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Schindler M, Geisler SM, Seeling T, Navarrete Santos A. Ectopic Lipid Accumulation Correlates with Cellular Stress in Rabbit Blastocysts from Diabetic Mothers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11776. [PMID: 37511535 PMCID: PMC10380447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal diabetes mellitus in early pregnancy leads to hyperlipidemia in reproductive tract organs and an altered embryonic environment. To investigate the consequences on embryonic metabolism, the effect of high environmental-lipid levels was studied in rabbit blastocysts cultured with a lipid mixture in vitro and in blastocysts from diabetic, hyperlipidemic rabbits in vivo. The gene and protein expression of marker molecules involved in lipid metabolism and stress response were analyzed. In diabetic rabbits, the expression of embryoblast genes encoding carnitine palmityl transferase 1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α and γ increased, whereas trophoblast genes encoding for proteins associated with fatty acid synthesis and β-oxidation decreased. Markers for endoplasmic (activating transcription factor 4) and oxidative stress (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) were increased in embryoblasts, while markers for cellular redox status (superoxide dismutase 2) and stress (heat shock protein 70) were increased in trophoblasts from diabetic rabbits. The observed regulation pattern in vivo was consistent with an adaptation response to the hyperlipidemic environment, suggesting that maternal lipids have an impact on the intracellular metabolism of the preimplantation embryo in diabetic pregnancy and that embryoblasts are particularly vulnerable to metabolic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Schindler
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University, 06108 Halle, Germany
| | - Sophia Mareike Geisler
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University, 06108 Halle, Germany
| | - Tom Seeling
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University, 06108 Halle, Germany
| | - Anne Navarrete Santos
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University, 06108 Halle, Germany
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Eisvand F, Tajbakhsh A, Seidel V, Zirak MR, Tabeshpour J, Shakeri A. Quercetin and its role in modulating endoplasmic reticulum stress: A review. Phytother Res 2021; 36:73-84. [PMID: 34528309 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the place where proteins and lipids are biosynthesized and where transmembrane proteins are folded. Both pathological and physiological situations may disturb the function of the ER, resulting in ER stress. Under stress conditions, the cells initiate a defensive procedure known as the unfolded protein response (UPR). Cases of severe stress lead to autophagy and/or the induction of cell apoptosis. Many studies implicate ER stress as a major factor contributing to many diseases. Therefore, the modulation of ER stress pathways has become an attractive therapeutic target. Quercetin is a plant-derived metabolite belonging to the flavonoids class which presents a range of beneficial effects including anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, anti-oxidant, anti-obesity, anti-carcinogenic, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-diabetic, anti-hypercholesterolemic, and anti-apoptotic activities. Quercetin also has anti-cancer activity, and can be used as an adjuvant to decrease resistance to cancer chemotherapy. Furthermore, the effect of quercetin can be increased with the help of nanotechnology. This review discusses the role of quercetin in the modulation of ER stress (and related diseases) and provides novel evidence for the beneficial use of quercetin in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Eisvand
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Tajbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Veronique Seidel
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mohammad Reza Zirak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jamshid Tabeshpour
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Shakeri
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Han L, Jiang Z, Zheng X, Qiu J, Hu Y, Li X. Progress in Development of Interventions to Prevent Birth Defects in Diabetic Pregnancies. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2019; 67:648-653. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c18-01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhe Jiang
- Yanbian University Hospital
- Yanbian University College of Pharmacy
| | | | - Jun Qiu
- Yanbian University Hospital
- Yanbian University College of Pharmacy
| | - Yawen Hu
- Yanbian University Hospital
- Yanbian University College of Pharmacy
| | - Xuezheng Li
- Yanbian University Hospital
- Yanbian University College of Pharmacy
