan SM, Chen CW, Hu CT. Involvement of N-glycan in Multiple Receptor Tyrosine Kinases Targeted by Ling-Zhi-8 for Suppressing HCC413 Tumor Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 11:cancers11010009. [PMID: 30577605 PMCID: PMC6356446 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is resulted from tumor metastasis. Signaling pathways triggered by deregulated receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) were the promising therapeutic targets for prevention of HCC progression. However, RTK-based target therapy using conventional kinase-based inhibitors was often hampered by resistances due to compensatory RTKs signaling. Herein, we report that Ling-Zhi-8 (LZ-8), a medicinal peptide from Ganoderma lucidium, was effective in suppressing cell migration of HCC413, by decreasing the amount and activity of various RTKs. These led to the suppression of downstream signaling including phosphorylated JNK, ERK involved in HCC progression. The capability of LZ-8 in targeting multiple RTKs was ascribed to its simultaneous binding to these RTKs. LZ-8 may bind on the N-linked glycan motif of RTKs that is required for their maturation and function. Notably, pretreatment of the N-glycan trimming enzyme PNGase or inhibitors of the mannosidase (N-glycosylation processing enzyme), kifunensine (KIF) and swainsonine (SWN), prevented LZ-8 binding on the aforementioned RTKs and rescued the downstream signaling and cell migration suppressed by LZ-8. Moreover, pretreatment of KIF prevented LZ-8 triggered suppression of tumor growth of HCC413. Our study suggested that a specific type of N-glycan is the potential target for LZ-8 to bind on multiple RTKs for suppressing HCC progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ren-In You
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Sheng Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan.
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan.
| | - Chuan-Chu Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan.
| | - Jia-Ru Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan.
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan.
| | - Siou-Mei Pan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Wen Chen
- School of Chinese medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Tan Hu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan.
- Research Centre for Hepatology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 97004, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lu CT, Leong PY, Hou TY, Huang SJ, Hsiao YP, Ko JL. Ganoderma immunomodulatory protein and chidamide down-regulate integrin-related signaling pathway result in migration inhibition and apoptosis induction. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 51:39-47. [PMID: 30466626 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In terms of melanoma, recent advances have been made in target therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors, but durable remission is rare. Ganoderma immunomodulatory proteins (GMI) induce a cytotoxic effect in cancer cells via autophagy. However, the role of GMI in melanoma is not clear. PURPOSE The aims of this study are to investigate the inhibiting effects of GMI combined with chidamide on survival and metastases of melanoma cells via integrin-related signaling pathway and to propose strategies for combining GMI and chidamide using animal model. METHODS Cell viability was measured by cell CCK-8. The activities of apoptosis- and migration-related proteins were detected on Western blot. Flow cytometry was used to analyze cell cycle distribution and sub-G1 fraction in treated melanoma cells. To evaluate the activity of combination GMI and chidamide treatment, an in vivo anti-tumor metastasis study was performed. RESULTS GMI combined with chidamide additively induced apoptosis. GMI inhibited the expressions of Integrin α5, αV, β1, and β3. The level of p-FAK was inhibited by GMI. Combination treatment of GMI and chidamide decreased survivin and increased cleaved caspase-7 and LC3 II/I. Integrin-αV overexpression activated p-FAK pathways in A375.S2 cells. GMI significantly inhibited cell growth and migration of A375.S2 cells on wound healing assay. In vivo, GMI combined with chidamide suppressed distal tumor metastasis. CONCLUSION GMI inhibits the migration and growth of melanoma cells via integrin-related signaling pathway. GMI and chidamide induces apoptosis. In vivo, GMI and chidamide additively reduce distant metastases. GMI and chidamide are potential immunotherapeutic adjuvant for metastatic melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Te Lu
- Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pui-Ying Leong
- Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yi Hou
- Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Jia Huang
- Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ping Hsiao
- Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Jiunn-Liang Ko
- Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Oncology and Chest Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cao Y, Xu X, Liu S, Huang L, Gu J. Ganoderma: A Cancer Immunotherapy Review. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1217. [PMID: 30410443 PMCID: PMC6209820 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma is a significant source of natural fungal medicines and has been used for the treatment of various diseases for many years. However, the use of Ganoderma in cancer immunotherapy is poorly elucidated. In this study, we have analyzed 2,398 English-language papers and 6,968 Chinese-language papers published between 1987 and 2017 by using bibliometrics. A steady growth in the number of publications was observed before 2004, followed by an exponential increase between 2004 and 2017. The most common category for publications about Ganoderma was "Pharmacology & Pharmacy," in which immunomodulation (25.60%) and cancer treatment (21.40%) were the most popular subcategories. Moreover, we have provided an overview of the bioactive components and combinatorial immunomodulatory effects for the use of Ganoderma in the treatment of cancer, including the major pathways of immune cells. Immunomodulatory protein and polysaccharides are the key bioactive factors responsible for cancer immunotherapy, and the NF-κB and MAPK pathways are the most comprehensively investigated major pathways. Our results indicate that Ganoderma has a broad-spectrum application for the treatment of cancer through the regulation of the immune system. This review provides guidance for future research into the role of Ganoderma in cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Shujing Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Linfang Huang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
HGF/c-MET: A Promising Therapeutic Target in the Digestive System Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113295. [PMID: 30360560 PMCID: PMC6274736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The HGF/c-MET pathway is active in the development of digestive system cancers, indicating that inhibition of HGF/c-MET signaling may have therapeutic potential. Various HGF/c-MET signaling inhibitors, mainly c-MET inhibitors, have been tested in clinical trials. The observed efficacy and adverse events of some c-MET inhibitors were not very suitable for treating digestive system cancers. The development of new HGF/c-MET inhibitors in preclinical studies may bring promising treatments and synergistic combination (traditional anticancer drugs and c-MET inhibitors) strategies provided anacceptable safety and tolerability. Insights into miRNA biology and miRNA therapeutics have made miRNAs attractive tools to inhibit HGF/c-MET signaling. Recent reports show that several microRNAs participate in inhibiting HGF/c-MET signaling networks through antagonizing c-MET or HGF in digestive system cancers, and the miRNAs-HGF/c-MET axis plays crucial and novel roles for cancer treatment. In the current review, we will discuss recent findings about inhibitors of HGF/c-MET signaling in treating digestive system cancers, and how miRNAs regulate digestive system cancers via mediating HGF/c-MET pathway.
Collapse
|
10
|
Chuang CH, Wang LY, Wong YM, Lin ES. Anti-metastatic effects of isolinderalactone via the inhibition of MMP-2 and up regulation of NM23-H1 expression in human lung cancer A549 cells. Oncol Lett 2018. [PMID: 29541242 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic lung cancer is a leading cause of mortality and has a mortality rate of ≥90%. Isolinderalactone (ILL) is a sesquiterpene lactone compound that has been used in traditional Chinese medicine. Research has demonstrated that ILL has anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties; however, to the best of our knowledge, studies investigating whether ILL can inhibit lung cancer cell metastasis have not been conducted. In the present study, 1-10 µM ILL was applied in the culturing of the A549 lung cancer cell line to investigate the effects of ILL on the invasion and migration of lung cancer cells, including whether the possible mechanisms of ILL are associated with the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and NME/NM23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 1 (NM23-H1) genes. The results of the present study indicated that ILL inhibited the invasion and migration of the A549 cancer cells and exhibited a dose-response association. ILL also significantly inhibited the protein expression and activity of MMP-2 (P<0.05), exhibiting a trend similar to that of its invasion- and migration-associated properties. Further research revealed that ILL significantly increased the expression of NM23-H1 protein and inhibited the expression of β-catenin protein (P<0.05). The results of the present study is, to the best of our knowledge, the first to confirm that ILL can inhibit the invasion and migration of A549 cancer cells, with the possible mechanisms potentially involving the inhibition of MMP-2 and β-catenin protein expression resulting from the up regulation of NM23-H1 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hung Chuang
- Department of Nutrition, Hungkuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Li-Yu Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Hungkuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yuen Man Wong
- Department of Nutrition, Hungkuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - En-Shyh Lin
- Department of Beauty Science, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung 40343, Taiwan, R.O.C
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hou R, Wang D, Lu J. MicroRNA-10b inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion in cervical cancer cells via direct targeting of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:5009-5015. [PMID: 28599502 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are deregulated in numerous types of human cancers and have crucial roles in the carcinogenesis and progression of human cancers. MicroRNA-10b (miR-10b) has been studied in several types of human cancer. However, the expression and roles of miR-10b in cervical cancer remain unknown. In the present study, the expression, functions and molecular mechanisms of miR-10b were explored in cervical cancer. The present data revealed that miR-10b was significantly downregulated in cervical cancer tissues and cell lines. In addition, miR-10b overexpression inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells, while miR-10b under-expression had the opposite effect. Based on bioinformatics analysis, a luciferase reporter assay and western blot analysis, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) was identified as a direct target of miR-10b in cervical cancer. In addition, IGF-1R small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of IGF-1R also inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of the cervical cancer cells. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that miR-10b serves an important role in cervical cancer progression by targeting IGF-1R.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ren Hou
