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Clain E, Kaizer LK, Sammel MD, Wang J, Homer M, Uhler M, Hoyos LR, Devine K, Polotsky AJ. Mild obesity does not affect perinatal outcome in gestational carrier cycles. Hum Reprod 2024:deae079. [PMID: 38636947 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deae079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does BMI of gestational carriers (GCs) affect perinatal outcomes after embryo transfer? SUMMARY ANSWER Overweight and class I obesity in GCs does not affect the rate of good perinatal outcomes. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The use of GCs is increasing, but uniform guidance regarding optimal BMI for GCs is lacking. Women with obesity who conceive without fertility treatment or through autologous or donor in vitro fertilization are at higher risk of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, but data on obesity in GCs are very limited. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We performed a retrospective cohort study of 1121 GC cycles from January 2015 to December 2020 at US Fertility, the largest national partnership of fertility practices in the USA. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, AND METHODS All GC cycles performed at a large network of fertility practices were reviewed. Same-sex partners undergoing co-IVF were excluded. The primary outcome was good perinatal outcome from the first embryo transfer, defined as a singleton live birth at ≥37 weeks of gestation with birth weight between 2500 and 4000 g. Secondary outcome measures included frequencies of live birth, clinical pregnancy, miscarriage, full-term birth, low birth weight, large for gestational age, and cesarean delivery. A generalized linear model (log-binomial) was used for each to compare outcomes across BMI groups using normal BMI (20-24.9 kg/m2) as the reference group. Risk ratios and 95% CIs were estimated for each category group relative to normal BMI. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE We identified 1121 cycles in which GCs underwent first embryo transfer, of which 263 (23.5%) were in GCs with BMI >30. Demographics and reproductive history for GCs did not differ by BMI groups. The age of intended parents, use of frozen eggs, and fresh embryo transfers were higher with increasing BMI group. There were no statistically significant associations between BMI and good perinatal outcomes, live birth, clinical pregnancy, biochemical, spontaneous abortion, or low birth weight. However, among live births, higher BMI was significantly associated with birth by cesarean (P = 0.015) and large for gestational age infants (P = 0.023). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This was a retrospective study, and there may be unmeasured confounders. The number of patients with BMI <20 or ≥35 was small, limiting the power for these groups. We were not able to assess all maternal and fetal outcomes. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS In this study, we did not identify any significant impact of BMI on the chances of having a good perinatal outcome. Prior research studies have been inconsistent and this is the largest study to date. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) No external funding was received for this work. The authors do not have any conflicts of interest to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Clain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - L K Kaizer
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - M D Sammel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - J Wang
- Shady Grove Fertility, NY, USA
| | - M Homer
- Reproductive Science Center, CA, USA
| | - M Uhler
- Fertility Centers of Illinois, IL, USA
| | - L R Hoyos
- IVF Florida Reproductive Associates, FL, USA
| | - K Devine
- Shady Grove Fertility, Washington, DC, USA
| | - A J Polotsky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Shady Grove Fertility, Denver, CO, USA
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Lersten IL, Grau L, Jahandideh S, Devine K, Zalles L, Plosker SM, Imudia AN, Hoyos LR, Uhler ML, Homer M, Roeca C, Sammel MD, Polotsky AJ. High estradiol levels in fresh embryo transfer cycles are not associated with detrimental impact on birth outcomes. J Assist Reprod Genet 2024; 41:893-902. [PMID: 38600428 PMCID: PMC11052734 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-024-03062-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE There is an unclear relationship between estradiol levels and fresh embryo transfer (ET) outcomes. We determined the relationship between estradiol on the day of trigger, in fresh ET cycles without premature progesterone elevation, and good birth outcomes (GBO). METHODS We identified autologous fresh ET cycles from 2015 to 2021 at multiple clinics in the USA. Patients with recurrent pregnancy loss, uterine factor, and elevated progesterone on the day of trigger (progesterone > 2 ng/mL or 3-day area under the curve > 4.5 ng/mL) were excluded. The primary outcome was GBO (singleton, term, live birth with appropriate weight). Log-binomial generalized estimating equations determined the likelihood of outcomes. RESULTS Of 17,608 fresh ET cycles, 5025 (29%) yielded GBO. Cycles with estradiol ≥ 4000 pg/mL had a greater likelihood of GBO compared to cycles < 1000 pg/mL (aRR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.13-1.54). Pairwise comparisons of estradiol between < 1000 pg/mL versus 1000-1999 pg/mL and 1000-1999 pg/mL versus 2000-2999 pg/mL revealed a higher likelihood of GBO with higher estradiol (aRR 0.83, 95% CI 0.73-0.95; aRR 0.91, 95% CI 0.85-0.97, respectively). Comparisons amongst more elevated estradiol levels revealed that the likelihood of GBO remained similar between groups (2000-2999 pg/mL versus 3000-3999 pg/mL, aRR 1.04, 95% CI 0.97-1.11; 3000-3999 pg/mL versus ≥ 4000 pg/mL, aRR 0.96, 95% CI 0.9-1.04). CONCLUSION In fresh ET cycles, higher estradiol levels were associated with an increased prevalence of GBO until estradiol 2000-2999 pg/mL, thereafter plateauing. In fresh ET candidates, elevated estradiol levels should not preclude eligibility though premature progesterone rise, and risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome must still be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy L Lersten
- University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, 12631 E 17Th Ave, Mail Stop B-198, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Shady Grove Fertility, Greenwood Village, CO, USA.
| | - Laura Grau
- University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | | | | | - Shayne M Plosker
- Shady Grove Fertility, Tampa, FL, USA
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Anthony N Imudia
- Shady Grove Fertility, Tampa, FL, USA
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Luis R Hoyos
- IVF Florida Reproductive Associates, Margate, FL, USA
| | | | - Michael Homer
- Reproductive Science Center of the Bay Area, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cassandra Roeca
- University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, 12631 E 17Th Ave, Mail Stop B-198, Aurora, CO, USA
- Shady Grove Fertility, Greenwood Village, CO, USA
| | - Mary D Sammel
- University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, 12631 E 17Th Ave, Mail Stop B-198, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alex J Polotsky
- University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, 12631 E 17Th Ave, Mail Stop B-198, Aurora, CO, USA
- Shady Grove Fertility, Greenwood Village, CO, USA
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Johnson J, Polotsky AJ. An "iron-clad" link between obesity and accelerated depletion of the ovarian reserve. Fertil Steril 2023; 120:819-820. [PMID: 37544472 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Johnson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Alex J Polotsky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Shady Grove Fertility Colorado, Greenwood Village, Colorado
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Luu TH, Kuhn K, Bradford AP, Wempe MF, Wittenburg L, Johnson RL, Carlson NE, Kumar TR, Polotsky AJ. Effects of pulsatile intravenous follicle-stimulating hormone treatment on ovarian function in women with obesity. Fertil Steril 2023; 120:890-898. [PMID: 37276947 PMCID: PMC10526695 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2023.05.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish conditions for effective hypothalamic suppression in women with normal and high body mass index (BMI) and test the hypothesis that intravenous (IV) administration of pulsatile recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (rFSH) can overcome the clinically evident dysfunctional pituitary-ovarian axis in women with obesity. DESIGN Prospective interventional study. SETTING Academic medical center. PATIENT(S) Twenty-seven normal-weight women and 27 women with obesity, who were eumenorrheic and aged 21-39 years. INTERVENTION(S) Two-day frequent blood sampling study, in early follicular phase, before and after cetrorelix suppression of gonadotropins and exogenous pulsatile IV rFSH administration. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Serum inhibin B and estradiol (E2) levels (basal and rFSH stimulated). RESULT(S) A modified gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonism protocol effectively suppressed production of endogenous gonadotropins in women with normal and high BMIs, providing a model to address the functional role of FSH in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. The IV rFSH treatment resulted in equivalent serum levels and pharmacodynamics in normal-weight women and those with obesity. However, women with obesity exhibited reduced basal levels of inhibin B and E2 and a significantly decreased response to FSH stimulation. The BMI was inversely correlated with serum inhibin B and E2. In spite of this observed deficit in ovarian function, pulsatile IV rFSH treatment in women with obesity resulted in E2 and inhibin B levels comparable with those in normal-weight women, in the absence of exogenous FSH stimulation. CONCLUSION(S) Despite normalization of FSH levels and pulsatility by exogenous IV administration, women with obesity demonstrate ovarian dysfunction with respect to E2 and inhibin B secretion. Pulsatile FSH can partially correct the relative hypogonadotropic hypogonadism of obesity, thereby providing a potential treatment strategy to mitigate some of the adverse effects of high BMI on fertility, assisted reproduction, and pregnancy outcomes. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT02478775.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Ha Luu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Katherine Kuhn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
| | - Andrew P Bradford
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Michael F Wempe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Luke Wittenburg
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Rachel L Johnson
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Nichole E Carlson
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - T Rajendra Kumar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Alex J Polotsky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Shady Grove Fertility, Greenwood Village, Colorado
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Siegel DR, Grau L, Sammel M, Nel-Themaaat L, Santoro N, Polotsky AJ. Anti-Müllerian Hormone and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Are Poor Independent Predictors of Live Birth After Assisted Reproductive Technology. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:1316-1323. [PMID: 36194358 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-01099-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Abstract
To query if anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and/or follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) predict live birth at the University of Colorado Advanced Reproductive Medicine (CU ARM). This was a retrospective analysis using the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology (SART) Clinic Outcome Reporting System database at CU ARM from 2017 to 2019 to identify the pregnancy outcomes of the initial fresh or frozen embryo transfer (FET) and their corresponding AMH and FSH. Fisher's exact tests were used to identify differences in pregnancy outcome by age group, and area under the receiver operator characteristic curves was used to quantify live birth prediction. A total of 1083 records from 557 patients were reviewed. After only including the first autologous transfer, 270 cycles were analyzed. Overall live birth (L/B) rate was 58.15% (157/270), which declined with increasing age group (p ≤ 0.01). Although AMH significantly decreased with increasing age (p < 0.001), it was not associated with pregnancy outcome (3.54 ng/mL vs. 3.41 ng/mL, p = 0.56); this relationship was unchanged after controlling for age in logistic regression models (p = 0.52). FSH was also not significantly related to pregnancy outcome (7.00 IU/L vs 6.00 IU/L, p = 0.15), and this relationship did not change after controlling for age (p = 0.61). Using AUC, the only variable predictive of live birth was age (p = 0.002). AMH and FSH are not associated with the probability of live birth. Only age was significantly associated with live birth in this series. AMH and FSH should therefore be used cautiously when counseling patients about ART outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana R Siegel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12631 East 17th Ave, B198-6, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Laura Grau
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Mary Sammel
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Liesl Nel-Themaaat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12631 East 17th Ave, B198-6, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Shady Grove Fertility, Greenwood Village, Aurora, CO, 80111, USA
| | - Nanette Santoro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12631 East 17th Ave, B198-6, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Shady Grove Fertility, Greenwood Village, Aurora, CO, 80111, USA
| | - Alex J Polotsky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12631 East 17th Ave, B198-6, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Shady Grove Fertility, Greenwood Village, Aurora, CO, 80111, USA
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Johnson J, Kim SY, Sam PK, Asokan R, Cari EL, Bales ES, Luu TH, Perez L, Kallen AN, Nel-Themaat L, Polotsky AJ, Post MD, Orlicky DJ, Jordan KR, Bitler BG. Expression and T cell regulatory action of the PD-1 immune checkpoint in the ovary and fallopian tube. Am J Reprod Immunol 2023; 89:e13649. [PMID: 36394352 PMCID: PMC10559227 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Immune cell trafficking and surveillance within the ovary and fallopian tube are thought to impact fertility and also tumorigenesis in those organs. However, little is known of how native cells of the ovary and fallopian tube interact with resident immune cells. Interaction of the Programmed Cell Death Protein-1 (PD-1/PDCD-1/CD279) checkpoint with PD-L1 is associated with downregulated immune response. We have begun to address the question of whether PD-1 ligand or its receptors (PD-L1/-L2) can regulate immune cell function in these tissues of the female reproductive tract. METHOD OF STUDY PD-1 and ligand protein expression was evaluated in human ovary and fallopian tube specimens, the latter of which included stages of tubal cell transformation and early tumorigenesis. Ovarian expression analysis included the determination of the proteins in human follicular fluid (HFF) specimens collected during in vitro fertilization procedures. Finally, checkpoint bioactivity of HFF was determined by treatment of separately-isolated human T cells and the measurement of interferon gamma (IFNγ). RESULTS We show that membrane bound and soluble variants of PD-1 and ligands are expressed by permanent constituent cell types of the human ovary and fallopian tube, including granulosa cells and oocytes. PD-1 and soluble ligands were present in HFF at bioactive levels that control T cell PD-1 activation and IFNγ production; full-length checkpoint proteins were found to be highly enriched in HFF exosome fractions. CONCLUSION The detection of PD-1 checkpoint proteins in the human ovary and fallopian tube suggests that the pathway is involved in immunomodulation during folliculogenesis, the window of ovulation, and subsequent egg and embryo immune-privilege. Immunomodulatory action of receptor and ligands in HFF exosomes is suggestive of an acute checkpoint role during ovulation. This is the first study in the role of PD-1 checkpoint proteins in human tubo-ovarian specimens and the first examination of its potential regulatory action in the contexts of normal and assisted reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Johnson