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Zhao Z, Cao L, Hernández-Ochoa E, Schneider MF, Reece EA. Disturbed intracellular calcium homeostasis in neural tube defects in diabetic embryopathy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 514:960-966. [PMID: 31092336 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancies complicated by preexisting maternal diabetes mellitus are associated with a higher risk of birth defects in infants, known as diabetic embryopathy. The common defects seen in the central nervous system result from failure of neural tube closure. The formation of neural tube defects (NTDs) is associated with excessive programmed cell death (apoptosis) in the neuroepithelium under hyperglycemia-induced intracellular stress conditions. The early cellular response to hyperglycemia remains to be identified. We hypothesize that hyperglycemia may disturb intracellular calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis, which perturbs organelle function and apoptotic regulation, resulting in increased apoptosis and embryonic NTDs. In an animal model of diabetic embryopathy, we performed Ca2+ imaging and observed significant increases in intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) in the embryonic neural epithelium. Blocking T-type Ca2+ channels with mibefradil, but not L-type with verapamil, significantly blunted the increases in [Ca2+]i, implicating an involvement of channel type-dependent Ca2+ influx in hyperglycemia-perturbed Ca2+ homeostasis. Treatment of diabetic pregnant mice with mibefradil during neurulation significantly reduced NTD rates in the embryos. This effect was associated with decreases in apoptosis, alleviation of endoplasmic reticulum stress, and increases of anti-apoptotic factors. Taken together, our data suggest an important role of Ca2+ influx in hyperglycemia-induced NTDs and of T-type Ca2+ channels as a potential target to prevent birth defects in diabetic pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Lixue Cao
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Erick Hernández-Ochoa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martin F Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - E Albert Reece
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Ornoy A, Koren G, Yanai J. Is post exposure prevention of teratogenic damage possible: Studies on diabetes, valproic acid, alcohol and anti folates in pregnancy: Animal studies with reflection to human. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 80:92-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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6
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Tan C, Meng F, Reece EA, Zhao Z. Modulation of nuclear factor-κB signaling and reduction of neural tube defects by quercetin-3-glucoside in embryos of diabetic mice. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 219:197.e1-197.e8. [PMID: 29733843 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2018.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus in early pregnancy increases the risk of birth defects in infants. Maternal hyperglycemia stimulates the expression of nitric oxide synthase 2, which can be regulated by transcription factors of the nuclear factor-κB family. Increases in reactive nitrogen species generate intracellular stress conditions, including nitrosative, oxidative, and endoplasmic reticulum stresses, and trigger programmed cell death (or apoptosis) in the neural folds, resulting in neural tube defects in the embryo. Inhibiting nitric oxide synthase 2 can reduce neural tube defects; however, the underlying mechanisms require further delineation. Targeting nitric oxide synthase 2 and associated nitrosative stress using naturally occurring phytochemicals is a potential approach to preventing birth defects in diabetic pregnancies. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the effect of quercetin-3-glucoside, a naturally occurring polyphenol flavonoid, in reducing maternal diabetes-induced neural tube defects in an animal model, and to delineate the molecular mechanisms underlying quercetin-3-glucoside action in regulating nitric oxide synthase 2 expression. STUDY DESIGN Female mice (C57BL/6) were induced to develop diabetes using streptozotocin before pregnancy. Diabetic pregnant mice were administered quercetin-3-glucoside (100 mg/kg) daily via gavage feeding, introduction of drug to the stomach directly via a feeding needle, during neurulation from embryonic day 6.5-9.5. After treatment at embryonic day 10.5, embryos were collected and examined for the presence of neural tube defects and apoptosis in the neural tube. Expression of nitric oxide synthase 2 and superoxide dismutase 1 (an antioxidative enzyme) was quantified using Western blot assay. Nitrosative, oxidative, and endoplasmic reticulum stress conditions were assessed using specific biomarkers. Expression and posttranslational modification of factors in the nuclear factor-κB system were investigated. RESULTS Treatment with quercetin-3-glucoside (suspended in water) significantly decreased neural tube defect rate and apoptosis in the embryos of diabetic mice, compared with those in the water-treated diabetic group (3.1% vs. 24.7%; P < .001). Quercetin-3-glucoside decreased the expression of nitric oxide synthase 2 and nitrosative stress (P < .05). It also increased the levels of superoxide dismutase 1 (P < .05), further increasing the antioxidative capacity of the cells. Quercetin-3-glucoside treatment also alleviated of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the embryos of diabetic mice (P < .05). Quercetin-3-glucoside reduced the levels of p65 (P < .05), a member of the nuclear factor-κB transcription factor family, but augmented the levels of the inhibitor of κBα (P < .05), which suppresses p65 nuclear translocation. In association with these changes, the levels of inhibitor of κB kinase-α and inhibitor of κBα phosphorylation were elevated (P < .05). CONCLUSION Quercetin-3-glucoside reduces the neural tube defects rate in the embryos of diabetic dams. Quercetin-3-glucoside suppresses nitric oxide synthase 2 and increases superoxide dismutase 1 expression, leading to alleviation of nitrosative, oxidative, and endoplasmic reticulum stress conditions. Quercetin-3-glucoside may regulate the expression of nitric oxide synthase 2 via modulating the nuclear factor-κB transcription regulation system. Quercetin-3-glucoside, a naturally occurring polyphenol that has high bioavailability and low toxicity, is a promising candidate agent to prevent birth defects in diabetic pregnancies.
