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Coler B, Cervantes O, Li M, Coler C, Li A, Shivakumar M, Every E, Schwartz D, Adams Waldorf KM. Common pathways targeted by viral hemorrhagic fever viruses to infect the placenta and increase the risk of stillbirth. Placenta 2023; 141:2-9. [PMID: 36939178 PMCID: PMC10102255 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHF) are endemic to Africa, South America and Asia and contribute to significant maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Viruses causing VHFs are typically zoonotic, spreading to humans through livestock, wildlife, or mosquito vectors. Some of the most lethal VHF viruses also impart a high-risk of stillbirth including ebolaviruses, Marburg virus (MARV), Lassa virus (LASV), and Rift Valley Fever Virus (RVFV). Large outbreaks and epidemics are common, though the impact on the mother, fetus and placenta is understudied from a public health, clinical and basic science perspective. Notably, these viruses utilize ubiquitous cellular surface entry receptors critical for normal placental function to enable viral invasion into multiple key cell types of the placenta and set the stage for maternal-fetal transmission and stillbirth. We employ insights from molecular virology and viral immunology to discuss how trophoblast expression of viral entry receptors for VHF viruses may increase the risk for viral transmission to the fetus and stillbirth. As the frequency of VHF outbreaks is expected to increase with worsening climate change, understanding the pathogenesis of VHF-related diseases in the placenta is paramount to predicting the impact of emerging viruses on the placenta and perinatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahm Coler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Orlando Cervantes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Miranda Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | | | - Amanda Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Case Western Reserve, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Megana Shivakumar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Emma Every
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Kristina M Adams Waldorf
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Szenasi NL, Toth E, Balogh A, Juhasz K, Karaszi K, Ozohanics O, Gelencser Z, Kiraly P, Hargitai B, Drahos L, Hupuczi P, Kovalszky I, Papp Z, Than NG. Proteomic identification of membrane-associated placental protein 4 (MP4) as perlecan and characterization of its placental expression in normal and pathologic pregnancies. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6982. [PMID: 31259093 PMCID: PMC6589330 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background More than 50 human placental proteins were isolated and physico-chemically characterized in the 70–80s by Hans Bohn and co-workers. Many of these proteins turned to have important role in placental functions and diagnostic significance in pregnancy complications. Among these proteins was membrane-associated placental protein 4 (MP4), for which identity or function has not been identified yet. Our aim was to analyze the sequence and placental expression of this protein in normal and complicated pregnancies including miscarriage, preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome. Methods Lyophilized MP4 protein and frozen healthy placental tissue were analyzed using HPLC-MS/MS. Placental tissue samples were obtained from women with elective termination of pregnancy (first trimester controls, n = 31), early pregnancy loss (EPL) (n = 13), early preeclampsia without HELLP syndrome (n = 7) and with HELLP syndrome (n = 8), late preeclampsia (n = 8), third trimester early controls (n = 5) and third trimester late controls (n = 9). Tissue microarrays were constructed from paraffin-embedded placentas (n = 81). Slides were immunostained with monoclonal perlecan antibody and evaluated using light microscopy and virtual microscopy. Perlecan was also analyzed for its expression in placentas from normal pregnancies using microarray data. Results Mass spectrometry-based proteomics of MP4 resulted in the identification of basement membrane-specific heparan sulfate proteoglycan core protein also known as perlecan. Immunohistochemistry showed cytoplasmic perlecan localization in syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblasts of the villi. Perlecan immunoscore decreased with gestational age in the placenta. Perlecan immunoscores were higher in EPL compared to controls. Perlecan immunoscores were higher in early preeclampsia without and with HELLP syndrome and lower in late preeclampsia than in respective controls. Among patients with preeclampsia, placental perlecan expression positively correlated with maternal vascular malperfusion and negatively correlated with placental weight. Conclusion Our findings suggest that an increased placental perlecan expression may be associated with hypoxic ischaemic injury of the placenta in miscarriages and in early preeclampsia with or without HELLP syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolett Lilla Szenasi
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Toth
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,MS Proteomics Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Balogh
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kata Juhasz
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Karaszi
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Oliver Ozohanics
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Gelencser
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Kiraly
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beata Hargitai
- West Midlands Perinatal Pathology, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Laszlo Drahos
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Petronella Hupuczi
- Maternity Private Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ilona Kovalszky
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Papp
- Maternity Private Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nandor Gabor Than
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Maternity Private Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Budapest, Hungary
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Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection Demonstrates Higher Replicative Capacity and Decreased Antiviral Response in the First-Trimester Placenta. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:7375217. [PMID: 30882005 PMCID: PMC6383429 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7375217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is a rodent disease that can be transmitted to humans. A majority of persons infected with LCMV have only minor symptoms; however, it can cross the placental barrier during pregnancy and cause congenital defects in the fetus. Some viral infections early in gestation are hypothesized to lead to worse outcomes compared to those acquired during late gestation; however, LCMV has not been studied in this context. In the present study, differences in immunomodulation between the first- and third-trimester placental explants infected with LCMV were measured. LCMV replication was observed in the first-trimester chorionic villi, but not in term. The term placenta exhibited a robust innate immune response to infection by LCMV, marked by induction of ifn-α, il-6, and tnf-α gene expression which was not seen in the first-trimester explants. Cytokine secretion was also only seen in term explants. The results indicate that the first-trimester and term placentas differ in their permissiveness for LCMV infection, inversely correlating with the innate antiviral responses. This has implications for developing effective mechanisms that protect the fetus from infection based on stage of development.
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Theiler RN, Snyder RR, Theiler SK. Dystroglycan in human fetal membranes decreases in later gestation and with spontaneous membrane rupture. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2014; 79:244-9. [PMID: 25341560 DOI: 10.1159/000367894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The transmembrane protein dystroglycan (DG) is known to anchor the cell membrane to the extracellular matrix, and is susceptible to cleavage by matrix metalloproteinases. This study tested the hypothesis that changes in DG abundance in fetal membranes (FM) occur late in gestation, with spontaneous rupture of membranes (SROM), and during labor. METHODS FM were collected from a prospective cohort consisting of four groups of patients (term labor, term unlabored, preterm labor, and preterm unlabored). FM were subjected to immunohistochemical staining using antibodies specific for α- and β-DG subunits, and staining intensity was graded by a blinded pathologist. RESULTS α- and β-DG staining was significantly decreased at term and after SROM (p < 0.05), but not in the presence of labor. CONCLUSIONS Decreased DG intensity was seen in FM of patients at term and with SROM, but no change was observed with labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regan N Theiler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex., USA
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Harris ID, Polotsky AJ. SGI 2012: what's new in obstetrics/gynecology and reproductive medicine: an update from the Society for Gynecologic Investigation. WOMEN'S HEALTH (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2012; 8:359-361. [PMID: 22757726 DOI: 10.2217/whe.12.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The Society for Gynecologic Investigation (SGI) hosted its 59th Annual Meeting in San Diego (CA, USA) on 21-24 March 2012. The program attracted 1313 attendees, 918 from the USA and Canada and 395 from the rest of the world. The event was hosted by the SGI president Stephen J Lye and the program director Stephen Matthews. The mission of the SGI is to discover, review, report and transfer new knowledge through creative research and training, community integration and partnerships that improve the reproductive health of women everywhere. More than 1100 abstracts were presented at the meeting, 172 of which were oral presentations. A selection of notable presentations are highlighted here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isiah D Harris
- University of Colorado Denver, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Advanced Reproductive Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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