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, Building RC2, Room P15 3103, Mail Stop 8613, Aurora, Colorado 80045
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, 12631 East 17th Avenue, Room 4409, B198-3 Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - So-Youn Kim
- Olson Center for Women’s Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985860 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | | | - Rengasamy Asokan
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, Building RC2, Room P15 3103, Mail Stop 8613, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Evelyn Llerena Cari
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, Building RC2, Room P15 3103, Mail Stop 8613, Aurora, Colorado 80045
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, 12631 East 17th Avenue, Room 4409, B198-3 Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Elise S. Bales
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, Building RC2, Room P15 3103, Mail Stop 8613, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Thanh-Ha Luu
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, Building RC2, Room P15 3103, Mail Stop 8613, Aurora, Colorado 80045
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, 12631 East 17th Avenue, Room 4409, B198-3 Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | | | | | - Liesl Nel-Themaat
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, 12631 East 17th Avenue, Room 4409, B198-3 Aurora, Colorado 80045
- Shady Grove Fertility – Colorado, Denver, CO
| | - Alex J. Polotsky
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, Building RC2, Room P15 3103, Mail Stop 8613, Aurora, Colorado 80045
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, 12631 East 17th Avenue, Room 4409, B198-3 Aurora, Colorado 80045
- Shady Grove Fertility – Colorado, Denver, CO
| | - Miriam D. Post
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pathology, Mailstop F768, 12605 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - David J. Orlicky
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pathology, Mailstop F768, 12605 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Kimberly R. Jordan
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Initiative, Human Immune Monitoring Shared Resource, RC1-North, 8113, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Benjamin G. Bitler
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, Building RC2, Room P15 3103, Mail Stop 8613, Aurora, Colorado 80045
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Hurley EG, Sun F, Zhang H, Polotsky AJ, Rios JS. Minimal Stimulation Using Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Antagonist is Associated with Higher Live Birth Rates: A National Study of 13,050 Cycles. Womens Health Rep (New Rochelle) 2022; 3:957-963. [PMID: 36479370 PMCID: PMC9712044 DOI: 10.1089/whr.2022.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal protocol for minimal stimulation in vitro fertilization (IVF) has yet to be established. This study aims to determine if the use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist during minimal stimulation improves outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS All cycles designated as minimal stimulation from 2014 to 2016 from the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinic Online Reporting System were identified. Cycles in which GnRH antagonist was administered (n = 5984) were compared to those that did not receive it (n = 7066). Wilcoxon's rank-sum test and chi-square test were used to analyze continuous and categorical variables. RESULTS A total of 6750 patients undergoing 13,050 cycles were included. GnRH antagonist use was associated with a significantly higher total gonadotropin dosage (median 975.0 [interquartile range, IQR, 600.0, 1575.0] vs. median 660.0 [IQR 375.0, 975.0], p < 0.001), lower cycle cancelation rate (11.3% vs. 13.6%, p < 0.001; OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.12-1.38, p < 0.001), and higher live birth rate (4.3% vs. 2.1%, p < 0.001; OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.39-0.58, p < 0.001). GnRH antagonist use was associated with a significantly higher live birth rate in women ≥35 years of age (2.7% vs. 0.9%, p < 0.001; OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.25-0.47, p < 0.001) and antimullerian hormone <1 (4.9% vs. 2.6%, p = 0.004; OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.33-0.81, p = 0.004). CONCLUSION The use of GnRH antagonist suppression during minimal stimulation IVF is associated with an improved live birth rate, especially in older women and in women with diminished ovarian reserve. Although GnRH antagonist use may increase costs, it significantly decreases cancelation rate, increases number of embryos cryopreserved, and should be encouraged for minimal stimulation IVF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily G. Hurley
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Cincinnati, West Chester, Ohio, USA
| | - Fangbai Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Heping Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Alex J. Polotsky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Julie Sroga Rios
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Cincinnati, West Chester, Ohio, USA
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Rushing J, Truong T, Meacham R, Stern JE, Polotsky AJ. PREIMPLANTATION GENETIC TESTING FOR ANEUPLOIDY IMPROVES LIVE BIRTH RATE PER TRANSFER IN MALE FACTOR INFERTILITY. Fertil Steril 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.08.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Vitek W, Oh J, Mbowe O, Thurston SW, Christianson MS, Styer AK, Polotsky AJ, Diamond MP, Cedars MI. Preconception ovarian reserve and placenta-mediated pregnancy complications among infertile women. Pregnancy Hypertens 2022; 27:193-196. [PMID: 35131729 PMCID: PMC8922433 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2022.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Are preconception ovarian reserve markers, such as Anti-Mullerian hormone and antral follicle count, associated with preeclampsia and placenta mediated pregnancy complications among women with unexplained infertility who conceive with superovulation? DESIGN This is a secondary analysis of women with unexplained infertility who had a singleton live birth after enrollment in the Analysis of Multiple Intrauterine Gestations after Ovarian Stimulation (AMIGOS) trial that randomized couples to superovulation with letrozole, clomiphene, or gonadotropins with insemination for up to 4 cycles. RESULTS Compared to controls (N = 156), women who developed preeclampsia (N = 17) had lower Anti-Mullerian hormone levels (2.24 ± 1.20 vs. 2.89 ± 2.32, p = 0.07) and lower antral follicle count (18 ± 7.67 vs. 21 ± 11.43, p = 0.16); though these differences were not statistically significant. There was no relationship between Anti-Mullerian hormone (OR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.76-1.25) or antral follicle count (OR: 0.98, 95% CI 0.93-1.04) with preeclampsia and between Anti-Mullerian hormone (OR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.83-1.17) and antral follicle count (OR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.97-1.04) with placenta medicated pregnancy complications after adjusting for age, BMI and race. CONCLUSIONS Preconception ovarian reserve markers are not associated with preeclampsia and placenta mediated pregnancy complications among women with unexplained infertility who conceive with superovulation with insemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Vitek
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Jinhee Oh
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - Omar Mbowe
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - Sally W. Thurston
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcelle I. Cedars
- University of California San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, CA
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Siegel DR, Sheeder J, Polotsky AJ. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Fertility Awareness Among Reproductive-Aged Women. Womens Health Rep (New Rochelle) 2021; 2:347-354. [PMID: 34476417 PMCID: PMC8409232 DOI: 10.1089/whr.2021.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Despite the rising prevalence of infertility, studies have indicated that in the United States fertility awareness remains low. No published study to date, however, has investigated the impact of any racial or ethnic disparities in fertility awareness. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of people self-identifying as female, aged 18-45 years, via Amazon Mechanical Turk in August 2020. The study was approved by the institutional review board at the University of Colorado. The survey consisted of demographic questions and a validated questionnaire, the Fertility and Infertility Treatment Knowledge Score (FIT-KS). Participants were classified as non-Hispanic White (NHW) or "Minority" race/ethnicity. Results: A total of 476 women completed the survey, 405 of which were included in analysis. Of those, 54.6% self-identified as NHW and 45.4% were in the Minority group. The median FIT-KS was 51.7% (16 items answered correctly). The Minority group scored significantly lower than the NHW participants overall (58.6% vs. 48.3%, p < 0.001) and in all three subscales (p < 0.05). The Minority group was significantly more likely to underestimate the rate of miscarriage (47.3% vs. 32.6%, p = 0.003) and had a lower awareness of risk factors that can impact fertility including smoking (88.7% vs. 71.6%, p < 0.001), obesity (90.5% vs. 70.5%, p < 0.001), and/or a history of gonorrhea/chlamydia infection (83.7% vs. 64.7%, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Minority women appear to have a lower fertility awareness than their NHW counterparts. Addressing these disparities and improving fertility education in diverse communities may lead to a reduction in clinically significant infertility disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana R Siegel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jeanelle Sheeder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Alex J Polotsky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Luu TH, Lersten IL, Foust EH, Polotsky AJ, Alldredge J, Appiah LC. NOVEL CASE OF TRANSVAGINAL OOCYTE RETRIEVAL FOLLOWING OVARIAN TRANSPOSITION AND REVERSAL IN A PATIENT WITH RECURRENT RECTAL CANCER. Fertil Steril 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.07.591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Siegel DR, Sammel M, Nel-Themaat L, Santoro NF, Polotsky AJ. ANTI-MÜLLERIAN HORMONE AND FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE ARE POOR INDEPENDENT PREDICTORS OF LIVE BIRTH AFTER ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY. Fertil Steril 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.07.709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Eaton JL, Truong T, Polotsky AJ. MORE MAY NOT ALWAYS BE BETTER: THE EFFECT OF HIGH-DOSE GONADOTROPINS ON CUMULATIVE LIVE BIRTH IN OVER 300,000 FRESH AND FREEZE-ALL CYCLES. Fertil Steril 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.07.641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Llerena Cari E, Hagen-Lillevik S, Giornazi A, Post M, Komar AA, Appiah L, Bitler B, Polotsky AJ, Santoro N, Kieft J, Lai K, Johnson J. Integrated stress response control of granulosa cell translation and proliferation during normal ovarian follicle development. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 27:gaab050. [PMID: 34314477 PMCID: PMC8660582 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaab050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms that directly control mammalian ovarian primordial follicle (PF) growth activation and the selection of individual follicles for survival are largely unknown. Follicle cells produce factors that can act as potent inducers of cellular stress during normal function. Consistent with this, we show here that normal, untreated ovarian cells, including pre-granulosa cells of dormant PFs, express phenotype and protein markers of the activated integrated stress response (ISR), including stress-specific protein translation (phospho-Serine 51 eukaryotic initiation factor 2α; P-EIF2α), active DNA damage checkpoints, and cell-cycle arrest. We further demonstrate that mRNAs upregulated in primary (growing) follicles versus arrested PFs mostly include stress-responsive upstream open reading frames (uORFs). Treatment of a granulosa cell (GC) line with the PF growth trigger tumor necrosis factor alpha results in the upregulation of a 'stress-dependent' translation profile. This includes further elevated P-eIF2α and a shift of uORF-containing mRNAs to polysomes. Because the active ISR corresponds to slow follicle growth and PF arrest, we propose that repair and abrogation of ISR checkpoints (e.g. checkpoint recovery) drives the GC cell cycle and PF growth activation (PFGA). If cellular stress is elevated beyond a threshold(s) or, if damage occurs that cannot be repaired, cell and follicle death ensue, consistent with physiological atresia. These data suggest an intrinsic quality control mechanism for immature and growing follicles, where PFGA and subsequent follicle growth and survival depend causally upon ISR resolution, including DNA repair and thus the proof of genomic integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Llerena Cari
- University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Aurora, CO, USA
- University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Synneva Hagen-Lillevik
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Miriam Post
- University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pathology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Anton A Komar
- Cleveland State University, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Leslie Appiah
- University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Academic Specialists in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Benjamin Bitler
- University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alex J Polotsky
- University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Aurora, CO, USA
- University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nanette Santoro
- University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Aurora, CO, USA
- University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jeffrey Kieft
- University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kent Lai
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Joshua Johnson
- University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Aurora, CO, USA
- University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA
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15