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Asoglu MR, Gabbay-Benziv R, Turan OM, Turan S. Exposure of the developing heart to diabetic environment and early cardiac assessment: A review. Echocardiography 2018; 35:244-257. [DOI: 10.1111/echo.13811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet R. Asoglu
- ObstetricsGynecology & Reproductive Sciences; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Rinat Gabbay-Benziv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Hillel Yaffe Medical Center; Hadera Israel
| | - Ozhan M. Turan
- ObstetricsGynecology & Reproductive Sciences; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Sifa Turan
- ObstetricsGynecology & Reproductive Sciences; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
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8
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Kim G, Cao L, Reece EA, Zhao Z. Impact of protein O-GlcNAcylation on neural tube malformation in diabetic embryopathy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11107. [PMID: 28894244 PMCID: PMC5593976 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11655-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus in early pregnancy can cause neural tube defects (NTDs) in embryos by perturbing protein activity, causing cellular stress, and increasing programmed cell death (apoptosis) in the tissues required for neurulation. Hyperglycemia augments a branch pathway in glycolysis, the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP), to increase uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc). GlcNAc can be added to proteins by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) to regulate protein activity. In the embryos of diabetic mice, OGT is highly activated in association with increases in global protein O-GlcNAcylation. In neural stem cells in vitro, high glucose elevates O-GlcNAcylation and reactive oxygen species, but the elevations can be suppressed by an OGT inhibitor. Inhibition of OGT in diabetic pregnant mice in vivo decreases NTD rate in the embryos. This effect is associated with reduction in global O-GlcNAcylation, alleviation of intracellular stress, and decreases in apoptosis in the embryos. These suggest that OGT plays an important role in diabetic embryopathy via increasing protein O-GlcNAcylation, and that inhibiting OGT could be a candidate approach to prevent birth defects in diabetic pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyuyoup Kim
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences,University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lixue Cao
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences,University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - E Albert Reece
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences,University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhiyong Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences,University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Formation of neurodegenerative aggresome and death-inducing signaling complex in maternal diabetes-induced neural tube defects. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:4489-4494. [PMID: 28396396 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1616119114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus in early pregnancy increases the risk in infants of birth defects, such as neural tube defects (NTDs), known as diabetic embryopathy. NTDs are associated with hyperglycemia-induced protein misfolding and Caspase-8-induced programmed cell death. The present study shows that misfolded proteins are ubiquitinylated, suggesting that ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation is impaired. Misfolded proteins form aggregates containing ubiquitin-binding protein p62, suggesting that autophagic-lysosomal clearance is insufficient. Additionally, these aggregates contain the neurodegenerative disease-associated proteins α-Synuclein, Parkin, and Huntingtin (Htt). Aggregation of Htt may lead to formation of a death-inducing signaling complex of Hip1, Hippi, and Caspase-8. Treatment with chemical chaperones, such as sodium 4-phenylbutyrate (PBA), reduces protein aggregation in neural stem cells in vitro and in embryos in vivo. Furthermore, treatment with PBA in vivo decreases NTD rate in the embryos of diabetic mice, as well as Caspase-8 activation and cell death. Enhancing protein folding could be a potential interventional approach to preventing embryonic malformations in diabetic pregnancies.