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
| | - Daixian Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong 276826, P.R. China
| | - Jian Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chang WT, Chuang CH, Lee WJ, Huang CS. Extract of Monascus purpureus CWT715 Fermented from Sorghum Liquor Biowaste Inhibits Migration and Invasion of SK-Hep-1 Human Hepatocarcinoma Cells. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21121691. [PMID: 27941649 PMCID: PMC6272986 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the most endemic cancer in a large region of the world. This study investigated the anti-metastatic effects of an extract of Monascus purpureus CWT715 (MP) fermented from sorghum liquor biowaste and its mechanisms of action in highly metastatic human hepatocarcinoma SK-Hep-1 cells. Kinmen sorghum liquor waste was used as the primary nutrient source to produce metabolites (including pigments) of MP. In the presence of 10 µg/mL MP-fermented broth (MFB), the anti-invasive activity increased with increasing fermentation time reaching a maximum at six days of fermentation. Interestingly, MFB also produced maximal pigment content at six days. Treatment for 24 h with MFB (10–100 µg/mL) obtained from fermentation for six days significantly inhibited cell migration and invasion, and these effects were concentration-dependent. MFB also significantly enhanced nm23-H1 protein expression in a concentration-dependent manner, which was highly correlated with migration and invasion. These results suggest that MFB has significant anti-migration and anti-invasion activities and that these effects are associated with the induction of nm23-H1 protein expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Teish Chang
- Department of Food Science, National Penghu University of Science and Technology, Penghu Hsien 88046, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Hung Chuang
- Department of Nutrition, Hungkuang University, 1018 Sec. 6 Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung 43302, Taiwan.
| | - Wan-Ju Lee
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
| | - Chin-Shiu Huang
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ou CC, Hsiao YM, Hou TY, Wu MF, Ko JL. Fungal immunomodulatory proteins alleviate docetaxel-induced adverse effects. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
|
14
|
Wu JR, Hu CT, You RI, Ma PL, Pan SM, Lee MC, Wu WS. Preclinical trials for prevention of tumor progression of hepatocellular carcinoma by LZ-8 targeting c-Met dependent and independent pathways. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0114495. [PMID: 25607934 PMCID: PMC4301873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the most lethal cancers. Mounting studies highlighted the essential role of the HGF/c-MET axis in driving HCC tumor progression. Therefore, c-Met is a potential therapeutic target for HCC. However, several concerns remain unresolved in c-Met targeting. First, the status of active c-Met in HCC must be screened to determine patients suitable for therapy. Second, resistance and side effects have been observed frequently when using conventional c-Met inhibitors. Thus, a preclinical system for screening the status of c-Met signaling and identifying efficient and safe anti-HCC agents is urgently required. In this study, immunohistochemical staining of phosphorylated c-Met (Tyr1234) on tissue sections indicated that HCCs with positive c-Met signaling accounted for approximately 46% in 26 cases. Second, many patient-derived HCC cell lines were established and characterized according to motility and c-Met signaling status. Moreover, LZ8, a medicinal peptide purified from the herb Lingzhi, featuring immunomodulatory and anticancer properties, was capable of suppressing cell migration and slightly reducing the survival rate of both c-Met positive and negative HCCs, HCC372, and HCC329, respectively. LZ8 also suppressed the intrahepatic metastasis of HCC329 in SCID mice. On the molecular level, LZ8 suppressed the expression of c-Met and phosphorylation of c-Met, ERK and AKT in HCC372, and suppressed the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK, and AKT in HCC329. According to receptor array screening, the major receptor tyrosine kinase activated in HCC329 was found to be the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Moreover, tyrosine-phosphorylated EGFR (the active EGFR) was greatly suppressed in HCC329 by LZ8 treatment. In addition, LZ8 blocked HGF-induced cell migration and c-Met-dependent signaling in HepG2. In summary, we designed a preclinical trial using LZ8 to prevent the tumor progression of patient-derived HCCs with c-Met-positive or -negative signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ru Wu
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualein, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tan Hu
- Research Centre for Hepatology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and Department of Internal Medicine Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ren-In You
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualein, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualein, Taiwan
| | - Siou-Mei Pan