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Roeca C, Johnson RL, Truong T, Carlson NE, Polotsky AJ. Birth outcomes are superior after transfer of fresh versus frozen embryos for donor oocyte recipients. Hum Reprod 2021; 35:2850-2859. [PMID: 33190157 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deaa245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION For donor oocyte recipients, are birth outcomes superior for fresh versus frozen embryos? SUMMARY ANSWER Among fresh donor oocyte recipients, fresh embryos are associated with better birth outcomes when compared with frozen embryos. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Frozen embryo transfer (ET) with vitrification has been associated with improved pregnancy rates, but also increased rates of large for gestational age infants. Donor oocyte recipients represent an attractive biological model to attempt to isolate the impact of embryo cryopreservation on IVF outcomes, yet there is a paucity of studies in this population. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A retrospective cohort of the US national registry, the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinic Outcome Reporting System, of IVF cycles of women using fresh donor oocytes resulting in ET between 2013 and 2015. Thawed oocytes were excluded. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTINGS, METHODS Good obstetric outcome (GBO), defined as a singleton, term, live birth with appropriate for gestational age birth weight, was the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcomes included live birth, clinical pregnancy, spontaneous abortion, preterm birth, multiple births and gestational age-adjusted weight. Outcomes were modeled using the generalized estimating equation approach. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Data are from 25 387 donor oocyte cycles, in which 14 289 were fresh and 11 098 were frozen ETs. A GBO was 27% more likely in fresh ETs (26.3%) compared to frozen (20.9%) (adjusted risk ratio 1.27; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21-1.35; P < 0.001). Overall, fresh transfer was more likely to result in a live birth (55.7% versus 39.5%; adjusted risk ratio 1.21; 95% CI 1.18-1.26; P < 0.001). Among singleton births, there was no difference in gestational age-adjusted birth weight between groups. LIMITATION, REASONS FOR CAUTION Our cohort findings contrast with data from autologous oocytes. Prospective studies with this population are warranted. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Among donor oocyte recipients, fresh ETs may be associated with better birth outcomes. Reassuringly, given its prevalent use, modern embryo cryopreservation does not appear to result in phenotypically larger infants. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) None. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Roeca
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of OBGYN, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rachel L Johnson
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Nichole E Carlson
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alex J Polotsky
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of OBGYN, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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Christianson MS, Stern JE, Sun F, Zhang H, Styer AK, Vitek W, Polotsky AJ. Embryo cryopreservation and utilization in the United States from 2004-2013. F S Rep 2020; 1:71-77. [PMID: 34223221 PMCID: PMC8244341 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfre.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the quantity and use of embryos cryopreserved at assisted reproductive technology (ART) clinics in the United States from 2004 through 2013 and to characterize trends in ART cycles in which all embryos were cryopreserved. Design Retrospective analysis. Setting Not applicable. Patient(s) Registry data from the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology. Intervention(s) Historical cohort of U.S. ART cycles reported to the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinical Outcomes Reporting System between 2004 and 2013. Main Outcome Measure(s) Number of embryos cryopreserved and factors associated with having cryopreserved embryos. Result(s) The percentage of fresh cycles in which all embryos were frozen increased dramatically each year after 2010: 15.6% (2010), 19.9% (2011), 30.7% (2012), and 40.7% (2013). During 10 years, 1,954,548 embryos were cryopreserved and 717,345 embryos were transferred. In freeze-only cycles from 2004 to 2013, there was a significant increase in the percentage of women with diminished ovarian reserve (19.9% to 34.1%) and in those who used preimplantation genetic testing (3.2% to 6.9%). During the 10-year period, there were 294,575 fresh cycles with embryo transfer and at least one embryo cryopreserved. Overall, 52.5% (n = 154,543) did not undergo a subsequent frozen embryo transfer, 29.5% (n = 40,462) were left with no frozen embryos, 50.4% (n = 68,875) had one–five embryos, and 20.0% (n = 27,396) had ≥six. Factors associated with having excess embryos included donor oocyte cycles and increased antimüllerian hormone levels. Conclusion(s) There has been a sharp increase in U.S. ART cycles in which all embryos are frozen and this may result in more embryos in storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindy S Christianson
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Lutherville, Maryland
| | - Judy E Stern
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Fangbai Sun
- Collaborative Center for Statistics in Science, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Heping Zhang
- Collaborative Center for Statistics in Science, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Aaron K Styer
- Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine (CCRM) Fertility Clinic, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wendy Vitek
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Alex J Polotsky
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado
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Hurley EG, Sun F, Zhang H, Polotsky AJ, Rios JS. MINIMAL STIMULATION USING GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE ANTAGONIST IS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER LIVE BIRTH RATES: A NATIONAL STUDY OF 13,050 CYCLES. Fertil Steril 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.08.789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Luu TH, Nel-Themaat L, Truong T, Polotsky AJ. PUBLIC REPORTING OF CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY IN THE US FOR 2014-2017: REPORTING TO CDC ONLY IS ASSOCIATED WITH FEWER CANCELLATIONS AND LOWER SUCCESS RATES. Fertil Steril 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.08.722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Kuhn K, Luu TH, Bradford AP, Wittenburg L, Nwobodo NO, Wempe MF, Polotsky AJ. LOWER SERUM FSH LEVELS IN RESPONSE TO IV RECOMBINANT FSH IN OBESE WOMEN IS NOT EXPLAINED BY GNRH ANTAGONIST (CETRORELIX) PHARMACODYNAMICS. Fertil Steril 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Luu TH, Llerena Cari EM, Rushing J, Nel-Themaat L, Polotsky AJ, Johnson J. PD-1 RECEPTOR AND LIGANDS ARE CONCENTRATED IN THE EXOSOME FRACTION OF HUMAN OVARIAN FOLLICULAR FLUID. Fertil Steril 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.08.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Roeca C, Johnson R, Carlson N, Polotsky AJ. Preimplantation genetic testing and chances of a healthy live birth amongst recipients of fresh donor oocytes in the United States. J Assist Reprod Genet 2020; 37:2283-2292. [PMID: 32617730 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-020-01874-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate if preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) improves the odds of a healthy live birth amongst recipients of fresh donor oocytes. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study including in vitro fertilization cycles of women using fresh donor oocytes reported to the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinic Outcome Reporting System, between 2013 and 2015. Cycles were categorized based on PGT. Primary outcome measure was a good birth outcome (GBO), defined as a singleton, term, live birth with an average birthweight. Multivariable generalized estimating equation models were fit to analyze the effect of PGT. Interaction effect between cycle type (fresh vs frozen) and PGT was tested. RESULTS Of 28,153 included cycles, 3708 had PGT while 24,445 did not. PGT cycles were less likely to result in an embryo transfer (ET) (64 vs 94%), but were associated with increased rates of frozen ET (70 vs 41%), single ET (67 vs 44%), and blastocyst ET (87 vs 65%). There was a significant interaction between PGT and cycle type. Cycles using PGT increased the probability of a GBO 12% in frozen cycles (RR 1.12; 95% CI 1.02, 1.22; p = 0.018), but PGT was detrimental to success in fresh cycles with a 53% reduced likelihood of GBO (RR 0.47; 9% CI 0.41, 0.54; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION PGT, as practiced during the most recently available national data in women using fresh donor oocytes, was associated with increased probability of a healthy live birth amongst frozen cycles, but was not beneficial in fresh cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Roeca
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Rachel Johnson
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nichole Carlson
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alex J Polotsky
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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Vitek W, Sun F, Baker VL, Styer AK, Christianson MS, Stern JE, Zhang H, Polotsky AJ. Lower antimüllerian hormone is associated with lower oocyte yield but not live-birth rate among women with obesity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 222:363.e1-363.e7. [PMID: 31589862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimüllerian hormone is produced by small antral follicles and reflects ovarian reserve. Obesity is associated with lower serum antimüllerian hormone, but it is unclear whether lower levels of antimüllerian hormone in women with obesity reflect lower ovarian reserve. OBJECTIVE To determine whether lower antimüllerian hormone in women with obesity undergoing in vitro fertilization is associated with oocyte yield and live-birth rate. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective cohort from the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinic Outcome Reporting System database of 13,316 women with obesity and 16,579 women with normal body mass index undergoing their first autologous in vitro fertilization with fresh transfers between 2012 and 2014. Normal body mass index was defined as body mass index 18.5-24.9 kg/m2, and obesity was defined as body mass index ≥30 kg/m2. Subjects with obesity were stratified as those with class 1 obesity (body mass index, 30.0-34.9 kg/m2), class 2 obesity (body mass index, 35.0-39.9 kg/m2), and class 3 obesity (body mass index, ≥40 kg/m2) based on the World Health Organization body mass index guidelines. Antimüllerian hormone levels were stratified as normal (>1.1 ng/mL), low (0.16-1-1 ng/mL), and undetectable (≤0.16 ng/mL). Multivariable modeling was used to assess oocyte yield using linear regression with a logarithmic transformation and odds of live birth using logistic regression. RESULTS Women with obesity were older (36.0 ± 4.8 vs 35.5 ± 4.8, P < .001), had lower antimüllerian hormone (1.8 ± 2.0 ng/mL vs 2.1 ± 2.0 ng/mL, P < .001), and had fewer oocytes retrieved (11.9 ± 7.3 vs 12.8 ± 7.7, P < .001) than women with normal body mass index. Lower oocyte yield was observed among women with obesity and normal antimüllerian hormone levels compared to women with normal body mass index and normal antimüllerian hormone levels (13.6 ± 7.3 vs 15.8 ± 8.1, P < .001). No difference in oocyte yield was observed among women with obesity and low antimüllerian hormone levels (P = .58) and undetectabl antimüllerian hormone (P = .11) compared to women with normal BMI and similar antimüllerian hormone levels. Among women with a body mass index ≥30 kg/m2, antimüllerian hormone levels were associated with the number of oocytes retrieved (β = 0.069; standard error, 0.005; P < .001) but not live-birth rate (odds ratio, 0.98; 95% confidence interval, 0.93-1.04, P = .57). CONCLUSION Lower antimüllerian hormone in infertile women with obesity appears to reflect lower ovarian reserve, as antimüllerian hormone is associated with lower oocyte yield. Despite lower oocyte yield, lower antimüllerian hormone was not associated with lower live-birth rate among women with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Vitek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY.
| | - Fangbai Sun
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Valerie L Baker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Lutherville, MD
| | | | - Mindy S Christianson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Lutherville, MD
| | - Judy E Stern
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchock, Lebanon, NH
| | - Heping Zhang
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Alex J Polotsky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
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23
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Johnson J, Llerena Cari EM, Sam PK, Bales ES, Ryu S, Nel-Themaat L, Kallen AN, Polotsky AJ, Post MD, Orlicky DJ, Jordan K, Bitler BG. Expression and function of the PD-1 immune checkpoint in the human ovary and fallopian tube. Fertil Steril 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.07.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Gilbert SB, Alvero RJ, Roth L, Polotsky AJ. Direct Methotrexate Injection into the Gestational Sac for Nontubal Ectopic Pregnancy: A Review of Efficacy and Outcomes from a Single Institution. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2019; 27:166-172. [PMID: 30930212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of nontubal ectopic pregnancy (NTEP) management with direct methotrexate (MTX) injection into the gestational sac. DESIGN A retrospective chart review. SETTING A tertiary academic and teaching hospital. PATIENTS All cases of confirmed NTEP were retrospectively identified from 2012 to 2017. INTERVENTIONS Ultrasound-guided direct injection of MTX into the fetal pole and surrounding gestational sac and a single dose of systemic MTX with or without fetal intracardiac injection of potassium chloride. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Treatment failure, complications from treatment, operating time, and days to negative serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) after treatment were measured. Fourteen women (age 34 ± 5.2 years) with NTEP underwent direct MTX injection (cesarean scar, n = 4; interstitial, n = 6; cervical, n = 4). The mean estimated gestational age was 49 ± 11, CI (43, 56 days). One patient required laparoscopic intervention with a failure rate of 1 of 14 (a double interstitial, heterotopic pregnancy). There were no other major complications. The time in the operating room was similar for all NTEP types. The average time to negative serum hCG was not different for cesarean scar (84.5 ± 36 days), cervical pregnancies (70.5 ± 19 days), or interstitial pregnancies (45.3 ± 38 days, p = .15). CONCLUSION Direct MTX injection into the gestational sac for NTEP treatment is safe and effective. The failure rate of 7% is considerably lower than what was previously reported for a failure of systemic MTX in similar cases (25%). Resolution of serum hCG after treatment can be quite prolonged even in uncomplicated cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Babcock Gilbert
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado (all authors).