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10
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Prenatal exposure to environmental factors and congenital limb defects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 108:243-273. [DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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11
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Zhao Z. Reevaluation of Antioxidative Strategies for Birth Defect Prevention in Diabetic Pregnancies. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR RESEARCH & THERAPEUTICS 2016; 5:145. [PMID: 28824831 PMCID: PMC5560165 DOI: 10.4172/2167-7956.1000145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus in early pregnancy is the most severe maternal disease that is counted for 10% of newborn infants with structural defects. With the rapid increases in the number of diabetic women in childbearing age, the birth defect rate is projected to elevate dramatically. Thus, prevention of embryonic malformations becomes an urgent task. Animal studies have revealed an involvement of oxidative stress in diabetic embryopathy and treatment with antioxidants can reduce embryonic abnormalities. However, the failure of clinical trials using free radical-scavenging antioxidants to alleviate oxidative stress-related diseases prompts researchers to reevaluate the strategy in birth defect prevention. Hyperglycemia also disturbs other intracellular homeostasis, generating aberrant conditions. Perturbed folding of newly synthesized proteins causes accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The ER under the stress activates signaling cascades, known as unfolded protein response, to suppress cell mitosis and/or trigger apoptosis. ER stress can be ameliorated by chemical chaperones, which promote protein folding. Hyperglycemia also stimulates the expression of nitric oxide (NO) synthase 2 (NOS2) to produce high levels of NO and reactive nitrogen species and augment protein nitrosylation and nitration, resulting in nitrosative stress. Inhibition of NOS2 using inhibitors has been demonstrated to reduce embryonic malformations in diabetic animals. Therefore, targeting ER and nitrosative stress conditions using specific agents to prevent birth defects in diabetic pregnancies warrant further investigations. Simultaneously targeting multiple stress conditions using combined agents is a potentially effective and feasible approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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12
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Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) knockout reduces fetal dysmorphogenesis in murine diabetic pregnancy. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 62:62-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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13
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Abstract
Diabetic embryopathy is a theoretical enigma and a clinical challenge. Both type 1 and type 2 diabetic pregnancy carry a significant risk for fetal maldevelopment, and the precise reasons for the diabetes-induced teratogenicity are not clearly identified. The experimental work in this field has revealed a partial, however complex, answer to the teratological question, and we will review some of the latest suggestions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf J. Eriksson
- CONTACT Ulf J. Eriksson Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, PO Box 571, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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14
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Cao L, Tan C, Meng F, Liu P, Reece EA, Zhao Z. Amelioration of intracellular stress and reduction of neural tube defects in embryos of diabetic mice by phytochemical quercetin. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21491. [PMID: 26887929 PMCID: PMC4757833 DOI: 10.1038/srep21491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus in early pregnancy causes birth defects, including neural tube defects (NTDs). Hyperglycemia increases production of nitric oxide (NO) through NO synthase 2 (Nos2) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), generating nitrosative and oxidative stress conditions in the embryo. The present study aimed to target nitrosative stress using a naturally occurring Nos2 inhibitor, quercetin, to prevent NTDs in the embryos of diabetic mice. Daily administration of quercetin to diabetic pregnant mice during the hyperglycemia-susceptible period of organogenesis significantly reduced NTDs and cell apoptosis in the embryos, compared with those of vehicle-treated diabetic pregnant mice. Using HPLC-coupled ESI-MS/MS, quercetin metabolites, including methylated and sulfonylated derivatives, were detected in the conceptuses. The methylated metabolite, 3-O-methylquercetin, was shown to reduce ROS level in embryonic stem cells cultured in high glucose. Quercetin treatment decreased the levels of Nos2 expression, protein nitrosylation, and protein nitration, alleviating nitrosative stress. Quercetin increased the expression of superoxide dismutase 1 and 2, and reduced the levels of oxidative stress markers. Expression of genes of redox regulating enzymes and DNA damage repair factors was upregulated. Our study demonstrates that quercetin ameliorates intracellular stresses, regulates gene expression, and reduces embryonic malformations in diabetic pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixue Cao
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chengyu Tan
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Fantong Meng
- College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Peiyan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - E Albert Reece