- Research Centre for Hepatology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and Department of Internal Medicine Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Che Lee
- Department of Surgery, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Sheng Wu
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualein, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualein, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chang YC, Hsiao YM, Wu MF, Ou CC, Lin YW, Lue KH, Ko JL. Interruption of lung cancer cell migration and proliferation by fungal immunomodulatory protein FIP-fve from Flammulina velutipes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:12044-12052. [PMID: 24274472 DOI: 10.1021/jf4030272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
FIP-fve is an immunomodulatory protein isolated from Flammulina velutipes that possesses anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. However, little is known about its anticancer effects. It is suppressed cell proliferation of A549 lung cancer cells on MTT assay following 48 h treatment of FIP-fve. FIP-fve treatment also resulted in cell cycle arrest but not apoptosis on flow cytometry. This immunomodulatory protein was observed to increase p53 expression, as well as the expression of its downstream gene p21, on Western blot. FIP-fve inhibited migration of A549 cells on wound healing assay and decreased filopodia fiber formation on labeling with Texas Red-X phalloidin. To confirm the effect of FIP-fve on the role of Rac1 in filopodia formation, we investigated the activity of Rac1 in A549 cells following FIP-fve treatment. FIP-fve inhibited EGF-induced activation of Rac1. We demonstrated that FIP-fve decreases RACGAP1 mRNA and protein levels on RT-PCR and Western blot. In addition, the reporter activity of RACGAP1 was reduced by FIP-fve on RacGAP1 promoter assay. Silencing of RacGAP1 decreased cell migration, and overexpression of RacGAP1 increased cell migration in A549 cells. In conclusion, FIP-fve inhibits lung cancer cell migration via RacGAP1 and suppresses the proliferation of A549 via p53 activation pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Chang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University , No. 110, Sec. 1, Chien-Kuo N. Road, Taichung 40203, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
High-Level Expression, Purification and Production of the Fungal Immunomodulatory Protein-Gts in Baculovirus-Infected Insect Larva. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 169:976-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-0049-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
17
|
Li QZ, Wang XF, Zhou XW. Recent status and prospects of the fungal immunomodulatory protein family. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2011; 31:365-75. [PMID: 21651437 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2010.543967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
With the exception of polysaccharides and triterpenes/triterpenoids compounds, fungal immunomodulatory protein (FIP), a small molecule protein, is also an important bioactive component with immune regulating activity. It plays a significant role in immunomodulating. The objective of this paper was to review the latest advances in various aspects of research on FIPs, including their basic components and structural character, characters of diversity, gene cloning and expression, and their biological function, etc. In addition, prospects of utilization value and the exploitation foreground of FIPs were also discussed. The review will provide a useful reference for further research, development, and utilizations of FIPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Zhang Li
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ou CC, Hsiao YM, Wang WH, Ko JL, Lin MY. Stability of fungal immunomodulatory protein, FIP-gtsand FIP-fve, in IFN-γ production. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/09540100903247688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
|
19
|
Liao CH, Hsiao YM, Lin CH, Yeh CS, Wang JCH, Ni CH, Hsu CP, Ko JL. Induction of premature senescence in human lung cancer by fungal immunomodulatory protein from Ganoderma tsugae. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46:1851-9. [PMID: 18329152 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2007] [Revised: 01/10/2008] [Accepted: 01/20/2008] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Purified recombinant fungal immunomodulatory protein from Ganoderma tsugae (reFIP-gts) has anti-telomerase effects in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. However, how reFIP-gts affects cancer cell fates remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that reFIP-gts-treated lung cancer cells are arrested at G1 phase by flow cytometry and possess morphological phenotype consistent with cellular senescence. The senescent nature of these cells was supported by positive staining for senescence-associated beta-galactosidase activity and increased lysosomal content in A549 and CaLu-1 lung cancer cells. Arrest of cells at G1 appears to be the key means through which reFIP-gts induces premature cellular senescence in A549 cells. Finally, reFIP-gts- treated A549 cells grew more slowly and formed significantly fewer cell colonies in soft agar than untreated A549 cells. In an in vivo mouse model, A549 cells treated with reFIP-gts grew significantly slower than cells treated with PBS alone, confirming that lung tumor can be inhibited by reFIP-gts. The use of reFIP-gts may be a powerful new strategy for chemoprevention and antineoplastic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Huang Liao
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Toxicology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|