| | - Ruben J Alvero
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado (all authors)
| | - Lauren Roth
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado (all authors)
| | - Alex J Polotsky
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado (all authors)
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25
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Bauer JL, Kuhn K, Bradford AP, Al-Safi ZA, Harris MA, Eckel RH, Robledo CY, Malkhasyan A, Johnson J, Gee NR, Polotsky AJ. Reduction in FSH Throughout the Menstrual Cycle After Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation in Young Normal Weight but not Obese Women. Reprod Sci 2019; 26:1025-1033. [PMID: 30773100 DOI: 10.1177/1933719119828099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fish oil restores ovarian function in subfertile rats, which is thought to be associated with decreased transcription of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) β-subunit. We have previously demonstrated a reduction in early follicular serum FSH levels in normal weight but not obese women after treatment with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Herein, we report the effect of supplementation with omega-3 PUFA on urinary reproductive hormones across the whole menstrual cycle. This interventional study included 17 eumenorrheic women, aged 24-41 years. One month of daily morning urine was collected before and after 1 month of omega-3 PUFA supplementation with 4 g of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid daily. Measurements included urinary FSH, luteinizing hormone (LH) and estrogen and progesterone metabolites, plasma fatty acid composition, and markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Compliance with dietary supplementation was verified by significantly reduced ratios of omega-6 to omega-3 PUFA for all subjects after treatment (P < .01). After 1 month of omega-3 PUFA supplementation, urinary FSH was significantly decreased in normal weight, but not obese women, in both follicular and luteal phases (-28.4% and -12.6%, respectively, both P = .04). No significant changes were seen in LH or sex steroids for either weight group. The selective and specific decrease in FSH suggests that omega-3 PUFA supplementation merits further investigation in normal weight women with decreased fertility and/or diminished ovarian reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Bauer
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Katherine Kuhn
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Andrew P Bradford
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Zain A Al-Safi
- 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mary A Harris
- 3 Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Robert H Eckel
- 4 Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Celeste Y Robledo
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Anahit Malkhasyan
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Joshua Johnson
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nancy R Gee
- 5 Center for Health and The Environment, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Alex J Polotsky
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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Babcock Gilbert S, Polotsky AJ. Vaginal culture for IVF allows two mothers to carry the same pregnancy: Is more always better? Case Rep Womens Health 2019; 21:e00099. [PMID: 30733926 PMCID: PMC6357699 DOI: 10.1016/j.crwh.2019.e00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravaginal culture (IVC) is not a new technology but is gaining in popularity The INVOcell device is marketed as a lower cost treatment option to in-vitro fertilization (IVF) Previous studies done by the INVOcell owned company have shown similar live birth rates between INVOcell IVC and IVF It is unclear how much of a cost savings is present with use of IVC compared to traditional IVF IVC may represent a viable option for fertility treatment in select patients
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Christianson MS, Legro RS, Jin S, Eisenberg E, Diamond MP, Hansen KR, Vitek W, Styer AK, Casson P, Coutifaris C, Christman GM, Alvero R, Puscheck EE, Christy AY, Sun F, Zhang H, Polotsky AJ, Santoro N. Comparison of sonohysterography to hysterosalpingogram for tubal patency assessment in a multicenter fertility treatment trial among women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Assist Reprod Genet 2018; 35:2173-2180. [PMID: 30194618 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-018-1306-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare saline infusion sonohysterography (SIS) versus hysterosalpingogram (HSG) for confirmation of tubal patency. METHODS Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial, Pregnancy in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome II (PPCOS II). Seven hundred fifty infertile women (18-40 years old) with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) were randomized to up to 5 cycles of letrozole or clomiphene citrate. Prior to enrollment, tubal patency was determined by HSG, the presence of free fluid in the pelvis on SIS, laparoscopy, or recent intrauterine pregnancy. Logistic regression was conducted in patients who ovulated with clinical pregnancy as the outcome and HSG or SIS as the key independent variable. RESULTS Among women who ovulated, 414 (66.9%) had tubal patency confirmed by SIS and 187 (30.2%) had at least one tube patent on HSG. Multivariable analysis indicated that choice of HSG versus SIS did not have a significant relationship on likelihood of clinical pregnancy, after adjustment for treatment arm, BMI, duration of infertility, smoking, and education (OR 1.14, 95% CI 0.77, 1.67, P = 0.52). Ectopic pregnancy occurred more often in women who had tubal patency confirmed by HSG compared to SIS (2.8% versus 0.6%, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS In this large cohort of women with PCOS, there was no significant difference in clinical pregnancy rate between women who had tubal patency confirmed by HSG versus SIS. SIS is an acceptable imaging modality for assessment of tubal patency in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindy S Christianson
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Richard S Legro
- Department of Ob/Gyn, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Susan Jin
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Esther Eisenberg
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael P Diamond
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Karl R Hansen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Wendy Vitek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Aaron K Styer
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecologyn, and Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Casson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Christos Coutifaris
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gregory M Christman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shands Hospital, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ruben Alvero
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Elizabeth E Puscheck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Alicia Y Christy
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fangbai Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Heping Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alex J Polotsky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nanette Santoro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
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Hamlin A, Bauer JL, Polotsky AJ, Murray SC. Ruptured ectopic pregnancy following a cycle of freeze-all in vitro fertilization: A case report. Case Rep Womens Health 2018; 19:e00067. [PMID: 30094195 PMCID: PMC6071367 DOI: 10.1016/j.crwh.2018.e00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients undergoing assisted reproduction are advised to abstain from intercourse to prevent the possibility of multiple pregnancy. If patients do not follow this advice, multiple dizygotic pregnancy or even a heterotopic pregnancy can result. We report the case of a 28-year-old nulliparous female with unexplained infertility who underwent freeze-all vaginal oocyte retrieval. Twenty-one days later she presented with vaginal bleeding (similar to menstruation) and right lower-quadrant pain. The results of ultrasound scanning and a laboratory work-up were consistent with an ectopic pregnancy. She underwent laparoscopic right salpingectomy for a tubal ectopic pregnancy. We recommend sexual abstinence during assisted reproduction to lower the risk of multiple pregnancy and especially of heterotopic pregnancy. Dizygotic pregnancies are possible after single embryo transfer if patients are not abstinent during ovarian stimulation A thorough investigation of zygosity should be performed in every case of ART More conservative recommendations regarding abstinence during ovarian stimulation should be considered
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Hamlin
- University of Colorado, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 12631 E. 17th Avenue, Academic Office 1, Room 4010, Mailstop B198-1, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Jessica L Bauer
- University of Colorado, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 12631 E. 17th Avenue, Academic Office 1, Room 4010, Mailstop B198-1, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Alex J Polotsky
- University of Colorado, Advanced Reproductive Medicine, 3055 Roslyn Street, Denver, CO 80238, United States
| | - Shona C Murray
- University of Colorado, Advanced Reproductive Medicine, 3055 Roslyn Street, Denver, CO 80238, United States
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Parks JC, McCallie BR, Patton AL, Al-Safi ZA, Polotsky AJ, Griffin DK, Schoolcraft WB, Katz-Jaffe MG. The impact of infertility diagnosis on embryo-endometrial dialogue. Reproduction 2018; 155:543-552. [PMID: 29636406 DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Initial stages of implantation involve bi-directional molecular crosstalk between the blastocyst and endometrium. This study investigated an association between infertility etiologies, specifically advanced maternal age (AMA) and endometriosis, on the embryo-endometrial molecular dialogue prior to implantation. Co-culture experiments were performed with endometrial epithelial cells (EEC) and cryopreserved day 5 blastocysts (n = 41 ≥ Grade 3BB) donated from patients presenting with AMA or endometriosis, compared to fertile donor oocyte controls. Extracellular vesicles isolated from co-culture supernatant were analyzed for miRNA expression and revealed significant alterations correlating to AMA or endometriosis. Specifically, AMA resulted in 16 miRNAs with increased expression (P ≤ 0.05) and strong evidence for negative regulation toward 206 target genes. VEGFA, a known activator of cell adhesion, displayed decreased expression (P ≤ 0.05), validating negative regulation by 4 of these increased miRNAs: miR-126; 150; 29a; 29b (P ≤ 0.05). In endometriosis patients, a total of 10 significantly altered miRNAs displayed increased expression compared to controls (miR-7b; 9; 24; 34b; 106a; 191; 200b; 200c; 342-3p; 484) (P ≤ 0.05), targeting 1014 strong evidence-based genes. Three target genes of miR-106a (CDKN1A, E2F1 and RUNX1) were independently validated. Functional annotation analysis of miRNA-target genes revealed enriched pathways for both infertility etiologies, including disrupted cell cycle regulation and proliferation (P ≤ 0.05). These extracellular vesicle-bound secreted miRNAs are key transcriptional regulators in embryo-endometrial dialogue and may be prospective biomarkers of implantation success. One of the limitations of this study is that it was a stimulated, in vitro model and therefore may not accurately reflect the in-vivo environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C Parks
- Colorado Center for Reproductive MedicineLone Tree, Colorado, USA .,University of KentCanterbury, UK
| | - Blair R McCallie
- Colorado Center for Reproductive MedicineLone Tree, Colorado, USA.,University of KentCanterbury, UK
| | - Alyssa L Patton
- Colorado Center for Reproductive MedicineLone Tree, Colorado, USA
| | - Zain A Al-Safi
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Alex J Polotsky
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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31
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Kallen A, Polotsky AJ, Johnson J. Untapped Reserves: Controlling Primordial Follicle Growth Activation. Trends Mol Med 2018; 24:319-331. [PMID: 29452791 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Even with the benefit of assisted reproductive technologies (ART), many women are unable to conceive and deliver healthy offspring. One common cause of infertility is the inability to produce eggs capable of contributing to live birth. This can occur despite standard-of-care treatment to maximize the recovery of eggs from growing ovarian follicles. Dormant primordial follicles in the human ovary are a 'reserve ' that can be exploited clinically to overcome this problem. We discuss how controlling primordial follicle growth activation (PFGA) can produce increased numbers of high-quality eggs available for fertility treatment(s). We consider the state of the art in interventions used to control PFGA, and consider genetic and epigenetic strategies on the horizon that might improve compromised oocyte quality to increase live births.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Kallen
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alex J Polotsky
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Divisions of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility and Reproductive Sciences, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Joshua Johnson
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Divisions of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility and Reproductive Sciences, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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32
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Liu H, Polotsky AJ, Grunwald GK, Carlson NE. Bayesian analysis improves pulse secretion characterization in reproductive hormones. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2017; 64:80-91. [PMID: 29287490 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2017.1411541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Pulsatile secretion of hormones in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis is critical for normal functioning of the reproductive system. Thus, appropriate characterization of pulsatile secretion is important for identifying the (patho)physiology of reproductive conditions. Existing analysis methods often fail to adequately characterize pulsatility, especially when the signal-to-noise ratio is low. Newer Bayesian analysis methods for pulsatile hormones may offer improved secretion quantification in noisier data. The objective of this study was to extensively validate a Bayesian analysis approach for analyzing pulsatile hormones in settings that occur in reproductive studies. An investigative approach was chosen so that clinical research teams will have the knowledge to adopt this newer analysis approach in practice. Three experimental conditions were investigated: luteinizing hormone (LH) profiles in ovariectomized ewes (N=6; high signal-to-noise setting), LH profiles in young ovulating women (N=12; lower signal-to-noise setting), and computer-simulated scenarios (N=200). For each experimental condition, differences in luteinizing hormone pulse outcomes (pulse number, average pulse size, hormone half-life, and non-pulse secretion) were obtained and compared between non-Bayesian and Bayesian analysis pulse analysis methods. For the ewe model, the estimated pulse number and mass were comparable between the Bayesian and non-Bayesian analyses. For the human model, only 4 of 12 subjects could be fitted with the non-Bayesian analysis compared to 10 of the 12 with Bayesian analysis. In general, the Bayesian analysis had lower false negative rates (<4.5%) compared to the non-Bayesian analysis while maintaining a high specificity (false positive rate <2.5%). The Bayesian analysis also had less biased estimates of all pulse features. In conclusion, Bayesian analysis provides a more reliable pulse characterization in low signal-to-noise experiments and should be used for the analysis of reproductive physiology studies of pulsatile hormones. Software is available at www.github.com/BayesPulse . ABBREVIATIONS LH: luteinizing hormone; FSH: follicle stimulating hormone; GnRH: gonadotropin-releasing hormone; FP: false positive; FN: false negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayu Liu
- a Eli Lilly and Company , Indianapolis , IN , USA
| | - Alex J Polotsky
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine , University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , CO , USA
| | - Gary K Grunwald
- c Department of Biostatistics and Informatics , Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , CO , USA
| | - Nichole E Carlson
- c Department of Biostatistics and Informatics , Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , CO , USA