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhiyong Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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15
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Cao L, Liu P, Gill K, Reece EA, Cheema AK, Zhao Z. Identification of novel cell survival regulation in diabetic embryopathy via phospholipidomic profiling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 470:599-605. [PMID: 26797275 PMCID: PMC4756589 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.01.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus in early pregnancy causes birth defects by disturbing metabolic homeostasis and increasing programmed cell death in the embryo. Over-activation of phospholipase Cβ3 and γ1 suggests disturbed phospholipid metabolism, which is an important in regulation of cell signaling and activity. Metabolomic examinations reveal significant changes in the profile of phospholipid metabolism. Among the metabolites, levels of phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) are increased. PIP2 effector PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10) is activated. Activation of protein kinase Bα (PKBα, or AKT1) and mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) is decreased. Inhibition of PLCs and PTEN suppresses over-generation of reactive oxygen species and inhibition of PLCs prevents fragmentation of mitochondria in neural stem cells cultured in high glucose. These observations suggest that maternal hyperglycemia disrupts phospholipid metabolism, leading to perturbation of mitochondrial dynamics and redox homeostasis and suppression of the PKB-mTOR cell survival signaling in the embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixue Cao
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peiyan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kirandeep Gill
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - E A Reece
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amrita K Cheema
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Zhiyong Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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16
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Roidl D, Hellbach N, Bovio PP, Villarreal A, Heidrich S, Nestel S, Grüning BA, Boenisch U, Vogel T. DOT1L Activity Promotes Proliferation and Protects Cortical Neural Stem Cells from Activation of ATF4-DDIT3-Mediated ER Stress In Vitro. Stem Cells 2015; 34:233-45. [PMID: 26299268 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that the lysine methyltransferase DOT1L/KMT4 has important roles in proliferation, survival, and differentiation of stem cells in development and in disease. We investigated the function of DOT1L in neural stem cells (NSCs) of the cerebral cortex. The pharmacological inhibition and shRNA-mediated knockdown of DOT1L impaired proliferation and survival of NSCs. DOT1L inhibition specifically induced genes that are activated during the unfolded protein response (UPR) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Chromatin-immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that two genes encoding for central molecules involved in the ER stress response, Atf4 and Ddit3 (Chop), are marked with H3K79 methylation. Interference with DOT1L activity resulted in transcriptional activation of both genes accompanied by decreased levels of H3K79 dimethylation. Although downstream effectors of the UPR, such as Ppp1r15a/Gadd34, Atf3, and Tnfrsf10b/Dr5 were also transcriptionally activated, this most likely occurred in response to increased ATF4 expression rather than as a direct consequence of altered H3K79 methylation. While stem cells are particularly vulnerable to stress, the UPR and ER stress have not been extensively studied in these cells yet. Since activation of the ER stress program is also implicated in directing stem cells into differentiation or to maintain a proliferative status, the UPR must be tightly regulated. Our and published data suggest that histone modifications, including H3K4me3, H3K14ac, and H3K79me2, are implicated in the control of transcriptional activation of ER stress genes. In this context, the loss of H3K79me2 at the Atf4- and Ddit3-promoters appears to mark a point-of-no-return that activates the death program in NSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Roidl
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Hermann Staudinger Graduate School, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Hellbach
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Patrick P Bovio
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alejandro Villarreal
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Heidrich
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sigrun Nestel
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Björn A Grüning
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Pharmaceutical Bioinformatics, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Boenisch
- Deep Sequencing Facility, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Vogel