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Liu H, Carlson NE, Grunwald GK, Polotsky AJ. Modeling associations between latent event processes governing time series of pulsing hormones. Biometrics 2017; 74:714-724. [PMID: 29088494 DOI: 10.1111/biom.12790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This work is motivated by a desire to quantify relationships between two time series of pulsing hormone concentrations. The locations of pulses are not directly observed and may be considered latent event processes. The latent event processes of pulsing hormones are often associated. It is this joint relationship we model. Current approaches to jointly modeling pulsing hormone data generally assume that a pulse in one hormone is coupled with a pulse in another hormone (one-to-one association). However, pulse coupling is often imperfect. Existing joint models are not flexible enough for imperfect systems. In this article, we develop a more flexible class of pulse association models that incorporate parameters quantifying imperfect pulse associations. We propose a novel use of the Cox process model as a model of how pulse events co-occur in time. We embed the Cox process model into a hormone concentration model. Hormone concentration is the observed data. Spatial birth and death Markov chain Monte Carlo is used for estimation. Simulations show the joint model works well for quantifying both perfect and imperfect associations and offers estimation improvements over single hormone analyses. We apply this model to luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), two reproductive hormones. Use of our joint model results in an ability to investigate novel hypotheses regarding associations between LH and FSH secretion in obese and non-obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayu Liu
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, U.S.A
| | - Nichole E Carlson
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, U.S.A
| | - Gary K Grunwald
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, U.S.A
| | - Alex J Polotsky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, U.S.A
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Abstract
AbstractAlthough most research has focused on maternal obesity, there is growing data to indicate that obesity in the father can affect reproduction. Supporting data come from both mouse and human studies. Murine studies found that obese male mice exhibited decreased motility and reduced hyperactivated progression versus lean mice. Obese mice also exhibited sperm with increased levels of intracellular and mitochondrial levels of reactive oxygen species, increased sperm damage, and lower levels of capacitation, which has been shown to be associated with poor fertilization rates following in vitro fertilization, defective preimplantation embryonic development, and high rates of miscarriage and morbidity in the offspring. Furthermore, diet-induced paternal obesity was found to initiate intergenerational transmission of obesity and insulin resistance in two generations of murine offspring. Meta-analysis from human studies found obese males were more likely to demonstrate sperm DNA fragmentation, infertility, decreased live birth per cycle of assisted reproduction technology, and increased absolute risk of pregnancy nonviability, with no consistent effect on conventional semen parameters. There is a need for future studies to expound on the mechanisms of sperm DNA damage and the impact of weight loss in reversing this damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine M Aly
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Alex J Polotsky
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado
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Horton KW, Carlson NE, Grunwald GK, Mulvahill MJ, Polotsky AJ. A population-based approach to analyzing pulses in time series of hormone data. Stat Med 2017; 36:2576-2589. [PMID: 28393373 DOI: 10.1002/sim.7292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Studies of reproductive physiology involve rapid sampling protocols that result in time series of hormone concentrations. The signature pattern in these times series is pulses of hormone release. Various statistical models for quantifying the pulsatile release features exist. Currently these models are fitted separately to each individual and the resulting estimates averaged to arrive at post hoc population-level estimates. When the signal-to-noise ratio is small or the time of observation is short (e.g., 6 h), this two-stage estimation approach can fail. This work extends the single-subject modelling framework to a population framework similar to what exists for complex pharamacokinetics data. The goal is to leverage information across subjects to more clearly identify pulse locations and improve estimation of other model parameters. This modelling extension has proven difficult because the pulse number and locations are unknown. Here, we show that simultaneously modelling a group of subjects is computationally feasible in a Bayesian framework using a birth-death Markov chain Monte Carlo estimation algorithm. Via simulation, we show that this population-based approach reduces the false positive and negative pulse detection rates and results in less biased estimates of population-level parameters of frequency, pulse size, and hormone elimination. We then apply the approach to a reproductive study in healthy women where approximately one-third of the 21 subjects in the study did not have appropriate fits using the single-subject fitting approach. Using the population model produced more precise, biologically plausible estimates of all model parameters. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Horton
- HQ USAFA/DFMS, 2354 Fairchild Dr, USAF Academy, 80840, CO, U.S.A
| | - N E Carlson
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th PL, MS B119, Aurora, 80045, CO, U.S.A
| | - G K Grunwald
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th PL, MS B119, Aurora, 80045, CO, U.S.A
| | - M J Mulvahill
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th PL, Aurora, 80045, CO, U.S.A
| | - A J Polotsky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, MS B198-3, Aurora, 80045, CO, U.S.A
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Aubuchon M, Liu Y, Petroski GF, Thomas TR, Polotsky AJ. The impact of supervised weight loss and intentional weight regain on sex hormone binding globulin and testosterone in premenopausal women. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2016; 62:283-9. [PMID: 27192090 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2016.1177619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
What is the impact of intentional weight loss and regain on serum androgens in women? We conducted an ancillary analysis of prospectively collected samples from a randomized controlled trial. The trial involved supervised 10% weight loss (8.5 kg on average) with diet and exercise over 4-6 months followed by supervised intentional regain of 50% of the lost weight (4.6 kg on average) over 4-6 months. Participants were randomized prior to the partial weight regain component to either continuation or cessation of endurance exercise. Analytic sample included 30 obese premenopausal women (mean age of 40 ± 5.9 years, mean baseline body mass index (BMI) of 32.9 ± 4.2 kg/m(2)) with metabolic syndrome. We evaluated sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), total testosterone (T), free androgen index (FAI), and high molecular weight adiponectin (HMWAdp). Insulin, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) measured in the original trial were reanalyzed for the current analytic sample. Insulin, HOMA, and QUICKI improved with weight loss and were maintained despite weight regain. Log-transformed SHBG significantly increased from baseline to weight loss, and then significantly decreased with weight regain. LogFAI and logVAT decreased similarly and increased with weight loss followed by weight regain. No changes were found in logT and LogHMWAdp. There was no significant difference in any tested parameters by exercise between the groups. SHBG showed prominent sensitivity to body mass fluctuations, as reduction with controlled intentional weight regain showed an inverse relationship to VAT and occurred despite stable HMWAdp and sustained improvements with insulin resistance. FAI showed opposite changes to SHBG, while T did not change significantly with weight. Continued exercise during weight regain did not appear to impact these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Aubuchon
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Missouri , Columbia , Missouri , USA
| | - Ying Liu
- b Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology , University of Missouri , Columbia , Missouri , USA
| | - Gregory F Petroski
- c Office of Medical Research, University of Missouri , Columbia , Missouri , USA
| | - Tom R Thomas
- b Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology , University of Missouri , Columbia , Missouri , USA
| | - Alex J Polotsky
- d Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Colorado , Denver , Colorado , USA
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Kuokkanen S, Polotsky AJ, Chosich J, Bradford AP, Jasinska A, Phang T, Santoro N, Appt SE. Corpus luteum as a novel target of weight changes that contribute to impaired female reproductive physiology and function. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2016; 62:227-42. [PMID: 27187064 DOI: 10.3109/19396368.2016.1173743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Obesity and malnutrition are associated with decreased fecundity in women. Impaired reproductive capacity in obese women is often attributed to anovulation. However, obese women with ovulatory cycles also have reduced fertility, but the etiology of their impaired reproduction is only partially understood. Accumulating evidence suggests that obesity directly impairs oocyte and embryo quality as well as endometrial receptivity. In obese women, urinary progesterone metabolite excretion is decreased, but in excess of what can be explained by suppressed gonadotropin secretion, suggesting that apart from its central effect obesity may directly affect progesterone (P4) production. These observations have led to the novel hypothesis that obesity directly affects corpus luteum (CL) function. Similarly, we hypothesize that weight loss may contribute to luteal dysfunction. Here, we propose a non-human primate model, the vervet monkey, to examine the effect of weight gain and loss on menstrual cycle parameters and CL gene expression. In this model, weight gain and loss did not significantly alter menstrual cyclicity; however, both induced alterations in the CL transcriptome. In the weight gain monkey, we observed that impaired mid-luteal P4 secretion was associated with downregulation of steroidogenic pathways in CL. Collectively, these preliminary findings support our hypothesis that weight gain and loss may contribute to CL dysfunction. The vervet model described and preliminary observations provide a basis for a larger study to address this important question. Understanding the mechanisms by which weight gain and loss contribute to reproductive dysfunction can assist in the development of targeted treatments to enhance women's reproductive capability when it is desired. ABBREVIATIONS CL: corpus luteum; P4: progesterone; E2: estradiol; PDG: pregnanediol 3-glucoronide; LH: luteinizing hormone; FSH: follicle-stimulating hormone; GnRH: gonadotropin releasing hormone; BMI: body mass index; qrtPCR: quantitative real-time PCR; PGR: progesterone receptor; ART: assisted reproductive technology; IVF: in vitro fertilization; HPO: hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis; MMPs: matrix metalloproteinases Gene symbols: LH receptor (LHGCR); cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (CYP11A1); 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II (HSD3B2); steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR); LDL receptor (LDLR); scavenger receptor B1 (SCARB1); ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 1 (ABCA1); ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 1 (ABCG1); apolipoprotein A (APOA1); 24 dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR24); 3-hydroxy-3-methylglytaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR); vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA); vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC); vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1); and TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 (TIMP1); amphiregulin (AREG); epiregulin (EREG); CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (CEBPBA); cAMP responsive element binding protein 3-like 1 (CREB3L1); ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospodin type 1 motif 1 (ADAMTS1); matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9); cytochrome b-245 beta polypeptide (CYBB or NOX2); NADH oxidase (NCF2 or NOXA2); Fc fragment of IgG receptor IIb (FCGR2B); Fc fragment of IgG receptor IIb (FCGR2C); ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1); RAB27A member RAS oncofamily (RAB27A); hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (HPGD); prostaglandin-endoperoxidase synthase 1 (PTGS1); integrin B2 (ITGB2); leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H); radixin (RDX); ezrin (EZR); nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 2 (NR5A2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Satu Kuokkanen
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Montefiore Medical Center , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , New York , USA
| | - Alex J Polotsky
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Colorado Denver , Aurora , Colorado , USA
| | - Justin Chosich
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Colorado Denver , Aurora , Colorado , USA
| | - Andrew P Bradford
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Colorado Denver , Aurora , Colorado , USA
| | - Anna Jasinska
- c Center of Neurobehavioral Genetics , University of California at Los Angeles , California , USA
| | - Tzu Phang
- d Department of Medicine , University of Colorado Denver , Aurora , Colorado , USA
| | - Nanette Santoro
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Colorado Denver , Aurora , Colorado , USA
| | - Susan E Appt
- e Department of Pathology (Comparative Medicine) , Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem , North Carolina , USA
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Skaznik-Wikiel ME, Swindle DC, Allshouse AA, Polotsky AJ, McManaman JL. High-Fat Diet Causes Subfertility and Compromised Ovarian Function Independent of Obesity in Mice. Biol Reprod 2016; 94:108. [PMID: 27030045 PMCID: PMC4939738 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.137414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Excess calorie consumption, particularly of a diet high in fat, is a risk factor for both obesity and reproductive disorders. Animal model studies indicate that elevated dietary fat can influence some reproductive functions independent of obesity. In the current study we sought to determine whether a high-fat diet (HFD) impacts ovarian function, long-term fertility, and local and systemic markers of inflammation independent of obesity. Five-week-old mice were fed either low-fat diet (control group-LF-Ln) or HFD for 10 wk and were divided based on body weight into high-fat obese (HF-Ob: >25 g) and high-fat lean (HF-Ln: <22 g). Ovaries were collected to assess ovarian follicles and to determine the degree of local inflammation. Serum proinflammatory cytokines were also measured. A group of animals was followed for breeding trials for 5 mo while being exposed to LFD or HFD. We found that both 10-wk and 32-wk exposure to HFD resulted in depleted primordial follicles regardless of obesity phenotype. Macrophage counts revealed increased tissue inflammation in the ovary independent of obesity. In addition, serum proinflammatory cytokines were increased in HF-Ln and HF-Ob in comparison to LF-Ln mice. Moreover, HFD had a sustained effect on litter production rate and number of pups per litter regardless of obese phenotype. This study describes for the first time that exposure to HFD causes significant reduction in primordial follicles, compromised fertility, produced higher proinflammatory cytokine levels, and increased ovarian macrophage infiltration, independent of obesity. The negative effects of HFD on primordial follicles may be mediated by increased tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata E Skaznik-Wikiel
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Delaney C Swindle
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Amanda A Allshouse
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health at the University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Alex J Polotsky
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - James L McManaman