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Ornoy A, Reece EA, Pavlinkova G, Kappen C, Miller RK. Effect of maternal diabetes on the embryo, fetus, and children: congenital anomalies, genetic and epigenetic changes and developmental outcomes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 105:53-72. [PMID: 25783684 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pregestational and gestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM; GDM) are significant health concerns because they are associated with an increased rate of malformations and maternal health complications. METHODS We reviewed the data that help us to understand the effects of diabetes in pregnancy. RESULTS Diabetic embryopathy can affect any developing organ system, but cardiovascular and neural tube defects are among the most frequent anomalies. Other complications include preeclampsia, preterm delivery, fetal growth abnormalities, and perinatal mortality. Neurodevelopmental studies on offspring of mothers with diabetes demonstrated increased rate of Gross and Fine motor abnormalities, of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, learning difficulties, and possibly also Autism Spectrum Disorder. The mechanisms underlying the effects of maternal hyperglycemia on the developing fetus may involve increased oxidative stress, hypoxia, apoptosis, and epigenetic changes. Evidence for epigenetic changes are the following: not all progeny are affected and not to the same extent; maternal diet may influence pregnancy outcomes; and maternal diabetes alters embryonic transcriptional profiles and increases the variation between transcriptomic profiles as a result of altered gene regulation. Research in animal models has revealed that maternal hyperglycemia is a teratogen, and has helped uncover potential therapeutic targets which, when blocked, can mitigate or ameliorate the negative effects of diabetes on the developing fetus. CONCLUSIONS Tight metabolic control, surveillance, and labor management remain the cornerstone of care for pregnant women with diabetes, but advances in the field indicate that new treatments to protect the mother and baby are not far from becoming clinical realities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asher Ornoy
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Laboratory of Teratology, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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Kupsco A, Schlenk D. Oxidative stress, unfolded protein response, and apoptosis in developmental toxicity. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 317:1-66. [PMID: 26008783 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Physiological development requires precise spatiotemporal regulation of cellular and molecular processes. Disruption of these key events can generate developmental toxicity in the form of teratogenesis or mortality. The mechanism behind many developmental toxicants remains unknown. While recent work has focused on the unfolded protein response (UPR), oxidative stress, and apoptosis in the pathogenesis of disease, few studies have addressed their relationship in developmental toxicity. Redox regulation, UPR, and apoptosis are essential for physiological development and can be disturbed by a variety of endogenous and exogenous toxicants to generate lethality and diverse malformations. This review examines the current knowledge of the role of oxidative stress, UPR, and apoptosis in physiological development as well as in developmental toxicity, focusing on studies and advances in vertebrates model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Kupsco
- Environmental Toxicology Program, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Environmental Toxicology Program, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA; Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
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Quan H, Ma T, Zhao X, Zhao B, Liu Y, Li H. Vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) induces high occurrence of neural tube defects in embryonic mouse brain during neurulation. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2014; 34:619-30. [PMID: 24664314 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-014-0049-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the direct embryonic teratogenicity of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM), especially the toxic effects on the early development of the nervous system and its underlying mechanisms. Pregnant mice at embryonic day 6.5 (E6.5) were injected with different doses of VCM (200, 400 and 600 mg/kg) and embryos were harvested at E10.5. Our results showed that doses higher than 400 mg/kg of VCM increased the incidence of malformed embryos, especially the neural tube defects (NTDs). In addition, high-dose of VCM decreased mitotic figure counts in the neuroepithelium and enhanced the percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase, while they were reduced in S phase. The more VCM was injected into mice, the fewer positive PCNA cells were seen and the more positive TUNEL cells were observed in the neuroepithelium. Moreover, significant increases in the levels of caspase-3 protein were observed in NTD embryos. Our results demonstrate that during early pregnancy, exposure to doses higher than 400 mg/kg of VCM increases the incidence of malformations and particularly the rate of NTDs. High-dose of VCM inhibits the proliferation of neural cells and induces cell apoptosis, leading to an imbalance in the ratio of proliferation and apoptosis. Meanwhile, the apoptosis of neuroepithelial cells might be accelerated by the activation of the caspase-3 pathway, and it might be a reason for NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Quan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University, Gaotanyan St 30#, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is responsible for nearly 10% of fetal anomalies in diabetic pregnancies. Although aggressive perinatal care and glycemic control are available in developed countries, the birth defect rate in diabetic pregnancies remains higher than that in the general population. Major cellular activities (ie, proliferation and apoptosis) and intracellular metabolic conditions (ie, nitrosative, oxidative, and endoplasmic reticulum stress) have been shown to be associated with diabetic embryopathy using animal models. Translating advances made in animal studies into clinical applications in humans requires collaborative efforts across the basic research, preclinical, and clinical communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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