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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Styer AK, Luke B, Vitek W, Christianson MS, Baker VL, Christy AY, Polotsky AJ. Factors associated with the use of elective single-embryo transfer and pregnancy outcomes in the United States, 2004-2012. Fertil Steril 2016; 106:80-89. [PMID: 26997248 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate factors associated with elective single-embryo transfer (eSET) utilization and its effect on assisted reproductive technology outcomes in the United States. DESIGN Historical cohort. SETTING Not applicable. PATIENT(S) Fresh IVF cycles of women aged 18-37 years using autologous oocytes with either one (SET) or two (double-embryo transfer [DET]) embryos transferred and reported to the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinic Outcome Reporting System between 2004 and 2012. Cycles were categorized into four groups with ([+]) or without ([-]) supernumerary embryos cryopreserved. The SET group with embryos cryopreserved was designated as eSET. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURE(S) The likelihood of eSET utilization, live birth, and singleton non-low birth weight term live birth, modeled using logistic regression. Presented as adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULT(S) The study included 263,375 cycles (21,917 SET[-]cryopreservation, 20,996 SET[+]cryopreservation, 103,371 DET[-]cryopreservation, and 117,091 DET[+]cryopreservation). The utilization of eSET (SET[+]cryopreservation) increased from 1.8% in 2004 to 14.9% in 2012 (aOR 7.66, 95% CI 6.87-8.53) and was more likely with assisted reproductive technology insurance coverage (aOR 1.60, 95% CI 1.54-1.66), Asian race (aOR 1.26, 95% CI 1.20-1.33), uterine factor diagnosis (aOR 1.48, 95% CI 1.37-1.59), retrieval of ≥16 oocytes (aOR 2.85, 95% CI 2.55-3.19), and the transfer of day 5-6 embryos (aOR 4.23, 95% CI 4.06-4.40); eSET was less likely in women aged 35-37 years (aOR 0.76, 95% CI 0.73-0.80). Compared with DET cycles, the likelihood of the ideal outcome, term non-low birth weight singleton live birth, was increased 45%-52% with eSET. CONCLUSION(S) Expanding insurance coverage for IVF would facilitate the broader use of eSET and may reduce the morbidity and healthcare costs associated with multiple pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron K Styer
- Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Barbara Luke
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Wendy Vitek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York
| | - Mindy S Christianson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Valerie L Baker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Alicia Y Christy
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alex J Polotsky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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Al-Safi ZA, Liu H, Carlson NE, Chosich J, Harris M, Bradford AP, Robledo C, Eckel RH, Polotsky AJ. Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation Lowers Serum FSH in Normal Weight But Not Obese Women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:324-33. [PMID: 26523525 PMCID: PMC4701838 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-2913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Dietary omega-3 fatty acids delay ovarian aging and promote oocyte quality in mice. OBJECTIVE To test whether dietary supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) modulates reproductive hormones in reproductive-age women. DESIGN Prospective interventional study. SETTING Academic center. PARTICIPANTS Fifteen obese and 12 normal-weight (NW) eumenorrheic women, ages 28-34 years. INTERVENTION Two frequent blood-sampling studies were performed before and after 1 month of omega-3 PUFA supplementation with 4 g of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid daily. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Serum LH and FSH (basal and after GnRH stimulation). RESULTS The ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 PUFA was significantly reduced in plasma and red blood cell components for both groups after treatment (both P < .01). Omega-3 PUFA supplementation resulted in reduction of FSH and FSH response to GnRH by 17% on average (P = .06 and P = .03, respectively) in NW but not obese women. Serum levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were reduced after omega-3 PUFA supplementation (-72% for IL-1β; -56% for TNF-α; both, P < .05) in obese but not in NW women. This reduction, however, was not associated with a hormonal change in obese women. CONCLUSIONS Dietary administration with omega-3 PUFA decreased serum FSH levels in NW but not in obese women with normal ovarian reserve. This effect is intriguing and is directionally consistent with murine data whereby higher dietary omega-3 PUFA extends reproductive lifespan. Our results imply that this nutritional intervention should be tested in women with diminished ovarian reserve in an attempt to delay ovarian aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zain A Al-Safi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Z.A.A., J.C., A.P.B., C.R., A.J.P.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (H.L., N.E.C.), Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition (M.H.), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523; and Department of Medicine (R.H.E.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Huayu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Z.A.A., J.C., A.P.B., C.R., A.J.P.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (H.L., N.E.C.), Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition (M.H.), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523; and Department of Medicine (R.H.E.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Nichole E Carlson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Z.A.A., J.C., A.P.B., C.R., A.J.P.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (H.L., N.E.C.), Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition (M.H.), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523; and Department of Medicine (R.H.E.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Justin Chosich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Z.A.A., J.C., A.P.B., C.R., A.J.P.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (H.L., N.E.C.), Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition (M.H.), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523; and Department of Medicine (R.H.E.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Mary Harris
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Z.A.A., J.C., A.P.B., C.R., A.J.P.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (H.L., N.E.C.), Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition (M.H.), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523; and Department of Medicine (R.H.E.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Andrew P Bradford
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Z.A.A., J.C., A.P.B., C.R., A.J.P.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (H.L., N.E.C.), Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition (M.H.), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523; and Department of Medicine (R.H.E.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Celeste Robledo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Z.A.A., J.C., A.P.B., C.R., A.J.P.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (H.L., N.E.C.), Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition (M.H.), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523; and Department of Medicine (R.H.E.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Robert H Eckel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Z.A.A., J.C., A.P.B., C.R., A.J.P.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (H.L., N.E.C.), Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition (M.H.), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523; and Department of Medicine (R.H.E.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Alex J Polotsky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Z.A.A., J.C., A.P.B., C.R., A.J.P.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (H.L., N.E.C.), Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition (M.H.), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523; and Department of Medicine (R.H.E.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
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Al-Safi ZA, Liu H, Carlson NE, Chosich J, Lesh J, Robledo C, Bradford AP, Gee NA, Phang T, Santoro N, Kohrt W, Polotsky AJ. Estradiol Priming Improves Gonadotrope Sensitivity and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Obese Women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:4372-81. [PMID: 26425884 PMCID: PMC4702462 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-1946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Obesity is associated with a pro-inflammatory state and relative hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Estrogen (E2) is a potential link between these phenomena because it exhibits negative feedback on gonadotropin secretion and also inhibits production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. OBJECTIVE We sought to examine the effect of estrogen priming on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis in obesity. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This was an interventional study at an academic center of 11 obese and 10 normal-weight (NW) women. INTERVENTION A frequent blood-sampling study and one month of daily urinary collection were performed before and after administration of transdermal estradiol 0.1 mg/d for one entire menstrual cycle. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Serum LH and FSH before and after GnRH stimulation, and urinary estrogen and progesterone metabolites were measured. RESULTS E2 increased LH pulse amplitude and FSH response to GnRH (P = .048, and P < .03, respectively) in obese but not NW women. After E2 priming, ovulatory obese but not NW women had a 25% increase in luteal progesterone (P = .01). Obese women had significantly higher baseline IL-6, IL-10, TGF-β, and IL-12 compared with NW (all P < .05); these levels were reduced after E2 (-6% for IL-1β, -21% for IL-8, -5% for TGF-β, -5% for IL-12; all P < .05) in obese but not in NW women. CONCLUSIONS E2 priming seems to improve hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis function and systemic inflammation in ovulatory, obese women. Reducing chronic inflammation at the pituitary level may decrease the burden of obesity on fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zain A Al-Safi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Z.A.A., J.C., J.L., C.R., A.P.B., N.S., W.K., A.J.P.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (H.L., N.E.C., T.P.), Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Center for Health and the Environment and California National Primate Research Center (N.A.G.), University of California, Davis, California 95616; and Department of Medicine (W.K.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Huayu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Z.A.A., J.C., J.L., C.R., A.P.B., N.S., W.K., A.J.P.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (H.L., N.E.C., T.P.), Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Center for Health and the Environment and California National Primate Research Center (N.A.G.), University of California, Davis, California 95616; and Department of Medicine (W.K.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Nichole E Carlson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Z.A.A., J.C., J.L., C.R., A.P.B., N.S., W.K., A.J.P.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (H.L., N.E.C., T.P.), Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Center for Health and the Environment and California National Primate Research Center (N.A.G.), University of California, Davis, California 95616; and Department of Medicine (W.K.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Justin Chosich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Z.A.A., J.C., J.L., C.R., A.P.B., N.S., W.K., A.J.P.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (H.L., N.E.C., T.P.), Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Center for Health and the Environment and California National Primate Research Center (N.A.G.), University of California, Davis, California 95616; and Department of Medicine (W.K.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Jennifer Lesh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Z.A.A., J.C., J.L., C.R., A.P.B., N.S., W.K., A.J.P.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (H.L., N.E.C., T.P.), Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Center for Health and the Environment and California National Primate Research Center (N.A.G.), University of California, Davis, California 95616; and Department of Medicine (W.K.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Celeste Robledo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Z.A.A., J.C., J.L., C.R., A.P.B., N.S., W.K., A.J.P.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (H.L., N.E.C., T.P.), Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Center for Health and the Environment and California National Primate Research Center (N.A.G.), University of California, Davis, California 95616; and Department of Medicine (W.K.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Andrew P Bradford
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Z.A.A., J.C., J.L., C.R., A.P.B., N.S., W.K., A.J.P.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (H.L., N.E.C., T.P.), Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Center for Health and the Environment and California National Primate Research Center (N.A.G.), University of California, Davis, California 95616; and Department of Medicine (W.K.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Nancy A Gee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Z.A.A., J.C., J.L., C.R., A.P.B., N.S., W.K., A.J.P.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (H.L., N.E.C., T.P.), Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Center for Health and the Environment and California National Primate Research Center (N.A.G.), University of California, Davis, California 95616; and Department of Medicine (W.K.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Tzu Phang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Z.A.A., J.C., J.L., C.R., A.P.B., N.S., W.K., A.J.P.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (H.L., N.E.C., T.P.), Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Center for Health and the Environment and California National Primate Research Center (N.A.G.), University of California, Davis, California 95616; and Department of Medicine (W.K.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Nanette Santoro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Z.A.A., J.C., J.L., C.R., A.P.B., N.S., W.K., A.J.P.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (H.L., N.E.C., T.P.), Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Center for Health and the Environment and California National Primate Research Center (N.A.G.), University of California, Davis, California 95616; and Department of Medicine (W.K.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Wendy Kohrt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Z.A.A., J.C., J.L., C.R., A.P.B., N.S., W.K., A.J.P.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (H.L., N.E.C., T.P.), Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Center for Health and the Environment and California National Primate Research Center (N.A.G.), University of California, Davis, California 95616; and Department of Medicine (W.K.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Alex J Polotsky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Z.A.A., J.C., J.L., C.R., A.P.B., N.S., W.K., A.J.P.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (H.L., N.E.C., T.P.), Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Center for Health and the Environment and California National Primate Research Center (N.A.G.), University of California, Davis, California 95616; and Department of Medicine (W.K.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
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Bradford AP, Jones K, Kechris K, Chosich J, Montague M, Warren WC, May MC, Al-Safi Z, Kuokkanen S, Appt SE, Polotsky AJ. Joint MiRNA/mRNA expression profiling reveals changes consistent with development of dysfunctional corpus luteum after weight gain. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135163. [PMID: 26258540 PMCID: PMC4530955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obese women exhibit decreased fertility, high miscarriage rates and dysfunctional corpus luteum (CL), but molecular mechanisms are poorly defined. We hypothesized that weight gain induces alterations in CL gene expression. RNA sequencing was used to identify changes in the CL transcriptome in the vervet monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops) during weight gain. 10 months of high-fat, high-fructose diet (HFHF) resulted in a 20% weight gain for HFHF animals vs. 2% for controls (p = 0.03) and a 66% increase in percent fat mass for HFHF group. Ovulation was confirmed at baseline and after intervention in all animals. CL were collected on luteal day 7-9 based on follicular phase estradiol peak. 432 mRNAs and 9 miRNAs were differentially expressed in response to HFHF diet. Specifically, miR-28, miR-26, and let-7b previously shown to inhibit sex steroid production in human granulosa cells, were up-regulated. Using integrated miRNA and gene expression analysis, we demonstrated changes in 52 coordinately regulated mRNA targets corresponding to opposite changes in miRNA. Specifically, 2 targets of miR-28 and 10 targets of miR-26 were down-regulated, including genes linked to follicular development, steroidogenesis, granulosa cell proliferation and survival. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of dietary-induced responses of the ovulating ovary to developing adiposity. The observed HFHF diet-induced changes were consistent with development of a dysfunctional CL and provide new mechanistic insights for decreased sex steroid production characteristic of obese women. MiRNAs may represent novel biomarkers of obesity-related subfertility and potential new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P. Bradford
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Jones
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America
| | - Katerina Kechris
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America
| | - Justin Chosich
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America
| | - Michael Montague
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63108, United States of America
| | - Wesley C. Warren
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63108, United States of America
| | - Margaret C. May
- Department of Pathology (Comparative Medicine), Wake Forest University Primate Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States of America
| | - Zain Al-Safi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America
| | - Satu Kuokkanen
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, United States of America
| | - Susan E. Appt
- Department of Pathology (Comparative Medicine), Wake Forest University Primate Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States of America
| | - Alex J. Polotsky
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Polotsky AJ, Allshouse AA, Casson PR, Coutifaris C, Diamond MP, Christman GM, Schlaff WD, Alvero R, Trussell JC, Krawetz SA, Santoro N, Eisenberg E, Zhang H, Legro RS. Impact of Male and Female Weight, Smoking, and Intercourse Frequency on Live Birth in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:2405-12. [PMID: 25856211 PMCID: PMC4454812 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-1178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Obese men with normal semen parameters exhibit reduced fertility but few prospective data are available. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the effect of male factors and body mass among the Pregnancy in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome II (PPCOS II) participants. METHODS This is a secondary analysis of the PPCOS II trial. A total of 750 infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) were randomly assigned to up to receive five cycles of letrozole or clomiphene citrate. Females were 18-39-years-old and had a male partner with sperm concentration of at least 14 million/mL who consented to regular intercourse. Analysis was limited to couples with complete male partner information (n = 710). RESULTS Male body mass index (BMI) was higher in couples who failed to conceive (29.5 kg/m(2) vs 28.2 kg/m(2); P = .039) as well as those who did not achieve a live birth (29.5 kg/m(2) vs 28.1 kg/m(2); P = .047). At least one partner was obese in 548 couples (77.1%). A total of 261 couples were concordant for obesity (36.8%). After adjustment for female BMI, the association of male BMI with live birth was no longer significant (odds ratio [OR] = 0.85; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.68-1.05; P = .13). Couples in which both partners smoked had a lower chance of live birth vs nonsmokers (OR = 0.20; 95 % CI, 0.08-0.52; P = .02), whereas there was not a significant effect of female or male smoking alone. Live birth was more likely in couples with at least three sexual intercourse attempts over the previous 4 weeks (reported at baseline) as opposed to couples with lesser frequency (OR = 4.39; 95 % CI, 1.52-12. 4; P < .01). CONCLUSIONS In this large cohort of obese women with PCOS, effect of male obesity was explained by female BMI. Lower chance of success was seen among couples where both partners smoked. Obesity and smoking are common among women with PCOS and their partners and contribute to a decrease in fertility treatment success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Polotsky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.J.P., A.A.A., R.A., N.S.), University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (A.A.A.), School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (P.R.C.), University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (C.C.), Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.P.D.), GA Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.M.C.), University of Florida Health System, Gainesville, Florida 32610; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (W.D.S.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107; Department of Urology (J.C.T.), State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13202; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.A.K.), Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (E.E.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Biostatistics (H.Z.), Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.S.L.), Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Amanda A Allshouse
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.J.P., A.A.A., R.A., N.S.), University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (A.A.A.), School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (P.R.C.), University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (C.C.), Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.P.D.), GA Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.M.C.), University of Florida Health System, Gainesville, Florida 32610; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (W.D.S.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107; Department of Urology (J.C.T.), State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13202; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.A.K.), Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (E.E.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Biostatistics (H.Z.), Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.S.L.), Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Peter R Casson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.J.P., A.A.A., R.A., N.S.), University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (A.A.A.), School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (P.R.C.), University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (C.C.), Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.P.D.), GA Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.M.C.), University of Florida Health System, Gainesville, Florida 32610; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (W.D.S.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107; Department of Urology (J.C.T.), State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13202; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.A.K.), Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (E.E.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Biostatistics (H.Z.), Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.S.L.), Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Christos Coutifaris
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.J.P., A.A.A., R.A., N.S.), University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (A.A.A.), School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (P.R.C.), University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (C.C.), Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.P.D.), GA Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.M.C.), University of Florida Health System, Gainesville, Florida 32610; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (W.D.S.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107; Department of Urology (J.C.T.), State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13202; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.A.K.), Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (E.E.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Biostatistics (H.Z.), Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.S.L.), Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Michael P Diamond
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.J.P., A.A.A., R.A., N.S.), University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (A.A.A.), School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (P.R.C.), University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (C.C.), Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.P.D.), GA Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.M.C.), University of Florida Health System, Gainesville, Florida 32610; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (W.D.S.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107; Department of Urology (J.C.T.), State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13202; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.A.K.), Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (E.E.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Biostatistics (H.Z.), Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.S.L.), Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Gregory M Christman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.J.P., A.A.A., R.A., N.S.), University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (A.A.A.), School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (P.R.C.), University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (C.C.), Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.P.D.), GA Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.M.C.), University of Florida Health System, Gainesville, Florida 32610; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (W.D.S.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107; Department of Urology (J.C.T.), State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13202; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.A.K.), Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (E.E.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Biostatistics (H.Z.), Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.S.L.), Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - William D Schlaff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.J.P., A.A.A., R.A., N.S.), University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (A.A.A.), School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (P.R.C.), University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (C.C.), Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.P.D.), GA Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.M.C.), University of Florida Health System, Gainesville, Florida 32610; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (W.D.S.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107; Department of Urology (J.C.T.), State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13202; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.A.K.), Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (E.E.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Biostatistics (H.Z.), Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.S.L.), Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Ruben Alvero
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.J.P., A.A.A., R.A., N.S.), University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (A.A.A.), School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (P.R.C.), University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (C.C.), Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.P.D.), GA Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.M.C.), University of Florida Health System, Gainesville, Florida 32610; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (W.D.S.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107; Department of Urology (J.C.T.), State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13202; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.A.K.), Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (E.E.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Biostatistics (H.Z.), Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.S.L.), Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - J C Trussell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.J.P., A.A.A., R.A., N.S.), University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (A.A.A.), School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (P.R.C.), University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (C.C.), Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.P.D.), GA Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.M.C.), University of Florida Health System, Gainesville, Florida 32610; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (W.D.S.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107; Department of Urology (J.C.T.), State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13202; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.A.K.), Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (E.E.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Biostatistics (H.Z.), Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.S.L.), Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Stephen A Krawetz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.J.P., A.A.A., R.A., N.S.), University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (A.A.A.), School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (P.R.C.), University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (C.C.), Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.P.D.), GA Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.M.C.), University of Florida Health System, Gainesville, Florida 32610; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (W.D.S.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107; Department of Urology (J.C.T.), State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13202; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.A.K.), Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (E.E.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Biostatistics (H.Z.), Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.S.L.), Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Nanette Santoro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.J.P., A.A.A., R.A., N.S.), University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (A.A.A.), School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (P.R.C.), University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (C.C.), Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.P.D.), GA Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.M.C.), University of Florida Health System, Gainesville, Florida 32610; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (W.D.S.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107; Department of Urology (J.C.T.), State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13202; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.A.K.), Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (E.E.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Biostatistics (H.Z.), Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.S.L.), Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Esther Eisenberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.J.P., A.A.A., R.A., N.S.), University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (A.A.A.), School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (P.R.C.), University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (C.C.), Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.P.D.), GA Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.M.C.), University of Florida Health System, Gainesville, Florida 32610; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (W.D.S.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107; Department of Urology (J.C.T.), State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13202; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.A.K.), Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (E.E.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Biostatistics (H.Z.), Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.S.L.), Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Heping Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.J.P., A.A.A., R.A., N.S.), University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (A.A.A.), School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (P.R.C.), University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (C.C.), Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.P.D.), GA Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.M.C.), University of Florida Health System, Gainesville, Florida 32610; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (W.D.S.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107; Department of Urology (J.C.T.), State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13202; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.A.K.), Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (E.E.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Biostatistics (H.Z.), Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.S.L.), Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Richard S Legro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.J.P., A.A.A., R.A., N.S.), University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (A.A.A.), School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (P.R.C.), University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (C.C.), Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.P.D.), GA Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.M.C.), University of Florida Health System, Gainesville, Florida 32610; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (W.D.S.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107; Department of Urology (J.C.T.), State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13202; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.A.K.), Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (E.E.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Biostatistics (H.Z.), Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.S.L.), Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
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Merhi Z, Polotsky AJ, Bradford AP, Buyuk E, Chosich J, Phang T, Jindal S, Santoro N. Adiposity Alters Genes Important in Inflammation and Cell Cycle Division in Human Cumulus Granulosa Cell. Reprod Sci 2015; 22:1220-8. [PMID: 25676576 DOI: 10.1177/1933719115572484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether obesity alters genes important in cellular growth and inflammation in human cumulus granulosa cells (GCs). METHODS Eight reproductive-aged women who underwent controlled ovarian hyperstimulation followed by oocyte retrieval for in vitro fertilization were enrolled. Cumulus GC RNA was extracted and processed for microarray analysis on Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 chips. Gene expression data were validated on GCs from additional biologically similar samples using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Comparison in gene expression was made between women with body mass index (BMI) <25 kg/m(2) (group 1; n = 4) and those with BMI ≥25 kg/m(2) (group 2; n = 4). RESULTS Groups 1 and 2 had significantly different BMI (21.4 ± 1.4 vs 30.4 ± 2.7 kg/m(2), respectively; P = .02) but did not differ in age (30.5 ± 1.7 vs 32.7 ± 0.3 years, respectively; P = .3). Comparative analysis of gene expression profiles by supervised clustering between group 1 versus group 2 resulted in the selection of 7 differentially expressed genes: fibroblast growth factor 12 (FGF-12), protein phosphatase 1-like (PPM1L), zinc finger protein multitype 2 (ZFPM2), forkhead box M1 (FOXM1), cell division cycle 20 (CDC20), interleukin 1 receptor-like 1 (IL1RL1), and growth arrest-specific protein 7 (GAS7). FOXM1, CDC20, and GAS7 were downregulated while FGF-12 and PPM1L were upregulated in group 2 when compared to group 1. Validation with RT-PCR confirmed the microarray data except for ZFPM2 and IL1RL. As BMI increased, expression of FOXM1 significantly decreased (r = -.60, P = .048). CONCLUSIONS Adiposity is associated with changes in the expression of genes important in cellular growth, cell cycle progression, and inflammation. The upregulation of the metabolic regulator gene PPM1L suggests that adiposity induces an abnormal metabolic follicular environment, potentially altering folliculogenesis and oocyte quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaher Merhi
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Vermont College of medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Alex J Polotsky
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Andrew P Bradford
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Erkan Buyuk
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Justin Chosich
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Tzu Phang
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Sangita Jindal
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Nanette Santoro
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
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Roth LW, Allshouse AA, Bradshaw-Pierce EL, Lesh J, Chosich J, Kohrt W, Bradford AP, Polotsky AJ, Santoro N. Luteal phase dynamics of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones in obese and normal weight women. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2014; 81:418-25. [PMID: 24576183 PMCID: PMC4115008 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Female obesity is a state of relative hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. The aim of this study is to examine gonadotrophin secretion and response to gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and to investigate the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of endogenous and exogenous luteinizing hormone (LH) in obese women. DESIGN Participants underwent a luteal phase frequent blood sampling study. Endogenous LH pulsatility was observed, gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) was given in two weight-based doses, and GnRH antagonist was administered followed by recombinant LH. PATIENTS Regularly menstruating obese (n = 10) and normal weight (n = 10) women. MEASUREMENTS Endogenous hypothalamic-pituitary function (as measured by LH pulsatility), pituitary sensitivity (GnRH-induced LH secretion), pharmacodynamics of endogenous LH and pharmacokinetics of exogenous LH were compared between the obese and normal weight groups. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences in endogenous LH pulsatility or pituitary responses to two weight-based doses of GnRH between the obese and normal weight women. There were no differences in the pharmacodynamics of endogenous LH or the pharmacokinetics of exogenous LH between the groups. FSH dynamics did not differ between the groups throughout the study. CONCLUSIONS The relative hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism of obesity cannot be explained by differences in LH and FSH luteal phase dynamics or differences in endogenous LH pharmacodynamics or exogenous LH pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren W Roth
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
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Polotsky AJ, Allshouse AA, Crawford SL, Harlow SD, Khalil N, Kazlauskaite R, Santoro N, Legro RS. Hyperandrogenic oligomenorrhea and metabolic risks across menopausal transition. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:2120-7. [PMID: 24517154 PMCID: PMC4037727 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-4170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Although there is evidence of metabolic risks in young women with irregular menses and androgen excess, persistence of risks after menopause is unclear. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to determine the impact of menopause on the cardiometabolic profile in women with high androgens and a history of menstrual irregularity. METHODS Study of Women's Health Across the Nation is a longitudinal cohort study. Data from 1929 women without metabolic syndrome (MetS) at baseline were analyzed for incidence of MetS, self-reported stroke, and myocardial infarction. Cox hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated, adjusting for age, ethnicity, body mass, smoking, menopausal status, and study site. RESULTS Among MetS-free women at baseline, 497 new cases were identified during 20 249 woman-years of follow-up over 12 years. Women with hyperandrogenemia (HA) and oligomenorrhea (Oligo) developed incident cases of MetS at a comparable rate compared with their counterparts: eumenorrheic, normoandrogenic women [HR 1.4 (0.9-2.2)], oligomenorrheic, normoandrogenic women [HR 1.3 (0.8-2.2)], and eumenorrheic hyperandrogenic women [HR 1.2 (0.7-1.8)]. Smoking and obesity were the strongest predictors of incident MetS. There was no significant difference in incidence of self-reported stroke or MI by HA/Oligo status. CONCLUSIONS Longitudinal evidence suggests that a history of androgen excess and menstrual irregularity is not associated with worsening of metabolic health after menopause. Our findings challenge the notion that a history of concurrent HA and Oligo reflects ongoing cardiometabolic risk in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Polotsky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.J.P., A.A.A., N.S.), University of Colorado Denver, and Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (A.A.A.), School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Epidemiology, Preventive, and Behavioral Medicine (S.L.C.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655; School of Public Health (S.D.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Department of Community Health (N.K.), Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45420; Department of Endocrinology and Preventive Cardiology (R.K.), Rush University, Chicago, Illinois 60612; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.S.L.), Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
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Ross LA, Polotsky AJ, Kucherov A, Bradford AP, Lesh J, Chosich J, Gee N, Santoro N. Profound reduction of ovarian estrogen by aromatase inhibition in obese women. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:1464-9. [PMID: 24482405 PMCID: PMC4037337 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It was hypothesized that aromatase inhibitor (AI)-induced interruption of estradiol negative feedback would modulate the reproductive hormone profile of obese women. METHODS Regularly cycling women aged 18-40 years with a BMI of 18-25 kg/m(2) (normal weight, n = 10) or >30 kg/m(2) (obese; n = 12) were given AI daily for 7 days. Urinary hormone profiles were compared between groups. Fourteen eumenorrheic, normal weight women not receiving AI stimulation served as historical controls. Urinary metabolites for LH, FSH, estradiol (E1c), and progesterone (Pdg) were measured and normalized to a 28-day cycle. Serum estrone and estradiol were measured in the late follicular phase. RESULTS Whole-cycle LH, FSH, and luteal Pdg excretion did not differ between obese (BMI = 37.1 + 7 kg/m(2) ) and normal weight women treated with AIs, although LH was greater in stimulated compared with unstimulated normal weight women. Whole cycle mean E1c was lower in AI-stimulated obese and normal weight participants compared with nonstimulated normal weight controls, but obese women treated with AI excreted far less E1c (467.7 ± 217.4 μg/mg Cr) than AI-treated normal weight women (911.4 ± 361.8 μg/mg Cr; P = 0.02). Follicular phase serum estrone and estradiol were also lower in AI-treated obese women versus AI-treated normal weight women (61.7 ± 22.8 and 18.3 ± 3.7 pg/ml versus 99.1 ± 30.5 and 37.7 ± 5.9 pg/ml, respectively; P = 0.034 and 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Normal gonadotropin output and luteal function occur at the expense of reduced E1c excretion in AI-treated women, and this discrepancy is particularly evident in obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Ross
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
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Ryan A, Wang S, Alvero R, Polotsky AJ. Prolonged gonadotropin stimulation for assisted reproductive technology cycles is associated with decreased pregnancy rates for all women except for women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Assist Reprod Genet 2014; 31:837-42. [PMID: 24865669 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-014-0253-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine if etiology of infertility modifies the relationship between the duration of ovarian stimulation and success during assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles. METHODS A prospectively collected database was analyzed in an academic infertility practice. Eight hundred and twelve infertile women undergoing their initial fresh embryo, non-donor in vitro fertilization (IVF) or Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection ICSI) cycle between January 1999 and December 2010 were evaluated. Clinical pregnancy was the main outcome measured. RESULTS Out of 663 cycles resulting in oocyte retrieval, 299 produced a clinical pregnancy (45.1%). Women who achieved a clinical pregnancy had a significantly shorter stimulation length (11.9 vs. 12.1 days, p = 0.047). Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was the only etiology of infertility that was significantly associated with a higher chance for clinical pregnancy and was a significant confounder for the association of duration and success of treatment. Women with 13 days or longer of stimulation had a 34 % lower chance of clinical pregnancy as compared to those who had a shorter cycle (OR 0.66, 95% CI:0.46-0.95) after adjustment for age, ovarian reserve, number of oocytes retrieved, embryos transferred and PCOS diagnosis. CONCLUSION Prolonged duration of stimulation is associated with decreased ART success for all couples, except for women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Ryan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 12631 East 17th Avenue, Mail Stop B198-3, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
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Abstract
CONTEXT Assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycle cancelation rates are increased among overweight and obese women; however, the reasons for this are not completely clear. Premature luteinization due to inadequate endogenous gonadotropin suppression is a possibility for this higher risk of cancellation. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to investigate the impact of female obesity on the pharmacokinetics of cetrorelix (GnRH antagonist). DESIGN This was an interventional study. SETTING The study was conducted at a university clinical and translational research center. PARTICIPANTS Regularly menstruating obese (n = 10) and normal-weight (n = 10) women participated in the study. INTERVENTIONS A frequent blood sampling study was performed after a GnRH antagonist was administered, followed by recombinant LH. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURED Pharmacokinetics of cetrorelix in obese vs normal weight women were measured. RESULTS Five of the obese women (50%) and none of the normal-weight women had a rebound of LH (defined as >50% increase in LH level from nadir) over the 14-hour postdose observation period. The obese group had a significantly decreased distributional half-life of cetrorelix compared with the normal-weight group (8.1 ± 1.6 vs 12.7 ± 6.2 hours, P = .02). The obese group exhibited increased clearance of cetrorelix compared with the normal-weight group (25.8 ± 6.8 vs 20.1 ± 8.3 L/h, P = .058). CONCLUSIONS The altered pharmacokinetics of cetrorelix in obese women may lead to premature ovulation during ART, and this could be one of the mechanisms that results in increased cycle cancelation in this group of women. In accordance with the higher gonadotropin requirements for obese women undergoing ART, weight-based dosing of GnRH antagonists may be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren W Roth
- Divisions of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility (L.W.R., J.L., J.C., A.J.P., N.S.) and Basic Reproductive Sciences (A.P.B.) and Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences (E.L.B.-P.) and Biostatistics and Informatics (A.A.A.), University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045
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Stephens SM, Pau FKY, Yalcinkaya TM, May MC, Berga SL, Post MD, Appt SE, Polotsky AJ. Assessing the pulsatility of luteinizing hormone in female vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus). Comp Med 2013; 63:432-438. [PMID: 24210020 PMCID: PMC3796754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Specific alterations in the pulsatility of luteinizing hormone (LH) are linked to obesity-related subfertility in ovulatory women. Vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) are an Old World nonhuman primate that develops obesity and has a menstrual cycle similar to humans. We evaluated follicular-phase LH pulses in 12 adult normal-weight female vervets. Serum was collected every 10 min for 4 h by using a tether device in conscious, freely moving monkeys on menstrual cycle days 2 through 5. Serum estradiol was collected daily during the follicular phase to identify the luteal-follicular transition. For comparison, we used data from 12 ovulatory normal-weight women who had undergone frequent blood sampling of early-follicular LH. LH pulse frequency was similar, with 2.8 ± 0.7 LH pulses during 4 h in vervets compared with 2.3 ± 0.7 LH pulses during 4 h in women. The LH pulse mass (percentage change in the pulse peak over the preceding nadir) was 123.2% ± 27.4% in vervets and 60.9% ± 14.9% in humans. The first day of low serum estradiol after the follicular-phase peak was denoted as the day of the luteal-follicular transition. Luteectomy was performed on luteal days 7 through 9, and corpora lutea were confirmed by histology. We demonstrate that follicular LH patterns in vervets are similar to those in humans and that the luteal phase is easily identified by monitoring daily serum estradiol. These findings demonstrate that vervet monkeys are a suitable animal model for evaluating LH pulse dynamics longitudinally in studies of diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francis KY Pau
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon
| | | | - Margaret C May
- Pathology/Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine and Primate Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | | | - Miriam D Post
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Susan E Appt
- Pathology/Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine and Primate Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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